Tunnel seepage water collecting, guiding and discharging device
By designing a drainage network including a water seepage filter layer, a drainage layer and a waterproof layer in the tunnel, combined with a water collection tank and a polymer waterproof board, the problems of poor drainage effect, poor safety and durability of the tunnel drainage device in the prior art are solved, and efficient, safe and durable tunnel water seepage treatment effect is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422113928.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-27
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-29
AI Technical Summary
When handling rock wall seepage, existing tunnel drainage devices have poor drainage effect, poor safety and durability, making it difficult to effectively prevent moisture penetration and surrounding rock softening.
A drainage network including a water seepage filter layer, a drainage layer and a waterproof layer was designed. Combined with a water collector and a polymer waterproof plate, it is fixed to the rock wall by steel nails to form an effective waterproof and waterproof system.
It achieves good drainage effect, improves the overall stability and safety of the tunnel structure, ensures the durability and waterproofing ability of the system, and avoids the erosion of the tunnel structure by moisture.
Smart Images
Figure CN222910070U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering facilities, in particular to a tunnel seepage water collecting and draining device. Background Art
[0002] During tunnel excavation and construction, long-term water seepage in the rock wall is a common problem. It not only causes the tunnel ground to soften, affecting the overall stability and safety of the structure, but may also cause damage to the water and electricity facilities inside the tunnel. At present, there are some common treatment methods for the problem of water seepage in the rock wall, but these methods all have certain limitations:
[0003] Shotcrete: Although it can provide a certain waterproofing effect, under the action of continuous water seepage, the concrete layer may gradually lose its adhesion, resulting in a weakening of the waterproofing effect.
[0004] Setting up drainage holes: This method can drain some of the seepage water, but it is difficult to deal with effectively when there is a large amount of water, and long-term operation may cause blockage and fail.
[0005] Use waterproof cloth: Laying waterproof cloth at the water seepage point can temporarily prevent water from penetrating. However, when the accumulated water reaches a certain amount, the waterproof cloth is prone to bulging or rupture, losing its waterproof function.
[0006] Gravity drainage system: The system is designed to allow seepage water to flow out naturally along a specific path. Although this method is simple and easy to implement, it cannot prevent the rock from being softened by water and then lost with the water flow, posing a threat to the stability of the surrounding rock. Utility Model Content
[0007] In order to solve the technical problems of poor drainage effect, poor safety and poor durability of existing drainage devices, the utility model provides a tunnel seepage collection and drainage device with good drainage effect, good safety and good durability.
[0008] The technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve its technical problems is:
[0009] A tunnel seepage water collection and drainage device comprises a seepage surface formed by a tunnel vault and a tunnel side wall, and also comprises a drainage net, wherein the drainage net is in contact with the seepage surface, drainage structures are arranged at the bottom of the tunnel side walls on both sides, and the horizontal projections of the left and right sides of the drainage net fall into the drainage structure. The drainage net is divided into a seepage filter layer, a drainage layer and a waterproof layer in sequence from the side contacting the seepage surface to the side away from the seepage surface. A plurality of steel nail reserved holes are opened through the drainage net, and the drainage net also comprises steel nails penetrated into the steel nail reserved holes, and the drainage net is fixed to the tunnel rock wall where the seepage surface is located by the steel nails.
[0010] Furthermore, the drainage structure is a water collecting box with an opening on the top, and the left and right sides of the drainage net are inserted into the water collecting box through the opening.
[0011] Furthermore, the waterproof layer is a waterproof board made of a polymer. For example, polyvinyl chloride or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer.
[0012] Furthermore, the waterproof board has a spliced structure. For example, dovetail tenon, wedge tenon, oblique tenon or other mortise and tenon connection structures, and a sealing layer is provided at the splicing gap.
[0013] Furthermore, waterproof members for sealing are provided on both the front and rear sides of the drainage net, and the material thereof is a polymer.
[0014] Furthermore, the gap between the steel nails and the tunnel rock mass is filled with an anchoring agent.
[0015] Furthermore, the water seepage filtration layer is geotextile, such as spunbond or non-woven fabric.
[0016] Furthermore, the drainage layer is a three-dimensional network water guiding structure. The three-dimensional network water guiding structure is a known structure in the market in this field. Those skilled in the art should be clear about what kind of structure the three-dimensional network water guiding structure used in the drainage layer is. Therefore, the structure used in the drainage layer should be clear here.
[0017] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:
[0018] 1. Structure design of the drainage net: The drainage net closely adheres to the water seepage surface of the tunnel, and through the combination of the water seepage filtration layer, the drainage layer and the waterproof layer, an effective waterproof and water guiding system is formed. The seepage water in the tunnel flows to the drainage structure through the drainage net and is discharged, skillfully avoiding the seepage water flowing to the tunnel ground and damaging the tunnel ground, and improving the overall stability and safety of the tunnel structure. The fixation of the steel nails ensures the stability of the drainage net, prevents it from being displaced or damaged due to water pressure changes, and improves the overall safety and durability of the system.
