Battery module and electric automobile

Abstract

The utility model discloses a battery module and an electric automobile, and the battery module comprises a shell which is provided with a mounting space for accommodating a battery; the partition plate divides the mounting space into a first cavity and a second cavity; the fireproof layer is laid in the first cavity and the second cavity; an exhaust passage; and the valve cover can open or close the exhaust channel under the action of external force. As the fireproof layer is arranged and the shell is made of the metal material, when the battery in the battery pack is burnt, the shell made of the metal material and the fireproof layer can effectively insulate heat, so that flame airflow and the like are only burnt in the mounting space and cannot diffuse to the periphery, but flow to the outside along the exhaust channel communicated with the mounting space; flame airflow is discharged directionally, escape time is prolonged for users, and loss can be reduced; the mounting space is divided into the first cavity and the second cavity by the partition plate, so that combustion and explosion of other batteries can be avoided when one battery is combusted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of automobile battery protection, and specifically relates to a battery module and an electric car. Background Art

[0002] As new energy vehicles become more and more popular, battery performance has become an important parameter for customers to consider when purchasing new energy vehicles. However, there are still a series of problems that need to be solved during the transportation and use of batteries. Since the battery modules in new energy vehicles generally include multiple single cells, once a single cell has thermal runaway and burns or even explodes, it will quickly cause thermal runaway of the adjacent single cells, causing the entire battery pack to burn and explode, which will cause great harm to personal and property safety. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a battery module and an electric vehicle, which can perform a certain degree of control when the battery is deformed due to collision or burns due to thermal runaway, thereby effectively preventing excessive combustion of the battery and causing wider damage and losses.

[0004] In order to achieve the above functions, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A battery module suitable for installation in an electric vehicle, comprising:

[0005] The housing comprises an upper housing and a lower housing, wherein a mounting space for accommodating a battery is provided between the upper housing and the lower housing, and the housing is made of metal;

[0006] a partition plate, arranged in the installation space to separate the installation space into a first cavity and a second cavity;

[0007] A fireproof layer, laid in the first cavity and the second cavity to wrap the battery;

[0008] There are two exhaust passages, which are connected to the first cavity and the second cavity respectively;

[0009] The valve cover is adapted to the exhaust passage and can open or close the exhaust passage under the action of an external force.

[0010] Optionally, in the above-mentioned battery module, the fireproof layer may be a high-temperature composite material.

[0011] Optionally, the battery module described above further comprises a temperature-averaging fan disposed in the first cavity and the second cavity, and the temperature-averaging fan is disposed on the rear side of the battery.

[0012] Optionally, in the above-mentioned battery module, the valve cover includes a cover plate, the cover plate includes a main body and an abutment portion connected to the main body, the outer diameter of the main body is adapted to the inner diameter of the exhaust channel, the abutment portion is suitable for abutting with the port of the exhaust channel, and a seal is also provided between the main body and the exhaust channel.

[0013] Optionally, in the above-mentioned battery module, the valve cover further comprises a connecting plate, a baffle connected to the connecting plate, and a spring linkage rod connecting the connecting plate and the baffle; a through hole for the spring linkage rod to pass through is provided on the cover plate, and the through hole is larger than the diameter of the spring linkage rod;

[0014] The baffle plate can drive the connecting plate to move relative to the cover plate under the action of an external force, so that the connecting plate has a first state and a second state;

[0015] When in the first state, the connecting plate blocks the through hole;

[0016] When in the second state, the outside is connected to the installation space through the through hole.

[0017] Optionally, the battery module mentioned above further includes a communication component, and the communication component and the air blower are electrically connected to the electric vehicle controller respectively.

[0018] Optionally, the above-mentioned battery module further includes a pressure detector arranged in the installation space.

[0019] Optionally, the above-mentioned battery module further includes a temperature detector arranged in the installation space.

[0020] Optionally, in the above-mentioned battery module, the shell and the exhaust channel are integrally formed.

[0021] The present invention also provides an electric vehicle, comprising:

[0022] A vehicle body structure having a mounting portion;

[0023] A battery module, suitable for being installed in the installation portion to provide power for the electric vehicle, the battery module being any one of the above-mentioned battery modules;

[0024] Wherein, the vehicle body structure includes a head part and a tail part, and the exhaust passage of the battery module is arranged toward the tail part.

