Optimized structure of cavity forging die
By adopting a combined structure, the interference fit between the inner and outer ring plates is used to reduce stress concentration at the bottom corner of the cavity, the problems of prone to cracking and low material utilization of existing molds are solved, and a higher service life and lower production costs are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420855532.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-04-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-13
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-04-23
AI Technical Summary
The existing cavity-type forging molds have problems with stress concentration during die forging, especially at the corners of the cavity, which leads to the mold being prone to cracking, increasing production costs, and low material utilization, long processing cycles, and high machine-added costs.
A combined structure consisting of a mold base plate, an inner ring plate and an outer ring plate is adopted. The inner ring plate interference sleeve is arranged on the boss of the mold base plate and is interspersed with the outer ring plate to form a side plate of the mold cavity. This structure reduces stress concentration at the corner of the bottom of the cavity.
It effectively reduces stress concentration at the corner of the bottom of the cavity, reduces the risk of mold cracking, improves the service life of the mold, and improves material utilization, reduces processing cycle and cost.
Smart Images
Figure CN222856622U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the field of forging die design, in particular to an optimized structure of a cavity type forging die. Background Art
[0002] Forging dies are dies used in the forging process. The raw materials are plastically deformed in the forging die under the action of external forces, so as to obtain parts of the required shape and size. In recent years, with the development of the aviation industry and the upgrading of forging equipment, aviation die forgings have developed towards integration and large-scale development. Therefore, large die forgings have put forward new requirements for dies, requiring them to be not only safe and effective but also have a long life.
[0003] like Figure 1 As shown, currently, for cavity forging dies, i.e. concave dies, the traditional integral die structure is still used. Such a structure faces the following engineering application problems:
[0004] First, during die forging, there will be stress concentration at the fillet transition of the bottom of the integral die, especially for deep cavity dies. Due to the deep cavity, the outward torque on the die side plate will be accumulated and transferred to the bottom corner of the die, which will lead to the aggravation of stress concentration problem. It is often several times or even dozens of times higher than that of ordinary dies, which can easily lead to cracking and failure of the die, thereby increasing the forging production cost.
[0005] Secondly, the material inside the cavity needs to be removed by machining, which leads to low material utilization, long mold processing cycle and high machining cost. Utility Model Content
[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide an optimized structure of a cavity forging die which can reduce the manufacturing cost of the die and improve the stress concentration of the fillet at the bottom of the die cavity.
[0007] The technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve the technical problem is: an optimized structure of a cavity forging die, comprising a die seat, a backing plate and a die with a cavity inside, the backing plate being fixed on the die seat, and the die comprising a die bottom plate, an inner ring plate and an outer ring plate;
[0008] The die bottom plate is fixed to the backing plate, a boss is provided on the surface of the die bottom plate on one side away from the backing plate, the end surface of the boss forms the bottom surface of the cavity, and a surface of the die bottom plate on the side away from the backing plate and located on the outer side of the boss forms a support surface for supporting the inner ring plate and the outer ring plate;
[0009] The inner ring plate is interference-fitted on the boss, and one end is supported and fixed on the support surface to form a connection seam between the inner ring plate and the bottom plate of the die, and the other end of the inner ring plate extends outward from the boss to enclose the boss to form the cavity;
[0010] The outer ring plate is sleeved on the inner ring plate, and one end is supported and fixed on the support surface. The outer ring plate and the inner ring plate are connected as a whole by interference fit to form a side plate of the cavity.
[0011] Furthermore, the die bottom plate is embedded and fixed on the pad.
[0012] Furthermore, the outer ring plate is fixed on the supporting surface by screw support;
[0013] From one end supported on the supporting surface to the other end, the outer side surface of the inner ring plate is an inclined surface that gradually approaches the center of the inner ring plate, and the inner side surface of the outer ring plate is an inclined surface that gradually approaches the center of the inner ring plate and is wedge-fitted with the outer side surface of the inner ring plate. The inner ring plate is crimped and fixed on the supporting surface by the wedge-fitting of its outer side surface with the inner side surface of the outer ring plate.
[0014] Furthermore, the inner ring plate is made of H13 material, and the outer ring plate is made of 45Cr material.
[0015] Furthermore, the die bottom plate is made of 55Cr material.
[0016] Furthermore, the connecting seam is an L-structure, including a vertical portion along the depth direction of the cavity and a horizontal portion along the thickness direction of the side plate of the cavity.
