Perovskite solar cell module and perovskite solar cell

Abstract

The utility model discloses a perovskite solar cell module and a perovskite solar cell, and relates to the cell field, the perovskite solar cell module comprises a substrate, an FTO layer, a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second carrier transport layer and a back electrode in sequence from bottom to top, an ITO layer is arranged between the FTO layer and the first carrier transport layer, and the back electrode is arranged between the first carrier transport layer and the second carrier transport layer. The thickness of the FTO layer is 30-200 nm, the thickness of the ITO layer is larger than 50 nm, and the refractive index of the ITO layer is larger than that of the FTO layer. According to the perovskite solar cell module provided by the utility model, the ITO layer is deposited on the surface of the FTO layer, so that the thickness of the FTO layer can be reduced, solar rays can be scattered and reflected again, the light propagation path is prolonged, disordered solar rays can be more concentrated, and the incident light intensity of the perovskite active layer is further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of batteries, and in particular to a perovskite solar cell module and a perovskite solar cell. Background Art

[0002] Perovskite materials are neither calcium nor titanium, but a general term for a class of "ceramic oxides" with the same crystal structure. The molecular formula is ABX3, where A stands for "large radius cations", B stands for "metal cations", and X stands for "halogen anions". These three ions can present many magical physical properties, including but not limited to insulation, ferroelectricity, antiferromagnetism, and giant magnetic effects, through the arrangement and combination of different elements, or by adjusting the distance between each other. As the most promising new material, perovskite can be used as the active layer of solar cells. It has many excellent optoelectronic properties, such as adjustable band gap, high absorption coefficient, low exciton binding energy, high carrier mobility, and high defect tolerance. The preparation process of perovskite is simple, and it can achieve semi-transparency, ultra-lightness, ultra-thinness, and flexibility. The raw materials of perovskite are widely available and rich in content. These advantages make perovskite solar cells a new generation of technology that subverts crystalline silicon and thin-film solar cells.

[0003] The commonly used stacked structure of perovskite solar cells at present includes, from bottom to top: substrate, FTO layer, first carrier transport layer, perovskite layer, second carrier transport layer and back electrode. Battery power generation principle: Sunlight passes through the substrate, FTO layer, first carrier transport layer to reach the perovskite active layer, the perovskite active layer generates photogenerated carrier electron-hole pairs, the electron-hole pairs are separated and transmitted through the second carrier transport layer, and the FTO layer and back electrode collect electrons and holes. Because the sunlight is chaotic and disordered, it will be reflected at the interface after reaching the FTO layer, and the FTO layer is relatively thick (greater than 300nm), there is strong parasitic absorption, which seriously affects the light intensity reaching the perovskite active layer, and ultimately affects the overall performance of the battery.

[0004] In view of this, the present utility model is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0005] The utility model aims to provide a perovskite solar cell module and a perovskite solar cell.

[0006] The embodiment of the utility model is achieved as follows:

[0007] In the first aspect, the utility model provides a perovskite solar cell module, which includes, from bottom to top, a substrate, an FTO layer, a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second carrier transport layer and a back electrode, an ITO layer is further arranged between the FTO layer and the first carrier transport layer, the thickness of the FTO layer is 30-200nm, the thickness of the ITO layer is greater than 50nm, and the refractive index of the ITO layer is greater than the refractive index of the FTO layer.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the conductivity of the ITO layer is greater than the conductivity of the FTO layer.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, an alternating conductive layer is deposited on the surface of the ITO layer, and the alternating conductive layer includes a plurality of FTO thin layers and a plurality of ITO thin layers deposited alternately on the surface of the ITO layer in sequence, the last layer is an ITO thin layer, the thickness of the FTO thin layer is less than the thickness of the FTO layer, and the thickness of the ITO thin layer is less than the thickness of the ITO layer.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the refractive index of the first FTO thin layer of the alternating conductive layer is greater than the refractive index of the ITO layer.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the number of layers of the FTO thin layer and the ITO thin layer are both 1-5 layers, and they are alternately arranged, and the refractive index of each layer of the alternating conductive layer gradually increases from bottom to top.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the thickness of any one of the FTO thin layers is 0.1-30 nm, and the thickness of any one of the ITO thin layers is 0.1-30 nm.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, an array of groove defects is etched on the FTO layer, and the top of the groove defect is open and the cross-section is an inverted triangle.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, the etching depth of the groove defect is 0.1-100 nm, and the top surface etching width of the groove defect is 0.1-1 μm.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, the distance between any two adjacent groove defects is 0.5-50 μm.

