Single cell, cell stack, fuel cell engine and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model discloses a single cell, a cell stack, a fuel cell engine and a vehicle, the single cell comprises an anode plate, a cathode plate, a membrane electrode and an electric heating module, the anode plate and the cathode plate are laminated along a first direction, the membrane electrode is laminated between the anode plate and the cathode plate, and the electric heating module is arranged between the anode plate and the cathode plate. According to the single battery disclosed by the utility model, the interior of the single battery can be prevented from being frozen by starting the electric heating module, so that the cold start efficiency of the single battery in a low-temperature environment and the use safety of the single battery in the low-temperature environment can be better improved. Besides, the electric heating module can heat the anode plate and the cathode plate at the same time, so that the overall heating efficiency of the single battery can be improved, meanwhile, the number of the electric heating module can be reduced, the cost of the single battery can be reduced, and the size of the single battery can be controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a single battery, a battery stack, a fuel cell engine and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of the new energy industry, fuel cells, especially proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), have been widely used due to their cleanliness and high energy conversion rate, especially in transportation, fixed, auxiliary and portable systems. However, the cold start problem is still one of the main obstacles restricting its large-scale commercial application. During the cold start process, due to the hydrogen oxidation chemical reaction, the water produced will freeze into ice, which will occupy the pores of the porous electrode on the one hand, and the ice crystals produced by freezing will easily pierce the proton exchange membrane, resulting in difficulties in the start-up process and even damage to the membrane electrode. Therefore, there is room for improvement. Utility Model Content

[0003] The utility model provides a single cell battery, which has the advantage of high cold start efficiency.

[0004] The utility model also provides a battery stack having the above-mentioned single battery.

[0005] The utility model also provides a fuel cell engine having the battery stack.

[0006] The utility model also provides a vehicle with the fuel cell engine.

[0007] According to the single cell embodiment of the first aspect of the utility model, the single cell comprises: an anode plate and a cathode plate stacked along a first direction; a membrane electrode stacked between the anode plate and the cathode plate; and an electric heating module disposed between the anode plate and the cathode plate.

[0008] According to the single cell of the first embodiment of the utility model, the electric heating module is arranged between the anode plate and the cathode plate. By turning on the electric heating module, ice can be prevented from forming inside the single cell, thereby improving the cold start efficiency of the single cell in a low temperature environment and the safety of the single cell in a low temperature environment. In addition, the electric heating module can heat the anode plate and the cathode plate at the same time, thereby improving the heating efficiency of the single cell as a whole, and at the same time reducing the number of electric heating modules, which is conducive to reducing the cost of the single cell and controlling the size of the single cell.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, it further includes a first frame film and a second frame film stacked along a first direction between the anode plate and the cathode plate, and the membrane electrode and the electric heating module are both located between the first frame film and the second frame film.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the utility model, a first air intake distribution zone, a first reaction zone, and a first exhaust distribution zone, which are connected in sequence, are formed on the side of the cathode plate facing the membrane electrode. The first reaction zone is arranged opposite to the membrane electrode along the first direction, and at least a part of the electric heating module is arranged opposite to the first air intake distribution zone along the first direction.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the side of the anode plate facing the membrane electrode forms a second air intake distribution zone, a second reaction zone and a second exhaust distribution zone which are connected in sequence, the second reaction zone is arranged opposite to the membrane electrode along the first direction, and at least a part of the electric heating module is arranged opposite to the second air intake distribution zone along the first direction.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first air intake distribution area and the second exhaust distribution area are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction, the second air intake distribution area and the first exhaust distribution area are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction, and the electric heating module has at least two parts located between the first air intake distribution area and the second exhaust distribution area and between the second air intake distribution area and the first exhaust distribution area.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the electric heating module includes at least a first electric heating element located between the first air intake distribution area and the second exhaust distribution area and a second electric heating element located between the second air intake distribution area and the first exhaust distribution area, and the first electric heating element and the second electric heating element are arranged independently of each other.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, both the first electric heating element and the second electric heating element are electric heating films.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, projections of the first air intake distribution area, the second air intake distribution area, the first exhaust distribution area and the second exhaust distribution area on a reference plane are all located within the projection of the electric heating module on the reference plane, and the reference plane is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the electric heating module is located on the outer peripheral side of the membrane electrode.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the electric heating module is against the membrane electrode.

