Fuel cell power generation system based on ammonia-hydrogen conversion technology

Abstract

The utility model provides a fuel cell power generation system based on an ammonia-hydrogen conversion technology, which comprises a liquid ammonia tank provided with an ammonia outlet; an inlet of the starting device is communicated with the ammonia outlet; the first cracker is provided with a first cracking part and a first heating part, an inlet of the first cracking part is communicated with the ammonia outlet, and an inlet of the first heating part is communicated with an outlet of the starting device; the electrochemical purifier is provided with an anode gas inlet, a cathode gas outlet and an anode gas outlet, the anode gas inlet is communicated with an outlet of the first cracking part, and the anode gas outlet is communicated with an inlet of the first heating part; an inlet of the surge tank is communicated with the cathode gas outlet; and an inlet of the fuel cell is communicated with an outlet of the surge tank. Through the technical scheme provided by the invention, the problem that the working efficiency of the fuel cell power generation system within the starting time is relatively low due to relatively long starting time of the fuel cell power generation system in the prior art can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of fuel cell power generation systems based on ammonia-hydrogen conversion technology, and in particular to a fuel cell power generation system based on ammonia-hydrogen conversion technology. Background Art

[0002] At present, the infrastructure for the production, storage and transportation of ammonia is relatively complete, with low transportation costs and no technical difficulties. In addition, the cost of raw materials for converting ammonia into hydrogen is economically feasible. Therefore, ammonia is considered to be the most attractive hydrogen energy carrier for fixed and mobile energy terminal applications, and has significant advantages in application terminals such as heavy vehicles and ships, as well as in long-distance storage and transportation of hydrogen.

[0003] In the prior art, a fuel cell power generation system includes an ammonia cracker, and an electric heating device is provided in the ammonia cracker, and the electric heating device can heat the ammonia and the catalyst in the ammonia cracker so as to crack the ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen. However, during the startup of the fuel cell power generation system, it takes a long time for the electric heating device to gradually heat the ammonia and the catalyst in the ammonia cracker from room temperature to the required temperature, and it takes a long time for the ammonia to crack into hydrogen and nitrogen, so it takes a long time for the hydrogen and nitrogen to flow into the remaining structures, resulting in a long startup time of the fuel cell power generation system, and further resulting in low working efficiency of the fuel cell power generation system during the startup time. Utility Model Content

[0004] The utility model provides a fuel cell power generation system based on ammonia-hydrogen conversion technology to solve the problem that the fuel cell power generation system in the prior art has a long startup time, which leads to low working efficiency of the fuel cell power generation system during the startup time.

[0005] The utility model provides a fuel cell power generation system based on an ammonia-hydrogen conversion technology, the fuel cell power generation system comprising: a liquid ammonia tank, the liquid ammonia tank having an ammonia outlet; a starting device, the inlet of the starting device is connected to the ammonia outlet, the starting device is used to crack ammonia into a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas; a first cracker, the first cracker has a first cracking part and a first heating part which are independently arranged, the inlet of the first cracking part is connected to the ammonia outlet, the inlet of the first heating part is connected to the outlet of the starting device, the first cracking part is used to crack ammonia into a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas cracked by the starting device is burned in the first heating part, and the first heating part is used to heat the first cracking part. A cracking section provides heat; an electrochemical purifier, the electrochemical purifier has an anode air inlet, a cathode air outlet and an anode air outlet, the anode air inlet is connected to the outlet of the first cracking section, the anode air outlet is connected to the inlet of the first heating section, the electrochemical purifier is used to separate hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, the hydrogen separated in the electrochemical purifier is discharged through the cathode air outlet, and the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas that does not participate in purification in the electrochemical purifier is burned in the first heating section; a surge tank, the inlet of the surge tank is connected to the cathode air outlet; a fuel cell, the inlet of the fuel cell is connected to the outlet of the surge tank, and the outlet of the fuel cell is used to discharge unreacted gas in the fuel cell.