[0017] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:
[0018] The utility model discloses an optimized structure of a cavity forging die, wherein the die comprises a die bottom plate, an inner ring plate and an outer ring plate, the inner ring plate is sleeved on a boss on a side of the die bottom plate away from the pad, and one end of the inner ring plate is supported and fixed on a supporting surface of the die bottom plate, the other end of the inner ring plate extends outwardly from the boss to enclose the cavity with the boss, a connecting seam is formed between the inner ring plate and the die bottom plate, the outer ring plate is sleeved on the inner ring plate, and is connected to the inner ring plate by interference fit to form a whole to form a side plate of the cavity, which not only ensures the installation stability of the inner ring plate, but also prevents the inner ring plate from being affected by the internal tensile stress of the outer ring plate, and the inner ring plate is better stressed, and the connecting seam can also block the tensile stress generated by the die bottom plate on the side plate due to deformation during forging, thereby reducing the stress at the corner of the bottom of the cavity, reducing the stress concentration phenomenon at the corner, reducing the occurrence of cracking of the mold at the corner of the bottom of the cavity, and is conducive to improving the service life of the mold;
[0019] The utility model arranges the concave die into a combined structure formed by a concave die bottom plate, an inner ring plate and an outer ring plate, etc., so that less material is removed when machining the concave die, and the material utilization rate is higher. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a concave die adopting an integral structure;
[0021] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the mold of the utility model;
[0022] Figure 3 It is the equivalent stress diagram of the existing die with integral structure when forging forgings;
[0023] Figure 4 It is the equivalent stress diagram of the concave die of the utility model when forging forgings;
[0024] Figure 5 It is the principal stress diagram of the existing die with integral structure when forging forgings;
[0025] Figure 6 It is the principal stress diagram of the concave die of the utility model when forging a forging;
[0026] As shown in the figure: a die seat 1, a backing plate 2, a die 3, a cavity 4, a screw 5, a die bottom plate 31, an inner ring plate 32, an outer ring plate 33, a supporting surface 311, a boss 312, and a connecting seam 313. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] The utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0028] like Figure 2As shown, an optimized structure of a cavity forging die of the utility model comprises a die seat 1, a backing plate 2 and a die 3 with a cavity 4 inside, the backing plate 2 is fixed on the die seat 1, and the die 3 comprises a die bottom plate 31, an inner ring plate 32 and an outer ring plate 33. The die bottom plate 31 is fixed on the backing plate 2, a boss 312 is provided on the surface of the die bottom plate 31 away from the backing plate 2, the end surface of the boss 312 forms the bottom surface of the cavity 4, and a surface of the die bottom plate 31 away from the backing plate 2 and located on the outer side of the boss 312 forms a support surface 311 for supporting the inner ring plate 32 and the outer ring plate 33. The inner ring plate 32 is sleeved on the boss 312 with an interference fit, and one end is supported and fixed on the support surface 311 to form a connection seam 313 between the inner ring plate 32 and the die bottom plate 31. The other end of the inner ring plate 32 extends outward from the boss 312 to enclose the cavity 4 with the boss 312. The outer ring plate 33 is sleeved on the inner ring plate 32 with one end supported and fixed on the support surface 311. The outer ring plate 33 and the inner ring plate 32 are connected as a whole by interference fit to form a side plate of the cavity 4.
[0029] The inner ring plate 32 is interference fit on the boss 312 , that is, the inner ring plate 32 is sleeved on the boss 312 , and the inner side surface is interference fit with the boss 312 .
[0030] It is understandable that in the above structure, the tensile strength and yield strength of the die bottom plate 31, the inner ring plate 32 and the outer ring plate 33 should meet the requirements to ensure that there will be no deformation or cracking problems during the forging process.