[0018] The battery stack according to the second embodiment of the utility model comprises: a plurality of the above-mentioned single batteries connected in series.

[0019] According to the battery stack of the second embodiment of the utility model, the electric heating module is arranged between the anode plate and the cathode plate. By turning on the electric heating module, ice can be prevented from forming inside the single cell, thereby improving the cold start efficiency of the single cell in a low temperature environment and the safety of the single cell in a low temperature environment. In addition, the electric heating module can heat the anode plate and the cathode plate at the same time, thereby improving the heating efficiency of the single cell as a whole, and at the same time reducing the number of electric heating modules, which is conducive to reducing the cost of the single cell and controlling the size of the single cell.

[0020] A fuel cell engine according to an embodiment of the third aspect of the utility model includes: the above-mentioned battery stack.

[0021] According to the fuel cell engine of the third embodiment of the utility model, the electric heating module is arranged between the anode plate and the cathode plate. By turning on the electric heating module, ice can be prevented from forming inside the single cell, thereby improving the cold start efficiency of the single cell in a low temperature environment and the safety of the single cell in a low temperature environment. In addition, the electric heating module can heat the anode plate and the cathode plate at the same time, thereby improving the heating efficiency of the single cell as a whole, and at the same time reducing the number of electric heating modules, which is conducive to reducing the cost of the single cell and controlling the size of the single cell.

[0022] A vehicle according to an embodiment of the fourth aspect of the utility model includes: the above-mentioned fuel cell engine.

[0023] According to the vehicle of the fourth embodiment of the utility model, the electric heating module is arranged between the anode plate and the cathode plate, and the ice inside the single cell can be avoided by turning on the electric heating module, so that the cold start efficiency of the single cell in a low temperature environment and the safety of the single cell in a low temperature environment can be improved. In addition, the electric heating module can heat the anode plate and the cathode plate at the same time, so as to improve the heating efficiency of the single cell as a whole, and at the same time, the number of electric heating modules can be reduced, which is conducive to reducing the cost of the single cell and controlling the size of the single cell.

[0024] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the following description, or will be learned through the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a single cell according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 2 is an exploded view of a single cell according to an embodiment of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 3 is an exploded view of a single cell according to an embodiment of the utility model from another angle;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a cathode plate and an electric heating module of a single cell according to an embodiment of the utility model.

[0029] Reference numerals:

[0030] Single cell 100;

[0031] Anode plate 1; first air inlet distribution area 11; first reaction area 12; first exhaust gas distribution area 13;

[0032] Cathode plate 2; second gas inlet distribution area 21; second reaction area 22; second gas exhaust distribution area 23;

[0033] Membrane electrode 3; first diffusion layer 31; first catalytic layer 32; proton exchange membrane 33; second catalytic layer 34; second diffusion layer 35;

[0034] Electric heating module 4; first electric heating element 41; second electric heating element 42; connecting wire harness 43;

[0035] A first frame film 5; a second frame film 6;

[0036] The first direction e1; the second direction e2; the third direction e3. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0038] The disclosure below provides many different embodiments or examples for realizing different structures of the utility model. In order to simplify the disclosure of the utility model, the components and settings of specific examples are described below. Of course, they are merely examples, and the purpose is not to limit the utility model. In addition, the utility model can repeat reference numbers and / or letters in different examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplification and clarity, and does not itself indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed. In addition, the utility model provides various specific examples of processes and materials, but those of ordinary skill in the art can be aware of the applicability of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0039] The following describes a single cell 100 according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, the single cell 100 according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the utility model comprises: an anode plate 1, a cathode plate 2, a membrane electrode 3 and an electric heating module 4, wherein the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 are stacked along a first direction e1, and the membrane electrode 3 is stacked between the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2, so that the anode plate 1, the cathode plate 2 and the membrane electrode 3 can form a fuel cell structure, that is, the single cell 100 is a fuel cell. Specifically, the membrane electrode 3 comprises a first diffusion layer 31, a first catalytic layer 32, a proton exchange membrane 33, a second catalytic layer 34 and a second diffusion layer 35 stacked along the first direction e1, and fuel and oxidant can be input to the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 respectively, such as the fuel can be hydrogen and the oxidant can be oxygen, and through the oxidation reaction of the fuel on the anode plate 1 and the reduction reaction of the oxidant on the cathode plate 2, the electrons at the anode plate 1 can flow along the external circuit toward the cathode plate 2 to form a current.

