Multifunctional additive manufacturing equipment

Abstract

Multifunctional additive manufacturing equipment comprises a forming cylinder, a powder supply cylinder, a powder overflow cylinder, a first driving mechanism and a second driving mechanism, a small forming cylinder is embedded in the forming cylinder, and a small powder supply cylinder is embedded in the powder supply cylinder; the small forming cylinder comprises a heating cylinder body, a small base plate, a small bottom plate and a first support, the heating cylinder body is of a hollow structure, and the small bottom plate is installed on the bottom plate of the forming cylinder through the first support and can ascend or descend in the hollow structure of the heating cylinder body; a cavity is formed in the cylinder wall of the heating cylinder body from bottom to top and divides the cylinder wall into an inner cylinder body wall and an outer cylinder body wall, heating assemblies are arranged on the inner cylinder body wall and the small bottom plate, a heat dissipation assembly is arranged in the outer cylinder body wall, and the cavity is filled with heat preservation materials. And the small powder supply cylinder is mounted on the bottom plate of the powder supply cylinder through a second bracket. According to the utility model, the small forming cylinder (including the small substrate) is heated to an extremely high temperature, and temperature overflow is inhibited while high temperature is maintained through the thermal insulation material and the heat dissipation assembly, so that the printing quality and precision of parts are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and specifically relates to multifunctional additive manufacturing equipment. Background Art

[0002] Additive manufacturing technology is an advanced manufacturing technology with distinctive features such as digital manufacturing, high flexibility and adaptability, direct CAD model drive, fast, and rich and diverse material types. Since it is not limited by the complexity of the part shape and does not require any tooling and molds, it has a very wide range of applications. Additive manufacturing technology uses powder materials as raw materials and uses lasers to scan the cross-section of three-dimensional entities layer by layer to complete prototype manufacturing. Its basic working process is: the powder feeding device delivers a certain amount of powder to the working platform surface, the powder spreading device spreads a layer of powder material on the bottom plate of the forming cylinder or the upper surface of the formed part, and the laser galvanometer system controls the laser to scan the solid part powder layer with an approximately constant spot size and beam energy according to the cross-sectional profile of the layer, so that the powder melts and bonds with the formed part below; when a layer of cross section is sintered, the working platform drops a layer of thickness, and the powder spreading device spreads a layer of uniform and dense powder on it, and scans and sinters a new layer of cross section, and after several layers of scanning and superposition, the entire prototype manufacturing is completed.

[0003] In the above-mentioned additive manufacturing technologies, temperature is crucial to printing quality and printing materials. High temperature can preheat metal powder, thereby reducing the demand for laser power, and can also improve metallographic structure and enhance material properties. This is especially important for titanium alloy powders, ceramic powders, and high melting point powders. At present, conventional powder bed printing generally uses substrate heating to preheat the powder. Heat can only be transferred at a certain thickness, and all powders cannot reach a uniform high temperature. In addition, high temperature may cause temperature overflow and enhanced thermal radiation, affecting other internal devices, such as fans, motors, etc. Therefore, this is also a big reason why the cylinder of current additive manufacturing equipment cannot achieve high-temperature heating.

[0004] Moreover, current additive manufacturing equipment (also known as 3D printing equipment) generally has only one specification of cylinder, that is, one specification of powder supply cylinder and one specification of forming cylinder. If the cylinder of this specification is small in area, it can only print small parts, but cannot bear the printing of large parts; if the cylinder area is large, then the printing of small parts may result in a large amount of powder residue, which may cause quality deterioration or even scrap after high-temperature sintering. The materials currently used for 3D printing, especially metal powder materials, are generally expensive, which greatly increases the waste of powder, that is, increases the cost of 3D printing. Therefore, the current additive manufacturing equipment has a single function and its application is greatly limited. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art, the utility model provides a multifunctional additive manufacturing device, which can heat a small forming cylinder and a small substrate to an extremely high temperature, and maintain the high temperature while suppressing temperature overflow through thermal insulation materials and heat dissipation components, thereby improving the printing quality and accuracy of parts, reducing the risk of interlayer cracks and peeling, and enhancing the structural integrity and mechanical properties of printed parts; helping to reduce residual stress and reduce the risk of deformation and cracking of parts caused by excessive temperature difference between the molten part and the powder part; and can also expand the range of available materials, so that some high-melting-point metal materials can be 3D printed.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides a multifunctional additive manufacturing device, comprising a forming cylinder, at least one powder supply cylinder, at least one overflow powder cylinder, a first driving mechanism for driving the bottom plate of the forming cylinder to move upward or downward, and a second driving mechanism for driving the bottom plate of the powder supply cylinder to move upward or downward, characterized in that a small forming cylinder is embedded in the forming cylinder through a first connecting plate, and a small powder supply cylinder is embedded in the powder supply cylinder through a second connecting plate;

