Parallel stem cutting and bolting type cutting device and stem cutting unit used by same

Abstract

The utility model discloses a parallel stem cutting and bolting type cutting device and a stem cutting unit used by the same, the stem cutting unit comprises a shell, and the front end of the shell is a conical part with a dredging function; a rotating wheel and a track plate are arranged in the position, behind the conical part, of the shell, a through movement track is formed in the track plate, an eccentric shaft is eccentrically installed on the rotating wheel, and the eccentric shaft is arranged in the movement track and can move along the movement track; a row of cut-off cones which are longitudinally arranged are fixed on the track plate; and the motion track has the following structure: when the rotating wheel drives the eccentric shaft to move in the motion track, the truncation cone extends out of the shell, and after extending to the farthest distance, the truncation cone stays for a period of time and then retracts. The cutting cone can cut garlic sprout cauloid by 2-3 cm, the process simulates a stem cutting and bolting method in manual picking, the bolting resistance is effectively reduced, and therefore the bolting success rate of a follow-up bolting device is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of agricultural harvesting machinery, in particular to a parallel stem-cutting and stalk-taking type cutting device and a stem-cutting unit used therein. Background Art

[0002] There are three main varieties of garlic seedlings in the market: mainly for harvesting garlic heads, mainly for harvesting garlic stalks, and for harvesting both garlic heads and garlic stalks. The third type is mainly planted in my country. Therefore, my country is not only the world's largest producer of garlic heads, but also the world's largest producer of garlic stalks, and this design mainly deals with this variety of garlic. Garlic stalks are the flower stems of garlic, which have high nutritional and health value and are an important source of income for garlic farmers. Therefore, the picking of garlic stalks is very important. Since the damage to garlic heads should be minimized as much as possible during the picking process of garlic stalks, the picking is difficult. At present, there are basically no mature research results on the mechanized harvesting technology of garlic stalks at home and abroad. Therefore, my country's garlic stalk picking is still in the stage of manual picking. Although some domestic scientific research institutions have developed a variety of garlic stalk picking devices, they have not been widely promoted and applied due to the high damage rate of garlic stalks, serious damage to garlic leaves, resulting in reduced garlic production, complex and high cost of the device, and low efficiency of garlic stalk picking. The flow operation of picking garlic stalks is mainly divided into three parts: cutting, bolting, and transportation and bundling. This structural design is used in the cutting process.

[0003] The research and development of garlic stalk harvesting machinery in my country is still in the theoretical research and development stage. At present, there are still many drawbacks in the design of the cutting part of the garlic stalk harvester.

[0004] In 2009, Guo Guisheng and others invented a stem-cutting garlic stalk harvester ( Figure 1 ), patent application number CN200910218504.X. The equipment uses a feeding roller to straighten the garlic plants and gather them into bundles, then uses a spiral knife group to perform stem-striping operations at a certain height from the ground, and finally uses a pair of bolting rollers to perform bolting operations. The machine uses a spiral knife group and a guide plate to perform stem-striping operations, and the two form a certain angle, so that garlic plants of different diameters can complete the skinning operation at different positions of the spiral knife group, and have better adaptability to the thickness of garlic. However, the spiral knife group can only cut part of the pseudostem of the garlic plant (the cutting opening is short), which will reduce the success rate of bolting of the bolting device, and only one row of garlic seedlings can be picked at a time, and the harvesting efficiency is low.

[0005] In 2017, Fan Suxiang and others invented a front-mounted garlic stalk harvester ( Figure 2), the patent application number is CN201710968015.0. With the support of the guide plate, the machine uses an intermittent needle-piercing mechanism to pierce the lower part of the garlic, and then pulls out the garlic stalks through a pair of relatively rotating rollers. The machine uses an intermittent needle-piercing mechanism to reduce damage to the pseudostem and has little effect on the subsequent growth of the garlic. However, this bolting method does not cut the pseudostem of the garlic plant, and the bolting resistance is large, which increases the possibility of the garlic stalk being pulled off. Since the pseudostem of the garlic plant is not cut, the pseudostem is likely to break during bolting, and the garlic plant will not survive, which seriously affects the yield of the garlic. Utility Model Content

