Electric control speed change structure driven by machine tool spindle gearbox belt

Abstract

The utility model discloses an electric control speed change structure of a machine tool spindle gearbox belt drive, and relates to the technical field of drilling machine and milling and drilling machine spindle gearbox drive. The transverse pushing power unit is mounted on the spindle box; the guide assembly is mounted on the spindle box, and the guide assembly is parallel to the pushing direction of the transverse pushing power unit; the sliding plate is movably mounted on the guide assembly, and the sliding plate is connected with the power end of the transverse pushing power unit; the driving unit is mounted on the sliding plate; the variable-diameter driving wheel assembly is mounted at the output end of the driving unit; and the driven wheel is mounted on a main shaft of the main shaft box, and the driven wheel is connected with the variable-diameter driving wheel assembly through a belt. The technical problems that an existing belt drive is low in gear shifting efficiency and small in speed changing range are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of main shaft gearbox transmission of drilling machines and milling and drilling machines, in particular to an electronically controlled speed change structure of a main shaft gearbox belt drive of a machine tool. Background Art

[0002] Traditional drilling and milling machines are mainly composed of spindle boxes (gearboxes), work tables, bases, columns and other mechanisms. During the processing, due to the different tools used and the different materials of the workpieces, the spindle needs to achieve different rotation speeds. The commonly used speed change structures are roughly divided into three types: gearbox speed change, pulley speed change and adjustable speed motor speed change.

[0003] Regarding belt drive speed change, the commonly used pulley speed change is generally a traditional pagoda pulley. This type of pulley is divided into several groove gears with different diameters arranged from small to large from the top to the bottom, which is used to install the belt; usually 2-3 pulleys are grouped together, divided into a driving wheel, an intermediate wheel (optional), and a driven wheel; two adjacent pagoda wheels are installed one upright and the other inverted, and the diameter matching relationship of the groove gears is: small-large, medium-medium, large-small. By changing the gear position of the belt on the pagoda wheel, the transmission ratio between the driving wheel and the driven wheel is changed to achieve the speed change of the main shaft; the speed regulation method of this type of transmission is cumbersome, changing gears is time-consuming, and only a few fixed speeds can be used, and the speed change range is too small. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model aims to provide an electronically controlled speed change structure of a machine tool spindle gearbox belt drive, which solves the technical problems of low shifting efficiency and small speed change range of belt drive in the prior art.

[0005] The embodiment of the present application discloses an electronically controlled speed change structure of a machine tool spindle gearbox belt drive, comprising:

[0006] Headstock;

[0007] A lateral thrust unit is installed on the spindle box;

[0008] A guide assembly is installed on the spindle box, and the guide assembly is parallel to the pushing direction of the lateral thrust unit;

[0009] A slide plate, movably mounted on the guide assembly, and the slide plate is connected to the power end of the lateral thrust unit;

[0010] A driving unit, mounted on the slide;

[0011] A variable diameter driving wheel assembly, installed at the output end of the driving unit;

[0012] The driven wheel is installed on the main shaft of the main shaft box, and the driven wheel is connected with the variable diameter driving wheel assembly through a belt.

[0013] The present application is provided with a lateral thrust force unit to drive the driving unit to move laterally. Combined with the subsequent belt, it can realize the adjustment of the variable diameter driving wheel assembly, thereby realizing the adjustment of the driven wheel speed, which becomes a speed adjustment.

[0014] Based on the above technical solution, the embodiment of the present application can also be improved as follows:

[0015] Furthermore, the variable diameter driving wheel assembly comprises:

[0016] Two sub-wheel discs are axially spaced apart from each other along the output end of the driving unit;

[0017] Two assembly covers are installed at intervals at the output end of the driving unit, and the wheel disc is arranged between the assembly covers;

[0018] At least two telescopic springs are respectively arranged between the impeller disc and the assembly cover. The beneficial effect of this step is that the distance between the impeller discs can be adjusted by the telescopic springs, thereby achieving the purpose of diameter change.