[0041] Among them, during the operation of the fuel cell, the cathode plate will produce water during the reduction reaction. Therefore, under low ambient temperature conditions, such as when the ambient temperature is below zero degrees Celsius, the water generated during the operation of the fuel cell will reach the freezing point and freeze inside the fuel cell, which will block the gaps on the membrane electrode and the fuel and oxidant delivery channels. At the same time, the ice crystals on the membrane electrode are accompanied by the risk of puncturing the proton exchange membrane.

[0042] In the present application, the electric heating module 4 is arranged between the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2, so that when the ambient temperature of the single cell 100 is low, the electric heating module 4 can be turned on to generate heat, and the single cell 100 can be heated well by the heat transfer, so that the ice inside the single cell 100 can be prevented from affecting the cold start efficiency of the single cell 100 in a low temperature environment, thereby accelerating the speed of improving the output efficiency of the single cell 100, and at the same time, it can be prevented that the ice crystals generated by the ice formation pierce the membrane electrode 3. Thus, the cold start efficiency of the single cell 100 in a low temperature environment and the safety of the single cell 100 in a low temperature environment can be well improved. In addition, since the electric heating module 4 is arranged between the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2, the electric heating module 4 can heat the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 at the same time, so that the heating speed of the single cell 100 can be improved, and the number of electric heating modules 4 can be reduced, which is conducive to reducing the cost of the single cell 100 and controlling the size of the single cell 100.

[0043] According to the single cell 100 of the first embodiment of the utility model, the electric heating module 4 is arranged between the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2. By turning on the electric heating module 4, ice can be prevented from forming inside the single cell 100, thereby improving the cold start efficiency of the single cell 100 in a low temperature environment and the safety of the single cell 100 in a low temperature environment. In addition, the electric heating module 4 can heat the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 at the same time, thereby improving the heating speed of the single cell 100, and at the same time reducing the number of electric heating modules 4, which is conducive to reducing the cost of the single cell 100 and controlling the size of the single cell 100.

[0044] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the single cell 100 further includes a first frame film 5 and a second frame film 6 stacked between the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 along the first direction e1, and the membrane electrode 3 and the electric heating module 4 are both located between the first frame film 5 and the second frame film 6. That is, the first frame film 5 is stacked between the anode plate 1 and the electric heating module 4, and the second frame film 6 is stacked between the cathode plate 2 and the electric heating module 4, that is, the anode plate 1 and the electric heating module 4 can be well separated by the first frame film 5 to prevent the anode plate 1 from contacting the electric heating module 4, and the cathode plate 2 and the electric heating module 4 can be well separated by the second frame film 6 to prevent the cathode plate 2 from contacting the electric heating module 4, so that the first frame film 5 and the second frame film 6 can provide good insulation effect for the electric heating module 4 to ensure the stable operation of the electric heating module 4, which is conducive to improving the stability and reliability of the single cell 100. In addition, the electric heating module 4 has the same distance from the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 in the first direction e1, so that the electric heating module 4 can evenly heat the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2, which is beneficial to improve the uniformity of the temperature rise of the single battery 100.

[0045] In a specific example, a first window opposite to the membrane electrode 3 is formed on the first frame film 5, and a second window opposite to the membrane electrode 3 is formed on the second frame film 6. The electric heating module 4 is located outside the first window and the second window to prevent the electric heating module 4 from interfering with the exchange of protons.

[0046] In some embodiments, the membrane electrode 3 is provided with a frame film only on one side in the first direction e1, and an insulating film layer is provided between the side of the membrane electrode 3 away from the frame film in the first direction e1 and the anode plate 1 or the cathode plate 2 to prevent leakage through the anode plate 1 or the cathode plate 2.