[0006] Furthermore, the fuel cell power generation system also includes: a second cracker, the second cracker has a second cracking part and a second heating part which are independently arranged, the inlet of the second cracking part is communicated with the outlet of the first cracking part, the outlet of the second cracking part is communicated with the anode air inlet, the inlet of the second heating part is communicated with the outlet of the first cracking part and the anode air outlet, the second cracking part is used to crack ammonia into a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas cracked by the first cracking part and the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas not involved in purification in the electrochemical purifier are burned in the second heating part, and the second heating part is used to provide heat for the second cracking part.

[0007] Furthermore, the fuel cell power generation system also includes: a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger has a heat exchange channel and a delivery channel that are independent of each other, the inlet of the delivery channel is connected to the outlet of the second cracking part, the outlet of the delivery channel is connected to the anode air inlet, the heat exchange channel is used to input ammonia, and the outlet of the heat exchange channel is connected to the inlet of the first cracking part, and / or the inlet of the second cracking part, and / or the inlet of the starting device.

[0008] Furthermore, the fuel cell power generation system also includes: a liquid ammonia pump, the inlet of the liquid ammonia pump is connected to the ammonia outlet, and the liquid ammonia pump is used to transport liquid ammonia; an evaporator, the inlet of the evaporator is connected to the outlet of the liquid ammonia pump, and the evaporator is used to evaporate liquid ammonia into ammonia gas; an impurity removal device, the inlet of the impurity removal device is connected to the outlet of the evaporator, the outlet of the impurity removal device is connected to the inlet of the first cracking part and the inlet of the starting device, and the impurity removal device is used to remove impurities in the ammonia gas.

[0009] Furthermore, the fuel cell power generation system also includes: a humidifier, the inlet of the humidifier is connected to the outlet of the delivery channel of the heat exchanger, the outlet of the humidifier is connected to the anode air inlet, and the humidifier is used to increase the humidity of the hydrogen; a boost pump, the inlet of the boost pump is connected to the cathode outlet, and the outlet of the boost pump is used to discharge the pressurized hydrogen.

[0010] Furthermore, the fuel cell power generation system also includes: a hydrogen nozzle, the inlet of the hydrogen nozzle is connected to the outlet of the pressure-surge tank, and the outlet of the hydrogen nozzle is connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell.

[0011] Furthermore, the fuel cell power generation system also includes: a recovery pipeline, the inlet of the recovery pipeline is connected to the anode outlet of the fuel cell, and the outlet of the recovery pipeline is connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell; a circulation pump is arranged on the recovery pipeline to drive the gas flow in the recovery pipeline.

[0012] Furthermore, the starting device includes: a reaction tube, the reaction tube having a reaction chamber, a reaction inlet and a reaction outlet, the reaction inlet and the reaction outlet are both connected to the reaction chamber, the reaction inlet and the reaction outlet are respectively located on both sides of the reaction chamber, and the reaction tube is used for ammonia cracking reaction; an air inlet pipe, one end of the air inlet pipe is connected to the ammonia outlet, and the other end of the air inlet pipe is connected to the reaction inlet, and the air inlet pipe is used to transport ammonia; an air outlet pipe, one end of the air outlet pipe is connected to the inlet of the first heating part, and the other end of the air outlet pipe is connected to the reaction outlet; a heating tube, the heating tube can provide heat for the reaction tube.

[0013] By applying the technical solution of the utility model, the ammonia outlet of the liquid ammonia tank is connected with the inlet of the starting device and the inlet of the first cracking part, and the ammonia in the liquid ammonia tank can enter the starting device and the first cracking part. The hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas produced by cracking in the starting device can be transported to the first heating part for combustion, thereby providing heat for the ammonia and the catalyst in the first cracking part. The hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas produced by cracking in the first cracking part is passed into the electrochemical purifier for separation, and the separated hydrogen enters the pressure-stabilizing tank through the cathode outlet, and then passes into the fuel cell to generate energy, and the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas that does not participate in separation and purification can be passed into the first heating part through the anode outlet for combustion. In this way, during the startup process of the fuel cell power generation system, the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas produced by cracking in the starting device can provide a high-temperature environment for the first cracking part after passing into the first heating part, thereby facilitating the cracking of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas in the first cracking part, so that the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas is circulated to the electrochemical purifier and other structures, thereby reducing the startup time of the fuel cell power generation system, and further improving the working efficiency of the fuel cell power generation system during the startup time. In addition, the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas that is not purified in the electrochemical purifier can also be transported to the first heating part for combustion, which can reduce energy consumption and avoid waste of hydrogen. At the same time, the pressure-surge tank can ensure the stability of the hydrogen entering the fuel cell and avoid fluctuations in the energy generated by the fuel cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The drawings constituting part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present invention. In the drawings:

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell power generation system based on an ammonia-hydrogen conversion technology provided according to an embodiment of the utility model is shown;

[0016] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a starting device provided according to an embodiment of the utility model is shown.

[0017] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0018] 10. Liquid ammonia tank;

[0019] 20. Starting device;

[0020] 21. Reaction tube;

[0021] 22. Inlet pipe; 23. Outlet pipe; 24. Heating pipe;

[0022] 30. The first cracker;

[0023] 40. Electrochemical purifier;

[0024] 50. Second cracker;

[0025] 60. Heat exchanger;

[0026] 71. Liquid ammonia pump; 72. Evaporator; 73. Impurity removal device; 74. Humidifier; 75. Booster pump;

[0027] 80. Valve;

[0028] 100. Pressure stabilizing tank;

[0029] 200, hydrogen nozzle;

[0030] 300. Fuel cell;

[0031] 400. Recovery pipeline; 500. Circulation pump. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means a limitation on the utility model and its application or use. Based on the embodiments in the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0033] like Figure 1 to Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides a fuel cell power generation system based on ammonia-hydrogen conversion technology, and the fuel cell power generation system includes a liquid ammonia tank 10, a starting device 20, a first cracker 30, an electrochemical purifier 40, a surge tank 100 and a fuel cell 300. The liquid ammonia tank 10 has an ammonia outlet. The inlet of the starting device 20 is connected to the ammonia outlet, and the starting device 20 is used to crack ammonia into a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas. The first cracker 30 has a first cracking part and a first heating part that are independently arranged. The inlet of the first cracking part is connected to the ammonia outlet, and the inlet of the first heating part is connected to the outlet of the starting device 20. The first cracking part is used to crack ammonia into a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas. The hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas cracked by the starting device 20 is burned in the first heating part, and the first heating part is used to provide heat for the first cracking part. The electrochemical purifier 40 has an anode gas inlet, a cathode gas outlet and an anode gas outlet. The anode gas inlet is connected to the outlet of the first cracking part, and the anode gas outlet is connected to the inlet of the first heating part. The electrochemical purifier 40 is used to separate the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas. The hydrogen separated in the electrochemical purifier 40 is discharged through the cathode gas outlet. The hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas that does not participate in the purification in the electrochemical purifier 40 is burned in the first heating part. The inlet of the surge tank 100 is connected to the cathode gas outlet. The inlet of the fuel cell 300 is connected to the outlet of the surge tank 100, and the outlet of the fuel cell 300 is used to discharge the unreacted gas in the fuel cell 300.

[0034] By applying the technical solution of the present application, the ammonia outlet of the liquid ammonia tank 10 is connected to the inlet of the starting device 20 and the inlet of the first cracking part, and the ammonia in the liquid ammonia tank 10 can enter the starting device 20 and the first cracking part. The hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas produced by cracking in the starting device 20 can be transported to the first heating part for combustion, thereby providing heat for the ammonia and the catalyst in the first cracking part. The hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas produced by cracking in the first cracking part is passed into the electrochemical purifier 40 for separation, and the separated hydrogen enters the surge tank 100 through the cathode outlet, and then passes into the fuel cell 300 for production, and the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas that does not participate in separation and purification can be passed into the first heating part through the anode outlet for combustion. With such arrangement, during the startup process of the fuel cell power generation system, the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas generated by the cracking of the starting device 20 can provide a high temperature environment for the first cracking part after being passed into the first heating part, thereby facilitating the cracking of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas in the first cracking part, and thus facilitating the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas to flow into the electrochemical purifier 40 and other structures, thereby reducing the startup time of the fuel cell power generation system, and further improving the working efficiency of the fuel cell power generation system within the startup time. In addition, the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas that is not involved in the purification in the electrochemical purifier 40 can also be transported to the first heating part for combustion, which can reduce energy consumption and avoid waste of hydrogen. At the same time, the surge tank 100 can ensure the stability of the hydrogen passed into the fuel cell 300, and avoid fluctuations in the energy generated by the fuel cell 300.

