Efficient heating fixed bed reactor

Abstract

The utility model discloses an efficient heating fixed bed reactor which comprises a reactor, an oil bath heating jacket connected with an external electric control device is sleeved at the outer end of the reactor, a feed port is arranged at the top of the reactor, and a spiral diffuser which is communicated with the feed port and extends into the reactor is arranged at the lower end of the feed port. A primary distribution structure, a secondary distribution structure, a catalyst layer and a supporting layer are sequentially arranged in the reactor below the spiral diffuser. According to the utility model, heat is provided for the reactor by adopting an oil bath heating mode, so that the heat transmission is more uniform, and the temperature change is more accurately controlled; the top spiral diffuser is matched with the multi-stage distributor, so that the material mixing uniformity is improved; and in addition, the catalyst filling layer adopts a baffling structure, so that the mixing and convection of fluid in the equipment are increased, the temperature gradient is reduced, and the temperature distribution is more uniform, thereby ensuring the reaction quality and effectively improving the reaction efficiency at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of reactors, in particular to a high-efficiency heating fixed bed reactor. Background Art

[0002] Fixed bed reactor is a type of reactor widely used in chemical, petrochemical, oil refining and other fields. It is widely used in teaching experiments and scientific research projects of universities and scientific research institutions due to its advantages of high conversion rate, continuous operation, controllable heat, simple structure and convenient operation. Fixed bed reactor refers to a reactor filled with granular solid catalysts or solid reactants to form a stacked bed layer of a certain height. Gas or liquid materials flow through the static fixed bed layer through the gaps between particles to achieve a heterogeneous reaction process.

[0003] The disadvantages of existing fixed bed reactors are:

[0004] (1) The heat transfer effect of existing fixed bed reactors is relatively poor. Since the catalyst particles are stationary and have limited thermal conductivity, the heat generated during the catalytic reaction is difficult to transfer effectively.

[0005] (2) The existing fixed bed reactor has a low catalyst efficiency coefficient and a short reaction process, which may result in incomplete reaction and unreacted excess materials;

[0006] (3) The existing fixed bed reactor is sometimes unable to precisely control the temperature and cannot meet some strictly controlled operating conditions.

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, a high-efficiency heating fixed bed reactor is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0008] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a high-efficiency heating fixed bed reactor in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.

[0009] The technical solution adopted by the utility model is as follows: a high-efficiency heating fixed bed reactor, comprising a reactor, the outer end of the reactor is covered with an oil bath heating jacket connected to an external electric control device, the top of the reactor is provided with a feed port, and a spiral diffuser connected to the feed port and extending to the interior of the reactor is provided at the lower end of the feed port, and a primary distribution structure, a secondary distribution structure, a catalyst layer and a supporting layer are provided in sequence inside the reactor below the spiral diffuser.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the primary distribution structure and the secondary distribution structure both include partitions and baffles, a plurality of guide ports are evenly arranged on the partitions, and the baffles are "U"-shaped and cover the outer ends of the guide ports.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, a distribution channel is formed between the baffle and the guide port, and the guide ports in the primary distribution structure and the secondary distribution structure are arranged in opposite directions.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the radius of the spiral diffuser body gradually increases from top to bottom and approaches the radius of the reactor.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the catalyst layer is in a zigzag shape from top to bottom as a whole.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the supporting layer is placed at the lower end of the catalyst layer, and the supporting layer is formed by combining a plurality of ceramic balls.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, a discharge port is provided at the bottom end of the reactor, and a gas outlet higher than the discharge port is provided on the lower side wall of the reactor.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the outer end of the oil bath heating jacket is coated with a thermal insulation layer.

[0017] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0018] 1. In the present invention, the present invention adopts oil bath heating to provide heat for the reactor, so that the heat transfer is more uniform and the temperature change is more accurately controlled, which is conducive to providing stable reaction conditions, thereby ensuring the reaction quality.

[0019] 2. In the utility model, the top spiral diffuser is used in combination with a multi-stage distributor to improve the uniformity of material mixing, while extending the reaction time of the material inside the reactor, improving the heat exchange efficiency, and achieving efficient processing in a limited space;

[0020] 3. In the utility model, the catalyst filling layer adopts a baffle structure to increase the mixing and convection of the fluid inside the equipment, reduce the temperature gradient, and make the temperature distribution more uniform. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the initial distribution structure in the utility model.

[0023] Markings in the figure: 1-feed port, 2-discharge port, 3-exhaust port, 4-oil bath heating jacket, 5-spiral diffuser, 6-primary distribution structure, 61-baffle, 62-guide port, 63-distribution channel, 64-partition, 7-secondary distribution structure, 8-catalyst layer, 9-support layer, 10-reactor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the utility model more clear, the utility model is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the utility model and are not used to limit the utility model.

[0025] Reference Figure 1-2 A high-efficiency heated fixed bed reactor comprises a reactor 10. An oil bath heating jacket 4 connected to an external electric control device is mounted on the outer end of the reactor 10. The oil bath heating method is used to provide heat to the reactor 10, so that the heat transfer is more uniform and the temperature change is more accurately controlled, which is conducive to providing stable reaction conditions, thereby ensuring the reaction quality.

[0026] Among them, the oil bath heating jacket 4 is a structure currently commonly used in reactors. The specific structure will not be repeated here. The oil bath heating jacket 4 mainly includes a jacket with an oil bath cavity (filled with oil) (including a refueling port and an oil drain port with a valve to meet the oil change operation), and an electric heating wire is installed in the oil bath cavity. The oil is heated by the electric heating wire. The electric heating wire is electrically connected to an external electric control device. The heating power of the electric heating wire is controlled by the electric control device. The required temperature can be adjusted at any time according to the use conditions.