[0025] The present invention adopts the above structure to achieve the following beneficial effects: the present invention facilitates the installation and disassembly of the battery by setting the outer shell of the battery module to a split structure of an upper shell and a lower shell; since a fireproof layer is provided and the outer shell is provided to be made of metal, the battery inside can be prevented from burning. The outer shell and the fireproof layer of the metal material can effectively insulate, so that the flame airflow and the like only burn in the installation space and do not spread to the surroundings, but flow to the outside along the exhaust channel connected to the installation space, so as to achieve directional discharge of the flame airflow, increase the escape time for users, and reduce losses; on the other hand, the installation space is divided into a separate first cavity and a second cavity by a partition, so that when one of the batteries burns, it can avoid causing other batteries to burn and explode, which can reduce a lot of the power of the combustion and explosion, and also increase the user's escape time and reduce losses, and the partition can also play a role in heat insulation and mechanical strength reinforcement, and further withstand greater vibration and mechanical impact. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a battery module of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 An exploded view of the battery module shown;

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the battery module shown;

[0029] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A partial structural schematic diagram of the battery module shown.

[0030] Among them, 1-housing, 11-upper housing, 12-lower housing, 13-installation space, 131-first cavity, 132-second cavity;

[0031] 2-partition;

[0032] 3- Fireproof layer;

[0033] 4- Exhaust channel;

[0034] 5-valve cover, 51-cover plate, 511-main body, 512-abutment portion, 52-seal, 53-connecting plate, 54-baffle, 55-spring linkage rod;

[0035] 6- Temperature-averaging fan;

[0036] 7- Communication components;

[0037] 8-Battery. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0040] The battery module shown in a preferred embodiment of the present invention is suitable for installation on an electric vehicle to provide power for the electric vehicle. In this embodiment, the electric vehicle includes a body structure, the body structure has a mounting portion, and the battery module is installed in the mounting portion. The body structure includes a head and a tail, and the exhaust channel 4 of the battery module is arranged toward the tail of the body structure. When the battery 8 explodes inside the battery module, the internal high-temperature and high-pressure airflow will be discharged to the rear along the exhaust channel 4, which can effectively prevent the entire vehicle from being burned out, and at the same time protect the occupants of the vehicle from evacuating in time to prevent them from being damaged by high temperature and harmful gases.

[0041] In other embodiments, the battery module may also be mounted on other structures, and the mounting carrier of the battery module is not specifically limited herein.

[0042] The battery module includes a shell 1, a partition 2, a fireproof layer 3, an exhaust channel 4 and a valve cover 5. Among them, the shell 1 includes an upper shell 11 and a lower shell 12, and there is an installation space 13 for accommodating the battery 8 between the upper shell 11 and the lower shell 12. Among them, the upper shell 11 and the lower shell 12 are fixed by fasteners, and a sealing ring is also provided between the upper shell 11 and the lower shell 12 to ensure the sealing of the installation space 13, and the sealing ring can be a silicone material. In addition, the fireproof layer 3 is laid in the installation space 13 to wrap the battery 8. In this embodiment, the upper shell 11 and the lower shell 12 are both made of metal materials. The metal material and the fireproof layer 3 are provided so that when the battery 8 in the installation space 13 burns due to collision or thermal runaway, the metal shell 1 and the fireproof layer 3 can effectively prevent the spread of flames and heat insulation, and prevent damage to other components. In this embodiment, the fireproof layer 3 is a high-temperature composite material, such as a carbon fiber composite material, a high-temperature resistant resin, etc.

[0043] The partition 2 is arranged in the installation space 13 to separate the installation space 13 into a first cavity 131 and a second cavity 132. By providing the partition 2, when one of the batteries 8 burns, it can avoid causing other batteries 8 to burn and explode, which can reduce the power of a lot of combustion and explosion, and also increase the user's escape time and reduce losses. The partition 2 can also play the role of heat insulation and mechanical strength reinforcement, and further withstand greater vibration and mechanical impact. In this embodiment, since the first cavity 131 and the second cavity 132 are provided, only one partition 2 is required. When multiple batteries 8 and multiple cavities are provided, the number of partitions 2 needs to change with the number of cavities and batteries 8.

[0044] There are two exhaust channels 4, which are connected to the first cavity 131 and the second cavity 132 respectively. When the battery 8 burns, the flame airflow and the like flow to the outside along the exhaust channel 4 connected to the installation space 13, so as to achieve directional discharge of the flame airflow, increase the escape time for the user, and reduce losses. It is worth noting that in this embodiment, the exhaust channel 4 and the shell 1 are integrally formed, so that the risk of poor sealing at the connection between the exhaust channel 4 and the shell 1 can be avoided, and the tolerable strength of the exhaust channel 4 can be improved.

[0045] The valve cover 5 is adapted to the exhaust passage 4 and can open or close the exhaust passage 4 under the action of an external force.

[0046] Specifically, the valve cover 5 includes a cover plate 51, and the cover plate 51 includes a main body 511 and an abutting portion 512 connected to the main body 511. The outer diameter of the main body 511 is adapted to the inner diameter of the exhaust passage 4, and the abutting portion 512 is suitable for abutting against the port of the exhaust passage 4. In this embodiment, a sealing member 52 is further provided between the main body 511 and the exhaust passage 4 to enhance the sealing of the installation space 13.

