Photovoltaic voltage conversion circuit

Abstract

The utility model relates to a photovoltaic voltage conversion circuit. The method is suitable for the photovoltaic field. The technical scheme comprises a power supply module having a solar cell and an energy storage unit which are connected in parallel; the input end of the voltage stabilizing module is connected with the power supply module; the input end of the voltage control module is connected with the output end of the voltage stabilizing module, and the voltage control module is used for alternately outputting high level at the first output end and the second output end when the input voltage of the input end meets a preset condition; the input end of the first switch unit is connected with the first output end of the voltage control module, and the first switch unit can be controlled to be switched on when high level is input into the input end of the first switch unit; the input end of the second switch unit is connected with the second output end of the voltage control module, and the switch unit can be controlled to be switched on when high level is input into the input end of the second switch unit; the upper end of a first primary coil of the transformer is grounded through a first switch unit, and the lower end of the first primary coil is connected with the power module; the upper end of the second primary coil is connected with the power module, and the lower end of the second primary coil is grounded through the second switch unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a photovoltaic voltage conversion circuit, which is applicable to the photovoltaic field. Background Art

[0002] The main principle of photovoltaic power generation is the photoelectric effect of semiconductors. When photons irradiate on a metal, their energy can be completely absorbed by an electron in the metal. If the energy absorbed by the electron is large enough, it can overcome the internal gravitational work of the metal and escape from the metal surface to become a photoelectron. A silicon atom has 4 outer electrons. If an atom with 5 outer electrons such as a phosphorus atom is doped into pure silicon, it becomes an N-type semiconductor; if an atom with 3 outer electrons such as a boron atom is doped into pure silicon, a P-type semiconductor is formed. When the P-type and N-type are combined together, a potential difference will be formed at the contact surface, becoming a solar cell. When sunlight irradiates on the P-N junction, current will flow from the P-type side to the N-type side, forming a current.

[0003] The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon in which light irradiation causes a potential difference to be generated between different parts of an inhomogeneous semiconductor or the combination of a semiconductor and a metal. It is first a process of converting photons (light waves) into electrons and converting light energy into electrical energy; secondly, it is a process of forming a voltage.

[0004] At present, photovoltaic conversion devices on the market often have the problems that they cannot provide voltage when the light is dim and have no power supply when electrical energy is needed at night, and their applicability is relatively low. Content of the Utility Model

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is: in view of the above problems, to provide a photovoltaic voltage conversion circuit.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a photovoltaic voltage conversion circuit, characterized by comprising:

[0007] A power supply module having a solar cell and an energy storage unit connected in parallel;

[0008] A voltage stabilizing module, whose input end is connected to the power supply module;

[0009] A voltage control module, whose input end is connected to the output end of the voltage stabilizing module, and is used for alternately outputting high levels at its first and second output ends when the voltage input at its input end meets a preset condition;

[0010] A first switch unit, whose input end is connected to the first output end of the voltage control module, and can control the conduction of the switch unit when a high level is input at its input end;

[0011] A second switch unit, whose input end is connected to the second output end of the voltage control module, and can control the conduction of the switch unit when a high level is input at its input end;

[0012] A transformer, the upper end of its first primary coil is grounded through the first switching unit, and the lower end of the first primary coil is connected to the power supply module; the upper end of its second primary coil is connected to the power supply module, and the lower end of the second primary coil is grounded through the second switching unit.

[0013] The voltage stabilizing module includes a voltage regulator U1, a potentiometer RP1 and a resistor R1. The grounding end of the voltage regulator U1 is connected to one end of the potentiometer RP1 and the resistor R1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the output end of the voltage regulator U1.

[0014] A capacitor C2 is connected to the output end of the voltage regulator U1.

[0015] The voltage control module has a switching power supply pulse width modulation type controller.

[0016] The first switching unit uses a triode V2; the second switching unit uses a triode V1.

[0017] The voltage stabilizing module is connected to the power supply module through a switch S1.

[0018] It further includes a light emitting diode D2, and this light emitting diode D2 is connected to the power supply module through the switch S1.

[0019] The energy storage unit includes a capacitor C1.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows: The present utility model converts solar energy into electrical energy through a solar cell, and the solar cell is connected in parallel with the energy storage unit for storage. When the light is strong, the energy storage unit stores the electrical energy output by the solar cell, and when the light is dim, the energy storage unit releases the stored electrical energy to supply power to the load, avoiding the situation that the solar cell cannot output electrical energy in dim situations such as at night, and greatly increasing the applicability of the photovoltaic device.

[0021] The present utility model realizes DC-AC conversion through the cooperation of the voltage control module, the first switching unit, the second switching unit and the transformer, greatly simplifying the conversion circuit structure. Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 It is the circuit schematic diagram of the embodiment. Detailed Embodiment

[0023] This embodiment provides a photovoltaic voltage conversion circuit, including a power supply module, a voltage stabilizing module, a voltage control module, first and second switching units, a transformer, etc.

[0024] In this example, the power supply module has a solar cell E1 and an energy storage unit. The energy storage unit uses a capacitor C1. The positive electrode of the solar cell E1 is connected to the positive electrode of the diode D1. The diode D1 prevents the capacitor C1 from supplying power to the battery E1. The solar cell E1 converts solar energy into electrical energy. The negative electrode of the diode D1 is connected to one end of the capacitor C1 and the switch S1. The capacitor C1 is a super capacitor and plays a role in storing electrical energy. The other end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery E1.

