Onboard millimeter wave antenna system, onboard millimeter wave communication system and electronic equipment

Abstract

The utility model discloses an onboard millimeter wave antenna system, an onboard millimeter wave communication system and electronic equipment. The onboard millimeter wave antenna system comprises a circuit board; at least one antenna body; wherein each antenna body is arranged at a preset position of the circuit board, and comprises a first metal layer arranged on the front surface of the circuit board, a second metal layer arranged on the back surface of the circuit board, and a dielectric substrate arranged between the first metal layer and the second metal layer; the antenna body comprises a plurality of through holes penetrating through the first metal layer, the dielectric substrate and the second metal layer, and the first metal layer is provided with at least one gap; one end of the microstrip line is connected with the antenna body; and the other end of the microstrip line is used for being connected with a radio frequency module which is arranged on the circuit board and is independent of the antenna body. According to the onboard millimeter wave antenna system, the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of antennas for wireless communications, and in particular to a board-mounted millimeter wave antenna system, a board-mounted millimeter wave communication system, and electronic equipment. Background Art

[0002] 5G millimeter wave technology is an important basic technology in 5G applications. Millimeter wave refers to a special electromagnetic wave with a wavelength of 1 mm to 10 mm and a fluctuation frequency of 30 GHz-300 GHz. Compared with the frequency band below 6 GHz, millimeter wave has unique advantages such as large bandwidth, low air interface latency and flexible air interface configuration, which can meet the future wireless communication needs for system capacity, transmission rate and differentiated applications.

[0003] The present application proposes a new structure to address the problem of high cost of millimeter wave antenna systems in the prior art. Utility Model Content

[0004] The present application provides an onboard millimeter wave antenna system, an onboard millimeter wave communication system and an electronic device, which can reduce the production cost.

[0005] A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a board-mounted millimeter-wave antenna system, comprising: a circuit board; at least one antenna body; wherein each of the antenna bodies is arranged at a preset position on the circuit board, the antenna body comprises a first metal layer arranged on the front side of the circuit board and a second metal layer arranged on the back side of the circuit board, and a dielectric substrate between the first metal layer and the second metal layer, the antenna body comprises a plurality of through holes penetrating the first metal layer, the dielectric substrate and the second metal layer, and the first metal layer is provided with at least one gap; a microstrip line, one end of which is connected to the antenna body; wherein the other end of the microstrip line is used to connect to a radio frequency module arranged on the circuit board independently of the antenna body.

[0006] Wherein, the plurality of through holes are arranged in an array along at least a portion of the edge adjacent to the preset position, and all of the gaps on the first metal layer are located between the through holes arranged in the array.

[0007] Wherein, the plurality of slits are arranged in a staggered manner on the first metal layer, and the plurality of slits are parallel to each other on the first metal layer.

[0008] The preset position is located at a corner of the circuit board, the through holes are arranged at two sides of the antenna body adjacent to the corner and at another long side parallel to the long side, and the extension direction of the gap is parallel to the long side.

[0009] The slot is rectangular in shape, the antenna system is provided with a rated wavelength during operation, the length of the slot is at least half of the rated wavelength, and the width of the slot is less than one tenth of the rated wavelength.

[0010] The through hole is circular in shape, the diameter of the through hole is one quarter of the rated wavelength, and the distance between the through holes is less than half of the diameter.

[0011] Wherein, it also includes: an impedance transformer, which is arranged in the preset position on the circuit board and connects the antenna body and the microstrip line.

[0012] Wherein, the impedance of the microstrip line is 50 ohms.

[0013] A second aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a board-mounted millimeter wave communication system, comprising: an antenna system as described in any of the above items; a radio frequency module, which is arranged on a circuit board independently of an antenna body of the antenna system and is connected to a microstrip line of the antenna system.

[0014] A third aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, wherein the electronic device is integrated with the above-mentioned onboard millimeter wave communication system.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: the onboard millimeter wave antenna system of the present application includes a circuit board, at least one antenna body and a microstrip line, each antenna body is arranged at a preset position of the circuit board, and the antenna system is directly designed on the circuit board using the circuit board process, without having to independently manufacture the antenna body and then electrically connect it to the circuit board, that is, the dielectric substrate, the first metal layer and the second metal layer in the circuit board are used as the structure of the antenna body, and then a through hole is formed on the dielectric substrate, and a gap is arranged on the first metal layer to form the antenna system. The production cost can be effectively reduced, and the circuit board process is relatively mature and stable, which ensures the waveguide function of the antenna system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of an implementation scheme of a board-mounted millimeter wave antenna system of the present application;