[0035] When the fuel cell power generation system is started and can operate normally, the starting device 20 stops working.

[0036] Specifically, in the present application, the electrochemical purifier 40 includes two end plates, an anode plate, a cathode plate, and a membrane electrode assembly.

[0037] The anode plate, the cathode plate and the membrane electrode assembly are arranged between the two end plates, and the membrane electrode assembly is arranged between the anode plate and the cathode plate.

[0038] Both end plates are provided with connection holes, and the two end plates fasten the anode plate, cathode plate and membrane electrode assembly through the connection holes and bolts. At the same time, the end plates can protect the anode plate, cathode plate and membrane electrode assembly to prevent the anode plate, cathode plate and membrane electrode assembly from being damaged.

[0039] An anode gas inlet and an anode gas outlet are arranged on the end plate close to the anode plate, and a cathode gas outlet is arranged on the end plate close to the cathode plate.

[0040] The hydrogen-nitrogen mixture enters between the anode plate and the cathode plate through the anode air inlet and undergoes redox reaction on the membrane electrode assembly. The hydrogen is discharged from the cathode outlet and the unreacted gas is discharged from the anode outlet.

[0041] The anode plate and the cathode plate cooperate to support the membrane electrode assembly, and the anode plate and the cathode plate are provided with gas flow channels for gas circulation, and the anode plate and the cathode plate are provided with coolant flow channels, and the coolant can cool the electrochemical purifier 40 to ensure the normal reaction. In addition, the cathode plate and the anode plate can prevent the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas from mixing with the purified hydrogen, so that the electrochemical purifier 40 can perform the purification work normally.

[0042] The membrane electrode assembly is a site of multiphase material transport and electrochemical reactions related to energy conversion, involving three-phase interface reactions and complex mass transfer and heat transfer processes. The membrane electrode directly determines the performance, life and cost of the electrochemical purifier 40.

[0043] Specifically, the membrane electrode assembly includes a proton exchange membrane, an anode catalyst layer, a cathode catalyst layer, an anode gas diffusion layer and a cathode gas diffusion layer. The anode gas diffusion layer abuts against the anode plate, the cathode gas diffusion layer abuts against the cathode plate, and the anode gas diffusion layer, the anode catalyst layer, the proton exchange membrane, the cathode catalyst layer and the cathode gas diffusion layer are arranged in sequence.

[0044] The proton exchange membrane can prevent the gases before and after the reaction from communicating with each other; and the proton exchange membrane only allows protons to pass through, while blocking the transfer of electrons.

[0045] Among them, the staff can select the materials of the anode catalyst layer and the cathode catalyst layer according to the needs. Optionally, a platinum (Pt) catalyst can be used.

[0046] The gas diffusion layer is a porous composite made of conductive material. The gas diffusion layer can not only provide a channel for the gas to diffuse from the gas flow channel of the electrode plate to the catalyst layer, but also play a supporting role for the catalyst layer.

[0047] Furthermore, the electrochemical purifier 40 also includes an anode current collecting plate and a cathode current collecting plate, the anode current collecting plate contacts the anode plate, the cathode current collecting plate contacts the cathode plate, the anode current collecting plate and the cathode current collecting plate are made of copper, and an insulating gasket is provided between the anode current collecting plate and the cathode current collecting plate and the end plate to prevent the end plate from being charged. The insulating gasket is made of a synthetic material with good insulation and certain elasticity.

[0048] Furthermore, in the present application, there are sealing gaskets between the stacked parts in the electrochemical purifier 40 to prevent gas and liquid leakage.

[0049] The electrochemical purifier 40 has an anode for hydrogen oxidation reaction and a cathode for hydrogen reduction reaction. The anode plate and the anode catalyst layer are located at the anode, and the cathode plate and the cathode catalyst layer are located at the cathode.

