Three-dimensional ventilation well lid

Abstract

The utility model discloses a three-dimensional ventilation well lid, and belongs to the technical field of vertical shaft ventilation, the three-dimensional ventilation well lid comprises a framework, the framework is arranged at the open end of a vertical shaft in a covering mode, and the framework comprises a plurality of ring beams and a plurality of guide columns used for connecting the ring beams; the framework is sleeved with the ventilation mechanism, the ventilation mechanism comprises a top cover and a plurality of shutter assemblies, the top cover is used for preventing sundries from falling into the vertical shaft, the shutter assemblies are arranged on the guide columns in an overlapped mode, all the shutter assemblies are evenly distributed between the girders at the top and the girders at the bottom, a first air channel is formed between every two adjacent shutter assemblies, and a second air channel is formed between every two adjacent shutter assemblies. And a second air duct is arranged between the top cover and the adjacent shutter assembly. The height, exposed out of the ground, of the vertical shaft can be reduced under the condition that the air inlet amount is not changed, the normal ventilation requirement is met, meanwhile, plant covering is matched, invisibility of ground ventilation openings of underground buildings is achieved, and the adverse effect on public landscapes and road traffic safety is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of shaft ventilation, and more particularly to a three-dimensional ventilation manhole cover. Background Art

[0002] Underground enclosed buildings include utility tunnels, subway stations, or building basements, etc. The air circulation inside them is poor, and there is a problem of low oxygen content. Among them, power, telecommunications, heating, and sewage pipelines are often laid in utility tunnels, which are likely to emit heat and harmful gases, while gas pipelines may have the risk of combustible gas leakage. Therefore, it is not conducive to the inspection and maintenance of maintenance personnel. Therefore, underground structures usually need to be provided with an effective ventilation system to improve the internal air quality and ensure the safety of users.

[0003] In the prior art, underground structures usually achieve the exchange of internal and external gases through ground ventilation openings. Conventional ventilation openings often adopt the form of vertical shafts. To prevent rainwater from entering the underground structure, the top of the vertical shaft is provided with a roof for sealing, and louvers are arranged on the side wall of the part exposed on the ground to achieve the ventilation function. To meet the ventilation requirements, if the required ventilation volume is large, the scale of the ventilation opening will also increase accordingly. Correspondingly, the height or planar size of the ventilation opening will also increase.

[0004] However, since the ventilation shafts of underground structures are generally reserved in municipal roads or park green spaces, if their height or planar size is too large, it is likely to affect the visual transparency of the municipal public space, block the driver's line of sight, and affect driving safety. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. For this reason, the present invention provides a three-dimensional ventilation manhole cover, which can reduce the floor area while meeting the normal ventilation requirements, thereby reducing the adverse effects caused by the large floor area reduction of the ventilation shaft.

[0006] The three-dimensional ventilation manhole cover according to some embodiments of the present invention includes a framework, the framework is covered on the opening end of the vertical shaft, the framework includes a plurality of ring beams, and a plurality of guide columns for connecting the plurality of ring beams, and the plurality of ring beams are evenly distributed in the vertical direction; a ventilation mechanism, the ventilation mechanism is sleeved on the framework, the ventilation mechanism includes a cover top and a plurality of louver components, the cover top is covered on the ring beam at the top, the cover top is used to prevent sundries from falling into the vertical shaft, the plurality of louver components are all overlapped on the guide columns, all the louver components are evenly distributed between the top ring beam and the bottom ring beam, a first air duct is provided between two adjacent louver components, and a second air duct is provided between the cover top and the adjacent louver component.

[0007] The three-dimensional ventilation manhole cover according to the embodiments of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: The second air duct and a plurality of first air ducts evenly distributed along the guide posts form a multi-directional ventilation structure surrounding the circumference of the framework. Without changing the air intake volume, it can reduce the height of the shaft exposed above the ground and the planar size of the shaft exposed above the ground. While meeting the normal ventilation requirements, it can, in cooperation with plant screening, achieve the invisibility of the ground ventilation opening of the underground building, and reduce its adverse effects on the urban public space landscape effect and the driving safety of urban roads.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first air duct is arranged downward along the direction away from the shaft, and the second air duct is arranged downward along the direction away from the shaft.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the louver assembly includes: louver blades, the louver blades are arranged obliquely and are arranged on the guide posts; support members, the number of support members corresponds to the number of guide posts, one end of each support member is connected to the louver blades, and the other end is connected to the corresponding guide post, and the support members are used to support the louver blades.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the louver blade has a diversion part and a connection part, one end of the connection part is connected to the diversion part, and the other end is connected to the corresponding guide post, and an included angle is formed between the diversion part and the connection part.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the extending direction of the support member is perpendicular to the extending direction of the guide post.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the enclosed areas of the multiple ring beams decrease sequentially from bottom to top.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the enclosed areas of all the ring beams are the same.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the installation spacing range between adjacent two louver assemblies is 6 to 8 cm.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the width range of the louver blade is 8 to 12 cm.

[0016] The additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be partly given in the following description, partly will become obvious from the following description, or be understood through the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments:

[0018] Figure 1 is the top view of the three-dimensional ventilation manhole cover according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 is Figure 1The elevation view in;

[0020] Figure 3 is Figure 2 the sectional view in.