[0047] It should be noted that this is only an example of one of the locations where the electric heating module 4 is set, and is not a limitation on the location where the electric heating module 4 is set in the single battery 100. For example, in some embodiments, the electric heating module 4 can also be set between the first frame film 5 and the anode plate 1; in other embodiments, the electric heating module 4 can also be set between the second frame film 6 and the cathode plate 6, etc., that is, it is sufficient to ensure that the electric heating module 4 is located between the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2, and no further examples will be given here.

[0048] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the cathode plate 2 forms a first gas inlet distribution area 11, a first reaction area 12 and a first exhaust distribution area 13 which are connected in sequence on the side facing the membrane electrode 3, and the first reaction area 12 is arranged opposite to the membrane electrode 3 along the first direction e1. That is to say, the first gas inlet distribution area 11, the first reaction area 12 and the first exhaust distribution area 13 form a connected gas flow path, and the oxidant input to the cathode plate 2 can enter the first reaction area 12 after being distributed through the first gas inlet distribution area 11 and contact the membrane electrode 3 to participate in the reduction reaction, which can better improve the uniformity of the distribution of the oxidant in the first reaction area 12 to improve the output efficiency and performance of the single cell 100, and the remaining exhaust gas in the first reaction area 12 can be discharged from the cathode plate 2 after being gathered through the first exhaust distribution area 13 to reduce the difficulty of collecting the exhaust gas at the cathode plate 2, thereby realizing the input of the oxidant on the cathode plate 2 and the output of the exhaust gas.

[0049] Among them, at least part of the electric heating module 4 is arranged opposite to the first air inlet distribution area 11 along the first direction e1. That is to say, at least the first air inlet distribution area 11 can be heated by the part of the electric heating module 4 opposite to the first air inlet distribution area 11. Therefore, when the oxidant such as oxygen flows to the first reaction area 12 through the first air inlet distribution area 11, it can be heated by the electric heating module 4, that is, the temperature of the gas flowing to the first reaction area 12 is increased, and the heat can be transferred to the membrane electrode 3 and the first exhaust distribution area 13 through the continued flow of oxygen. Therefore, through the cooperation of the electric heating module 4 and the oxidant such as oxygen flowing in the cathode plate 2, the temperature of the entire gas flow path in the cathode plate 2 can be better increased, so that the risk of water freezing generated by the oxidant reduction process at the cathode plate 2 can be better avoided, and at the same time, the temperature of the single cell 100 can be quickly increased to improve the output power and performance of the single cell 100.

[0050] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the side of the anode plate 1 facing the membrane electrode 3 forms a second air inlet distribution area 21, a second reaction area 22, and a second exhaust distribution area 23 that are connected in sequence, and the second reaction area 22 is arranged opposite to the membrane electrode 3 along the first direction e1. That is to say, the second air inlet distribution area 21, the second reaction area 22, and the second exhaust distribution area 23 form a connected gas flow path, and the fuel input to the anode plate 1 can enter the second reaction area 22 through the second air inlet distribution area 21 and contact the membrane electrode 3 to perform an oxidation reaction, which can better improve the uniformity of the distribution of the fuel in the second reaction area 22 to improve the output efficiency and performance of the monomer, and the remaining exhaust gas from the second reaction area 22 can be discharged from the anode plate 1 after being gathered through the second exhaust distribution area 23 to reduce the difficulty of collecting the exhaust gas at the anode plate 1, thereby realizing the input of fuel on the anode plate 1 and the output of exhaust gas.