[0006] The utility model aims to provide a parallel stem-cutting and stalk-pulling cutting device and a stem-cutting unit used therein, which effectively solves the problems in the background technology that the spiral knife cuts the pseudostem with a short opening, the intermittent needle-piercing mechanism fails to cut the pseudostem, and the resistance to stem pulling is large, which easily causes the garlic stalk to be pulled off.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions: a stem-cutting unit, comprising a shell, the front end of which is a tapered portion having a drainage function;

[0008] A rotating wheel and a track plate are arranged in the outer shell behind the conical part, a transparent moving track is opened on the track plate, an eccentric shaft is eccentrically mounted on the rotating wheel, and the eccentric shaft is placed in the moving track and can move along the moving track;

[0009] A row of truncated cones arranged longitudinally is fixed on the track plate;

[0010] The motion track has the following structure: when the rotating wheel moves in the motion track with the eccentric shaft, the truncated cone extends outward from the shell, stays for a period of time after extending to the farthest distance, and then retracts.

[0011] Preferably, the motion track includes a concave arc surface concentric with the rotating wheel, a convex arc surface facing the concave arc surface and convex toward the concave arc surface, and a transition surface connecting the two arc surfaces at both ends.

[0012] Preferably, a rotating shaft is installed in the center of the rotating wheel.

[0013] Preferably, the track plate is laterally slidably connected in the outer shell, and the outer shell is provided with an extension hole for the truncated cone to extend out.

[0014] Preferably, the tapered portion is a left-right asymmetric structure, and the tip of the tapered portion is offset toward the extending direction of the truncated cone.

[0015] Preferably, the truncated cone is in the shape of a cone with a pointed tip.

[0016] Preferably, there are two rotating wheels arranged in a longitudinal straight line, and the track plate has two motion tracks corresponding to the eccentric shafts on the two rotating wheels respectively.

[0017] Preferably, the rotating wheel is a gear, the two gears are meshed with each other, and the eccentric shafts on the two gears are radially arranged.

[0018] A parallel stem cutting and stalk removal type cutting device includes a stem cutting unit, characterized in that it includes a fixing plate, a plurality of stem cutting units are arranged horizontally and spaced below the fixing plate, the stem cutting units are fixed below the fixing plate through a fixing shaft, the shell side of the adjacent stem cutting unit corresponding to the truncated cone of each stem cutting unit serves as the anvil surface of the corresponding truncated cone, and an anvil matching with the truncated cone is fixed on one side of the last stem cutting unit in the extending direction of the truncated cone. The front end of the anvil is tilted outward to form a trumpet shape.

[0019] Preferably, it also includes a power motor, which drives the rotating wheel to rotate in a circle through a transmission mechanism.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0021] 1. High cutting success rate: Each unit of the cutting device is designed side by side, and the back plate of the latter mechanism acts as a baffle (cutting board) for the former mechanism. This seamless design can effectively cut the pseudostems of garlic seedlings even for irregularly planted garlic seedlings. A row of cutting cones is designed on each independent unit to reduce the error tolerance during the cutting process and improve the cutting rate;

[0022] 2. High cutting efficiency: By designing each independent unit of the cutting device side by side, the effect of cutting the stems of multiple rows of garlic seedlings together can be achieved, thus improving the cutting efficiency;

[0023] 3. Less destructive: While ensuring the rationality of the structure, the size of each independent unit is controlled to a great extent, which greatly reduces the horizontal deviation of the garlic seedlings during the stalk cutting process and has less destructive effect on the garlic seedlings;

[0024] 4. Strong stability: The purely mechanical structure design of the cut-off device is simple in structure, strong in stability and reliability, easy to maintain, and low in cost;