[0027] Furthermore, a feed port 1 is provided at the top of the reactor 10, and a spiral diffuser 5 is provided at the lower end of the feed port 1 which is connected thereto and extends into the interior of the reactor 10. The main radius of the spiral diffuser 5 gradually expands from top to bottom and approaches the radius of the reactor 10. The spiral structure of the spiral diffuser 5 which gradually expands from top to bottom causes the material to form a turbulent flow state, which helps to mix the material evenly. At the same time, the material inside performs a horizontal rotation motion from top to bottom, which can extend the residence time of the material and achieve efficient processing in a limited space.

[0028] Furthermore, below the spiral diffuser 5, inside the reactor 10, a primary distribution structure 6, a secondary distribution structure 7, a catalyst layer 8 and a supporting layer 9 are sequentially arranged. The primary distribution structure 6 and the secondary distribution structure 7 both include a partition 64 and a baffle 61. A plurality of guide ports 62 are evenly arranged on the partition 64. The baffle 61 is "U"-shaped and is covered on the outer end of the guide port 62. A distribution channel 63 is formed between the baffle 61 and the guide port 62. The guide ports 62 in the primary distribution structure 6 and the secondary distribution structure 7 are arranged in opposite directions. When there are some particulate matter in the material, when passing through the primary distribution structure 6, the cooperation between the baffle 61 and the guide port 62 can effectively intercept and store the scale in the material, reduce the influence of impure materials on subsequent reactions and catalysts, and ensure the long-term operation of the device.

[0029] The distribution channel 63 formed at the same time also has the function of reducing impact and adjusting flow state, converting the feed oblique flow into a vertical flow, eliminating the feed impact force, and providing a good initial distribution for the secondary distribution structure 7 below. The material then enters the secondary distribution structure 7, further mixing the material evenly and improving the efficiency of subsequent reactions.

[0030] Furthermore, the catalyst layer 8 as a whole has a zigzag structure from top to bottom. The catalyst layer 8 adopts a baffle structure to increase the mixing and convection of the fluid inside the equipment, extend the reaction time of the material inside the reactor, improve the heat exchange efficiency, reduce the temperature gradient, and make the temperature distribution more uniform.

[0031] Furthermore, the supporting layer 9 is placed at the lower end of the catalyst layer 8. The supporting layer 9 is formed by a combination of multiple ceramic balls. The ceramic balls can withstand corrosion from acids, alkalis and other organic solvents and adapt to temperature changes occurring during the production process. The ceramic balls can also increase gas or liquid distribution points to support and protect active catalysts with low strength.

[0032] Furthermore, a discharge port 2 is provided at the bottom end of the reactor 10, and an exhaust port 3 which is higher than the discharge port 2 is provided on the lower side wall of the reactor 10. The reaction product can flow out through the discharge port 2, and excess gas is released from the exhaust port 3. Since the exhaust port 3 is higher than the discharge port 2, the reaction material is also prevented from being discharged from the exhaust port 3.

[0033] The discharge port 2, the exhaust port 3 and the feed port 1 are provided with connecting flanges for connecting with other pipelines and systems.

[0034] Furthermore, the outer end of the oil bath heating jacket 4 is coated with a heat-insulating layer, and the heat-insulating layer can be used to keep the oil bath heating jacket 4 warm, thereby reducing heat loss and ensuring the heating effect on the internal reaction substances.

[0035] The insulation layer may be made of extruded board, insulation board and other materials, which are not limited here.

[0036] In summary, the overall oil bath heating method is adopted to provide heat for the reactor, so that the heat transfer is more uniform and the temperature change is controlled more accurately. Secondly, the top spiral diffuser 5 is used in combination with a multi-stage distributor to improve the uniformity of material mixing. In addition, the catalyst filling layer adopts a baffle structure to increase the mixing and convection of the fluid inside the equipment, reduce the temperature gradient, and make the temperature distribution more uniform, thereby ensuring the reaction quality while effectively improving the reaction efficiency, which has advantages that current reactors do not have.

[0037] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency heated fixed bed reactor, comprising a reactor, characterized in that: The outer end of the reactor is provided with an oil bath heating jacket connected to an external electric control device, the top of the reactor is provided with a feed port, and a spiral diffuser connected to the feed port and extending to the interior of the reactor is provided at the lower end of the feed port, and a primary distribution structure, a secondary distribution structure, a catalyst layer and a supporting layer are provided in sequence inside the reactor below the spiral diffuser.

2. A high-efficiency heated fixed bed reactor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The primary distribution structure and the secondary distribution structure both include a partition and a baffle, a plurality of guide ports are evenly arranged on the partition, and the baffle is "U"-shaped and covers the outer end of the guide port.

3. A high-efficiency heated fixed bed reactor as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: A distribution channel is formed between the baffle and the guide port, and the guide ports in the primary distribution structure and the secondary distribution structure are arranged in opposite directions.

4. A high-efficiency heated fixed bed reactor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The radius of the spiral diffuser body gradually increases from top to bottom and approaches the radius of the reactor.

5. A high-efficiency heated fixed bed reactor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The catalyst layer is in a zigzag shape from top to bottom as a whole.

6. A high-efficiency heated fixed bed reactor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting layer is placed at the lower end of the catalyst layer, and the supporting layer is formed by combining a plurality of ceramic balls.

7. A high-efficiency heated fixed bed reactor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A discharge port is provided at the bottom end of the reactor, and an exhaust port higher than the discharge port is provided on the lower side wall of the reactor.

8. A high-efficiency heated fixed bed reactor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The outer end of the oil bath heating jacket is coated with a thermal insulation layer.

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