[0051] Among them, at least part of the electric heating module 4 is arranged opposite to the second air inlet distribution area 21 along the first direction e1. That is to say, the second air inlet distribution area 21 can be heated at least by the part of the electric heating module 4 opposite to the second air inlet distribution area 21, so when the fuel such as hydrogen flows to the second reaction area 22 through the second air inlet distribution area 21, it can be heated by the electric heating module 4, that is, the temperature of the gas flowing to the second reaction area 22 is increased, and the heat can be transferred to the membrane electrode 3 and the second exhaust distribution area 23 through the flow of hydrogen. Therefore, through the cooperation of the electric heating module 4 and the fuel such as hydrogen flowing in the anode plate 1, the temperature of the entire gas flow path in the anode plate 1 can be well increased, so that the electric heating module 4 can heat the flow paths in the cathode plate 2 and the anode plate 1 at the same time, and then the temperature of the single cell 100 can be quickly increased to improve the output power and performance of the single cell 100. In addition, the membrane electrode 3 can further reduce the risk of ice formation inside the single cell 100 under the action of the heated gas in the first reaction zone 12 and the heated gas in the second reaction zone 22, thereby avoiding the risk of ice chips generated by ice formation piercing the proton exchange membrane 33.

[0052] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the first air intake distribution area 11 and the second exhaust distribution area 23 are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction e1, the second air intake distribution area 21 and the first exhaust distribution area 13 are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction e1, and the electric heating module 4 has at least two parts located between the first air intake distribution area 11 and the second exhaust distribution area 23 and between the second air intake distribution area 21 and the first exhaust distribution area 13. That is to say, the portion of the electric heating module 4 opposite to the first air intake distribution area 11 is also arranged opposite to the second exhaust distribution area 23 along the first direction e1, the first air intake distribution area 11 and the second exhaust distribution area 23 are located on the opposite sides of the corresponding portion on the electric heating module 4, the portion of the electric heating module 4 opposite to the second air intake distribution area 21 is also arranged opposite to the first exhaust distribution area 13 along the first direction e1, the second air intake distribution area 21 and the first exhaust distribution area 13 are respectively located on the opposite sides of the corresponding portion on the electric heating module 4, so that the portion of the electric heating module 4 opposite to the first air intake distribution area 11 can heat the second exhaust distribution area 23 simultaneously when heating the first air intake distribution area 11, and the portion of the electric heating module 4 opposite to the second air intake distribution area 21 can heat the first exhaust distribution area 13 simultaneously when heating the second air intake distribution area 21.

[0053] Therefore, while ensuring that the electric heating module 4 can heat the first air intake distribution area 11 and the second air intake distribution area 21, the first exhaust distribution area 13 and the second exhaust distribution area 23 can be quickly heated up, which can better improve the heating range of the electric heating module 4 and facilitate the rapid increase of the overall temperature of the single cell 100, so as to reduce the tendency of freezing and improve the output efficiency and performance of the single cell 100.

[0054] In a specific example, the first air intake distribution area 11, the first reaction area 12 and the first exhaust distribution area 13 are arranged in sequence along the second direction e2, and the second air intake distribution area 21, the second reaction area 22 and the second exhaust distribution area 23 are arranged in sequence along the second direction e2, wherein the second direction e2 is the length direction of the single cell 100, and the second direction e2 is perpendicular to the first direction e1. The arrangement direction of the first air intake distribution area 11, the first reaction area 12 and the first exhaust distribution area 13 is opposite to the arrangement direction of the second air intake distribution area 21, the second reaction area 22 and the second exhaust distribution area 23. The first reaction area 12 includes a plurality of first flow channels arranged along a third direction e3, and the second reaction area 22 includes a plurality of second flow channels arranged along the third direction e3. The third direction e3 is the width direction of the single cell 100, and the third direction e3 is perpendicular to the first direction e1 and the second direction e2.

[0055] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the electric heating module 4 at least includes a first electric heating element 41 located between the first air intake distribution area 11 and the second air exhaust distribution area 23, and a second electric heating element 42 located between the second air intake distribution area 21 and the first air exhaust distribution area 13. That is to say, in the first direction e1, one side of the first electric heating element 41 is opposite to the first air intake distribution area 11, and the other side of the first electric heating element 41 is opposite to the second air exhaust distribution area 23, so that the first electric heating element 41 can heat the first air intake distribution area 11 and the second air exhaust distribution area 23 at the same time after it is turned on; in the first direction e1, one side of the second electric heating element 42 is opposite to the second air intake distribution area 21, and the other side of the second electric heating element 42 is opposite to the first air exhaust distribution area 13, so that the second electric heating element 42 can heat the second air intake distribution area 21 and the first air exhaust distribution area 13 at the same time after it is turned on.