[0019] Furthermore, the inner end surfaces of the two wheel discs are divided into a first section and a second section, the first section and the second section are transitionally connected, the second section is located on a side of the first section away from the output end of the drive unit, and the second section is an inclined section. The beneficial effect of adopting this step is that by designing the inner end surfaces of the wheel discs, the adjustment effect can be better guaranteed.

[0020] Furthermore, the second sections of the two wheel discs are brought closer inwards. The beneficial effect of adopting this step is that the adjustment of the variable diameter is facilitated by bringing them closer inwards.

[0021] Furthermore, the diameter of the driven wheel is larger than the diameter of the output end of the driving unit. The beneficial effect of adopting this step is to ensure the subsequent speed change effect by limiting the diameter.

[0022] Furthermore, the diameter of the driven wheel is smaller than the diameter of the sub-wheel disc. The beneficial effect of adopting this step is the same. The restriction on the diameter can ensure the effect of subsequent speed change.

[0023] Furthermore, the driven wheel is a single groove pulley, and the beneficial effect of adopting this step is to ensure that it cooperates with the belt.

[0024] Furthermore, the driving unit is an asynchronous motor. The beneficial effect of adopting this step is to facilitate subsequent power output through the asynchronous motor.

[0025] Furthermore, the lateral thrust unit is an electric push rod. The beneficial effect of adopting this step is to provide lateral thrust through the electric push rod.

[0026] Furthermore, the guide assembly comprises:

[0027] Two fixed blocks are installed on the spindle box at intervals;

[0028] A guide rod, both ends of which are respectively connected to the fixing block;

[0029] The slide plate is slidably mounted on the guide rod, and the slide plate is connected to the output end of the lateral thrust unit. The drive unit is mounted on the slide plate. The beneficial effect of this step is that stable movement can be achieved through the slide plate and the guide rod.

[0030] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0031] 1. The present application sets up a variable diameter driving wheel assembly, and in combination with a non-variable diameter driven wheel, can achieve stepless speed change.

[0032] 2. Compared with the traditional pagoda wheel speed change, this application has the characteristics of simpler operation, higher efficiency, and a wider range of optional speeds. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional view of an electronically controlled speed-changing structure of a machine tool spindle gearbox belt drive according to a specific embodiment of the utility model;

[0035] Figure 2 It is another structural schematic diagram of an electronically controlled speed-changing structure of a machine tool spindle gearbox belt drive according to a specific embodiment of the utility model;

[0036] 1-spindle box; 2-transverse driving force unit; 3-guide assembly; 4-slide plate; 5-drive unit; 6-variable driving wheel assembly; 7-driven wheel; 8-belt;

[0037] 301-fixed block; 302-guide rod; 303-slide plate;

[0038] 601-wheel disc; 602-assembly cover; 603-telescopic spring; 604-first section; 605-second section. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the utility model are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the utility model, and are therefore only used as examples, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the utility model.

[0040] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this application should have the common meanings understood by technicians in the field to which the utility model belongs.

[0041] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", "fixation" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0042] In order to better understand the above technical solution, the above technical solution will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0043] Example:

[0044] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the present application discloses an electronically controlled speed change structure of a machine tool spindle gearbox belt drive, which realizes the diameter change of the driving wheel through the internal structure, thereby realizing speed adjustment.

[0045] The specific structure of this application includes:

[0046] The spindle box 1 is specifically applied to the spindle gearbox transmission of a drilling machine and a milling and drilling machine. Therefore, the spindle box 1 is an existing spindle box and will not be described in detail here.

[0047] A lateral thrust force unit 2 is installed on the spindle box 1. The lateral thrust force unit 2 is used as a power source for subsequent diameter change and is mainly used to provide power for lateral movement.