[0025] In this embodiment, the voltage regulator module includes a voltage regulator U1 (7812), a potentiometer RP1, a resistor R1, and a capacitor C2. The other end of the switch S1 is connected to the positive electrode of the light-emitting diode D2 and the input end of the voltage regulator U1. The negative electrode of the light-emitting diode D2 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery E1. The ground terminal of the voltage regulator U1 is connected to one end of the potentiometer RP1 and the resistor R1. The other end of the potentiometer RP1 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery E1. The output end of the voltage regulator U1 is connected to the other end of the resistor R1 and one end of the capacitor C2. The other end of the capacitor C2 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery E1. The capacitor C2 improves the transient response of the voltage regulator U1.

[0026] In this embodiment, the voltage control module has an integrated circuit U2, and the integrated circuit U2 uses SG3524. The output end of the voltage regulator U1 is connected to the 15th pin of the integrated circuit U2. The 8th pin of the integrated circuit U2 is grounded, the 7th pin of the integrated circuit U2 is connected to the capacitor C4, and the other end of the capacitor C4 is grounded. The 6th pin of the integrated circuit U2 is connected to the resistor R8, and the other end of the resistor R6 is grounded. The 5th pin of the integrated circuit U2 is grounded, the 4th pin of the integrated circuit U2 is grounded, the 2nd pin of the integrated circuit U2 is connected to the resistors R7 and R4, and the other end of the resistor R7 is grounded. The 1st pin of the integrated circuit U2 is connected to the resistors R8 and R5, and the other end of the resistor R8 is grounded. The other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the 16th pin of the integrated circuit U2, and the other end of the resistor R5 is connected to the capacitor C3. The other end of the capacitor C3 is connected to the resistor R3, the potentiometer RP2, and the 9th pin of the integrated circuit U2. The other end of the potentiometer RP2 is grounded. The other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the resistor R2, and the other end of the resistor R2 is connected to the 12th pin and the 13th pin of the integrated circuit U2.

[0027] In this example, the first switch unit uses a triode V2, and the second switch unit uses a triode V1. The 11th pin of the integrated circuit U2 is connected to the resistor R9, and the other end of the resistor R9 is connected to the base of the triode V2. The 14th pin of the integrated circuit U2 is connected to the resistor R10, and the other end of the resistor R10 is connected to the base of the triode V1. The emitter of the triode V1 is grounded, and the emitter of the triode V2 is grounded. The triode V1 and the triode V2 are NPN triodes and will only conduct when there is a high level at the base.

[0028] In this embodiment, the transformer has a first primary coil, a second primary coil, and a secondary coil. The upper end of the first primary coil is grounded through the first switching unit, and the lower end of the first primary coil is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor C1 in the power supply module; the upper end of the second primary coil is connected to the positive terminal of the capacitor C1 in the power supply module, and the lower end of the second primary coil is grounded through the second switching unit; the secondary coil is connected to the load X.

[0029] The working principle of the present utility model is as follows:

[0030] When the light is strong, the battery E1 converts solar energy into electrical energy and outputs it to the capacitor C1 for energy storage. At the same time, it can supply power to the load X through the voltage stabilization module, voltage control module, first and second switching units, and transformer, etc.

[0031] When the light is dim, the electrical energy output by the battery E1 is limited, and the capacitor C1 supplies power. After the switch S1 is closed, the output voltage is supplied to the voltage regulator U1 to output a stable voltage. The output voltage is adjusted by changing the potentiometer RP1. The output voltage of the voltage regulator U1 is supplied to the 15th pin of the integrated circuit U2, that is, the power supply terminal supplies a stable voltage. The integrated circuit U2 controls its 14th pin and 11th pin to alternately output high levels, so that the triodes V1 and V2 are alternately turned on. When the triode V1 is turned on, the current direction in the second primary coil is from top to bottom. When the triode V2 is turned on, the current direction in the first primary coil is from bottom to top. Since the triodes V1 and V2 are alternately turned on, the current direction at the input end of the transformer alternates, and then the output end provides an alternating current for the load X to work according to the coil ratio to achieve voltage transformation.

[0032] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not used to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic voltage conversion circuit, characterized in that: include: A power module having a solar cell and an energy storage unit connected in parallel; A voltage stabilizing module, an input end of which is connected to the power module; A voltage control module, whose input end is connected to the output end of the voltage stabilizing module, and is used to alternately output a high level at its first and second output ends when the input voltage at its input end meets a preset condition; A first switch unit, whose input end is connected to the first output end of the voltage control module, and can control the switch unit to be turned on when a high level is input to the input end; A second switch unit, whose input end is connected to the second output end of the voltage control module, can control the switch unit to be turned on when a high level is input to the input end; A transformer, wherein the upper end of the first primary coil is grounded via the first switch unit, and the lower end of the first primary coil is connected to the power module; the upper end of the second primary coil is connected to the power module, and the lower end of the second primary coil is grounded via the second switch unit.

2. The photovoltaic voltage conversion circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage stabilizing module includes a voltage stabilizer U1, a potentiometer RP1 and a resistor R1. The ground end of the voltage stabilizer U1 is connected to the potentiometer RP1 and one end of the resistor R1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the output end of the voltage stabilizer U1.

3. The photovoltaic voltage conversion circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The output end of the voltage regulator U1 is connected to a capacitor C2.

4. The photovoltaic voltage conversion circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage control module has a switching power supply pulse width modulation controller.

5. The photovoltaic voltage conversion circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first switch unit adopts a transistor V2; the second switch unit adopts a transistor V1.

6. The photovoltaic voltage conversion circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage stabilizing module is connected to the power supply module via a switch S1.

7. The photovoltaic voltage conversion circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a light emitting diode D2, which is connected to the power module via the switch S1.

8. The photovoltaic voltage conversion circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage unit includes a capacitor C1.

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