[0016] In a second aspect, the utility model provides a perovskite solar cell, which includes the perovskite solar cell module as described in any one of the aforementioned embodiments.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the utility model are:

[0018] The perovskite solar cell module provided by the utility model can reduce the thickness of the FTO layer by depositing an ITO layer on the surface of the FTO layer. The thickness of the FTO layer is 30-200nm, and the thickness of the ITO layer is greater than 50nm. At the same time, the deposition of the ITO layer can also cause the sunlight to be scattered and reflected again, extend the light propagation path, and increase the intensity of the incident light on the perovskite active layer. At the same time, the refractive index of the ITO layer is greater than the refractive index of the FTO layer, which can make the disordered sunlight more concentrated and further improve the intensity of the incident light on the perovskite active layer; the conductivity of the ITO layer is greater than the conductivity of the FTO layer, which can reduce the series resistance. The combination of the FTO layer and the ITO layer as a transparent conductive layer can improve the performance of the perovskite solar cell as a whole (including fill factor, current density, open circuit voltage, efficiency). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the utility model, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the utility model and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a perovskite solar cell module provided in the first embodiment of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 A light transmission path diagram of a perovskite solar cell module provided in the first embodiment of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a perovskite solar cell module provided in the second embodiment of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 4 A process flow chart of the preparation of a perovskite solar cell module provided in the second embodiment of the present utility model;

[0024] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a perovskite solar cell module provided in the third embodiment of the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of a perovskite solar cell module provided in the fourth embodiment of the present utility model.

[0026] Icon: 100-perovskite solar cell module; 110-substrate; 120-FTO layer; 121-groove defect; 130-ITO layer; 140-first carrier transport layer; 150-perovskite layer; 160-second carrier transport layer; 170-back electrode; 180-alternating conductive layer; 181-FTO thin layer; 182-ITO thin layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the utility model clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the utility model described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0028] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to be protected, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0030] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or position relationship in which the utility model product is usually placed when in use, which is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present utility model. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0031] In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0032] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0033] See also Figure 1-Figure 6 The utility model provides a perovskite solar cell module 100, which includes, from bottom to top, a substrate 110, a FTO layer 120, a first carrier transport layer 140, a perovskite layer 150, a second carrier transport layer 160 and a back electrode 170, and an ITO layer 130 is also arranged between the FTO layer 120 and the first carrier transport layer 140.

[0034] In the present invention, by combining the FTO layer 120 and the ITO layer 130 as a transparent conductive layer, the thickness of the FTO layer 120 can be reduced. The thickness of the FTO layer 120 is 30-200nm, for example, it can be any one of 30, 50, 80, 100, 120, 150, 180, 200nm or a range value between any two. The thickness of the ITO layer 130 is greater than 50nm, for example, it can be any one of 55nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 90nm, 100nm or a range value between any two. At the same time, by setting the refractive index of the ITO layer 130 to be greater than the refractive index of the FTO layer 120, the disordered sunlight can be more concentrated, and the incident light intensity of the perovskite active layer can be increased. The conductivity of the ITO layer 130 is greater than the conductivity of the FTO layer 120, which can reduce the series resistance.

[0035] The utility model can improve the overall performance (including fill factor, current density, open circuit voltage, efficiency) of the perovskite solar cell by combining the FTO layer 120 and the ITO layer 130 as a transparent conductive layer.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, an alternating conductive layer 180 may be further deposited on the surface of the ITO layer 130. The alternating conductive layer 180 includes an FTO thin layer 181 and an ITO thin layer 182 which are alternately deposited on the surface of the ITO layer 130. The last layer is an ITO thin layer 182. The number of layers of the ITO thin layer 182 and the ITO thin layer 182 is not limited and can be controlled according to actual conditions. For example, the number of layers of the FTO thin layer and the ITO thin layer is 1-5 layers and they are alternately arranged. The thickness of the FTO thin layer 181 is less than the thickness of the FTO layer 120, and the thickness of the ITO thin layer 182 is less than the thickness of the ITO layer 130.

[0037] In the present invention, by further controlling the refractive index of each layer, the refractive index of the first FTO thin layer 181 of the alternating conductive layer 180 is greater than the refractive index of the ITO layer 130, and the refractive index of each layer of the alternating conductive layer 180 gradually increases from bottom to top. The arrangement of the alternating conductive layer 180 can further concentrate the disordered sunlight, which is beneficial to improving the incident light intensity of the perovskite active layer.

[0038] Specifically, the thickness of any FTO thin layer 181 is 0.1-30 nm, for example, it can be any one of 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 nm or any range between two values. The thickness of any ITO thin layer 182 is 0.1-30 nm, for example, it can be any one of 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 nm or any range between two values.

