Bag-holding traction conveying device for material packaging production

By designing a bag-holding and traction conveying device for material packaging production, the combination of belt conveying mechanism and bag-holding and traction mechanism is used to solve the problem of skewed and deviation of the bag port during the conveying process, and the stable verticality of the material bag and the smooth progress of the packaging production are achieved.

CN222756877UActive Publication Date: 2025-04-15CHANGZHOU LEMAR INTELLIGENT EQUIP TECH CO LTD
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202421640381.5
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2024-07-11
Publication Date
2025-04-15
Estimated Expiration
2034-07-11

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

The bag holding device in the existing material packaging production often causes the material bag to be crooked and the bag port position to deviate during the traction and transportation process, affecting the vacuum and sealing process of the subsequent packaging production.

Method used

A device including a belt conveying mechanism and a bag holding traction mechanism is designed. Through a symmetrically arranged movable bracket and a bag clamping assembly, combined with a bag holding assembly symmetrically arranged front and rear, a joint force is formed to firmly hold the material bag, and the conveying belt of the belt conveying mechanism is pressed against the bottom of the material bag to ensure that the bag is stable and vertical.

Benefits of technology

It effectively avoids the gap between the side of the material bag and the bag holding plate, ensures the stability of the bag opening position, and ensures the smooth progress of the vacuum and sealing process of the material bag tube insertion.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

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Abstract

The utility model discloses a bag holding traction conveying device for material packaging production, which comprises a belt conveying mechanism and a bag holding traction mechanism, the bag holding traction mechanism comprises movable supports arranged in bilateral symmetry, bag clamping assemblies arranged in bilateral symmetry and bag holding assemblies arranged in front and back symmetry, and the bag clamping assemblies are arranged on the inner sides of the movable supports. The bag holding assemblies are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the bag clamping assembly, each bag clamping assembly comprises a clamping plate and a clamping plate movement mechanism, each bag holding assembly comprises a bag holding plate, a clamping arm and a connecting rod, one end of each clamping arm is a movable end, the other end of each clamping arm is rotationally connected with the movable support, and each bag holding plate is installed at the movable end of the corresponding clamping arm; the other end of the connecting rod is rotationally connected with the splint. When the bag holding traction conveying device is used for material packaging production bag holding traction conveying, it can be guaranteed that no gap exists between the side face of a material bag and the bag holding plate, it can be guaranteed that the bag is stable and vertical, the bag opening position is not deviated or inclined, and it is guaranteed that pipe inserting vacuumizing and sealing of the material bag are conducted smoothly.
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Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of material packaging, in particular to a bag holding and traction conveying device used for material packaging production. Background Art

[0002] In a fully automatic packaging production line, the bag holding device plays a connecting role in the automatic packaging process. During the movement of material bags, the bag holding device is generally required to maintain the shape and relative position of the material bags and transport them. The stable shape of the material bags is crucial to subsequent packaging production.