[0019] 2. Design of the water collection tank: The water collection tank, as the drainage structure, can effectively collect the water flowing down from the drainage net, avoiding the accumulation of water in the tunnel. The left and right sides of the drainage net are inserted into the water collection tank, preventing the splashing of water and damage to the tunnel ground, and ensuring a good collection effect.
[0020] 3. Polymer waterproof layer: The waterproof board made of polymer materials (such as polyvinyl chloride or ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer) has good waterproof performance and durability, can effectively prevent water from passing through the drainage net, and protects the tunnel structure from moisture erosion.
[0021] 4. Split-type structure of waterproof board: The split-type waterproof board is convenient for installation and maintenance, and the construction method is convenient. It only needs simple splicing. By setting a sealing layer at the splicing gap, the protection effect can be achieved. In addition, the split-type waterproof board is convenient for adjusting its own size to adapt to water seepage areas of different sizes. Setting a sealing layer at the splicing gap further enhances the waterproof effect and reduces the risk of water leakage caused by joints.
[0022] 5. Waterproof parts on the front and rear sides of the drainage net: Waterproof parts are set on the front and rear sides of the drainage net, so that seepage water can only extend to the side part of the drainage structure through the drainage net for drainage, forming a closed waterproof environment, further improving the waterproof ability of the entire system and reducing the impact of moisture on the tunnel structure.
[0023] 6. Filling of anchoring agent between steel nails and rock mass: The filling of the anchoring agent strengthens the connection strength between the steel nails and the tunnel rock mass, improves the fixing reliability of the drainage net, and can maintain good stability even under complex geological conditions.
[0024] 7. The water seepage filtration layer uses geotextile: Geotextile (such as spunbond or non-woven fabric) is used as the water seepage filtration layer, which can effectively filter impurities in the water, prevent blockage of the water conduction channel, and at the same time maintain good water permeability, helping to improve the overall drainage efficiency of the system.
[0025] 8. Three-dimensional network water conduction structure: The three-dimensional network water conduction structure can effectively guide the water flow to flow along the predetermined direction, reduce the residence time of water in the drainage net, accelerate the drainage speed, and thus improve the drainage efficiency and reliability of the entire system.
[0026] In summary, these design improvements not only solve the problems of poor drainage effect, low safety and insufficient durability in the prior art, but also significantly improve the effect of tunnel water seepage treatment, providing a strong guarantee for the safe operation of tunnel projects. Brief Description of the Drawings
[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a tunnel water seepage collection and drainage device of the present utility model;
[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the layered structure of the drainage net;
[0029] In the figure, the labels are: 1 - drainage net, 2 - steel nail, 3 - drainage structure, 4 - water seepage surface, 5 - water seepage filtration layer, 6 - drainage layer, 7 - waterproof layer, 8 - sealing layer. Detailed Embodiment
[0030] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clearly expressed, the present utility model will be further described below with reference to the drawings.
[0031] First of all, it should be stated that the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are clearly and completely described. The described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, rather than a limitation on the present utility model. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope protected by this application.
[0032] In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present utility model, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation structure and operation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present utility model.
[0033] It should be noted that in the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated: it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific situations.
[0034] Referring to Figures 1 to 2 , the present utility model provides a tunnel seepage water collection and drainage device.
[0035] In the embodiment of this solution, a tunnel seepage water collection and drainage device includes a seepage surface 4 formed by the tunnel crown and the tunnel side walls. It also includes a drainage net 1, which is in contact with the seepage surface 4. Drainage structures 3 are provided at the bottoms of the two tunnel side walls on both sides. The horizontal projections of the left and right sides of the drainage net 1 fall into the drainage structures 3. From the side in contact with the seepage surface 4 to the side away from the seepage surface 4, the drainage net 1 is successively divided into a seepage filtration layer 5, a drainage layer 6, and a waterproof layer 7. A plurality of steel nail reserved holes are penetrated through the drainage net 1, and it also includes steel nails 2 inserted into the steel nail reserved holes. The drainage net 1 is fixed on the tunnel rock wall where the seepage surface 4 is located through the steel nails 2.
[0036] The drainage structure 3 is preferably a water collection tank, and the water collection tank is naturally drained by setting a certain slope or the water collection tank is connected to a pumping station to assist in drainage; a drainage groove can also be designed. The drainage net 1 extends into the drainage groove, or the left and right sides of the drainage net 1 are located above the drainage groove. The drainage groove collects the dripping seepage water, and the drainage groove conducts centralized drainage treatment on the seepage water collected by the drainage net 1 and discharges it to a designated position; or a water pipe is provided to connect with the drainage net 1, and the seepage water inside the drainage net 1 is discharged outside the tunnel through the water pipe.
[0037] In an embodiment of this solution, the drainage structure 3 is a collecting tank. The top of the collecting tank has an opening, and the left and right sides of the drainage net 1 are inserted into the collecting tank through the opening. The collecting tank prevents water from splashing and damaging the tunnel floor, ensuring a good collection effect.