[0048] A guide assembly 3 is installed on the spindle box 1, and the guide assembly 3 is parallel to the pushing direction of the lateral thrust unit 2. The guide assembly 3 is used to limit the direction of movement to ensure that the direction can be constant during subsequent adjustments, thereby ensuring the consistency of the adjustments, thereby ensuring the stability of the entire machine tool in the subsequent adjustments;

[0049] A slide plate 4 is movably mounted on the guide assembly 3, and the slide plate 4 is connected to the power end of the lateral thrust unit 2, and the slide plate 4 slides along the guide assembly 3 under the push of the lateral thrust unit 2;

[0050] The driving unit 5 is installed on the slide plate 4, that is, the driving unit 5 moves along with the slide plate;

[0051] A variable diameter driving wheel assembly 6 is installed at the output end of the driving unit 5;

[0052] The driven wheel 7 is mounted on the main shaft of the main shaft box 1, and the driven wheel 7 is connected to the variable diameter driving wheel assembly 6 through a belt 8, and the belt 8 is a rubber belt.

[0053] To further explain the movement mode of the present application, the driving unit 5 is a power source, which is used to provide power to drive the variable diameter driving wheel assembly 6 to move, and through the belt 8, to realize the rotation of the driven wheel 7; when speed regulation is required, the lateral force unit 2 is pushed, and the driving unit 5 moves accordingly. At this time, driven by the belt, the diameter of the variable diameter driving wheel assembly 6 begins to change, and the rotation speed of the driven wheel 7 is changed, and finally the purpose of speed regulation is achieved.

[0054] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 As shown, the variable diameter driving wheel assembly 6 includes:

[0055] Two sub-wheel discs 601 are arranged axially at intervals along the output end of the driving unit 5;

[0056] Two assembly covers 602 are installed at intervals at the output end of the driving unit 5, and the wheel disc 601 is arranged between the assembly covers 602;

[0057] At least two telescopic springs 603 are respectively arranged between the sub-wheel disc 601 and the assembly cover 602; the sub-wheel disc 601 in the present application is movably assembled with the output end of the driving unit 5, and the driving unit 5 is equipped with a sliding shaft as the output end. At the same time, the telescopic springs 603 can be used to adjust the spacing of the sub-wheel disc 601.

[0058] The inner end surfaces of the two wheel discs 601 are divided into a first section 604 and a second section 605, the first section 604 and the second section 605 are transitionally connected, the second section 605 is located on a side of the first section 604 away from the output end of the driving unit 5, and the second section 605 is an inclined section; specifically, the second sections 605 of the two wheel discs 601 are close to each other.

[0059] The structure of the wheel disc 601 is further explained. In order to ensure that the subsequent change in the diameter of the driving wheel can be carried out stably, an inclined surface is provided on the inner end surface of the wheel disc 601. In this way, when the belt is tightened, it can be adjusted stably to avoid the suddenness of the gap adjustment of the wheel disc 601.

[0060] Among them, the diameter of the driven wheel 7 is larger than the diameter of the output end of the driving unit 5. At the same time, the diameter of the driven wheel 7 is smaller than the diameter of the minute wheel disc 601. Because this side of the minute wheel disc 601 is the power source, the diameter of the driven wheel 7 has a certain size compared with the driven wheel 7 to achieve acceleration and deceleration of the entire main shaft. Therefore, the diameter of the driven wheel 7 needs to be designed.

[0061] Specifically, the driven wheel 7 is a single-groove pulley, which may be an existing pulley.

[0062] Specifically, the driving unit 5 is an asynchronous motor, which serves as a power output source.

[0063] The lateral thrust unit 2 is an electric push rod, and other power components may also be selected, as long as corresponding power is provided.

[0064] Wherein, the guide assembly 3 comprises:

[0065] Two fixing blocks 301 are installed at intervals on the spindle box 1, namely, they are divided into front and rear fixing blocks, one of which can be used to install the lateral thrust unit 2;

[0066] A guide rod 302, both ends of which are connected to the fixing block 301 respectively;

[0067] The slide plate 303 is slidably mounted on the guide rod 302, and the slide plate 4 is connected to the output end of the lateral thrust unit 2. The drive unit 5 is mounted on the slide plate 4, that is, the guide rod 302 is used to provide the direction of movement.

