Roadbed slope stability monitoring system

Abstract

The utility model relates to a roadbed slope stability monitoring system. The roadbed slope stability monitoring system comprises an anchoring plate arranged on the middle line of a roadbed and measuring devices arranged on slopes on the two sides of the roadbed respectively. The measuring device comprises an observation plate fixedly arranged on the side slope and a measuring and transmitting unit fixedly arranged on the observation plate. The measuring and transmitting unit comprises an equipment box, a displacement sensor arranged in the equipment box, an analog quantity acquisition module electrically connected with the displacement sensor and a data transmission unit. The two ends of the anchoring plate are respectively provided with a pull rope used for being connected with a displacement sensor. The roadbed slope stability monitoring system is low in total cost, simple in system composition, high in structural independence, convenient to install and maintain, and capable of achieving real-time on-line monitoring, providing roadbed slope stability real-time data and guaranteeing safe and reliable operation of a roadbed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of railway roadbed engineering, and in particular relates to a roadbed slope stability monitoring system. Background Art

[0002] The stability of the roadbed slopes of transportation projects such as railways and highways is crucial to operational safety. Once the slope instability is not discovered in time, it will cause serious traffic safety accidents. Therefore, the transportation department has always attached great importance to the stability monitoring of roadbed slopes.

[0003] The key point of roadbed slope stability monitoring is to obtain the displacement information of the slope in time. Traditional slope monitoring mainly relies on manual monitoring. The conventional practice is that maintenance personnel conduct on-site inspections and monitor and judge the stability of the slope through manual visual inspection. This method cannot timely and comprehensively grasp the potential safety risks of the slope. For slopes with potential risk of instability, manual inspections are combined with regular or irregular measurements with simple equipment such as total stations and levels. There are shortcomings such as large workload, high labor intensity, high labor costs, low efficiency, low measurement accuracy, and poor real-time performance. It is urgent to use modern technology to achieve automatic and efficient monitoring of slopes.

[0004] People first thought of using machine vision to replace manual observation. Slope deformation monitoring technology based on zoom visual displacement technology came into being. The zoom visual displacement monitor is placed in a fixed place, and the target is installed at the slope measuring point. The target should be as close to the monitor as possible and the targets should not be blocked from each other. After the zoom visual displacement meter is powered on, it can intelligently identify the target within the field of view, and the horizontal displacement and settlement of the slope target can be automatically monitored. The monitor is a non-contact measurement. The measuring point only needs to install the target, and there is no need to pull wires to install sensors, which saves labor and cost, is convenient and fast, and performs patrol scanning monitoring. However, due to limited on-site conditions, there is no reliable and stable area to install the instrument. Generally, the zoom visual displacement monitor is installed far away from the slope. However, the measurement accuracy is greatly affected by the large line of sight, line of sight conditions, and viewing angle, and the monitoring range is also limited. This monitoring method has high requirements on the stability of the placement of the displacement monitor, and the monitoring results are directly affected by interference.

[0005] Using high-precision GNSS satellite positioning technology to monitor slope deformation is an emerging method for monitoring roadbed stability. The GNSS displacement monitoring station is mainly composed of a GNSS antenna, a main control chassis (with a main control transmission module inside) and a mounting bracket. It is divided into a base station and a measuring station. The high-precision three-dimensional coordinates of the monitoring points on the deformation body are obtained online in real time. Through quantitative analysis of the coordinate change data, the surface displacement status of the monitored object can be monitored in real time with high monitoring accuracy. However, this method is complex and costly, and is only suitable for monitoring a small number of key parts of key projects.

[0006] With the continuous development and improvement of my country's transportation network, a large number of railways and highways are built in coastal and riverside areas and western areas with complex terrain. There are more and more special soil roadbeds such as expansive soil and soft soil, as well as high fill roadbeds. Accidents of roadbed slope instability occur frequently during the construction and operation periods. The existing technology lacks a real-time monitoring system for roadbed slope stability that is simple in structure, low in cost, independent, and easy to implement. Utility Model Content

[0007] The utility model aims to provide a system for monitoring the stability of roadbed slopes, so as to solve the problems of complex equipment, high cost and poor operation stability of the real-time monitoring system for roadbed slope stability.

[0008] The utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] A roadbed slope stability monitoring system comprises an anchor plate arranged on the center line of the roadbed and measuring devices respectively arranged on the slopes on both sides of the roadbed.