[0018] Figure 2 The standing wave diagram of the onboard millimeter wave antenna system of this application;

[0019] Figure 3 The far-field pattern of the onboard millimeter-wave antenna system of this application at the center frequency of 25 GHz in the NR / n258 frequency band;

[0020] Figure 4 The gain diagram of the onboard millimeter wave antenna system of this application at the center frequency of 25GHz in the NR / n258 frequency band;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of an implementation scheme of an onboard millimeter wave communication system of the present application.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an electronic device of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "coaxial", "bottom", "one end", "top", "middle", "the other end", "upper", "one side", "top", "inside", "outside", "front", "center", "both ends", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0025] See also Figure 1 In one embodiment, the onboard millimeter wave antenna system 100 includes a circuit board 10, at least one antenna body 20 and a microstrip line 30. Each antenna body 20 is arranged at a preset position of the circuit board 10, and the antenna body 20 includes a first metal layer 21 arranged on the front side of the circuit board 10 and a second metal layer 22 arranged on the back side of the circuit board 10, and a dielectric substrate 23 between the first metal layer 21 and the second metal layer 22. The antenna body 20 includes a plurality of through holes 24 penetrating the first metal layer 21, the dielectric substrate 23 and the second metal layer 22, and the first metal layer 21 is provided with at least one slit 25.

[0026] Specifically, the number of the antenna body 20 can be one or more, and the antenna body 20 is arranged at a corner or other position of the circuit board 10. The antenna body 20 is, for example, a substrate integrated wave guide (SIW), which is a new type of microwave and millimeter wave guide structure manufactured on a dielectric substrate 23 using a printed circuit board process.

[0027] The manufacturing process of the circuit board 10 is to plate metal layers on two opposite sides of the dielectric substrate 23, and the material of the dielectric substrate 23 includes one or more of polyimide, polytetrafluoroethylene, and ceramic. The manufacturing process of the antenna body 20 is to etch a through hole 24 on the dielectric substrate 23, and the through hole 24 penetrates the first metal layer 21 and the second metal layer 22. The first metal layer 21 and the second metal layer 22 are used to limit the propagation of electromagnetic wave energy in the dielectric substrate 23, thereby forming a waveguide effect. The first metal layer 21 is etched to form a gap 25. The provision of the gap 25 can enable the electromagnetic wave to propagate outward efficiently through the gap 25. The number of the gaps 25 can be one or more.

[0028] It is understandable that in the prior art, the antenna body 20 is independently manufactured and then electrically connected to the circuit board 10. The present application uses the circuit board process to directly design the antenna system 100 on the circuit board 10, that is, the dielectric substrate 23, the first metal layer 21 and the second metal layer 22 in the circuit board 10 are used as the structure of the antenna body 20, and then a through hole 24 is formed on the dielectric substrate 23, and a gap 25 is set on the first metal layer 21 to form the antenna system 100. The manufacturing cost can be effectively reduced, and the circuit board 10 process is relatively mature and stable, which ensures the waveguide function of the antenna system 100.

[0029] One end of the microstrip line 30 is connected to the antenna body 20, wherein the other end of the microstrip line 30 is used to connect to the RF module 50 that is independently provided on the circuit board 10 from the antenna body 20. The microstrip line 30 is a transmission conductor that realizes communication between the antenna body 20 and the RF module 50. The RF module 50 is provided separately from the antenna body 20, so that the RF module 50 is directly mounted on the circuit board 10, and the RF module 50 can be flexibly provided, reducing the limitation of packaging the RF module 50 and the antenna body 20 together, and the RF module 50 and the circuit board 10 no longer need to be connected using an LCP transmission line, which greatly reduces the cost.

[0030] It can be seen from the above content that the board-mounted millimeter wave antenna system 100 of the present application includes a circuit board 10, at least one antenna body 20 and a microstrip line 30, each antenna body 20 is arranged at a preset position of the circuit board 10, and the antenna system 100 is directly designed on the circuit board 10 using the circuit board 10 process, without having to independently manufacture the antenna body 20 and then electrically connect it to the circuit board 10, that is, the dielectric substrate 23, the first metal layer 21 and the second metal layer 22 in the circuit board 10 are used as the structure of the antenna body 20, and then a through hole 24 is formed on the dielectric substrate 23, and a gap 25 is set on the first metal layer 21 to form the antenna system 100. The manufacturing cost can be effectively reduced, and the circuit board 10 process is relatively mature and stable, which ensures the waveguide function of the antenna system 100.