[0003] At present, in the material packaging production, the existing bag holding devices all use left and right clamps to clamp the two sides of the material bag, and the two sides of the material bag are supported by fixed plates. In this way, a gap will be formed between the side of the material bag and the fixed plate. When the bag is pulled and transported, it often causes the bag to be skewed and the bag mouth to deviate from the position, which seriously affects the subsequent insertion, vacuuming and sealing processes of the material packaging. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a bag holding and traction conveying device for material packaging production, which can ensure that there is no gap between the side of the material bag and the bag holding plate during bag holding and traction conveying in material packaging production, can ensure that the bag is stably vertical and the position of the bag mouth is not skewed, and can ensure that the vacuuming and sealing of the material bag are carried out smoothly, and has a simple structure.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model adopts such a bag holding and traction conveying device for material packaging production, including a belt conveying mechanism and a bag holding and traction mechanism, the belt conveying mechanism includes a fixed frame and guide rails symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the fixed frame, the bag holding and traction mechanism includes a movable bracket symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides and a bag clamping assembly symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides, the two movable brackets are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the fixed frame, the movable bracket is slidably connected to the guide rail, the bag clamping assembly is arranged above the fixed frame and installed on the movable bracket, the movable bracket includes a side bracket and a side bracket fixed on the side bracket The support frame, the bag clamping assembly includes a splint and a splint movement mechanism, the splint movement mechanism drives the splint to move left and right, the splint movement mechanism is installed on the support frame, the bag holding traction mechanism also includes a bag holding assembly symmetrically arranged front and back, the two bag holding assemblies are respectively arranged on the front and back sides of the bag clamping assembly, the bag holding assembly includes a bag holding plate, a clamping arm and a connecting rod, one end of the clamping arm is a movable end, and the other end of the clamping arm is rotatably connected to the support frame, the bag holding plate is vertically installed at the movable end of the clamping arm, one end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the arm body of the clamping arm, and the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the splint.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the utility model, the bag holding assembly is composed of four bag holding assemblies to form two pairs of bag holding assemblies, and the two bag holding assemblies arranged opposite to each other on the front and rear sides of the bag clamping assembly form a pair, and the two pairs of bag holding assemblies are arranged symmetrically with each other on the left and right.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the utility model, the clamping arms and connecting rods of the bag holding assembly are provided in two sets, the two sets of clamping arms and connecting rods being arranged at intervals in the upper and lower parts.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the utility model, a connecting plate is fixedly arranged between the movable ends of the upper and lower clamping arms, the bag holding plate is arranged parallel to the connecting plate, and the bag holding plate is fixedly connected to the connecting plate by bolts.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the middle portion of the arm of the clamping arm is bent inward to form an obtuse angle.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the utility model, the clamping plate movement mechanism includes a cylinder, the cylinder is fixedly mounted on the support frame, and the clamping plate is vertically fixedly mounted on the end of the cylinder shaft of the cylinder.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, the clamping plate movement mechanism includes a linear motor, the linear motor is fixedly mounted on the support frame, and the clamping plate is vertically fixedly mounted on the end of the output shaft of the linear motor.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the utility model, the bag holding and traction mechanism also includes a connecting bracket, which is arranged at the lower part of the fixed frame of the belt conveyor mechanism, and the two symmetrically arranged movable brackets are fixedly connected via the connecting bracket.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the utility model, a synchronous belt fixing block is fixedly provided on the connecting bracket, the movable bracket is fixedly connected to the synchronous belt through the synchronous belt fixing block, and the synchronous belt is driven by a motor and a synchronous wheel.

[0014] After adopting the above structure, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] The utility model is used for a bag holding and traction conveying device for material packaging production, comprising a belt conveying mechanism and a bag holding and traction mechanism, the belt conveying mechanism comprising a fixed frame and guide rails symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the fixed frame, the bag holding and traction mechanism comprising a movable bracket symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides and a bag clamping assembly symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides, the two movable brackets are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the fixed frame, the movable bracket is slidably connected to the guide rails, the bag clamping assembly is arranged above the fixed frame and installed on the movable bracket, the movable bracket comprises a side bracket and a support frame fixed on the side bracket, the clamping assembly The bag assembly includes a splint and a splint movement mechanism, the splint movement mechanism drives the splint to move left and right, the splint movement mechanism is installed on the support frame, the bag holding traction mechanism also includes a bag holding assembly symmetrically arranged front and back, the two bag holding assemblies are respectively arranged on the front and back sides of the bag clamping assembly, the bag holding assembly includes a bag holding plate, a clamping arm and a connecting rod, one end of the clamping arm is a movable end, the other end of the clamping arm is rotatably connected to the support frame, the bag holding plate is vertically installed at the movable end of the clamping arm, one end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the arm body of the clamping arm, and the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the splint. In the initial state of the utility model, the splint is in a retracted state, and the bag holding plate is in an expanded state. During operation, when the material bag is delivered by the translation and lifting electric conveying device of the previous process, the movable bracket moves along the guide rail to the front of the belt conveyor mechanism, and the splint movement mechanism drives the splint to move outward. At the same time, the splint pulls the connecting rod to drive the clamping arm to move inward. The bag holding plate is pushed inward by the movable end of the clamping arm. The splints of the bag clamping assembly symmetrically arranged on the left and right and the bag holding plates of the bag holding assembly symmetrically arranged front and back form a combined force to firmly hold the material bag. At the same time, the conveying belt of the belt conveyor mechanism presses against the bottom of the material bag. Then, the movable bracket carries the bag clamping assembly, the bag holding assembly and the material bag and the conveying belt of the belt conveyor mechanism to move synchronously to the rear of the fixed frame. After they are in place, the material bag is inserted into the tube, vacuumed and sealed. In this way, the bag holding components arranged symmetrically in front and back hold the two sides of the material bag like movable arms, ensuring that there is no gap between the sides of the material bag and the bag holding plate, and the bag clamping components arranged symmetrically in left and right clamp the front and back of the material bag, so that the material bag is firmly held on all four sides, and the bottom of the material bag is supported by the conveying belt of the belt conveyor mechanism, ensuring that the bag is stably vertical and the bag mouth is not tilted, ensuring that the vacuuming and sealing of the material bag are carried out smoothly. In addition, the utility model can be applied to the bag holding and traction conveying of material packaging bags of various specifications.