[0025] 5. Easy to pull out: Because the truncated cone is first inserted into the garlic seedling, and then the truncated cone remains inserted unchanged, and the truncated cone moves relative to the garlic seedling as the whole machine moves forward, the truncated cone can cut the pseudostem of the garlic seedling by 2-3cm. This process simulates the method of cutting the stem to take the stalk during manual picking, effectively reducing the resistance during bolting, thereby improving the success rate of bolting of the subsequent bolting device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the utility model installed on a garlic stalk harvester;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional diagram of a parallel stem splitting and stalk taking cutting device of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the stem-cutting unit of the utility model;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a view of a fixed shaft connected to the stem-cutting unit of the utility model;

[0031] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Partial view of the AA section view;

[0032] Figure 6 A three-dimensional diagram of the utility model of a stem-cutting unit with its shell made transparent;

[0033] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A three-dimensional diagram without the outer shell;

[0034] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the track plate of the utility model;

[0035] Fig. 9 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the running wheel of the utility model;

[0036] Fig.10 This is a view of the truncated cone in the utility model retracted into the housing;

[0037] Fig.11 This is a view of the truncated cone extending out of the housing in the utility model;

[0038] Fig.12 This is a stereoscopic view from another perspective of the parallel stem splitting and stalk taking type cutting device of the utility model;

[0039] Explanation of the reference numerals: outer shell 1, conical portion 2, rotating wheel 3, track plate 4, moving track 5, concave arc surface 501, convex arc surface 502, transition surface 503, eccentric shaft 6, truncated cone 7, rotating shaft 8, extension hole 9, fixed plate 10, fixed shaft 11, anvil plate 12, power motor 13, transmission shaft 14, driven wheel 15, driving wheel 16. Specific embodiments

[0040] The following will be combined with the attached embodiment of the utility model Figure 1-12 , the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0041] As an embodiment of the utility model, the utility model discloses a stem-cutting unit, including a rectangular shell 1, the front end of which is a conical portion 2 with a drainage function; the conical portion 2 is a left-right asymmetric structure. The tip of the conical portion 2 is offset in the direction in which the truncated cone 7 extends. The front-end drainage structure guides the garlic seedlings to the effective truncation area. This process will cause the garlic seedlings to have a horizontal displacement. Considering that the garlic seedlings may be seriously damaged due to excessive horizontal displacement, the team has controlled the size of each truncation unit to a great extent while ensuring the rationality of the structure, and designed an asymmetric drainage structure at the front end of the truncation device, so that the displacement of each plant can be as similar as possible in a limited space to reduce the horizontal displacement of the plant. The size of each truncation unit is 108mm in the transverse dimension of the shell. With the design of the asymmetric drainage structure, the maximum horizontal displacement of the garlic seedlings during the truncation process is about 60mm. After testing, this displacement can effectively protect the garlic seedlings while ensuring the stem cutting rate.

[0042] A rotating wheel 3 and a track plate 4 are arranged in the housing 1 behind the conical portion 2. A transparent moving track 5 is opened on the track plate 4. An eccentric shaft 6 is eccentrically mounted on the rotating wheel 3. The eccentric shaft 6 is placed in the moving track 5 and can move along the moving track 5.

[0043] A row of truncated cones 7 arranged in a longitudinal direction is fixed on the track plate 4;

[0044] The motion track 5 includes a concave arc surface 501 concentric with the runner 3, a convex arc surface 502 protruding toward the concave arc surface 501 opposite to the concave arc surface 501, and a transition surface 503 where the two arc surfaces are connected at both ends. The motion track 5 structure realizes the following functions: when the runner 3 moves with the eccentric shaft 6 in the motion track 5, the truncated cone 7 extends toward the outside of the shell 1, stays for a period of time after extending to the farthest distance, and then retracts. The center of the concave arc surface 501 is concentrically arranged with the rotation center of the runner 3. Due to the concentric arrangement of the concave arc surface, the eccentric shaft 6 can play an intermittent effect when it is in the concave arc surface, that is, the truncated cone 7 is stationary at this time. When the eccentric shaft runs to the convex arc surface, the truncated cone retracts into the shell.