[0056] Among them, the first electric heater 41 and the second electric heater 42 are independently arranged. That is to say, the first electric heater 41 and the second electric heater 42 can be controlled independently. Thus, the independent opening or closing of the first electric heater 41 and the second electric heater 42 can be controlled according to the heating demand, which can well improve the flexibility of the use of the electric heating module 4. Specifically, only the first electric heater 41 can be turned on, that is, the second electric heater 42 is turned off at this time, and the first air intake distribution area 11 and the second exhaust distribution area 23 are heated by the turned-on first electric heater 41; only the second electric heater 42 can be turned on, that is, the first electric heater 41 is turned off at this time, and the second air intake distribution area 21 and the first exhaust distribution area 13 are heated by the turned-on second electric heater 42; the first electric heater 41 and the second electric heater 42 can also be turned on at the same time, and the first air intake distribution area 11, the first exhaust distribution area 13, the second air intake distribution area 21 and the second exhaust distribution area 23 are heated by the turned-on first electric heater 41 and the second electric heater 42, so as to improve the heating efficiency of the electric heating module 4 to the single battery 100. In this way, the heating area and efficiency of the electric heating module 4 can be flexibly controlled according to the ambient temperature. For example, when the ambient temperature is high, only the first electric heating element 41 or the second electric heating element 42 can be turned on. When the ambient temperature is low, the first electric heating element 41 and the second electric heating element 42 can be turned on at the same time to increase the heating speed of the single cell 100.

[0057] In some embodiments, the first electric heater 41 and the second electric heater 42 are respectively located on opposite sides of the membrane electrode 3 in the second direction e2, and both ends of the first electric heater 41 and the second electric heater 42 in the third direction e3 are flush with both ends of the membrane electrode 3 in the third direction e3. Therefore, in the second direction e2, the first electric heater 41 and the second electric heater 42 can better cover the membrane electrode 3, thereby improving the heating effect of the membrane electrode 3 of the electric heating module 4 stack, so as to prevent ice from forming at the membrane electrode 3 and piercing the proton exchange membrane 33.

[0058] In other embodiments, the first electric heating element 41 and the second electric heating element 42 are respectively located on opposite sides of the membrane electrode 3 in the second direction e2, and at least one of the two ends of the first electric heating element 41 in the third direction e3 protrudes from the edge of the membrane electrode 3 in the third direction e3, that is, one of the two ends of the first electric heating element 41 in the third direction e3 protrudes from one side edge of the membrane electrode 3 in the third direction e3, or the two ends of the first electric heating element 41 in the third direction e3 respectively protrude from the two side edges of the membrane electrode 3 in the third direction e3; at least one of the two ends of the second electric heating element 42 in the third direction e3 protrudes from the edge of the membrane electrode 3 in the third direction e3, that is, one of the two ends of the second electric heating element 42 in the third direction e3 protrudes from one side edge of the membrane electrode 3 in the third direction e3, or the two ends of the third electric heating element in the third direction e3 respectively protrude from the two side edges of the membrane electrode 3 in the third direction e3. Therefore, in the second direction e2, the first electric heater 41 and the second electric heater 42 can better cover the membrane electrode 3, thereby improving the heating effect of the membrane electrode 3 of the electric heating module 4 to prevent ice from forming at the membrane electrode 3 and piercing the proton exchange membrane 33.

[0059] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the electric heating module 4 is in the shape of a sheet perpendicular to the first direction e1, and the anode plate 1, the electric heating module 4 and the cathode plate 2 are stacked along the first direction e1. Thus, the installation space occupied by the electric heating module 4 in the first direction e1 can be reduced, so that the thickness of the single battery 100 in the first direction e1 can be better controlled.

[0060] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the first electric heating element 41 and the second electric heating element 42 are both electric heating films. The electric heating film is thin and has high heating efficiency. As a result, the thickness of the first electric heating element 41 and the second electric heating element 42 in the first direction e1 can be reduced, thereby reducing the installation space occupied by the first electric heating element 41 and the second electric heating element 42 in the first direction e1, thereby better controlling the thickness of the single battery 100 in the first direction e1.