[0016] The bag holding assembly of the utility model is composed of four bag holding assemblies forming two pairs, and two bag holding assemblies arranged opposite to each other on the front and rear sides of the bag clamping assembly form a pair, and the two pairs of bag holding assemblies are arranged symmetrically to each other. In this way, the flexible applicability of the bag holding assembly is further enhanced, and it is further ensured that there is no gap between the side of the material bag and the bag holding plate, and the bag is stably vertical and the bag mouth position is not skewed.

[0017] The clamping arms and connecting rods of the bag holding assembly of the utility model are provided in two sets, the two sets of clamping arms and connecting rods are arranged at intervals in the upper and lower parts, thus enhancing the stability of the clamping arms and connecting rods.

[0018] In the utility model, a connecting plate is fixedly arranged between the movable ends of the upper and lower clamping arms, the bag holding plate is arranged parallel to the connecting plate, and the bag holding plate is fixedly connected to the connecting plate by bolts. In this way, the connection between the clamping arm and the bag holding plate is more stable.

[0019] The middle part of the arm of the clamping arm of the utility model is bent inwardly to form an obtuse angle, so that the inward movement of the bag holding plate on the clamping arm is more in line with the requirements.

[0020] The clamping plate movement mechanism of the utility model comprises a cylinder, the cylinder is fixedly mounted on the support frame, and the clamping plate is vertically fixedly mounted on the cylinder shaft end of the cylinder. In this way, the clamping plate movement mechanism adopts the cylinder, which is more economical and convenient to use.

[0021] The clamping plate movement mechanism of the utility model comprises a linear motor, the linear motor is fixedly mounted on the support frame, and the clamping plate is vertically fixedly mounted on the end of the output shaft of the linear motor. In this way, the clamping plate movement mechanism has an additional preferred solution.

[0022] The bag holding and traction mechanism of the utility model further comprises a connecting bracket, which is arranged at the lower part of the fixed frame of the belt conveyor mechanism, and the two symmetrically arranged movable brackets are fixedly connected through the connecting bracket, so as to further enhance the stability of the movable bracket.

[0023] The utility model has a synchronous belt fixing block fixed on the connecting bracket, and the movable bracket is fixedly connected to the synchronous belt through the synchronous belt fixing block, and the synchronous belt is driven by a motor and a synchronous wheel. In this way, the motor drives the synchronous wheel, and the synchronous wheel drives the synchronous belt to move. The synchronous belt pulls the movable bracket to move through the synchronous belt fixing block, and the movable bracket moves with the bag clamping assembly and the bag holding assembly. The movable bracket moves synchronously with the conveying belt of the belt conveying mechanism.

[0024] The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient implementation, simple installation and operation, and low manufacturing cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The specific implementation of the utility model is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the structure of a bag holding and traction conveying device used in material packaging production according to the utility model.

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of center A.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a bottom stereoscopic schematic diagram of the bag holding and traction conveying device used for material packaging production according to the utility model.

[0029] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified schematic diagram of point B in the middle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 The bag holding and traction conveying device for material packaging production shown in the figure comprises a belt conveying mechanism 1 and a bag holding and traction mechanism 2, wherein the belt conveying mechanism 1 comprises a fixed frame 1-1 and guide rails 1-2 symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the fixed frame 1-1, the bag holding and traction mechanism 2 comprises a movable bracket 2-1 symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides and a bag clamping assembly 2-2 symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides, the two movable brackets 2-1 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the fixed frame 1-1, the movable bracket 2-1 is slidably connected to the guide rails 1-2, the bag clamping assembly 2-2 is arranged above the fixed frame 1-1 and installed on the movable bracket 2-1, the movable bracket 2-1 comprises a side bracket 2-1-1 and a support frame 2-1-2 fixed on the side bracket 2-1-1, The bag clamping assembly 2-2 includes a clamping plate 2-2-1 and a clamping plate movement mechanism 2-2-2. The clamping plate movement mechanism 2-2-2 drives the clamping plate 2-2-1 to move left and right. The clamping plate movement mechanism 2-2-2 is installed on the support frame 2-1-2. The bag holding traction mechanism 2 also includes a bag holding assembly 2-3 symmetrically arranged front and back. The two bag holding assemblies 2-3 are respectively arranged at the front and rear sides of the bag clamping assembly 2-2. The bag holding assembly 2-3 includes a bag holding plate 2- 3-1, a clamping arm 2-3-2 and a connecting rod 2-3-3, one end of the clamping arm 2-3-2 is a movable end 2a, the other end of the clamping arm 2-3-2 is rotatably connected to the support frame 2-1-2, the bag holding plate 2-3-1 is vertically installed on the movable end 2a of the clamping arm 2-3-2, one end of the connecting rod 2-3-3 is rotatably connected to the arm body 2b of the clamping arm 2-3-2, and the other end of the connecting rod 2-3-3 is rotatably connected to the clamping plate 2-2-1.