[0045] A rotating shaft 8 is installed in the center of the rotating wheel 3, and the rotating wheel 3 is fixed on the rotating shaft 8. The rotating shaft 8 is used as a transmission power to drive the rotating wheel 3 to rotate through the rotation of the rotating shaft 8. The rotating shaft 8 is rotatably connected to the housing 1.

[0046] The housing 1 is provided with a protrusion hole 9 for the truncated cone 7 to protrude. The protrusion holes 9 may correspond to the number of the truncated cones 7, and each truncated cone 7 protrudes from the corresponding protrusion hole 9. The protrusion hole 9 may also be a long hole, and all truncated cones 7 protrude from this long hole. Slide grooves are provided on both longitudinal sides of the housing 1, and the two ends of the track plate 4 are slidably fitted in the slide grooves. Since the truncated cone corresponds to the cutting board surface, when the truncated cone is extended and pierced into the garlic sprout, the garlic sprout is blocked by the cutting board surface. At this time, the depth of the truncated cone piercing into the garlic sprout is controlled by the distance from the cutting board surface after extension. We can adjust the distance between the truncated cone and the cutting board surface when the truncated cone protrudes outward to the maximum distance according to actual conditions to control the depth of the piercing into the garlic sprout. For example, when the truncated cone is in the center of the garlic sprout, the truncated cone 7 protrudes and penetrates into the garlic sprout by about 1.5 cm. As the optimal extension amount of the truncated cone of the utility model, the distance between the maximum extension amount of the truncated cone and the cutting board surface is equal to the radius of the garlic sprout at the truncation point minus the radius of the garlic moss.

[0047] The truncated cone 7 is a conical shape with a pointed end at the head, and the pointed end of the truncated cone 7 is convenient for piercing into the garlic sprout.

[0048] There are two rotating wheels 3 arranged in a longitudinal straight line, and the track plate 4 has two moving tracks 5 corresponding to the eccentric shafts 6 on the two rotating wheels 3. The two eccentric shafts 6 are driven by the two rotating wheels 3 to drive the telescopic movement of the track plate 4, so that the track plate 4 is balanced in force and is not easy to get stuck during the movement. As an embodiment of the arrangement of the rotating wheel 3, the rotating wheel 3 is a gear, the two gears are meshed with each other, and the eccentric shafts 6 on the two gears are radially arranged. Both gears are connected with a rotating shaft 8, and the rotating shaft 8 of one of the gears is used to connect the power motor through a transmission mechanism. Due to the characteristics of gear meshing, the two gears have opposite directions of rotation, which requires the eccentric shaft 6 to be radially arranged so that the two eccentric shafts 6 are guaranteed to extend or retract in the same direction toward the track plate 4 when driving the moving track 5. Of course, as another embodiment, the rotating wheel 3 can also be a synchronous pulley, and the two synchronous pulleys are connected through a synchronous belt. At this time, the two synchronous pulleys also select a rotating shaft 8 of a synchronous pulley to be connected to the power motor 13 through a transmission mechanism. At this time, the eccentric shafts 6 at the bottom of the two synchronous pulleys are arranged in the same direction.

[0049] The utility model is a parallel stem cutting and stalk cutting device composed of multiple cutting units, including a fixed plate 10, a plurality of stem cutting units are arranged horizontally and spaced below the fixed plate 10, and the stem cutting units are fixed below the fixed plate 10 through a fixed shaft 11. The side of the housing 1 of the adjacent stem cutting unit corresponding to the truncated cone 7 of each stem cutting unit serves as the cutting board surface of the corresponding truncated cone 7, and a cutting board 12 matched with the truncated cone 7 is fixed on one side of the last stem cutting unit in the extending direction of the truncated cone 7. In this embodiment, the fixed plate 10 is used to be connected to the front end of the garlic stalk harvester, and the fixed shaft 11 can be a cylindrical shape with both ends transparent, and a transmission shaft 14 is rotatably arranged inside the fixed shaft 11, and the transmission shaft 14 is coaxially connected to a rotating shaft 8 to drive the driving rotating shaft 8 to rotate.