[0061] The first electric heater 41 and the second electric heater 42 are both powered by a power source located outside the single battery 100. Specifically, the first electric heater 41 and the second electric heater 42 are respectively led to the outside of the single battery 100 through corresponding connecting harnesses 43 made of conductive materials, and are connected to the external power source to form external power supply. The first electric heater 41 and the second electric heater 42 can be made of metal resistance wire, carbon fiber, electric heating wire material or graphene.

[0062] According to some embodiments of the utility model, the projections of the first air intake distribution area 11, the second air intake distribution area 21, the first exhaust distribution area 13 and the second exhaust distribution area 23 on the reference plane are all located within the projection of the electric heating module 4 on the reference plane, and the reference plane is perpendicular to the first direction e1. Therefore, the heating area of ​​the electric heating module 4 can completely cover the first air intake distribution area 11, the second air intake distribution area 21, the first exhaust distribution area 13 and the second exhaust distribution area 23 in the extension direction of the reference plane, thereby improving the heating uniformity and efficiency of the electric heating module 4 on the first air intake distribution area 11, the second air intake distribution area 21, the first exhaust distribution area 13 and the second exhaust distribution area 23.

[0063] In a specific example, the electric heating module 4 includes a first electric heating element 41 located between the first air intake distribution area 11 and the second air exhaust distribution area 23 and a second electric heating element 42 located between the second air intake distribution area 21 and the first air exhaust distribution area 13. The projections of the first air intake distribution area 11 and the second air exhaust distribution area 23 on the reference plane are both located within the projection range of the first electric heating element 41 on the reference plane, so that the heating area of ​​the first electric heating element 41 can completely cover the first air intake distribution area 11 and the second air exhaust distribution area 23 in the extension direction of the reference plane; the projections of the second air intake distribution area 21 and the first air exhaust distribution area 13 on the reference plane are both located within the projection range of the second electric heating element 42 on the reference plane, so that the heating area of ​​the second electric heating element 42 can completely cover the second air intake distribution area 21 and the first air exhaust distribution area 13 in the extension direction of the reference plane. In this way, the heating uniformity and efficiency of the electric heating module 4 on the first air intake distribution area 11, the second air intake distribution area 21, the first air exhaust distribution area 13 and the second air exhaust distribution area 23 can be improved.

[0064] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the electric heating module 4 is located on the outer peripheral side of the membrane electrode 3. That is, the electric heating module 4 and the membrane electrode 3 have no overlapping parts in the first direction e1. Thus, it is possible to better avoid the electric heating module 4 interfering with the membrane electrode 3 in the reaction process such as proton exchange, so as to ensure the output efficiency and performance of the single cell 100.

[0065] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the electric heating module 4 is against the membrane electrode 3. That is, the electric heating module 4 is in contact with the outer peripheral edge of the membrane electrode 3. As a result, the efficiency of the electric heating module 4 in transferring heat to the membrane electrode 3 can be improved, thereby improving the heating efficiency of the electric heating module 4 on the membrane electrode 3, and further improving the cold start rate of the single cell 100 in a low temperature environment.

[0066] A battery stack according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the utility model is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0067] According to the battery stack of the second embodiment of the utility model in the second direction e2, it includes: a plurality of single cells 100 connected in series. Therefore, the output performance of the battery stack can be improved by the plurality of single cells 100 connected in series. Among them, the single cells 100 have a fast cold start speed and high operating safety in a low temperature environment, thereby better improving the cold start speed and operating safety of the battery stack in a low temperature environment.

[0068] According to the battery stack of the embodiment of the second direction e2 of the utility model, the electric heating module 4 is arranged between the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2. By turning on the electric heating module 4, ice can be prevented from forming inside the single cell 100, thereby improving the cold start efficiency of the single cell 100 in a low temperature environment and the safety of the single cell 100 in a low temperature environment. In addition, the electric heating module 4 can heat the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 at the same time, thereby improving the heating efficiency of the single cell 100 as a whole, and at the same time, the number of electric heating modules 4 can be reduced, which is conducive to reducing the cost of the single cell 100 and controlling the size of the single cell 100.