[0010] Furthermore, the measuring device includes an observation plate fixedly mounted on the slope and a measuring and transmission unit fixedly mounted on the observation plate, wherein the measuring and transmission unit includes an equipment box, a displacement sensor mounted in the equipment box, an analog quantity acquisition module electrically connected to the displacement sensor, and a data transmission unit.

[0011] Furthermore, a rope hole is provided on the equipment box; and ropes are provided at both ends of the anchor plate, respectively, and the ropes are connected to the displacement sensors in the two measurement and transmission units respectively through the rope holes.

[0012] Furthermore, a protective sleeve is provided on the outside of the pull rope.

[0013] Furthermore, the anchor plate includes a top plate and a vertical plate vertically arranged in the middle of the bottom surface of the top plate, and the pull rope and its protective sleeve mounting seats are respectively arranged on the opposite sides of the top plate; the pull rope and its protective sleeve mounting seat include a fixing column fixedly connected to the side of the top plate, a plurality of anti-slip grooves arranged on the side wall of the fixing column, and a pull rope fixing hole arranged at the free end of the fixing column; the pull rope is inserted into the pull rope fixing hole and fixedly connected; the protective sleeve wraps the fixing column and is fixedly connected through the anti-slip groove.

[0014] Furthermore, the observation board includes an observation board body, soil nails arranged at the bottom of the observation board body, and equipment box fixing bolts arranged at the upper part of the observation board body and used to connect the equipment box; a protective sleeve hole is also arranged on the observation board body; the protective sleeve hole is fixedly connected to the protective sleeve, and the pull rope passes through the protective sleeve hole and enters the equipment box through the pull rope hole.

[0015] Furthermore, the protective sleeve hole of the observation plate body corresponds to the position of the pull rope hole of the equipment box.

[0016] Furthermore, the displacement sensor is a pull-rope type displacement sensor.

[0017] Furthermore, a plurality of fixed pulleys are arranged in the equipment box, and the plurality of fixed pulleys align the direction of the pull rope with the linear motion direction of the steel cable of the pull rope type displacement sensor.

[0018] Furthermore, an antenna is disposed outside the equipment box, and the data transmission unit is connected to the antenna.

[0019] Furthermore, the displacement sensor, the analog quantity acquisition module and the data transmission unit are all connected to a power source via wires.

[0020] Furthermore, the outside of the equipment box is provided with ear irons that match with the fixing bolts of the equipment box.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the utility model adopts relative measurement, and the main measuring equipment is buried inside the roadbed, the measuring result is less affected by external factors, and the measuring result is reliable; the anchor plate, measuring rope and protective casing, observation plate, equipment box, etc. are made of commonly used ordinary materials, and the measuring and transmission equipment adopts conventional popular products, and the overall cost of the monitoring system is low; the system has a simple structure and strong structural independence, and works independently during operation without connection and influence on each other, which is convenient for installation and maintenance; real-time measurement and real-time data transmission can realize real-time online monitoring, provide real-time data on the stability of the roadbed slope, and ensure safe and reliable operation of the roadbed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The utility model discloses a monitoring system and its overall arrangement in a roadbed cross section.

[0023] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the anchor plate.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pull rope and its protective sleeve mounting seat.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the observation board.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the measurement and transmission unit.

[0027] Among them, 1 is an anchor plate, 2 is a pull rope, 3 is a protective sleeve, 4 is an observation plate, 5 is a measurement and transmission unit; 11 is a top plate, 12 is a vertical plate, 13 is a pull rope and its protective sleeve mounting seat, 14 is a fixed column, 15 is an anti-slip tooth groove, 16 is a pull rope fixing hole; 21 is an observation plate body, 22 is an equipment box fixing bolt, 23 is a protective sleeve hole, 24 is a soil nail; 31 is a displacement sensor, 32 is an analog quantity acquisition module, 33 is a data transmission unit, 34 is a pulley, 35 is an equipment box, 36 is an antenna, 37 is a pull rope hole, and 38 is an ear iron. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention is described in detail below through specific embodiments and drawings.

[0029] (1) Composition and layout of monitoring system

[0030] A monitoring system consists of an anchor plate 1 located near the center line of the roadbed, two sets of measuring devices located on the left and right slopes of the roadbed, and the measuring devices include an observation plate 4, a measuring and transmission unit 5, and two sets of pull ropes 2 and their protective sleeves 3 connecting the anchor plate 1, the observation plate 4 and the measuring and transmission unit 5. Figure 1 shown.