[0007] The small forming cylinder comprises a heating cylinder body, a small base plate, a small bottom plate and a first bracket, the small base plate is fixed on the small bottom plate, the heating cylinder body is a hollow structure, the small bottom plate is mounted on the bottom plate of the forming cylinder through the first bracket, and can be driven by the first driving mechanism to perform an ascending or descending movement in the hollow structure of the heating cylinder body; a cavity is opened from bottom to top on the cylinder wall of the heating cylinder body, the cavity separates the cylinder wall into an inner cylinder body wall and an outer cylinder body wall, the inner cylinder body wall and the small bottom plate are provided with a heating component, the outer cylinder body wall is provided with a heat dissipation component, and the cavity is filled with a heat insulation material;

[0008] The small powder supply cylinder is mounted on the bottom plate of the powder supply cylinder through a second bracket; wherein,

[0009] When large parts need to be printed, the small forming cylinder, the first connecting plate, the small powder supply cylinder and the second connecting plate are taken out from the forming cylinder and the powder supply cylinder respectively, and the base plate is installed on the bottom plate of the forming cylinder so that the printing of large parts can be completed by the forming cylinder and the powder supply cylinder.

[0010] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multifunctional additive manufacturing equipment further comprises at least one small powder overflow cylinder, which is arranged in the forming cylinder through a first connecting plate and is located on the side of the small forming cylinder.

[0011] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heating assembly includes a plurality of heating devices, thermocouples, power cords connected to the heating devices, and grooves for installing the heating devices and the thermocouples. The grooves are arranged on the wall of the inner cylinder body and above or below the small bottom plate. The power cords of the plurality of heating devices are combined and connected, and the heating devices are PID controlled according to the temperature value fed back by the thermocouples, thereby realizing the free setting of the preheating temperature and real-time control of the temperature of the heating cylinder body.

[0012] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heating device is a molybdenum disilicide heating rod, an alumina ceramic heating rod, a magnesium oxide heating tube, or a nickel-chromium heating wire.

[0013] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat dissipation component includes a conformal flow channel and a coolant injected into the conformal flow channel, and the conformal flow channel is arranged in the wall of the outer cylinder body.

[0014] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the outer cylinder wall is a conformal cylinder wall, and its shape is the same as or similar to that of the conformal flow channel.

[0015] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heating cylinder further comprises a heat-insulating gasket, and the heat-insulating gasket is fixed under the small bottom plate by screws.

[0016] As a further preferred solution of the present invention, the bottom of the small base plate has a boss, which is embedded in the small base plate, and the small base plate is provided with a base plate side orientation hole to fix the small base plate by screws.

[0017] As a further preferred solution of the utility model, a heat-insulating ring is provided at the bottom of the cavity, and the heat-insulating ring is in close contact with the heat-insulating material.

[0018] As a further preferred solution of the utility model, a heat insulation ring is provided between the first connecting plate and the small forming cylinder.