[0031] In one embodiment, a plurality of through holes 24 are arranged in an array along at least a portion of the edge adjacent to the preset position, and all the gaps 25 on the first metal layer 21 are located between the through holes 24 arranged in the array. Figure 1 The diagram shows that the plurality of through holes 24 are distributed in an array along two edges of the preset position, and the arrangement of the through holes 24 is easy to process and realizes the transmission of electromagnetic waves. In other embodiments, the plurality of through holes 24 can also be distributed in an array along one edge of the preset position.

[0032] In one implementation scenario, multiple through holes 24 are arranged along two parallel long sides adjacent to a preset position, and all gaps 25 on the first metal layer 21 are parallel to the extension direction of the through holes 24, so as to facilitate setting the through holes 24 and gaps 25 at the preset position of the circuit board 10.

[0033] In another implementation scenario, multiple through holes 24 are arranged in an array along four sides adjacent to the preset position, and multiple through holes 24 surround part of the preset position. Multiple gaps 25 on the first metal layer 21 are staggered in the area enclosed by the through holes 24 to enhance the stability of the antenna body 20.

[0034] In one embodiment, the plurality of slits 25 are arranged in a staggered manner on the first metal layer 21 , and the plurality of slits 25 are parallel to each other on the first metal layer 21 . Figure 1 It is shown that two slots 25 are arranged alternately and spaced on the first metal layer 21, which is easy to realize the waveguide structure. In other embodiments, the number of slots 25 can also be customized, and the slots 25 can also be arranged in other shapes, such as "X"-shaped slots, which is not limited in this application.

[0035] In one embodiment, the preset position is located at a corner of the circuit board 10, and through holes 24 are provided on two sides of the antenna body 20 adjacent to the corner and another long side parallel to the long side, and the extension direction of the gap 25 is parallel to the long side. Figure 1The through holes 24 are shown to be arranged in an open rectangle, which is easy to process and realize a waveguide structure. In other embodiments, the through holes 24 may also be located at two sides of the corner, and the extending direction of the slot 25 may also be set to form an angle with the long side.

[0036] In one embodiment, the shape of the slot 25 is rectangular, the antenna system 100 is provided with a rated wavelength when in operation, the length of the slot 25 is at least half of the rated wavelength, and the width of the slot 25 is less than one tenth of the rated wavelength, and the spacing between the slots 25 is less than one quarter of the wavelength, and the slot parameters are determined according to the rated wavelength designed for the antenna system 100 to ensure that the antenna system 100 can effectively receive and transmit electromagnetic waves. Of course, the size and shape of the slot 25, as well as the distance between the slots 25 can be reasonably adjusted according to actual conditions, and this application does not specifically limit this.

[0037] In one embodiment, the through hole 24 is circular in shape, the diameter of the through hole 24 is one quarter of the rated wavelength, and the distance between the through holes 24 is less than half of the diameter. In other embodiments, the through hole 24 may also be square or other shapes, and the diameter of the through hole 24 and the distance between the through holes 24 are designed according to the rated wavelength to confine the electromagnetic wave in the closed cavity formed by the dielectric substrate 23, the first metal layer 21 and the second metal layer 22, so as to avoid leakage of the electromagnetic wave.

[0038] In one embodiment, the antenna system 100 further includes an impedance converter 40, which is disposed in a preset position on the circuit board 10, and the impedance converter 40 connects the antenna body 20 and the microstrip line 30. The impedance converter 40 is used to solve the impedance matching problem between the antenna body 20 and the microstrip line 30. In one embodiment, the impedance of the microstrip line 30 is 50 ohms, and the impedance converter 40 converts the impedance of 50 ohms into 50 ohms, thereby ensuring that the transmission of the signal will not be affected by the impedance mismatch. In other embodiments, the impedance of the microstrip line 30 can also be adjusted as needed. For example, by changing the width and thickness of the microstrip line 30, the impedance of the microstrip line 30 can be adjusted, thereby achieving a better signal transmission effect.

[0039] The performance indicators of this application are simulated and analyzed using CST 3D electromagnetic simulation software and verified by physical testing. Figure 2 It is a standing wave diagram of the onboard millimeter wave antenna system 100, which shows that the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna system 100 is less than 2 in the operating frequency band from 22 GHz to 30 GHz, which well covers the current 5G millimeter wave commercial NR / n257, NR / n258, and NR / n261 frequency bands. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The far-field radiation pattern and gain pattern of the onboard millimeter-wave antenna system 100 at the center frequency of 25 GHz in the NR / n258 frequency band are shown.

[0040] See also Figure 1 and Figure 5 In one embodiment, the onboard millimeter wave communication system 200 includes the antenna system 100 and the RF module 50 in any of the above embodiments. The RF module 50 is independently arranged on the circuit board 10 from the antenna body 20 of the antenna system 100, and the RF module 50 is connected to the microstrip line 30 of the antenna system 100.