[0050] It also includes a power motor 13, which drives the rotating wheel 3 to rotate in a circle through a transmission mechanism. As an embodiment, the transmission shaft 14 penetrates the fixed plate 10 upward, and a plurality of transmission shafts 14 are provided with a driven wheel 15. Preferably, the driven wheel 15 can be a gear, and a plurality of driven gears are meshed with each other. The power motor is provided with a driving wheel 16, which can also be a gear. One of the driven gears is selected to mesh with the driving gear, so that the power motor drives the truncated cone 7 to do intermittent motion. As for the meshing of multiple driven gears, the adjacent driven gears will turn in opposite directions, which will cause the related adjacent truncated cones 7 to extend or retract in opposite directions. However, even if they are opposite, the overall truncation effect of the garlic sprouts will not be affected. If the truncated cones 7 of the two adjacent units are to extend or retract in the same direction, the eccentric shafts 6 of the two adjacent units can be set radially. Of course, the driving wheel and the driven wheel part in the transmission mechanism can also use chains, sprockets or synchronous belts, synchronous wheels, etc., and this part has a variety of replacement methods in the prior art.

[0051] During operation, the motor drives the power shaft of the truncated cone 7 to rotate, and through the cooperation of the intermittent mechanism, the truncated cone 7 realizes intermittent reciprocating motion. When the truncated cone 7 extends and penetrates into the garlic seedling by about 1.5 cm, it begins to enter the intermittent stage. As the whole machine continues to move forward, relative movement occurs between the garlic seedling plant and the truncated cone 7, so that the truncated cone 7 can cut the pseudostem of the garlic seedling by 2-3 cm. This design simulates the method of cutting the stems and taking the stalks in manual picking, effectively reducing the resistance during bolting, thereby improving the success rate of bolting of subsequent bolting devices. Considering that during the needle piercing process, when the garlic seedlings are pierced by the truncated cone 7, they need to rely on the support force to ensure the smooth progress of the needle piercing process. Therefore, we design each unit of the truncation device side by side, and the back plate of the latter unit acts as a baffle (cutting board), which reduces the horizontal displacement of the garlic seedlings and protects the garlic stalks; the design of seamless connection between units solves the problem that garlic seedlings are difficult to harvest due to irregular planting. The front-end guiding structure guides the garlic seedlings to the effective truncation area. This process will cause the garlic seedlings to have a horizontal displacement. Considering that the garlic seedlings may be seriously damaged due to excessive horizontal displacement, the team has controlled the size of each truncation unit to a great extent while ensuring the rationality of the structure. An asymmetric guiding structure is designed at the front end of the truncation device so that the displacement of each plant can be as same as possible in a limited space to reduce the horizontal displacement of the plant. The size of each truncation unit is 108mm. With the design of the asymmetric guiding structure, the maximum horizontal displacement of the garlic seedlings during the truncation process is about 60mm. After testing, this displacement can effectively protect the garlic seedlings while ensuring the stalk cutting rate. At the joint of the intermittent device power shaft 8 and the truncation cone 7, a replaceable friction-reducing nylon wheel is set to reduce the friction loss during the operation of the mechanism. The design of the replaceable friction-reducing nylon wheel reduces the use cost of the machine and conforms to the concept of green and sustainable development. The distance between the two truncated cones 7 is less than the diameter of the garlic stalk, and twice the distance between the two truncated cones 7 is greater than the diameter of the garlic stalk.

[0052] A unique and innovative intermittent device is adopted, in which the motor drives the power shaft of the truncated cone 7 to rotate, thereby realizing the movement of the friction-reducing nylon wheel along the specified track, and finally driving the truncated cone 7 to realize intermittent reciprocating motion.

[0053] The key technologies are:

[0054] 1. A unique and innovative intermittent device is used to drive the power shaft of the truncation device to rotate through a motor, so that the intermittent device wheel moves along a specified track, and finally drives the truncation cone 7 to achieve intermittent reciprocating motion.

[0055] 2. A side-by-side design method is adopted, and the back plate of the latter mechanism is used as the baffle of the former mechanism, so that the space is fully utilized. When space conditions permit, the size and number of each cut-off device unit are controlled to the greatest extent.