[0019] The multifunctional additive manufacturing equipment of the utility model has the following beneficial effects by adopting the above technical solution:

[0020] The utility model can heat the small forming cylinder and the small base plate to an extremely high temperature, and suppress the temperature overflow while maintaining the high temperature through the heat preservation material and the heat dissipation component, thereby improving the printing quality and precision of the parts; and it helps to reduce the residual stress, and reduces the risk of deformation and cracking of the parts caused by the excessive temperature difference between the molten part and the powder part, thereby enhancing the structural integrity and mechanical properties of the printed parts;

[0021] The utility model can select large and small forming cylinders and large and small powder supply cylinders to work according to the size of the parts to be printed, and the small forming cylinder and the small powder supply cylinder are easy to disassemble and assemble. In addition, the small forming cylinder and the forming cylinder, as well as the small powder supply cylinder and the powder supply cylinder can share a driving mechanism, which saves the cost of the equipment;

[0022] Since the utility model can realize high-temperature printing, the range of available materials is expanded, so that some high-melting-point metal materials can be 3D printed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the multifunctional additive manufacturing device provided by the utility model;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of the multifunctional additive manufacturing device provided by the utility model;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the heating cylinder provided in the utility model;

[0026] Figure 4 A structural schematic diagram of another embodiment of the heating cylinder provided in the utility model;

[0027] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Axis view of .

[0028] The parts in the figure are marked as follows:

[0029] 1. First connecting plate, 2. Small base plate, 3. Heating cylinder, 4. Bottom plate of small powder supply cylinder, 5. Second connecting plate, 6. Small overflow powder cylinder, 7. First bracket, 8. First driving mechanism, 9. Second bracket, 10. Pad, 11. Small powder supply cylinder, 12. Small powder supply cylinder sealing ring, 13. Small bottom plate, 14. Fixed flange, 15. Insulation gasket, 16. Second driving mechanism, 17. Insulation ring, 18. Inner cylinder Body wall heating groove, 19. Conformal flow channel, 20. Insulation ring, 21. Side orientation hole of connecting plate, 22. Bottom plate heating groove, 23. Small forming cylinder, 24. Fixing screws, 25. Trapezoidal fixing device, 26. Conformal cylinder wall, 27. Side orientation hole of bottom plate, 28. Piston rod, 30. Overflow powder cylinder, 31. Forming cylinder, 32. Powder supply cylinder, 33. Bottom plate of forming cylinder, 34. Bottom plate of powder supply cylinder, 35. Base plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the technical solution of the utility model, further detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] like Figure 1As shown, the present application provides a multifunctional additive manufacturing device, which includes a forming cylinder 31, at least one powder supply cylinder 32, at least one overflow powder cylinder 30, a first driving mechanism 8 for driving the bottom plate 33 of the forming cylinder to move up or down, and a second driving mechanism 16 for driving the bottom plate 34 of the powder supply cylinder to move up or down, a small forming cylinder 23 is embedded in the forming cylinder 31 through a first connecting plate 1, and a small powder supply cylinder 11 is embedded in the powder supply cylinder 32 through a second connecting plate 5;

[0032] The small forming cylinder 23 comprises a heating cylinder body 3, a small base plate 2, a small bottom plate 13 and a first bracket 7, wherein the small base plate 2 is fixed on the small bottom plate 13, the heating cylinder body 3 is a hollow structure, the small bottom plate 13 is mounted on the bottom plate 33 of the forming cylinder through the first bracket 7, and can be driven by the first driving mechanism 8 to perform an ascending or descending movement in the hollow structure of the heating cylinder body 3; a cavity is provided on the cylinder wall of the heating cylinder body 3 from bottom to top, and the cavity separates the cylinder wall into an inner cylinder body wall and an outer cylinder body wall, the inner cylinder body wall and the small bottom plate 13 are provided with a heating component, a heat dissipation component is provided in the outer cylinder body wall, and the cavity is filled with a heat-insulating material;

[0033] The small powder supply cylinder 11 is mounted on the bottom plate 34 of the powder supply cylinder through the second bracket 9;

[0034] The multifunctional additive manufacturing equipment of the above structure is generally used for high-temperature printing of small parts;

[0035] When it is necessary to print large parts, the small forming cylinder 23, the first connecting plate 1, the small powder supply cylinder 11 and the second connecting plate 5 are taken out from the forming cylinder 31 and the powder supply cylinder 32 respectively, and the base plate 35 is installed on the bottom plate 33 of the forming cylinder, so that the printing of large parts can be completed by the forming cylinder 31 and the powder supply cylinder 32.