[0038] In an embodiment of this solution, the waterproof layer 7 is a waterproof board made of a polymer. Generally, the polymer here refers to polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyethylene (PE), or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO). This application preferably uses an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) waterproof board. The EVA material is a thermoplastic elastomer with excellent elasticity and tear resistance; it has good low-temperature performance and is suitable for use in cold environments; the EVA waterproof board is also easy to splice and repair; the flexibility of the EVA material enables it to adapt to large deformations and is suitable for tunnels with complex geological conditions.
[0039] In an embodiment of this solution, the waterproof board has a spliced structure, such as a dovetail tenon, a wedge tenon, an oblique tenon, or other mortise and tenon connection structures. A sealing layer 8 is provided at the splicing gap. Generally, the sealing layer 8 here is silicone sealant, polysulfide sealant, polyurethane sealant, or modified asphalt sealant. There is no special limitation here. According to the actual working conditions on site, a suitable sealing layer 8 is selected to coat the splicing gap, thereby achieving sealed waterproofing.
[0040] In an embodiment of this solution, waterproof members for sealing are provided on both the front and rear sides of the drainage net 1, and their material is a polymer. Generally, the polymer here refers to polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyethylene (PE), or thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO). By providing waterproof members on both the front and rear sides of the drainage net 1, the seepage water can only extend to the side inside the drainage structure 3 through the drainage net 1 for drainage, forming a relatively closed waterproof environment, further improving the waterproof ability of the entire system and reducing the impact of moisture on the tunnel structure.
[0041] In an embodiment of this solution, the gap between the steel nail 2 and the tunnel rock mass is filled with an anchoring agent. The anchoring agent uses a resin anchoring agent, a cement-based anchoring agent, or a chemical grouting material. The resin anchoring agent is the most commonly used type of anchoring agent, usually consisting of two components, namely resin and hardener. When in use, the resin and hardener are cured through mechanical mixing or chemical reaction to form a hard solid, fixing the steel nail 2 in the tunnel rock mass; the cement-based anchoring agent is composed of cement and an appropriate amount of additives and is cured through a hydration reaction to form an anchoring material with high strength and durability.
[0042] In an embodiment of the present solution, the water seepage filtration layer 5 is a geotextile. For example, a spunbonded fabric or a non-woven fabric. Since the spunbonded fabric and the non-woven fabric have strong filtration capabilities, the seepage water on the tunnel rock wall flows into the drainage layer 6 through the filtration of the geotextile. The geotextile blocks the sediment and stones in the seepage water to prevent the sediment and stones from entering the drainage layer 6.
[0043] In an embodiment of the present solution, the drainage layer 6 is a three-dimensional mesh water guiding structure. The three-dimensional mesh water guiding structure generally refers to a spunlace mat, a three-dimensional mesh, a cross elastic mesh or a fiber mat. The structures of the spunlace mat, the three-dimensional mesh or the cross elastic mesh are that several filamentous materials cross left and right, cross up and down and are hollow in the middle, and finally interweave to form a three-dimensional mesh water guiding structure with drainage performance and drainage space. The fiber mat is made of natural or synthetic fibers, and they have high hydrophilicity and can quickly absorb and transfer water through capillary action. The three-dimensional mesh water guiding structure is a known structure in the market in this field. Those skilled in the art should be clear about what kind of structure the three-dimensional mesh water guiding structure used in the drainage layer 6 is. Therefore, the structure of the drainage layer 6 should be clear here.
Claims
1. A tunnel seepage collection and drainage device, comprising a seepage surface (4) formed by a tunnel vault and a tunnel side wall, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a drainage net (1), the drainage net (1) is fitted with a seepage surface (4), drainage structures (3) are arranged at the bottom of the tunnel side walls on both sides, the horizontal projections of the left and right sides of the drainage net (1) fall into the drainage structure (3), the drainage net (1) is divided into a seepage filter layer (5), a drainage layer (6) and a waterproof layer (7) in sequence from the side contacting the seepage surface (4) to the side away from the seepage surface (4), a plurality of steel nail reserved holes are opened through the drainage net (1), and the invention also comprises steel nails (2) inserted into the steel nail reserved holes, and the drainage net (1) is fixed to the tunnel rock wall where the seepage surface (4) is located by the steel nails (2).
2. A tunnel seepage collection and drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage structure (3) is a water collecting box, the top of which is provided with an opening, and the left and right sides of the drainage net (1) are inserted into the water collecting box through the opening.
3. A tunnel seepage collection and drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waterproof layer (7) is a waterproof board made of high molecular polymer.
4. A tunnel seepage collection and drainage device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The waterproof board is a spliced structure, and a sealing layer (8) is provided in the spliced gap.
5. The tunnel seepage collection and drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front and rear sides of the drain net (1) are both provided with waterproof parts for sealing, and the material of the waterproof parts is a high molecular polymer.
6. The tunnel seepage collection and drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gap between the steel nail (2) and the tunnel rock mass is filled with an anchoring agent.
7. The tunnel seepage collection and drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water seepage filter layer (5) is a geotextile.
8. The tunnel seepage collection and drainage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage layer (6) is a three-dimensional mesh water-conducting structure.