[0031] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the bag holding assembly 2-3 is composed of four bag holding assemblies 2-3 to form two pairs of bag holding assemblies 2-3, and the two bag holding assemblies 2-3 arranged opposite to each other on the front and rear sides of the bag clamping assembly 2-2 form a pair, and the two pairs of bag holding assemblies 2-3 are arranged symmetrically with each other on the left and right.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the clamping arms 2-3-2 and connecting rods 2-3-3 of the bag holding assembly 2-3 are provided in two sets, the two sets of clamping arms 2-3-2 and connecting rods 2-3-3 being spaced apart from each other.

[0033] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a connecting plate 2-3-4 is fixedly arranged between the movable ends 2a of the upper and lower clamping arms 2-3-2, the bag holding plate 2-3-1 is arranged parallel to the connecting plate 2-3-4, and the bag holding plate 2-3-1 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 2-3-4 by bolts.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the middle portion of the arm body 2b of the clamping arm 2-3-2 is bent inward to form an obtuse angle.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the clamping plate movement mechanism 2-2-2 includes a cylinder, which is fixedly mounted on the support frame 2-1-2, and the clamping plate 2-2-1 is vertically fixedly mounted on the end of the cylinder shaft 2c of the cylinder.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the clamping plate movement mechanism 2-2-2 includes a linear motor, which is fixedly mounted on the support frame 2-1-2, and the clamping plate 2-2-1 is vertically fixedly mounted on the end of the output shaft of the linear motor.

[0037] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the bag holding and traction mechanism 2 also includes a connecting bracket 2-4, and the connecting bracket 2-4 is arranged at the lower part of the fixed frame 1-1 of the belt conveyor mechanism 1, and the two symmetrically arranged movable brackets 2-1 are fixedly connected through the connecting bracket 2-4.

[0038] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, a synchronous belt fixing block 2-4-1 is fixedly provided on the connecting bracket 2-4, and the movable bracket 2-1 is fixedly connected to the synchronous belt 2-5 through the synchronous belt fixing block 2-4-1, and the synchronous belt 2-5 is driven by the motor 2-6 and the synchronous wheel 2-7.

[0039] In the utility model, the clamping plate 2-2-1 is in a retracted state at the beginning, and the bag holding plate 2-3-1 is in an extended state. During operation, the motor 2-6 drives the synchronous wheel 2-7, the synchronous wheel 2-7 drives the synchronous belt 2-5 to move, the synchronous belt 2-5 pulls the movable bracket 2-1 to move through the synchronous belt fixing block 2-4-1, and the movable bracket 2-1 moves with the bag clamping assembly 2-2 and the bag holding assembly 2-3. When the material bag is delivered by the translation and lifting electric conveying device of the previous process, the movable bracket 2-1 moves along the guide rail 1-2 to the front of the belt conveyor mechanism 1, and the clamping plate moving mechanism 2-2-2 drives the clamping plate 2-2-1 to move outward. At the same time, the clamping plate 2-2-1 pulls the connecting rod 2-3-3 to drive the clamping arm 2-3-2 to move inward. The bag holding plate 2-3-1 is pushed by the movable end 2a of the clamping arm 2-3-2 and also moves inward. The clamping plate 2-2-1 of the bag clamping assembly 2-2 symmetrically arranged on the left and right and the bag holding plate 2-3-1 of the bag holding assembly 2-3 symmetrically arranged on the front and back form a combined force to firmly hold the material bag. At the same time, the conveying belt of the belt conveyor mechanism 1 is against the bottom of the material bag. Then, the movable bracket 2-1 brings the bag clamping assembly 2-2, the bag holding assembly 2-3 and the material bag to move synchronously with the conveying belt of the belt conveyor mechanism 1 to the rear of the fixed frame 1-1. After it is in place, the material bag is intubated, vacuumed and sealed.

[0040] After testing, the utility model can ensure that there is no gap between the side of the material bag and the bag holding plate when the bag is pulled and conveyed in the material packaging production, and can ensure that the bag is stable and vertical, and the position of the bag mouth is not tilted, and ensure that the vacuuming and sealing of the material bag are carried out smoothly, and good results have been achieved.