[0031] like Figure 1As shown, the existing cavity forging dies all have an integral structure for the concave die. During processing, the material of the concave die cavity needs to be removed to form the cavity, which results in a large amount of material being removed and a low material utilization rate. The optimized structure of the cavity forging die of the utility model sets the concave die 3 into a combined structure formed by a concave die bottom plate 31, an inner ring plate 32 and an outer ring plate 33. The concave die bottom plate 31 can be processed using existing conventional plates, and the inner ring plate 32 and the outer ring plate 33 can be processed using existing annular parts. Therefore, compared with the existing integral concave die, the mold of the utility model relatively removes less material and has a higher material utilization rate. The most important thing is the optimized structure of the cavity forging die of the utility model. Under the premise of ensuring that the strength of the die bottom plate 31, the inner ring plate 32 and the outer ring plate 33 meet the requirements, the inner ring plate 32 is interference-fitted on the boss 312, and one end is supported on the support surface 311. The other end of the inner ring plate 32 extends outward from the boss 312 to enclose the cavity 4 with the boss 312. The outer ring plate 33 and the inner ring plate 32 are connected as a whole by interference fit to form the side plate of the cavity 4. The outer ring plate 33 and the inner ring plate 32 work together to ensure that the formed side plate meets the strength requirements of the die, and because the two are The inner ring plate will not be affected by the internal tensile stress of the outer ring plate, and the inner ring plate is better stressed, which can make the stress distribution of the inner ring plate more uniform, which is conducive to reducing the stress at the bottom corner of the cavity; the inner side of the inner ring plate 32 is interference fit with the boss on the die bottom plate, and the outer side is interference fit with the outer ring plate 33, and is supported by the support surface 311, which ensures the installation stability of the inner ring plate 32, and the inner ring plate 32 and the die bottom plate 31 are two parts, and there will be a connection seam 313 between the two, which can block the tensile stress generated by the die bottom plate 31 on the side plate due to deformation during forging, and can also reduce the stress at the bottom corner of the cavity. Therefore, this structure can reduce the stress concentration phenomenon at the corner, and can reduce the occurrence of cracking of the mold at the bottom corner of the cavity, which is particularly suitable for the die with a deeper cavity. In addition, this structure can select materials of different strengths according to the stress conditions of different components to better ensure the service life of the mold and reduce the cost of the mold.
[0032] In some embodiments, the connection seam 313 is an L-structure, the vertical portion of the L-structure is inclined relative to the depth direction of the cavity 4, and the horizontal portion is inclined relative to the thickness direction of the side plate of the cavity 4. In some embodiments, the connection seam 313 is an oblique line. Figure 2The connection seam 313 is an L structure, including a vertical portion along the depth direction of the cavity 4 and a horizontal portion along the thickness direction of the side plate of the cavity 4. Compared with other structures, the connection seam 313 is an L structure, including a vertical portion along the depth direction of the cavity 4 and a horizontal portion along the thickness direction of the side plate of the cavity 4, which is more convenient for the installation of the inner ring plate 32, more conducive to ensuring the installation stability of the inner ring plate 32, and can also make the force of the inner ring plate 32 better and more uniform.
[0033] In the present invention, the parameters of the die bottom plate 31, the inner ring plate 32 and the outer ring plate 33 of the above-mentioned mold can be obtained through experiments. The experiments can be carried out in the form of field experiments or simulation experiments using simulation software.
[0034] Taking the simulation experiment using simulation software as an example, the optimization design method of a cavity forging die of the above-mentioned optimized structure includes the following specific steps:
[0035] Step 1: design a die bottom plate 31, an inner ring plate 32 and an outer ring plate 32 according to the die 3;
[0036] Step 2: Use simulation software to simulate the process of forging the forging by the die 3, and obtain the equivalent stress diagram and principal stress diagram of the die bottom plate 31, the inner ring plate 32 and the outer ring plate 32 of the die 3 during the forging process;
[0037] Step 3: According to the equivalent stress distribution diagram, determine whether the equivalent stress of the die bottom plate 31, the inner ring plate 32 and the outer ring plate 33 during the forging process is greater than or equal to the tensile strength of the material at the forging temperature of the forging; according to the principal stress diagram, determine whether the principal stress of the die bottom plate 31, the inner ring plate 32 and the outer ring plate 33 during the forging process is less than the yield strength of the material at the forging temperature of the forging; if there is a condition that the effective stress of the die bottom plate 31, the inner ring plate 32 or the outer ring plate 33 is greater than or equal to In the case where the tensile strength of the material at the forging temperature of the forging, or the principal stress of the die bottom plate 31, the inner ring plate 32 or the outer ring plate 33 is less than the yield strength of the material at the forging temperature of the forging, the parameters of the die bottom plate 31, the inner ring plate 32 and the outer ring plate 33 are adjusted, and steps 1 to 3 are repeated until the equivalent stress of the die bottom plate 31, the inner ring plate 32 and the outer ring plate 33 is less than the tensile strength of the material at the forging temperature of the forging, and the principal stress is less than the yield strength of the material at the forging temperature of the forging;
[0038] Step 4: If the equivalent stress of the die bottom plate 31, the inner ring plate 32 and the outer ring plate 33 is less than the tensile strength of the material at the forging temperature of the forging, and the principal stress is less than the yield strength of the material at the forging temperature of the forging, then derive the parameters of the die bottom plate 31, the inner ring plate 32 and the outer ring plate 33, and then perform corresponding processing.