[0050] In order to better understand the present solution, the working principle of the electrochemical purifier 40 is as follows:

[0051] The hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas enters the electrochemical purifier 40 from the anode gas inlet;

[0052] The anode plate distributes the hydrogen and nitrogen mixed gas;

[0053] Hydrogen molecules pass through the anode gas diffusion layer to the anode catalyst layer, and an oxidation reaction occurs at the three-phase interface of the reaction gas, catalyst and electrolyte membrane, oxidizing the hydrogen molecules into protons and electrons, that is, H2→2H + +2e - ;

[0054] Under the action of external voltage, protons are transferred through the proton exchange membrane toward the cathode catalyst layer, and electrons are conducted to the external circuit through the anode catalyst layer, the anode gas diffusion layer and the anode plate;

[0055] Hydrogen ions are transferred to the cathode through the proton exchange membrane by proton exchange;

[0056] The hydrogen protons transferred from the anode and the electrons transferred through the external circuit combine and recombine to form hydrogen molecules, namely 2H + +2e - →H2.

[0057] Hydrogen passes through the cathode gas diffusion layer and cathode plate, and is then discharged from the cathode outlet.

[0058] Furthermore, in the prior art, since an electric heating device is provided in the cracker, the electric heating device needs to be electrically connected to an external power supply structure, but this will result in a complex structure of the ammonia cracker and an excessively large volume of the ammonia cracker, thereby resulting in a complex structure and a large volume of the fuel cell power generation system.

[0059] However, in the present application, it is only necessary to transport the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture to the first heating part for combustion, which has a simpler structure and can reduce the volume of the first cracker 30, thereby simplifying the structure of the fuel cell power generation system, reducing the volume of the fuel cell power generation system, and making it easier for workers to use the fuel cell power generation system to generate electricity.

[0060] Furthermore, in the present application, the first cracking part is heated by burning a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, which can avoid the generation of harmful gases due to incomplete combustion of ammonia during the direct combustion of ammonia, thereby ensuring the safe production of hydrogen.

[0061] In the present application, a valve 80 is provided between the start-up device 20 and the liquid ammonia tank 10, so as to control the flow rate of ammonia gas flowing into the start-up device 20. A valve 80 is provided between the liquid ammonia tank 10 and the first cracker 30, so as to control the flow rate of ammonia gas flowing into the first cracker 30. The staff can control the opening of the valve 80 to control the speed of ammonia cracking.

[0062] In addition, a valve 80 is provided between the outlet of the starting device 20 and the first heating part, so as to control the flow rate of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas delivered to the first heating part.

[0063] Specifically, in the present application, the valve 80 is a check valve.

[0064] Furthermore, the fuel cell power generation system further includes a second cracker 50, and the second cracker 50 has a second cracking part and a second heating part which are independently arranged.

[0065] The inlet of the second cracking part is connected to the outlet of the first cracking part, and the outlet of the second cracking part is connected to the anode air inlet. The second cracking part can crack the uncracked ammonia in the first cracking part, thereby ensuring the efficiency of ammonia cracking, so that ammonia can be effectively cracked and ammonia waste is avoided. The hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas produced by the cracking of the second cracking part is passed into the electrochemical purifier 40 for separation, and the separated hydrogen is used to provide fuel for the fuel cell 300.

[0066] Further, in the present application, the second cracking inlet is also communicated with the ammonia outlet.

[0067] In the present application, part of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas cracked by the first cracking part enters the electrochemical purifier 40, and part enters the second heating part.

[0068] The inlet of the second heating part is connected with the outlet of the first cracking part and the anode gas outlet. The second cracking part is used to crack ammonia into hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas. The hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas cracked by the first cracking part and the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas that is not involved in purification in the electrochemical purifier 40 are burned in the second heating part. The second heating part is used to provide heat for the second cracking part. The hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas generated in the first cracking part and the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas that is not involved in purification in the electrochemical purifier 40 can be passed into the second heating part for combustion. Such a configuration can provide a high-temperature environment for the second cracking part, so that ammonia can generate hydrogen in the second cracking part.