[0068] The structure of this application is further described as follows:

[0069] The variable diameter driving wheel assembly in the present application is variable, including a pulley of variable diameter, which is composed of an upper and lower wheel disc 601 with a through hole in the middle, and a sliding shaft is provided in the middle part, and the two divided wheel discs 601 can freely move up and down on the sliding shaft; after the sliding shaft and the divided wheel disc 601 are assembled, compression springs are provided at both ends to press the two divided wheel discs 601 to the center position of the sliding shaft in a free state; when the center of the divided wheel disc 601 is subjected to force, the two wheel discs gradually open, and when the force is lost, they gradually close due to the reaction force of the compression spring;

[0070] The driven wheel 7 is a single groove pulley with a fixed diameter; it is connected to the main shaft of the machine tool to drive the main shaft to rotate; the asynchronous motor is used as the power output source of the driving wheel; the electric push rod is an electronically controlled speed-changing action element; it is connected to the motor to drive the asynchronous motor to do reciprocating motion;

[0071] Among them, the guide assembly consists of four parts, a front fixed block, a guide rod * 2, a slide plate, and a rear fixed block; the front fixed block is fixed at the middle position of the spindle box 1, and is used to fix the front end of the guide rod and the fixed end of the electric push rod; the rear fixed block is installed at the tail end of the spindle box, and is used to fix the tail end of the guide rod; the middle of the slide plate 4 is hollowed out, and the motor shaft of the asynchronous motor passes through the hollow hole and is fixed at the lower end of the slide plate. Two through holes are provided on both sides of the slide plate, and two guide rods pass through the holes and are fixed at both ends in two fixed blocks respectively. The slide plate can move freely on the guide rod with the asynchronous motor, and at the same time, the telescopic end of the electric push rod is fixed on the slide plate. When the telescopic end of the electric push rod performs telescopic movement, it drives the slide plate and the motor to move on the guide rod at the same time.

[0072] The present application can also be connected to the electronic control part; used to control the start and stop of the asynchronous motor, the extension and retraction of the electric push rod, and other circuit control and protection functions;

[0073] When changing the speed of a traditional pagoda pulley, the machine needs to be stopped, the belt cover opened, the pulley tensioner loosened, the pulley label checked to find the gear position of the required speed, the conveyor belt position changed, the pulley tensioner tightened, the belt cover closed, and the machine restarted;

[0074] This application only requires one action to press the speed adjustment button, and it only takes 8 seconds at the slowest to switch to the full range of speeds, and it can be switched directly without shutting down the machine, eliminating this series of operations;

[0075] At the same time, the present application adopts an asynchronous motor, which has the characteristics of more stable torque and higher cost performance compared with the stepless speed-changing motor (the most common one is the variable frequency motor) realized by electronic control;

[0076] The variable frequency motor uses a frequency converter to change the power supply frequency to change the motor speed. Its characteristics are that the medium frequency has the highest output efficiency and the largest output torque, while there will be a significant decrease at the low and high frequency ends, in the form of peak waves, high in the middle and low at both ends. This design uses an asynchronous motor with higher energy efficiency and more stable output torque.

[0077] Secondly, the cost of electronic control components of electronically controlled variable speed motors is relatively high. For application scenarios with EMC requirements, additional EMS EMI components are required, such as reactors, filters, etc. This design can also achieve the same effect and has certain price advantages in terms of cost.

[0078] Description of the working process of this application:

[0079] When the present application is started, the driving unit 5 drives the divided wheel disc 601 to rotate, and the divided wheel disc 601 drives the driven wheel 7 to rotate through the belt 8, and the driven wheel 7 drives the main shaft to rotate;

[0080] When the main shaft needs to accelerate, the electronic control part controls the lateral thrust unit 2 (electric push rod) to retract, and the telescopic end of the lateral thrust unit 2 (electric push rod) drives the slide plate 4 and the driving unit to move to the middle position of the box on the guide rail. At this time, the center distance between the driven wheel and the split wheel disc 601 becomes smaller, and the tension of the transmission belt originally acting on the middle of the active pulley disappears. The split wheel disc 601 slowly closes under the reaction force of the compression springs at both ends. At this time, the diameter of the contact surface between the split wheel disc 601 and the transmission belt also slowly increases, while the driven wheel has a fixed diameter. At this time, the large wheel drives the small wheel, so that the rotation speed of the driven wheel is accelerated, achieving the effect of accelerating the main shaft.