[0039] An array of groove defects 121 is etched on the FTO layer 120, and the top of the groove defect 121 is open and the cross-section is an inverted triangle. The groove defect 121 is formed by locally etching the FTO layer 120 in an array using a mask and a gas. Among them, the etching depth of the groove defect 121 is 0.1 to 100nm, for example, it can be any one of 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 50, 80, 100nm or a range value between any two. The top surface etching width of the groove defect 121 is 0.1-1μm, for example, it can be any one of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1μm or a range value between any two.

[0040] The spacing between any two adjacent groove defects 121 is 0.5-50 μm, for example, 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 1.2 μm, 1.5 μm, 1.8 μm, 1.9 μm, 2 μm, 5 μm, 10 μm, 15 μm, 20 μm, 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm, 50 μm or any range between two thereof.

[0041] In addition, the utility model also provides a perovskite solar cell, which includes the above-mentioned perovskite solar cell module 100.

[0042] The specific scheme of the utility model is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0043] First embodiment

[0044] Please refer to Figure 1The present embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell module 100 , which includes, from bottom to top, a substrate 110 , a FTO layer 120 , an ITO layer 130 , a first carrier transport layer 140 , a perovskite layer 150 , a second carrier transport layer 160 and a back electrode 170 .

[0045] The preparation method includes: firstly preparing a 150nm thick FTO layer 120 on the surface of a substrate 110 by magnetron sputtering, the refractive index of the FTO layer 120 is n1=1.6, and depositing a 60nm thick ITO layer 130 on the surface of the FTO layer 120 by magnetron sputtering, the refractive index of the ITO layer 130 is n2=1.8, so that n2>n1, and at the same time, the conductivity of the ITO layer 130 is>the conductivity of the FTO layer 120, and then depositing a first carrier transport layer 140, a perovskite layer 150, a second carrier transport layer 160 and a back electrode 170 in sequence on the surface of the ITO layer 130.

[0046] from Figure 2 It can be seen that the deposition of the ITO layer 130 can also scatter and reflect the sunlight again, extending the light propagation path. At the same time, the refractive index of the ITO layer 130 is greater than the refractive index of the FTO layer 120, which can make the disordered sunlight more concentrated and reduce the parasitic absorption, thereby increasing the intensity of the incident light on the perovskite active layer, which is beneficial to improving the overall performance of the final battery.

[0047] Second embodiment

[0048] Please refer to Figure 3 The present embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell module 100 , which includes, from bottom to top, a substrate 110 , a FTO layer 120 , an ITO layer 130 , a first carrier transport layer 140 , a perovskite layer 150 , a second carrier transport layer 160 and a back electrode 170 .

[0049] The preparation method includes: Figure 4 , a 180nm thick FTO layer 120 is first prepared on the surface of the substrate 110 by magnetron sputtering, and the refractive index of the FTO layer 120 is n1=1.6, and the FTO layer 120 is locally etched with array-type groove defects 121 using a mask and gas, with an etching depth of 80nm, an etching width of 500nm, and a spacing between any two adjacent groove defects of 30μm; a 80nm thick ITO layer 130 is deposited on the surface of the FTO layer 120 by magnetron sputtering, and the refractive index of the ITO layer 130 is n2=1.8, so that n2>n1. The ITO layer 130 deposited in the etched area of ​​the FTO layer 120 will form an inverted pyramid structure, and the conductivity of the ITO layer 130 is greater than the conductivity of the FTO layer 120, and then the first carrier transport layer 140, the perovskite layer 150, the second carrier transport layer 160 and the back electrode 170 are sequentially deposited on the surface of the ITO layer 130.

[0050] Third embodiment

[0051] Please refer to Figure 5 The present embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell module 100, which includes, from bottom to top, a substrate 110, a FTO layer 120, an ITO layer 130, a FTO thin layer 181, an ITO thin layer 182, a first carrier transport layer 140, a perovskite layer 150, a second carrier transport layer 160 and a back electrode 170.

[0052] The preparation method comprises: firstly preparing a 160nm thick FTO layer 120 on the surface of a substrate 110 by magnetron sputtering, wherein the refractive index of the FTO layer 120 is n1=1.6; then depositing a 60nm thick ITO1 layer on the surface of the FTO layer 120 by magnetron sputtering, wherein the refractive index of the ITO1 layer is n2=1.8, such that n2>n1; then depositing a 15nm thick FTO thin layer 181 by magnetron sputtering, wherein the refractive index of the FTO thin layer 181 is n3=1.9, such that n3>n2; then depositing an ITO thin layer 182 by magnetron sputtering, wherein the thickness is 15nm, wherein the refractive index of the ITO thin layer 182 is n4=2.0, such that n4>n3, thereby forming a multi-layer transparent conductive layer structure; and then depositing a first carrier transport layer 140, a perovskite layer 150, a second carrier transport layer 160 and a back electrode 170 in sequence on the surface of the ITO thin layer 182.