[0031] The monitoring system is installed on the roadbed section where the slope stability needs to be monitored. On one section, multiple sets of monitoring devices can be installed at different positions (heights) according to monitoring needs. Figure 1 Only the composition of a monitoring system installed on one section and the overall layout of the roadbed cross section are given.

[0032] 1) Anchor plate

[0033] The structure of anchor plate 1 is as follows Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown. It consists of a top plate 11 and a vertical plate 12. The top plate 11 is made of flat steel, and the model is selected: thickness 6-10mm, width 300-400mm. The length of the top plate is 400-600mm. The vertical plate 12 is made of I-beam, and the model is selected: height 30mm, leg width 126-130mm, belly thickness 9-13mm. The length of the vertical plate 12 is 400-600mm. The vertical plate 12 is welded to the center of the top plate 11. A pull rope and its protective sleeve mounting seat 13 are provided at the center of both ends of the top plate 11, and the pull rope and its protective sleeve mounting seat 13 include a fixing column 14 fixedly connected to the side of the top plate 11. The fixing column 14 is made of φ20mm round steel, the front section is 15mm long and 10mm in diameter, and a round hole with a diameter of 5mm is punched, namely the pull rope fixing hole 16, which is used to fix the pull rope. The middle section of the fixed column 14 is 25mm long and 18mm in diameter, and is provided with anti-slip grooves 15. The rear section 20mm of the fixed column 14 is 18mm in diameter and is welded to the end of the top plate 11.

[0034] The anchor plate is buried at the center line of the line when the roadbed is filled. When the roadbed is filled to the height for installing the monitoring device, the center line position of the section is measured and located, and the anchor plate is placed there. The line connecting the two pull ropes and the pull rope and its protective sleeve mounting seat is perpendicular to the center line of the line. A block is placed on the top plate, and the anchor plate is hammered into the filled roadbed with a hammer until the top plate is at the same height as the top surface of the fill. When hammering, pay attention to the hammering point being located at the center of the top plate, that is, directly above the vertical plate, to avoid deformation of the top plate; the vertical plate must be vertical when hammering in, to ensure that the vertical plate is vertical and the top plate is horizontal after being driven in, and the line connecting the two pull ropes and the pull rope and its protective sleeve mounting seat is perpendicular to the center line of the line.

[0035] 2) Pull rope and its protective sleeve

[0036] The pull rope 2 connects the anchor plate 1 with the observation plate 4 and the measurement and transmission unit 5. The protective sleeve 3 is a protective sleeve for the pull rope 2.

[0037] The pull rope 2 is made of galvanized steel wire with a diameter of 3 to 4 mm. The protective sleeve 3 is made of a polyurethane steel wire reinforced hose with an inner diameter of 16 mm, with a copper-plated steel wire reinforcement skeleton embedded inside, which is resistant to flattening, retractable, leak-proof, heat-resistant, frost-resistant, corrosion-resistant, rust-resistant, wear-resistant and aging-resistant.

[0038] One end of the draw rope 2 is fixed on the top plate 11 through the draw rope fixing hole 16 at the front end of the draw rope and its protective sleeve mounting seat 13. The protective sleeve 3 is sleeved on the middle section of the draw rope and its protective sleeve mounting seat 13, and is fixed with a stainless steel throat hoop to prevent soil and water from entering.

[0039] Before the anchor plate 1 is driven into the roadbed, the length of the pull rope 2 and the protective sleeve 3 are cut according to the distance from the center of the line to the slope at the installation location and considering the surplus. The pull rope 2 is inserted into the protective sleeve 3 and one end is connected to the anchor plate 1. After the anchor plate 1 is driven in, the pull rope 2 and its protective sleeve 3 are laid flat on the top surface of the filled roadbed, perpendicular to the center line of the line, and fixed with a temporary buckle. The other end extends out of the slope, is wrapped with tape for protection, and marked for access to the observation plate 4 and the measurement and transmission unit 5.

[0040] 3) Observation board

[0041] like Figure 4 As shown, the observation board 4 is composed of an observation board body 21, four soil nails 24 and four equipment box fixing bolts 23. It is fixed on the roadbed slope and moves with the deformation of the slope. The displacement of the slope can be measured by the pull rope 2 and the displacement sensor in the measurement and transmission unit 5. At the same time, it is also the base for installing the measurement and transmission unit 5.