[0056] 3. The innovative intermittent device housing 1 is designed with an asymmetric drainage structure at the front end of the cutting device, so that the offset of each plant can be as similar as possible within a limited space, so as to reduce the horizontal offset of the plant and also play a drainage role for the garlic seedlings.

[0057] The utility model stem cutting scheme includes two processes:

[0058] 1. Stem tying process

[0059] The garlic seedlings are distributed to a specific cutting device unit through the protrusion (guiding part) in front of the cutting device housing 1. The motor drives the cutting device power shaft to rotate, causing the cutting cone 7 to make intermittent reciprocating motion. The cutting cone 7 extends out and penetrates into the pseudostem of the garlic seedlings, thereby achieving an artificial stem-binding process.

[0060] 2. Stem cutting process

[0061] When the truncated cone 7 extends out and pierces the pseudostem of the garlic seedling, it begins to pause (at this time, the truncated cone 7 does not move axially and stays for a period of time, the length of which is determined by the rotation speed of the motion track 5 and the eccentric shaft 6). As the whole vehicle continues to move forward, the garlic seedling plant and the truncated cone 7 move relative to each other, causing the truncated cone 7 to cut a 2-3 cm incision in the pseudostem of the garlic seedling, thereby reducing the resistance to bolting and increasing the probability of the garlic stem being pulled out, thereby achieving a simulation of the artificial bolting process.

Claims

1. A stem-cutting unit, comprising a housing (1), characterized in that: The front end of the housing (1) is a tapered portion (2) having a drainage function; A rotating wheel (3) and a track plate (4) are arranged in the housing (1) behind the conical portion (2); a transparent moving track (5) is provided on the track plate (4); an eccentric shaft (6) is eccentrically mounted on the rotating wheel (3); the eccentric shaft (6) is placed in the moving track (5) and can move along the moving track (5); A row of truncated cones (7) arranged in a longitudinal direction is fixed on the track plate (4); The moving track (5) has the following structure: when the rotating wheel (3) moves with the eccentric shaft (6) in the moving track (5), the truncated cone (7) extends outward from the outer shell (1), stays for a period of time after extending to the farthest distance, and then retracts.

2. A stem-splitting unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The motion track (5) comprises a concave arc surface (501) concentric with the rotating wheel (3), a convex arc surface (502) opposite to the concave arc surface (501) and convex toward the concave arc surface (501), and a transition surface (503) connecting the two arc surfaces at both ends.

3. A stem-splitting unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: A rotating shaft (8) is installed in the center of the rotating wheel (3).

4. A stem-splitting unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The track plate (4) is laterally slidably connected in the outer shell (1), and the outer shell (1) is provided with an extension hole (9) for the truncated cone (7) to extend out.

5. A stem-splitting unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tapered portion (2) is a left-right asymmetrical structure.

6. A stem-splitting unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The truncated cone (7) is in the shape of a cone with a pointed tip.

7. A stem-splitting unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two rotating wheels (3) arranged in a longitudinal straight line, and the track plate (4) has two moving tracks (5) corresponding to the eccentric shafts (6) on the two rotating wheels (3).

8. A stem-splitting unit according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rotating wheel (3) is a gear, the two gears are meshed with each other, and the eccentric shafts (6) on the two gears are arranged radially.

9. A parallel stem-cutting and stalk-taking cutting device, comprising a stem-cutting unit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: It comprises a fixed plate (10), a plurality of stem cutting units are arranged at intervals below the fixed plate (10), and the stem cutting units are fixed below the fixed plate (10) via a fixed shaft (11). The side of the housing (1) of the adjacent stem cutting unit corresponding to the truncated cone (7) of each stem cutting unit serves as the chopping board surface of the truncated cone (7), and a chopping board (12) matching with the truncated cone (7) is fixed to one side of the last stem cutting unit in the extending direction of the truncated cone (7).

10. The parallel stem splitting and stalk taking cutting device according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes a power motor (13), which drives the rotating wheel (3) to rotate in a circular motion through a transmission mechanism.

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