[0053] Fourth embodiment

[0054] Please refer to Figure 6 The present embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell module 100, which includes, from bottom to top, a substrate 110, a FTO layer 120, an ITO layer 130, a FTO thin layer 181, an ITO thin layer 182, a first carrier transport layer 140, a perovskite layer 150, a second carrier transport layer 160 and a back electrode 170.

[0055] The preparation method comprises: firstly preparing a 150nm thick FTO layer 120 on the surface of the substrate 110 by magnetron sputtering, the refractive index of the FTO layer 120 is n1=1.6, and locally etching the FTO layer 120 in an array manner with groove defects 121 by using a mask and a gas, the etching depth is 50nm, the etching width is 500nm, and the spacing between any two adjacent groove defects is 30μm; and depositing a 100nm thick ITO layer 130 on the surface of the FTO layer 120 by magnetron sputtering, the refractive index of the ITO layer 130 is n1=1.6. n2=1.8, so that n2>n1; continue to deposit FTO thin layer 181 by magnetron sputtering, with a thickness of 15nm, and the refractive index of FTO thin layer 181 is n3=1.9, so that n3>n2; deposit ITO thin layer 182 by magnetron sputtering, with a thickness of 15nm, and the refractive index of ITO2 layer is n4=2.0, so that n4>n3, to form a multi-layer transparent conductive layer structure; then, the first carrier transport layer 140, the perovskite layer 150, the second carrier transport layer 160 and the back electrode 170 are deposited in sequence on the surface of the ITO thin layer 182.

[0056] In summary, the perovskite solar cell module 100 provided by the utility model can reduce the thickness of the FTO layer 120 by depositing an ITO layer 130 on the surface of the FTO layer 120. The thickness of the FTO layer 120 is 30-200nm, and the thickness of the ITO layer 130 is greater than 50nm. At the same time, the deposition of the ITO layer 130 can also scatter and reflect the sunlight again, extend the light propagation path, and increase the intensity of the incident light on the perovskite active layer. At the same time, the refractive index of the ITO layer 130 is greater than the refractive index of the FTO layer 120, which can make the disordered sunlight more concentrated and further improve the intensity of the incident light on the perovskite active layer; the conductivity of the ITO layer 130 is greater than the conductivity of the FTO layer 120, which can reduce the series resistance. When the surface of the FTO layer 120 is etched to form a groove defect 121, the deposition of the ITO layer 130 can also etch the surface of the FTO layer 120 after etching, which is conducive to reducing the series resistance. At the same time, the groove defect 121 is in an inverted triangle shape, which can scatter and reflect the sunlight multiple times, extend the light propagation path, and increase the intensity of the incident light on the perovskite active layer. The combination of the FTO layer 120 and the ITO layer 130 as a transparent conductive layer can improve the overall performance of the perovskite solar cell (including fill factor, current density, open circuit voltage, efficiency).

[0057] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model, and is not intended to limit the utility model. For those skilled in the art, the utility model can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the utility model shall be included in the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A perovskite solar cell module, characterized in that: It includes, from bottom to top, a substrate, an FTO layer, a first carrier transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second carrier transport layer and a back electrode. An ITO layer is also arranged between the FTO layer and the first carrier transport layer. The thickness of the FTO layer is 30-200nm, the thickness of the ITO layer is greater than 50nm, and the refractive index of the ITO layer is greater than the refractive index of the FTO layer.

2. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductivity of the ITO layer is greater than the conductivity of the FTO layer.

3. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that: An alternating conductive layer is deposited on the surface of the ITO layer, and the alternating conductive layer includes an FTO thin layer and an ITO thin layer which are alternately deposited on the surface of the ITO layer in sequence, and the last layer is an ITO thin layer. The thickness of the FTO thin layer is less than the thickness of the FTO layer, and the thickness of the ITO thin layer is less than the thickness of the ITO layer.

4. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The refractive index of the first FTO thin layer of the alternating conductive layer is greater than the refractive index of the ITO layer.

5. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of layers of the FTO thin layer and the ITO thin layer are both 1-5, and they are arranged alternately, and the refractive index of each layer of the alternating conductive layer increases gradually from bottom to top.

6. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 3, characterized in that: The thickness of any one of the FTO thin layers is 0.1-30 nm, and the thickness of any one of the ITO thin layers is 0.1-30 nm.

7. The perovskite solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: An array of groove defects is etched on the FTO layer. The top of the groove defect is open and the cross section is in the shape of an inverted triangle.

8. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The etching depth of the groove defect is 0.1-100 nm, and the top surface etching width of the groove defect is 0.1-1 μm.

9. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The distance between any two adjacent groove defects is 0.5-50 μm.

10. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that: It comprises the perovskite solar cell module as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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