[0041] It should be noted that traditional electronic devices 300 are mostly module solutions integrating a RF module 50 and an antenna system 100. The millimeter-wave RF module 50 is designed on the back of the antenna system 100 and connected to the circuit board 10 through an LCP transmission line. Since this solution adopts a modular design, the module size is fixed and cannot fit the industrial design of the electronic device 300. The electronic device 300 has limited space for placing the millimeter-wave module. At the same time, due to the size limitation of the module wiring circuit board, the RF module 50 generates severe heat when working, and the antenna system is limited by the design framework of the RF module 50. The antenna body 20 can only adopt a series-fed structure, and the antenna array gain is low, and it is impossible to receive and transmit data at a longer distance.

[0042] In the present application, the antenna system 100 is connected to the port of the RF module 50 through the impedance transformer 40 and the microstrip line 30, and the slot 25 antenna is radiated outward by the excitation of the RF module 50. The RF module 50 is set separately from the antenna body 20, so that the RF module 50 is directly mounted on the circuit board 10. The RF module 50 can be flexibly set, reducing the limitation of packaging the RF module 50 and the antenna body 20 together, and the RF module 50 and the circuit board 10 no longer need to be connected using an LCP transmission line, which greatly reduces the cost and shares the heat dissipation components of the electronic device 300, so that the heat dissipation performance of the RF module 50 is greatly improved, and the reliability of the electronic device 300 is enhanced.

[0043] Optionally, in the onboard millimeter wave communication system 200, the number of antenna systems 100 can be flexibly set according to the antenna gain requirement of the onboard millimeter wave communication system 200. When the onboard millimeter wave communication system 200 includes multiple antenna systems 100, the antenna system 100 is usually arranged at the corner of the circuit board 10, so as to facilitate packaging of multiple antenna systems 100 on the circuit board 10, and the RF module 50 is arranged between the multiple antenna systems 100 on the circuit board 10, wherein each antenna system 100 can match its own RF module 50, or at least some of the antenna systems 100 share the RF module 50.

[0044] See also Figure 6In one embodiment, the electronic device 300 integrates the onboard millimeter wave communication system 200 in the above embodiment. The electronic device 300 is, for example, a mobile phone, a tablet, a computer, etc. Since the electronic device 300 integrates the onboard millimeter wave communication system 200 in the above embodiment, the electronic device 300 also has the beneficial effects of reducing costs and enhancing reliability.

[0045] The above description is only an implementation method of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly used in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A board-mounted millimeter wave antenna system, characterized in that: include: Circuit boards; At least one antenna body; wherein each of the antenna bodies is disposed at a preset position of the circuit board, the antenna body comprises a first metal layer disposed on the front side of the circuit board and a second metal layer disposed on the back side of the circuit board, and a dielectric substrate between the first metal layer and the second metal layer, the antenna body comprises a plurality of through holes penetrating the first metal layer, the dielectric substrate and the second metal layer, and the first metal layer is provided with at least one slit; A microstrip line, one end of which is connected to the antenna body; wherein the other end of the microstrip line is used to connect to a radio frequency module that is independently arranged on the circuit board and is independent of the antenna body.

2. The antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that The plurality of through holes are arranged in an array along at least a portion of the edge adjacent to the preset position, and all of the gaps on the first metal layer are located between the through holes arranged in the array.

3. The antenna system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The plurality of slits are arranged on the first metal layer at intervals and in a staggered manner, and the plurality of slits are parallel to each other on the first metal layer.

4. The antenna system according to claim 3, characterized in that The preset position is located at a corner of the circuit board, and the through holes are arranged at two sides of the antenna body adjacent to the corner and at another long side parallel to the long side, and the extending direction of the slit is parallel to the long side.

5. The antenna system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The slot is in a rectangular shape, the antenna system is provided with a rated wavelength during operation, the length of the slot is at least half of the rated wavelength, and the width of the slot is less than one tenth of the rated wavelength.

6. The antenna system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The through hole is circular in shape, a diameter of the through hole is one quarter of the rated wavelength, and a distance between the through holes is less than half of the diameter.

7. The antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: An impedance transformer is arranged in the preset position on the circuit board and connects the antenna body and the microstrip line.

8. The antenna system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The impedance of the microstrip line is 50 ohms.

9. An onboard millimeter wave communication system, characterized in that: include: The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 8; The radio frequency module is arranged on a circuit board independently of the antenna body of the antenna system and is connected to the microstrip line of the antenna system.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device is integrated with the on-board millimeter wave communication system of claim 9.

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