Claims

1. A bag holding and traction conveying device for material packaging production, comprising a belt conveying mechanism (1) and a bag holding and traction mechanism (2), wherein the belt conveying mechanism (1) comprises a fixed frame (1-1) and guide rails (1-2) symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the fixed frame (1-1), and the bag holding and traction mechanism (2) comprises a movable bracket (2-1) symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides and a bag clamping assembly (2-2) symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides, wherein the two movable brackets (2-1) are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the fixed frame (1-1), the movable bracket (2-1) is slidably connected to the guide rails (1-2), the bag clamping assembly (2-2) is arranged above the fixed frame (1-1) and mounted on the movable bracket (2-1), and the movable bracket (2-1) comprises a side bracket (2-1-1) and a support frame (2-1-2) fixed on the side bracket (2-1-1). The bag clamping assembly (2-2) comprises a clamping plate (2-2-1) and a clamping plate movement mechanism (2-2-2), wherein the clamping plate movement mechanism (2-2-2) drives the clamping plate (2-2-1) to move left and right, and the clamping plate movement mechanism (2-2-2) is installed on the support frame (2-1-2), and is characterized in that: The bag holding and traction mechanism (2) also includes a bag holding assembly (2-3) symmetrically arranged front and back, the two bag holding assemblies (2-3) being respectively arranged on the front and back sides of the bag clamping assembly (2-2), the bag holding assembly (2-3) including a bag holding plate (2-3-1), a clamping arm (2-3-2) and a connecting rod (2-3-3), one end of the clamping arm (2-3-2) being a movable end (2a), the other end of the clamping arm (2-3-2) being rotatably connected to the support frame (2-1-2), the bag holding plate (2-3-1) being vertically mounted on the movable end (2a) of the clamping arm (2-3-2), one end of the connecting rod (2-3-3) being rotatably connected to the arm body (2b) of the clamping arm (2-3-2), and the other end of the connecting rod (2-3-3) being rotatably connected to the clamping plate (2-2-1).

2. The bag holding and traction conveying device for material packaging production according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bag holding components (2-3) are four and form two pairs of bag holding components (2-3), and two bag holding components (2-3) arranged opposite to each other on the front and rear sides of the bag clamping component (2-2) form a pair, and the two pairs of bag holding components (2-3) are arranged symmetrically to each other.

3. The bag holding and traction conveying device for material packaging production according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The clamping arms (2-3-2) and connecting rods (2-3-3) of the bag holding assembly (2-3) are provided in two sets, upper and lower, and the two sets of clamping arms (2-3-2) and connecting rods (2-3-3) are arranged at intervals in the upper and lower parts.

4. The bag holding and traction conveying device for material packaging production according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A connecting plate (2-3-4) is fixedly arranged between the movable ends (2a) of the upper and lower clamping arms (2-3-2), the bag holding plate (2-3-1) is arranged parallel to the connecting plate (2-3-4), and the bag holding plate (2-3-1) is fixedly connected to the connecting plate (2-3-4) by bolts.

5. The bag holding and traction conveying device for material packaging production according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The middle part of the arm body (2b) of the clamping arm (2-3-2) is bent inwards to form an obtuse angle.

6. The bag holding and traction conveying device for material packaging production according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The clamping plate movement mechanism (2-2-2) comprises a cylinder, the cylinder is fixedly mounted on the support frame (2-1-2), and the clamping plate (2-2-1) is vertically fixedly mounted on the end of the cylinder shaft (2c) of the cylinder.

7. The bag holding and traction conveying device for material packaging production according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The clamping plate movement mechanism (2-2-2) comprises a linear motor, the linear motor is fixedly mounted on the support frame (2-1-2), and the clamping plate (2-2-1) is vertically fixedly mounted on the end of the output shaft of the linear motor.

8. The bag holding and traction conveying device for material packaging production according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The bag holding and traction mechanism (2) further comprises a connecting bracket (2-4), wherein the connecting bracket (2-4) is arranged at the lower part of the fixed frame (1-1) of the belt conveyor mechanism (1), and the two symmetrically arranged movable brackets (2-1) are fixedly connected via the connecting bracket (2-4).

9. The bag holding and traction conveying device for material packaging production according to claim 8 is characterized in that: A synchronous belt fixing block (2-4-1) is fixedly provided on the connecting bracket (2-4), the movable bracket (2-1) is fixedly connected to the synchronous belt (2-5) via the synchronous belt fixing block (2-4-1), and the synchronous belt (2-5) is driven by a motor (2-6) and a synchronous wheel (2-7).