[0036] In a specific implementation, the small forming cylinder 23 is approximately umbrella-shaped as a whole. Figure 1 As shown. The small forming cylinder 23 and forming cylinder 31 of the present application can be square or round, and of course can also be other shapes as needed. The design can be adjusted according to its working principle to improve performance or reduce costs. Specifically, the first connecting plate 1 can be designed to be circular in outer periphery, so that it can adapt to the circular forming cylinder 31. The size of the small powder supply cylinder 11 depends on the design, mainly to reduce the powder supply, increase the number of prints, and reduce the printing cost. The present application does not limit the specific shape of the first bracket 7 and the second bracket 9, which can be cylindrical, plate-shaped or other shapes.

[0037] In another specific implementation, the first bracket 7 and the second bracket 9 are provided with certain threaded holes and through holes, so that the small bottom plate 13 can be fixed on the bottom plate 33 of the forming cylinder, and the bottom plate 4 of the small powder supply cylinder can be fixed on the bottom plate 34 of the powder supply cylinder. In this way, the first drive mechanism 8 and the second drive mechanism 16 can be reused to realize the synchronous movement of the heating cylinder body 3 and the forming cylinder 31, the small powder supply cylinder 11 and the powder supply cylinder 32, which effectively saves the hardware and software costs of the device and facilitates the installation and removal of the equipment.

[0038] In this embodiment, the powder overflow cylinder 30 and the powder supply cylinder 32 are both one, but in a specific implementation, as required, the powder overflow cylinder 30 and the powder supply cylinder 32 can be two, and the two powder overflow cylinders 30 are respectively located on both sides of the forming cylinder 31, and the two powder supply cylinders 32 are respectively located on the side of the powder overflow cylinder 30 away from the forming cylinder 31. Preferably, as Figure 1 The forming cylinder 31, powder supply cylinder 32 and powder overflow cylinder 30 shown in the figure share a cylinder body, and forming components, powder supply components and powder overflow components are arranged in corresponding areas of the cylinder body to form the forming cylinder 31, powder supply cylinder 32 and powder overflow cylinder 30 respectively. Such a design makes its structure more compact and the cost lower; of course, in the specific implementation, the powder supply cylinder 32, forming cylinder 31 and powder overflow cylinder 30 can also be arranged independently, which will not be described in detail here, and reference can be made to the additive manufacturing equipment in the prior art.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, the multifunctional additive manufacturing equipment also includes at least one small powder overflow cylinder 6, which is arranged in the forming cylinder 31 through the first connecting plate 1 and is located on the side of the small forming cylinder 23, and is used to recover excess powder during the scraper powder spreading process to facilitate subsequent powder cleaning of the experiment.

[0040] As an embodiment of the present application, the heating assembly includes several heating devices, thermocouples, power lines connected to the heating devices, and grooves for installing the heating devices and thermocouples. The grooves are arranged on the inner cylinder wall and above or below the small bottom plate 13. The power lines of several heating devices are connected together, and the heating devices are PID controlled according to the temperature value fed back by the thermocouples, so as to realize the free setting of the preheating temperature and the real-time control of the temperature of the heating cylinder 3. The heating device is a molybdenum disilicide heating rod, an alumina ceramic heating rod, a magnesium oxide heating tube, or a nickel-chromium heating wire. Of course, it can also be other heating devices, which are not listed here one by one. Each of the thermocouples is used to detect the temperature of each heating device. Preferably, the heating device is a heating resistor rod with a K-type thermocouple, so that the thermocouple does not need to be set separately, the power lines of several heating devices are connected together, and the heating resistor rod is PID controlled by the temperature value fed back by the thermocouple.