[0081] When the main shaft needs to slow down, the electric push rod is controlled by the electronic control part to extend, and the telescopic end of the electric push rod drives the slide plate and the motor to move toward the tail end of the box on the guide rail. At this time, the center distance between the driven wheel and the sub-wheel disc becomes larger. Because the transmission belt is of fixed length, the middle part of the sub-wheel disc is forced to be stressed, and the upper and lower wheels of the sub-wheel disc slowly open, and the compression springs at both ends slowly shrink. At this time, the diameter of the contact surface between the sub-wheel disc and the transmission belt also slowly decreases, and the driven wheel is a fixed diameter. At this time, the small wheel drives the small wheel, which slows down the rotation speed of the driven wheel, thereby achieving the effect of slowing down the main shaft.

[0082] The electronic control part of this application is equipped with two buttons for acceleration and deceleration. When the button is pressed and held, the push rod is powered and starts to extend and retract. When the button is released, the push rod loses power and stops immediately and locks to the current state. The entire extension and retraction movement of the push rod takes about 8 seconds, and it can be stopped at any time during the process. In theory, the operator can select any speed within the speed range.

[0083] In the specification of the present utility model, a lot of specific details are described. However, it is understood that the embodiments of the present utility model can be practiced without these specific details. In some examples, well-known methods, structures and techniques are not shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0084] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the utility model. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0085] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model, rather than to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. These modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the utility model, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the utility model.

Claims

1. An electronically controlled speed change structure of a machine tool spindle gearbox belt drive, characterized in that: include: Headstock; A lateral thrust unit is installed on the spindle box; A guide assembly is installed on the spindle box, and the guide assembly is parallel to the pushing direction of the lateral thrust unit; A slide plate, movably mounted on the guide assembly, and the slide plate is connected to the power end of the lateral thrust unit; A driving unit, mounted on the slide; A variable diameter driving wheel assembly, installed at the output end of the driving unit; The driven wheel is installed on the main shaft of the main shaft box, and the driven wheel is connected with the variable diameter driving wheel assembly through a belt.

2. The electronically controlled speed change structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variable diameter driving wheel assembly comprises: Two sub-wheel discs are arranged axially at intervals along the output end of the driving unit; Two assembly covers are installed at intervals at the output end of the driving unit, and the wheel disc is arranged between the assembly covers; At least two telescopic springs are respectively arranged between the minute wheel disc and the assembly cover.

3. The electronically controlled speed change structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner end surfaces of the two wheel discs are divided into a first section and a second section, the first section and the second section are transitionally connected, the second section is located on a side of the first section away from the output end of the drive unit, and the second section is an inclined section.

4. The electronically controlled speed change structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second sections of the two wheel discs are moved inwardly.

5. The electronically controlled speed change structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The diameter of the driven wheel is greater than the diameter of the output end of the driving unit.

6. The electronically controlled speed change structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The diameter of the driven wheel is smaller than the diameter of the wheel disc.

7. The electronically controlled speed change structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driven wheel is a single groove pulley.

8. The electronically controlled speed change structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving unit is an asynchronous motor.

9. The electronically controlled speed change structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lateral thrust unit is an electric push rod.

10. The electronically controlled speed change structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide assembly comprises: Two fixed blocks are installed on the spindle box at intervals; A guide rod, both ends of which are respectively connected to the fixing block; A slide plate is slidably mounted on the guide rod, and the slide plate is connected to the output end of the lateral thrust unit, and the drive unit is mounted on the slide plate.

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