[0069] A fuel cell engine according to an embodiment of the third aspect of the utility model will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0070] A fuel cell engine according to an embodiment of the third aspect of the utility model includes: a cell stack.

[0071] According to the fuel cell engine of the third embodiment of the utility model, the electric heating module 4 is arranged between the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2. By turning on the electric heating module 4, ice can be prevented from forming inside the single cell 100, thereby improving the cold start efficiency of the single cell 100 in a low temperature environment and the safety of the single cell 100 in a low temperature environment. In addition, the electric heating module 4 can heat the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 at the same time, thereby improving the heating efficiency of the single cell 100 as a whole, and at the same time, the number of electric heating modules 4 can be reduced, which is conducive to reducing the cost of the single cell 100 and controlling the size of the single cell 100.

[0072] A vehicle according to an embodiment of the fourth aspect of the utility model will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0073] A vehicle according to an embodiment of the fourth aspect of the utility model includes: a fuel cell engine.

[0074] According to the vehicle of the fourth embodiment of the utility model, the electric heating module 4 is arranged between the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2. By turning on the electric heating module 4, ice can be prevented from forming inside the single cell 100, thereby improving the cold start efficiency of the single cell 100 in a low temperature environment and the safety of the single cell 100 in a low temperature environment. In addition, the electric heating module 4 can heat the anode plate 1 and the cathode plate 2 at the same time, thereby improving the heating efficiency of the single cell 100 as a whole, and at the same time, the number of electric heating modules 4 can be reduced, which is conducive to reducing the cost of the single cell 100 and controlling the size of the single cell 100.

[0075] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0076] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the utility model. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0077] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A single cell battery, characterized in that: include: Anode plates and cathode plates stacked along a first direction; A membrane electrode, wherein the membrane electrode is stacked between the anode plate and the cathode plate; An electric heating module is arranged between the anode plate and the cathode plate.

2. The single cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a first frame film and a second frame film stacked along a first direction between the anode plate and the cathode plate, and the membrane electrode and the electric heating module are both located between the first frame film and the second frame film.

3. The single cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first air inlet distribution zone, a first reaction zone and a first exhaust distribution zone are formed in sequence on the side of the cathode plate facing the membrane electrode. The first reaction zone is arranged opposite to the membrane electrode along the first direction, and at least a part of the electric heating module is arranged opposite to the first air inlet distribution zone along the first direction.

4. The single cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: The side of the anode plate facing the membrane electrode forms a second air inlet distribution zone, a second reaction zone and a second exhaust distribution zone which are connected in sequence. The second reaction zone is arranged opposite to the membrane electrode along the first direction, and at least a part of the electric heating module is arranged opposite to the second air inlet distribution zone along the first direction.

5. The single cell according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first air intake distribution area and the second exhaust distribution area are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction, the second air intake distribution area and the first exhaust distribution area are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction, and the electric heating module has at least two parts located between the first air intake distribution area and the second exhaust distribution area and between the second air intake distribution area and the first exhaust distribution area.

6. The single cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: The electric heating module comprises at least a first electric heating element located between the first air intake distribution area and the second air exhaust distribution area and a second electric heating element located between the second air intake distribution area and the first air exhaust distribution area, and the first electric heating element and the second electric heating element are independently arranged.

7. The single cell according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first electric heating element and the second electric heating element are both electric heating films.

8. The single cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: Projections of the first air intake distribution area, the second air intake distribution area, the first exhaust distribution area and the second exhaust distribution area on a reference plane are all located within a projection of the electric heating module on the reference plane, and the reference plane is perpendicular to the first direction.

9. The single cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric heating module is located on the outer peripheral side of the membrane electrode.

10. The single cell according to claim 9, characterized in that: The electric heating module is against the membrane electrode.

11. A battery stack, characterized in that: include: A plurality of single cells connected in series, wherein the single cells are the single cells according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. A fuel cell engine, characterized in that: include: The battery stack according to claim 11.

13. A vehicle, characterized in that: include: The fuel cell engine according to claim 12.

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