[0041] As another embodiment of the present application, the heat dissipation assembly includes a conformal flow channel and a coolant injected into the conformal flow channel, and the conformal flow channel is arranged in the outer cylinder wall. Preferably, the outer cylinder wall is a conformal cylinder wall 26, and its shape is the same as or similar to the conformal flow channel 19, so that the gap between the inner cylinder wall and the outer cylinder wall is reduced, thereby reducing the use of materials, that is, saving material costs.

[0042] Preferably, in order to prevent heat from overflowing from the inner cylinder wall and the lower part of the outer cylinder wall of the heating cylinder 3, the heating cylinder 3 further comprises a heat-insulating gasket 15, which is fixed under the small bottom plate 13 by screws; a heat-insulating ring 17 is provided at the bottom of the cavity, and the heat-insulating ring 17 is in close contact with the heat-insulating material. Further preferably, a heat-insulating ring 20 is provided between the first connecting plate 1 and the small forming cylinder 23, so that the heat-insulating ring 20 can prevent the heat of the heating cylinder 3 from diffusing to other components of the heating cylinder 3 through the first connecting plate 11 and affecting their normal operation, that is, better ensuring the reliability of the equipment operation.

[0043] Preferably, the bottom of the small substrate 2 has a boss, which is embedded in the small bottom plate 13, and the small bottom plate 13 is provided with a bottom plate side hole to fix the small substrate 2 with screws. In other words, no screw holes are required on the small substrate 2. Such a design fully utilizes the area of ​​the small substrate 2, so that the entire format of the small substrate 2 can be printed without being limited by the screws fixing the small substrate 2.

[0044] Figure 1 The multifunctional additive manufacturing device shown is mainly used for forming high-temperature small parts. When large parts need to be printed, the small forming cylinder 23 and the small powder supply cylinder 11 can be taken out from the forming cylinder 31 and the powder supply cylinder 32 respectively, and the base plate 35 is installed on the bottom plate 33 of the forming cylinder, so that the forming cylinder 31 and the powder supply cylinder 32 can complete the printing of large parts. Figure 2 As shown. Of course, a heating device can also be provided on the bottom plate 33 of the forming cylinder to heat the forming cylinder 31. It can be seen that the additive manufacturing device of the utility model can select large and small forming cylinders and large and small powder supply cylinders according to needs to print large and small parts, and small parts can also be printed at high temperatures, and the specific temperature value can be adjusted. Therefore, the additive manufacturing device of the utility model has a multifunctional effect. Example

[0045] like Figure 3 As shown, the assembly process of the multifunctional additive manufacturing device of this embodiment is as follows:

[0046] The heating resistor rod is placed in the groove of the heating cylinder 33, which includes an inner cylinder wall heating groove 18 and a bottom plate heating groove 22. High-temperature resistant insulation material is filled between the inner cylinder wall heating groove 18 and the outer cylinder wall with a conformal flow channel 19 inside, and then sealed with an insulation ring 17 to prevent heat from overflowing from below the inner and outer cylinder walls of the heating cylinder 3.

[0047] Place the thermal insulation ring 20 in the corresponding area of ​​the first connecting plate 1, and then place the prepared heating cylinder 3, so that the thermal insulation ring 20 can prevent the heat of the heating cylinder 33 from diffusing to other components through the first connecting plate 11 and affecting their normal operation; fix the small overflow powder cylinder 6 and the first connecting plate 1 through the reserved threaded holes.

[0048] The assembled first connecting plate 1 is placed into the forming cylinder 31 . The first connecting plate 1 is provided with connecting plate side orientation holes 21 so as to fix the first connecting plate 1 in the forming cylinder 31 by means of top screws.

[0049] The small powder supply cylinder 11 and the second connecting plate 5 are fixed through the reserved threaded holes, and the second connecting plate 5 is fixed in the powder supply cylinder 32 using a top screw.