[0069] Furthermore, the outlet of the first heating part and the outlet of the second heating part are connected to the recovery structure, and the recovery structure can recover the waste gas generated after the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas is burned in the second heating part. Such an arrangement can avoid pollution to the environment.

[0070] Among them, the fuel cell power generation system also includes a heat exchanger 60, which has independent heat exchange channels and delivery channels. The inlet of the delivery channel is connected to the outlet of the second cracking part, and the outlet of the delivery channel is connected to the anode air inlet. The heat exchange channel is used to input ammonia, and the outlet of the heat exchange channel is connected to the inlet of the first cracking part, and / or the inlet of the second cracking part, and / or the inlet of the starting device 20.

[0071] With such arrangement, the ammonia in the heat exchange channel can absorb the heat of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixture in the transport channel, thereby increasing the heat of the ammonia, thereby enabling the ammonia to reach the cracking temperature faster, reducing the heating time, and increasing the heat exchange rate. At the same time, the heat exchange can utilize the excess heat, save energy, and reduce energy consumption, thereby facilitating the cracking of ammonia in the first cracking section, and / or the second cracking section, and / or the starting device 20 to produce hydrogen.

[0072] In the present application, the outlet of the heat exchange channel is connected to the inlet of the first cracking part, the inlet of the second cracking part and the inlet of the starting device 20 .

[0073] Furthermore, the fuel cell power generation system further includes a liquid ammonia pump 71, an evaporator 72 and an impurity removal device 73. The inlet of the liquid ammonia pump 71 is connected to the ammonia outlet, and the liquid ammonia pump 71 is used to transport liquid ammonia. The inlet of the evaporator 72 is connected to the outlet of the liquid ammonia pump 71, and the evaporator 72 is used to evaporate liquid ammonia into ammonia gas. Such a configuration facilitates driving the ammonia gas to flow into the evaporator 72, and facilitates the subsequent cracking of the ammonia gas in the starting device 20, the first cracking part and the second cracking part.

[0074] Specifically, in the present application, a valve 80 is provided between the liquid ammonia tank 10 and the liquid ammonia pump 71 so as to control the flow of the liquid ammonia. The valve 80 is a check valve to prevent the liquid ammonia from flowing back.

[0075] The inlet of the impurity removal device 73 is connected to the outlet of the evaporator 72, and the outlet of the impurity removal device 73 is connected to the inlet of the first cracking part and the inlet of the starting device 20. The impurity removal device 73 is used to remove impurities in the ammonia. In this way, the impurity removal device 73 can remove impurities such as sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide in the ammonia to avoid affecting the cracking of the ammonia in the reaction structure and the first cracking part.

[0076] Furthermore, the fuel cell power generation system further includes a humidifier 74 and a booster pump 75. The inlet of the humidifier 74 is connected to the outlet of the delivery channel of the heat exchanger 60, and the outlet of the humidifier 74 is connected to the anode air inlet. The humidifier 74 is used to increase the humidity of the hydrogen. Such an arrangement can meet the humidity requirements in the process of separating the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, and facilitate the electrochemical purifier 40 to separate the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas.

[0077] Specifically, the booster pump 75 can boost the pressure of the hydrogen gas discharged after purification.

[0078] The inlet of the boost pump 75 is connected to the cathode outlet, and the outlet of the boost pump 75 is used to discharge the pressurized hydrogen. This arrangement facilitates the subsequent storage of hydrogen, reduces the storage volume required for hydrogen, and also facilitates the fuel cell 300 to use hydrogen for power generation.

[0079] Specifically, the fuel cell power generation system further includes a hydrogen nozzle 200. The inlet of the hydrogen nozzle 200 is connected to the outlet of the surge tank 100, and the outlet of the hydrogen nozzle 200 is connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell 300. This arrangement can ensure the uniformity of the distribution of hydrogen after entering the fuel cell 300.