[0047] More specifically, the valve cover 5 also includes a connecting plate 53 and a baffle 54 connected to the connecting plate 53, and a spring linkage rod 55 between the connecting plate 53 and the baffle 54; a through hole for the spring linkage rod 55 to pass through is provided on the cover plate 51, and the through hole is larger than the diameter of the spring linkage rod 55; the baffle 54 can drive the connecting plate 53 to move relative to the cover plate 51 under the action of an external force, so that the connecting plate 53 has a first state and a second state; when in the first state, the connecting plate 53 blocks the through hole; when in the second state, the outside is connected to the installation space 13 through the through hole.

[0048] In actual use, under normal circumstances, an external force is applied to seal the valve cover 5 and the exhaust channel 4 to prevent external pollutants from entering the installation space 13; when the heat and pressure in the installation space 13 increase, the high-pressure airflow automatically pushes the valve cover 5 out to discharge the internal gas. When negative pressure occurs in the installation space 13, an external force can be applied to the baffle 54 so that the baffle 54 drives the spring linkage rod 55 to move, thereby driving the connecting plate 53 to move, so that it switches from the first state to the second state, at which time the installation space 13 is connected to the outside to achieve a balance between the internal and external pressures.

[0049] In this embodiment, the battery module further includes a temperature-averaging fan 6 disposed in the first cavity 131 and the second cavity 132, and the temperature-averaging fan 6 is disposed at the rear side of the battery 8. The temperature-averaging fan 6 is electrically connected to the controller of the electric vehicle to automatically start when the battery 8 is working, so that the gas in each cavity flows. On the one hand, the flowing gas can take away the heat generated by the battery 8, and on the other hand, the flowing gas can also be used to balance the temperature of each cavity, thereby preventing the risk of excessive temperature and combustion in the dead corners of the cavity due to temperature monitoring failure when the battery 8 is charged and discharged.

[0050] In this embodiment, the battery module also includes a communication component 7, a pressure detector and a temperature detector. The communication component 7, the air blower, the pressure detector and the temperature detector are electrically connected to the electric vehicle controller respectively, so that the user can monitor the status of the battery module conveniently and leave a longer reaction time for escape in case of danger.

[0051] The present invention and its embodiments are described above, and such description is not restrictive. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if ordinary technicians in the field are inspired by it, without departing from the purpose of the invention, they can design a structure and embodiment similar to the technical solution without creativity, which should belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery module suitable for installation in an electric vehicle, characterized in that: include: A housing having a mounting space for accommodating a battery; a partition plate, arranged in the installation space to separate the installation space into a first cavity and a second cavity; A fireproof layer, laid in the first cavity and the second cavity to wrap the battery; There are two exhaust passages, which are connected to the first cavity and the second cavity respectively; The valve cover is adapted to the exhaust passage and can open or close the exhaust passage under the action of an external force.

2. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fireproof layer is a high-temperature composite material.

3. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery module further includes a temperature-averaging fan disposed in the first cavity and the second cavity, and the temperature-averaging fan is disposed at the rear side of the battery.

4. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The valve cover includes a cover plate, which includes a main body and an abutment portion connected to the main body. The outer diameter of the main body is adapted to the inner diameter of the exhaust channel, the abutment portion is suitable for abutting against the port of the exhaust channel, and a seal is also provided between the main body and the exhaust channel.

5. The battery module according to claim 4, characterized in that: The valve cover also includes a connecting plate, a baffle connected to the connecting plate, and a spring linkage rod connecting the connecting plate and the baffle; a through hole for the spring linkage rod to pass through is provided on the cover plate, and the through hole is larger than the diameter of the spring linkage rod; The baffle plate can drive the connecting plate to move relative to the cover plate under the action of an external force, so that the connecting plate has a first state and a second state; When in the first state, the connecting plate blocks the through hole; When in the second state, the outside is connected to the installation space through the through hole.

6. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery module also includes a communication component, and the communication component and the air blower are electrically connected to the electric vehicle controller respectively.

7. The battery module according to claim 6, characterized in that: The battery module further includes a pressure detector disposed in the installation space.

8. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery module further includes a temperature detector disposed in the installation space.

9. The battery module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shell and the exhaust passage are integrally formed.

10. An electric vehicle, characterized in that: include: A vehicle body structure having a mounting portion; A battery module, suitable for being installed in the installation portion to provide power for the electric vehicle, wherein the battery module is the battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 9; Wherein, the vehicle body structure includes a head part and a tail part, and the exhaust passage of the battery module is arranged toward the tail part.

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