[0050] Put the special high temperature resistant sealing ring into the sealing ring groove of the heating cylinder 3, put the heating device, such as the heating resistor rod, into the bottom plate heating groove 22 at the bottom of the small bottom plate 13, and use screws to fix the fixing flange 14 to the small bottom of the bottom plate, and lead the power line and thermocouple signal line of the heating device through the through hole of the fixing flange 14, and use screws to fix the small bottom plate 13, the insulation gasket 15, and the first bracket 7. Put the assembled device along the inner wall of the heating cylinder 3, and fix it on the bottom plate 33 of the forming cylinder through the through hole reserved in the first bracket 7.

[0051] Put the second bracket 9 into the powder supply cylinder 32 and fix it on the bottom plate 34 of the powder supply cylinder through the reserved through hole, and install the pad 10, the small powder supply cylinder sealing ring 12 and the small powder supply cylinder 11 in sequence.

[0052] The fixed first connecting plate 1 and the second connecting plate 5 can provide support for the small powder overflow cylinder 6, the heating cylinder body 3, and the small powder supply cylinder 11, thereby offsetting the friction caused by the transmission of the first bracket 7 and the second bracket 9, and respectively realizing the synchronous movement of the heating cylinder body 3 and the bottom plate 33 of the forming cylinder, the small powder supply cylinder 11 and the powder supply cylinder 32 and the bottom plate 34 of the powder supply cylinder.

[0053] The small substrate 2, the heating cylinder 3, the first bracket 7, the small bottom plate 13 and the fixing flange 14 are made of high temperature resistant hard materials, including but not limited to: 316 stainless steel, Inconel 718, GH2132, GH3030, GH4145, GH4169, GH3536, GH2760, high temperature alloy 625 and high temperature alloy 825.

[0054] The insulation gasket 15, insulation ring 17, heat insulating ring 20 and the filling materials between the inner cylinder wall heating groove 18 and the outer cylinder wall are made of high temperature resistant insulation and heat insulating materials, including but not limited to silicate, high silica, ceramic fiber, and glass wool.

[0055] The heating cylinder 3 is further sealed and installed through a sealing ring, which is a special sealing ring made of high-temperature resistant material, which ensures that it can withstand the radiation caused by the heating of the cylinder and has elastic force that tends to expand outward, so that the powder can be firmly confined inside the heating cylinder 3. The high-temperature resistant material includes but is not limited to the high-temperature resistant heat preservation and insulation materials mentioned above, as well as metal fiber sealing rings or metal sealing rings made of high-temperature resistant hard materials after special treatment (such as stretching, spinning, electrochemistry, etc.). Example

[0056] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the structure of the multifunctional additive manufacturing device of this embodiment is similar to that of the multifunctional additive manufacturing device of the first embodiment, and the main difference is that the fixing flange 14 is cancelled, the first bracket 7 is replaced by the piston rod 28, the shape of the outer cylinder wall is different, and the way the first connecting plate 1 is installed on the forming cylinder 31 is different. The assembly process of this embodiment is as follows:

[0057] The first connecting plate 1 has fixing holes for connecting the trapezoidal fixing device 25 via screws. The trapezoidal fixing device 25 converts the torsional force of the screws into horizontal pressure on the cylinder wall of the forming cylinder 31, thereby fixing the first connecting plate 1 in the forming cylinder 31.

[0058] An insulation ring 20 is placed in the corresponding area of ​​the first connecting plate 1, and then the prepared heating cylinder 3 is placed therein, so that the insulation ring 20 can prevent the heat of the heating cylinder 3 from diffusing to other components of the machine body through the first connecting plate 1 and affecting their normal operation.

[0059] The heating cylinder body 3 is designed with a conformal cylinder wall 26 according to the conformal flow channel 19, which not only reduces the gap between the inner and outer cylinder walls, but also reduces the use of materials and saves material costs.

[0060] The heat-insulating gasket 15 is fixed below the piston rod 28, placed along the inner wall of the heating cylinder 3, and fixed at the bottom through a reserved through hole. The piston rod 28 integrates the transmission function of the piston rod 28 and the functions of the groove for accommodating the heating device and the groove for the reserved sealing ring.