[0080] Furthermore, the fuel cell power generation system further includes a recovery pipeline 400 and a circulation pump 500. The inlet of the recovery pipeline 400 is communicated with the anode outlet of the fuel cell 300, and the outlet of the recovery pipeline 400 is communicated with the anode inlet of the fuel cell 300. The circulation pump 500 is arranged on the recovery pipeline 400 to drive the gas flow in the recovery pipeline 400. Such an arrangement can avoid that part of the combustible gas such as hydrogen is not burned and is directly discharged, thereby ensuring the utilization rate of the combustible gas such as hydrogen and reducing the loss of energy.

[0081] Further, in this embodiment, a valve 80 may be provided between two adjacent structures to control the flow of the fluid, and the valve 80 may be a check valve.

[0082] like Figure 2 As shown, the starting device 20 includes a reaction tube 21, an air inlet pipe 22, an air outlet pipe 23 and a heating tube 24. The reaction tube 21 has a reaction chamber, a reaction inlet and a reaction outlet, the reaction inlet and the reaction outlet are both connected to the reaction chamber, and the reaction inlet and the reaction outlet are respectively located on both sides of the reaction chamber, and the reaction tube 21 is used for ammonia cracking reaction. One end of the air inlet pipe 22 is connected to the ammonia outlet, and the other end of the air inlet pipe 22 is connected to the reaction inlet, and the air inlet pipe 22 is used to transport ammonia. One end of the air outlet pipe 23 is connected to the inlet of the first heating part, and the other end of the air outlet pipe 23 is connected to the reaction outlet. The heating tube 24 can provide heat for the reaction tube 21. Such a configuration has a simple structure, which is convenient for ammonia to crack in the reaction chamber to produce a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas. And because the reaction inlet and the reaction outlet are respectively located on both sides of the reaction chamber, it is possible to avoid mixing of the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas and ammonia, thereby reducing the ammonia flow rate into the first heating part.

[0083] And there is a catalyst in the reaction chamber, and the catalyst can be foamed nickel.

[0084] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0085] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions and numerical values ​​of the parts and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the utility model. At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. The technology, method and equipment known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but in appropriate cases, the technology, method and equipment should be considered as a part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be interpreted as being merely exemplary, rather than as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once a certain item is defined in an accompanying drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0086] In the description of the present utility model, it needs to be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by directional words such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "lateral, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" are usually based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise specified, these directional words do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present utility model; the directional words "inside and outside" refer to the inside and outside relative to the contours of each component itself.

[0087] For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "above", "above", "on the upper surface of", "above", etc. may be used here to describe the spatial positional relationship between a device or feature and other devices or features as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatially relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation described in the figure. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is inverted, the device described as "above other devices or structures" or "above other devices or structures" will be positioned as "below other devices or structures" or "below other devices or structures". Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below". The device can also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatially relative descriptions used here are interpreted accordingly.

[0088] In addition, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to limit components is only for the convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components. If not otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0089] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model, and is not intended to limit the utility model. For those skilled in the art, the utility model can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the utility model shall be included in the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A fuel cell power generation system based on ammonia-hydrogen conversion technology, characterized in that: The fuel cell power generation system comprises: A liquid ammonia tank (10), wherein the liquid ammonia tank (10) has an ammonia outlet; A starting device (20), the inlet of the starting device (20) being in communication with the ammonia outlet, and the starting device (20) being used for cracking ammonia into a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas; a first cracker (30), the first cracker (30) comprising a first cracking section and a first heating section which are independently arranged, the inlet of the first cracking section being in communication with the ammonia outlet, the inlet of the first heating section being in communication with the outlet of the starting device (20), the first cracking section being used for cracking ammonia into a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas cracked by the starting device (20) being burned in the first heating section, and the first heating section being used for providing heat for the first cracking section; An electrochemical purifier (40), the electrochemical purifier (40) having an anode gas inlet, a cathode gas outlet and an anode gas outlet, the anode gas inlet being connected to the outlet of the first cracking section, the anode gas outlet being connected to the inlet of the first heating section, the electrochemical purifier (40) being used to separate a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, the hydrogen separated in the electrochemical purifier (40) being discharged through the cathode gas outlet, and the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas not involved in purification in the electrochemical purifier (40) being burned in the first heating section; A pressure stabilizing tank (100), wherein the inlet of the pressure stabilizing tank (100) is in communication with the cathode gas outlet; A fuel cell (300), wherein the inlet of the fuel cell (300) is connected to the outlet of the surge tank (100), and the outlet of the fuel cell (300) is used to discharge unreacted gas in the fuel cell (300).