[0039] The simulation software may specifically adopt various existing mechanical processing simulation software, such as: DEFORM.
[0040] like Figures 3 to 6 As shown, Figures 3 to 6 The forgings have the same structure and forging parameters. Figures 3 to 6 It can be seen that the mold optimization structure of the utility model can significantly reduce the stress of the mold and improve the stress concentration at the bottom corner of the cavity, thereby reducing the occurrence of mold cracking at the bottom corner of the cavity.
[0041] In the present invention, according to the stress conditions of each part of the die, taking into account the life and cost of the die, preferably, the inner ring plate 32 is made of H13 material, the outer ring plate 33 is made of 45Cr material, and the die bottom plate 31 is made of 55Cr material.
[0042] The die bottom plate 31 can be fixed to the backing plate 2 by bolts or screws. The die bottom plate 31 in the utility model is embedded and fixed on the backing plate 2.
[0043] The inner ring plate 32 and the outer ring plate 33 can also be supported and fixed on the support surface 311 by bolts or screws. In the embodiment of the utility model, the outer ring plate 33 is supported and fixed on the support surface 311 by screws 5. From one end supported on the support surface 311 to the other end, the outer side surface of the inner ring plate 32 is an inclined surface gradually approaching the center of the inner ring plate 32, and the inner side surface of the outer ring plate 33 is an inclined surface gradually approaching the center of the inner ring plate 32 and wedge-fitting with the outer side surface of the inner ring plate 32. The inner ring plate 32 is crimped and fixed on the support surface 311 by wedge-fitting with the inner side surface of the outer ring plate 33 through its outer side surface. When assembling and disassembling the die 3, this structure only needs to disassemble the screw 5 on the outer ring plate 33, and the assembly and disassembly of the die is more convenient. Among them, the screw 5 can be connected to the pad 2 or the die bottom plate 31 through its thread.
Claims
1. An optimized structure of a cavity forging die, comprising a die base (1), a backing plate (2) and a die (3) with a cavity (4) inside, wherein the backing plate (2) is fixed on the die base (1), characterized in that: The die (3) comprises a die bottom plate (31), an inner ring plate (32) and an outer ring plate (33); The die bottom plate (31) is fixed on the backing plate (2); a boss (312) is provided on a surface of the die bottom plate (31) on a side away from the backing plate (2); an end surface of the boss (312) forms the bottom surface of the cavity (4); and a surface of the die bottom plate (31) on a side away from the backing plate (2) and located on the outside of the boss (312) forms a support surface (311) for supporting the inner ring plate (32) and the outer ring plate (33); The inner ring plate (32) is interference-fitted on the boss (312), and one end is supported and fixed on the support surface (311) to form a connecting seam (313) between the inner ring plate (32) and the die bottom plate (31); the other end of the inner ring plate (32) extends outward from the boss (312) and encloses the boss (312) to form the mold cavity (4); The outer ring plate (33) is sleeved on the inner ring plate (32), and one end is supported and fixed on the support surface (311). The outer ring plate (33) and the inner ring plate (32) are connected as a whole by interference fit to form a side plate of the cavity (4).
2. The optimized structure of a cavity forging die according to claim 1, characterized in that: The die bottom plate (31) is embedded and fixed on the backing plate (2).
3. The optimized structure of a cavity forging die according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer ring plate (33) is supported and fixed on the supporting surface (311) by means of screw rods (5); From one end supported on the supporting surface (311) to the other end, the outer side surface of the inner ring plate (32) is an inclined surface that gradually approaches the center of the inner ring plate (32), and the inner side surface of the outer ring plate (33) is an inclined surface that gradually approaches the center of the inner ring plate (32) and is wedge-fitted with the outer side surface of the inner ring plate (32). The inner ring plate (32) is crimped and fixed on the supporting surface (311) by the outer side surface of the inner ring plate (33) being wedge-fitted with the inner side surface of the outer ring plate (33).
4. The optimized structure of a cavity forging die according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner ring plate (32) is made of H13 material, and the outer ring plate (33) is made of 45Cr material.
5. The optimized structure of a cavity forging die according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The die bottom plate (31) is made of 55Cr material.
6. The optimized structure of a cavity forging die according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting seam (313) is an L-structure, comprising a vertical portion along the depth direction of the cavity (4) and a horizontal portion along the thickness direction of the side plate of the cavity (4).