[0061] The heating device is placed in the groove of the piston rod 28 for placing the heating device, and the power line and the K-type thermocouple signal line are led out from the bottom through the reserved through hole, and then the small bottom plate 13 is placed on the top and fixed with the fixing screws 24.

[0062] A small base plate 2 is placed on the small base plate 13, with a portion of the small base plate 2 protruding downward and fixed through the base plate side orientation holes 27 reserved on the small base plate 13. This design makes full use of the area of ​​the small base plate 2, so that the entire format of the small base plate 2 can be printed without being restricted by the screws of the small base plate 2.

[0063] The above embodiments are only preferred implementations of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention should belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that some modifications and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional additive manufacturing device, comprising a forming cylinder, at least one powder supply cylinder, at least one powder overflow cylinder, a first driving mechanism for driving the bottom plate of the forming cylinder to move upward or downward, and a second driving mechanism for driving the bottom plate of the powder supply cylinder to move upward or downward, characterized in that: A small forming cylinder is embedded in the forming cylinder via a first connecting plate, and a small powder supply cylinder is embedded in the powder supply cylinder via a second connecting plate; The small forming cylinder comprises a heating cylinder body, a small base plate, a small bottom plate and a first bracket, the small base plate is fixed on the small bottom plate, the heating cylinder body is a hollow structure, the small bottom plate is mounted on the bottom plate of the forming cylinder through the first bracket, and can be driven by the first driving mechanism to perform an ascending or descending movement in the hollow structure of the heating cylinder body; a cavity is opened from bottom to top on the cylinder wall of the heating cylinder body, the cavity separates the cylinder wall into an inner cylinder body wall and an outer cylinder body wall, the inner cylinder body wall and the small bottom plate are provided with a heating component, the outer cylinder body wall is provided with a heat dissipation component, and the cavity is filled with a heat insulation material; The small powder supply cylinder is mounted on the bottom plate of the powder supply cylinder through a second bracket; wherein, When large parts need to be printed, the small forming cylinder, the first connecting plate, the small powder supply cylinder and the second connecting plate are taken out from the forming cylinder and the powder supply cylinder respectively, and the base plate is installed on the bottom plate of the forming cylinder so that the printing of large parts can be completed by the forming cylinder and the powder supply cylinder.

2. The multifunctional additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multifunctional additive manufacturing equipment also includes at least one small powder overflow cylinder, which is arranged in the forming cylinder through a first connecting plate and is located on the side of the small forming cylinder.

3. The multifunctional additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating assembly includes a plurality of heating devices, thermocouples, power cords connected to the heating devices, and grooves for installing the heating devices and thermocouples. The grooves are arranged on the wall of the inner cylinder body and above or below the small bottom plate. The power cords of the plurality of heating devices are combined and connected, and PID control is performed on the heating devices according to the temperature value fed back by the thermocouples, thereby realizing free setting of the preheating temperature and real-time control of the temperature of the heating cylinder body.

4. The multifunctional additive manufacturing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heating device is a molybdenum disilicide heating rod, an alumina ceramic heating rod, a magnesium oxide heating tube, or a nickel-chromium heating wire.

5. The multifunctional additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat dissipation component includes a conformal flow channel and a coolant injected into the conformal flow channel, and the conformal flow channel is arranged in the wall of the outer cylinder body.

6. The multifunctional additive manufacturing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer cylinder wall is a conformal cylinder wall, and its shape is the same as or similar to the conformal flow channel.

7. The multifunctional additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating cylinder body also includes a heat-insulating gasket, which is fixed under the small bottom plate by screws.

8. The multifunctional additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the small base plate is provided with a boss, and the boss is embedded in the small base plate. The small base plate is provided with a base plate side orientation hole so as to fix the small base plate by screws.

9. The multifunctional additive manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heat preservation ring is arranged at the bottom of the cavity, and the heat preservation ring is in close contact with the heat preservation material.

10. The multifunctional additive manufacturing device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: A heat insulating ring is arranged between the first connecting plate and the small forming cylinder.

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