2. The fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell power generation system further comprises: A second cracker (50), wherein the second cracker (50) comprises a second cracking section and a second heating section which are independently arranged, wherein the inlet of the second cracking section is communicated with the outlet of the first cracking section, the outlet of the second cracking section is communicated with the anode gas inlet, the inlet of the second heating section is communicated with the outlet of the first cracking section and the anode gas outlet, the second cracking section is used to crack ammonia into a hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas, the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas cracked by the first cracking section and the hydrogen-nitrogen mixed gas not involved in purification in the electrochemical purifier (40) are burned in the second heating section, and the second heating section is used to provide heat for the second cracking section.

3. The fuel cell power generation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fuel cell power generation system further comprises: A heat exchanger (60), wherein the heat exchanger (60) has a heat exchange channel and a delivery channel that are independent of each other, wherein the inlet of the delivery channel is connected to the outlet of the second cracking section, and the outlet of the delivery channel is connected to the anode air inlet, and the heat exchange channel is used to input ammonia gas, and the outlet of the heat exchange channel is connected to the inlet of the first cracking section, and / or the inlet of the second cracking section, and / or the inlet of the starting device (20).

4. The fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell power generation system further comprises: a liquid ammonia pump (71), the inlet of the liquid ammonia pump (71) being connected to the ammonia outlet, and the liquid ammonia pump (71) being used for conveying liquid ammonia; an evaporator (72), wherein the inlet of the evaporator (72) is connected to the outlet of the liquid ammonia pump (71), and the evaporator (72) is used to evaporate the liquid ammonia into ammonia gas; An impurity removal device (73), wherein the inlet of the impurity removal device (73) is connected to the outlet of the evaporator (72), and the outlet of the impurity removal device (73) is connected to the inlet of the first cracking section and the inlet of the starting device (20), and the impurity removal device (73) is used to remove impurities in the ammonia gas.

5. The fuel cell power generation system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fuel cell power generation system further comprises: a humidifier (74), wherein the inlet of the humidifier (74) is communicated with the outlet of the delivery channel of the heat exchanger (60), the outlet of the humidifier (74) is communicated with the anode air inlet, and the humidifier (74) is used to increase the humidity of the hydrogen; A boost pump (75), wherein the inlet of the boost pump (75) is connected to the cathode gas outlet, and the outlet of the boost pump (75) is used to discharge the pressurized hydrogen.

6. The fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell power generation system further comprises: A hydrogen nozzle (200), wherein the inlet of the hydrogen nozzle (200) is connected to the outlet of the surge tank (100), and the outlet of the hydrogen nozzle (200) is connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell (300).

7. The fuel cell power generation system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fuel cell power generation system further comprises: A recovery pipeline (400), wherein the inlet of the recovery pipeline (400) is connected to the anode outlet of the fuel cell (300), and the outlet of the recovery pipeline (400) is connected to the anode inlet of the fuel cell (300); A circulation pump (500) is arranged on the recovery pipeline (400) to drive the gas flow in the recovery pipeline (400).

8. The fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The starting device (20) comprises: A reaction tube (21), the reaction tube (21) comprising a reaction chamber, a reaction inlet and a reaction outlet, the reaction inlet and the reaction outlet both being in communication with the reaction chamber, the reaction inlet and the reaction outlet being respectively located at two sides of the reaction chamber, the reaction tube (21) being used for an ammonia cracking reaction; an air inlet pipe (22), one end of the air inlet pipe (22) being in communication with the ammonia outlet, and the other end of the air inlet pipe (22) being in communication with the reaction inlet, and the air inlet pipe (22) being used for conveying ammonia; an air outlet pipe (23), one end of the air outlet pipe (23) being in communication with the inlet of the first heating portion, and the other end of the air outlet pipe (23) being in communication with the reaction outlet; A heating tube (24), wherein the heating tube (24) can provide heat for the reaction tube (21).

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