[0042] The observation plate body 21 is made of 5mm thick steel plate with dimensions of 500mm wide and 500mm long. A protective sleeve hole 22 is opened in the center of the observation plate body 21, and the hole diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the protective sleeve 3. An equipment box fixing screw 23 is welded to the center of each of the four sides of the observation plate body 21, which is used to fix the measurement and transmission unit 5. The four corners of the observation plate body 21 are respectively opened with holes with a hole diameter of 30mm, which are used to insert four soil nails 24 to fix the observation plate 4 on the roadbed slope. The soil nails 24 can be 30cm long steel bars with threaded teeth or inverted teeth.

[0043] After the roadbed is filled, dig a pit 10cm deep, 500mm wide and 500mm long on the slope towards the inside of the roadbed, with the place where the pull rope 2 and its protective sleeve 3 are exposed on the slope surface as the center. The observation board 4 is embedded in the pit parallel to the slope, and the protective sleeve hole 22 of the observation board body 21 is directly opposite to the pull rope 2 and its protective sleeve 3, and the pull rope 2 and its protective sleeve 3 are led out of the hole. Then, insert soil nails into the holes at the four corners of the observation board body 21 respectively, and screw or drive the soil nails vertically into the roadbed slope to fix the observation board body on the slope. Then clip the protective sleeve 3 to the observation board body with a buckle, and cut off the excess.

[0044] 4) Measurement and transmission unit

[0045] like Figure 5 As shown, the measurement and transmission device unit 5 is composed of a displacement sensor 31, an analog quantity acquisition module 32, a data transmission unit 33, four pulleys 34, and an equipment box 35 for installing the above devices.

[0046] The equipment box 35 is the carrier for all measurement and transmission equipment installation. It is a sealed rectangular box body welded with 3mm thick stainless steel plate, 400mm long, 400mm wide and 20mm deep, and the box cover is designed to be waterproof. An ear iron 38 is welded at the center of the outer side of each of the four sides of the bottom of the box cover, and the position corresponds to the equipment box fixing bolt 23 on the observation plate 4, which is used to fix the equipment box 35 on the observation plate 4. A pull rope hole 37 with a diameter of 20mm is opened at the center of the bottom of the equipment box 35, and the pull rope 2 is introduced into the box through the pull rope hole 37.

[0047] The displacement sensor 31 (existing technology) is a displacement measuring device and is the core component of the system. A pull-wire displacement sensor with a measuring range of 500 mm is selected, and a voltage or current output type is adopted.

[0048] The analog quantity acquisition module 32 (existing technology) is an A / D converter, which converts the voltage or current change output by the displacement sensor 31 into a digital signal.

[0049] The data transmission unit 33 (existing technology) is connected to a standard MQTT protocol IoT platform, such as Baidu Cloud, Tencent Cloud, and Huawei Cloud, to achieve data transparent transmission between the serial port and the server. The antenna 36 of the data transmission unit 33 is led out of the device box 35 through a wire and installed on the outside of the device box 35.

[0050] The four pulleys 34 (existing technology) use U-shaped track wheels and track pulleys with triangular brackets. They are respectively installed next to the rope hole 37, the center and left side of the lower wall of the equipment box 35, and the upper side of the left wall of the equipment box 35. After the pull rope 2 is introduced into the equipment box through the rope hole 37, it is guided by the four pulleys 34 and connected to the pull rope of the displacement sensor 31 in parallel and facing the rope outlet of the displacement sensor 31. The installation position of the four pulleys 34 should ensure that the pull rope 2 is in a plane parallel to the bottom of the equipment box after it exits the rope hole 37 of the equipment box 35 until the rope outlet of the displacement sensor 31. The height can be adjusted by placing pads of different thicknesses at the bottom of the pulley 34 or the displacement sensor 31. Guided by four pulleys 34, the pull rope 2 travels around about 600 mm in the equipment box to facilitate the connection between the pull rope 2 and the pull rope of the displacement sensor 31. At the same time, when the roadbed slope is displaced within 500 mm (the measuring range of the displacement sensor 31), the connection between the pull rope 2 and the pull rope of the displacement sensor 31 remains in the equipment box, which is convenient for equipment maintenance.

[0051] The displacement sensor 31, analog quantity acquisition module 32, data transmission unit 33, and four pulleys 34 are fixed to the equipment box 35 through their respective foot bolts. Wiring is done according to the equipment instructions. The equipment is powered externally, and the power supply is introduced from the opening on the side wall of the equipment box.

[0052] Installation method of equipment box 35: insert the pull rope 2 into the equipment box 35 through the pull rope hole 37, align the pull rope hole 37 with the pull rope and the protective sleeve hole 22 on the observation plate 4, align the bolt hole on the ear iron 38 of the equipment box 35 with the equipment box fixing screw 23 on the observation plate 4, screw on the nut, and fix the equipment box 35 to the observation plate 4. Pull the pull rope 2 through the four pulleys 34 respectively and tighten it. After the pull rope of the displacement sensor 31 is pulled out 100mm, it is connected to the pull rope 2. Apply sealant around the pull rope hole 37 to prevent water from entering the equipment box through this hole.

[0053] (2) Monitoring principle

[0054] The monitoring principle of the utility model is: the roadbed slope becomes unstable, that is, the roadbed slope undergoes horizontal or vertical or horizontal plus vertical displacement. At this time, the observation plate 4 installed on the roadbed slope produces horizontal or vertical or horizontal plus vertical displacement along with the slope, and the protective sleeve 3 also produces tensile deformation along with the soil. The instability of the slope is generally limited to a certain depth inward from the surface of the slope, and the center of the roadbed will not be displaced, so the anchor plate 1 remains stable and motionless. Therefore, the pull rope 2 fixed on the anchor plate 1 will not move or be stretched. In this way, the pull rope 2 moves relative to the observation plate 4, and the pull rope 2 is connected to the pull rope of the displacement sensor 31, and the displacement sensor 31 is installed in the equipment box 35, and the equipment box 35 is installed on the observation plate 4, so the pull rope of the displacement sensor 31 is pulled out to the same length. Therefore, the displacement of the slope can be detected by the displacement sensor 31. The voltage or current signal output by the displacement sensor 31 is converted into a digital signal through the analog acquisition module 32, and then sent to the Internet of Things platform through the data transmission unit 33. Users can access it directly through PC web pages, mobile phone APPs, WeChat, etc., and can establish multi-level and multi-channel early warning methods according to business needs.

Claims

1. A roadbed slope stability monitoring system, characterized in that: It comprises an anchor plate (1) arranged on the center line of the roadbed and measuring devices respectively arranged on the side slopes on both sides of the roadbed; The measuring device comprises an observation plate (4) fixedly arranged on the slope and a measurement and transmission unit (5) fixedly arranged on the observation plate (4), wherein the measurement and transmission unit (5) comprises an equipment box (35), a displacement sensor (31) arranged in the equipment box (35), an analog quantity acquisition module (32) electrically connected to the displacement sensor (31), and a data transmission unit (33); Pull ropes (2) for connecting to displacement sensors (31) are respectively provided at both ends of the anchor plate (1).

2. The roadbed slope stability monitoring system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A protective sleeve (3) is arranged on the outside of the pull rope (2).

3. The roadbed slope stability monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anchor plate (1) comprises a top plate (11) and a vertical plate (12) vertically arranged in the middle of the bottom surface of the top plate (11); a pull rope and its protective sleeve mounting seat (13) are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the top plate (11); the pull rope and its protective sleeve mounting seat (13) comprise a fixing column (14) fixedly connected to the side of the top plate (11), a plurality of anti-slip grooves (15) arranged on the side wall of the fixing column (14), and a pull rope fixing hole (16) arranged at the free end of the fixing column (14); the pull rope (2) is inserted into the pull rope fixing hole (16) and fixedly connected; the protective sleeve (3) is fixedly connected to the fixing column (14) through the anti-slip groove (15).

4. The roadbed slope stability monitoring system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The observation plate (4) comprises an observation plate body (21), a soil nail (24) arranged at the bottom of the observation plate body (21), and an equipment box fixing bolt (23) arranged at the upper part of the observation plate body (21) and used for connecting the equipment box (35); a protective sleeve hole (22) is also arranged on the observation plate body (21); the protective sleeve hole (22) is fixedly connected to the protective sleeve (3), and the pull rope (2) passes through the protective sleeve hole (22) and enters the equipment box (35) through the pull rope hole (37).

5. The roadbed slope stability monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The displacement sensor (31) is a pull-rope type displacement sensor.

6. The roadbed slope stability monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A plurality of fixed pulleys (34) are arranged in the equipment box (35), and the plurality of fixed pulleys (34) align the direction of the pull rope (2) with the linear motion direction of the steel cable of the pull rope type displacement sensor (31).

7. The roadbed slope stability monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The displacement sensor (31), the analog quantity acquisition module (32) and the data transmission unit (33) are all connected to a power source via wires.

8. The roadbed slope stability monitoring system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The outside of the equipment box (35) is provided with an ear iron (38) which matches with the equipment box fixing bolt (23).

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