[0021] Reference numerals:

[0022] Skeleton 100, ring beam 110, guiding column 120;

[0023] Ventilation mechanism 200, top cover 210, louver assembly 220, louver blade 221, diversion part 2211, connecting part 2212, support member 222, first air duct 230, second air duct 240;

[0024] Vertical shaft 10. Detailed implementation manners

[0025] This part will describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present invention. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. The function of the drawings is to supplement the description in the text part of the specification, enabling people to intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and the overall technical solution of the present invention. However, it should not be construed as a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that for the orientation description, such as the orientation or positional relationship indicated by up, down, front, back, left, right, etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation on the present invention.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, the meaning of several is one or more, the meaning of multiple is two or more. Understand greater than, less than, exceeding, etc. as not including the number itself, and understand above, below, within, etc. as including the number itself. If there is a description of first and second, it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the sequence relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, words such as set, install, connect, etc. should be understood in a broad sense. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above words in the present invention in combination with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0029] Refer to Figures 1 to 3 Describe the three-dimensional ventilation manhole cover according to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0030] Such as Figures 1 to 3As shown in the figure, the three-dimensional ventilation manhole cover according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a skeleton 100, the skeleton 100 is covered on the opening end of the shaft 10, the skeleton 100 includes a plurality of ring beams 110, and a plurality of guide columns 120 for connecting the plurality of ring beams 110. The plurality of ring beams 110 are all horizontally arranged, and the plurality of ring beams 110 are evenly distributed in the vertical direction; a ventilation mechanism 200, the ventilation mechanism 200 is sleeved on the skeleton 100, the ventilation mechanism 200 includes a cover top 210 and a plurality of louver components 220. The cover top 210 is covered on the ring beam 110 at the top, and the cover top 210 is used to prevent sundries from falling into the shaft 10. The plurality of louver components 220 are all horizontally arranged, and the plurality of louver components 220 are all overlapped and arranged on all the guide columns 120. All the louver components 220 are evenly distributed between the ring beam 110 at the top and the ring beam 110 at the bottom. There is a first air duct 230 between two adjacent louver components 220, and there is a second air duct 240 between the cover top 210 and the adjacent louver component 220.

[0031] As Figure 3 shown, the opening size of the lower end of the skeleton 100 is larger than the opening of the shaft 10, and the skeleton 100 is covered on the upper end of the shaft 10. Specifically, the skeleton 100 includes a plurality of ring beams 110. As Figure 1 shown, in this specific embodiment, three ring beams 110 are provided, and the three ring beams 110 are evenly distributed in the vertical direction. The ventilation mechanism 200 is erected on the outer wall of the skeleton 100. Specifically, the ventilation mechanism 200 includes a cover top 210 and a plurality of louver components 220. The cover top 210 is arranged on the ring beam 110 at the uppermost end. As Figure 2 shown, the size of the outer eaves of the cover top 210 is larger than that of the ring beam 110 at the uppermost end, so that the cover top 210 is covered on the ring beam 110 at the uppermost end to prevent sundries such as small animals and fallen leaves from falling into the shaft 10 and affecting the safe operation of the internal structure of the shaft 10. As Figure 1 shown, the louver components 220 are horizontally arranged. All the louver components 220 are located between the ring beam 110 at the uppermost end and the ring beam 110 at the lowermost end, and the louver components 220 are annularly sleeved on the outside of all the guide columns 120. Specifically, there is a first air duct 230 between two adjacent louver components 220, and the plurality of first air ducts 230 are arranged in sequence along the extension direction of the guide column 120. There is a second air duct 240 between the cover top 210 and the louver component 220 below the cover top 210.

[0032] Thus, the second air duct 240 and the multiple first air ducts 230 evenly distributed along the guiding columns 120 form a multi-directional ventilation structure surrounding the peripheral side of the framework 100. Without changing the air intake volume, it can reduce the height of the vertical shaft 10 exposed above the ground and decrease the planar dimension of the vertical shaft 10 exposed above the ground. While meeting the normal ventilation requirements and combined with plant screening, it can achieve the invisibility of the ground ventilation opening of the underground building, reducing the adverse impacts on the urban public space landscape effect and the driving safety of urban roads, and at the same time reducing the project investment.

[0033] In this specific embodiment, the framework 100 is in the shape of a quadrangular pyramid. Therefore, the guiding columns 120 are divided into two types. One type is the guiding columns 120 located at the corner positions, and the other type is the guiding columns 120 located at the edge positions. The above-mentioned corner positions refer to the four edges extending from the four corners of the bottom ring beam 110 of the quadrangular pyramid to the vertex, and the above-mentioned edge positions refer to the straight lines extending from a certain point on the four sides of the bottom ring beam 110 of the quadrangular pyramid to the vertex. As Figure 1 shown, in this specific embodiment, there are four guiding columns 120 located at the edge positions. The four guiding columns 120 respectively pass through the midpoints of the respective sides of the bottom ring beam 110 to more evenly distribute and transfer the load of the building, improve the overall stiffness of the structure, and at the same time provide a better sense of balance and symmetry visually, and can cooperate with the surrounding landscape to hide the exposed structure of the vertical shaft 10.

[0034] In some specific implementations of the present invention, the installation spacing range between two adjacent louver assemblies 220 is 6 to 8 cm, and the installation spacing range between the top cover 210 and the adjacent louver assembly 220 below is also 6 to 8 cm.

[0035] In some specific implementations of the present invention, the first air duct 230 is arranged downward along the direction away from the vertical shaft 10, and the second air duct 240 is arranged downward along the direction away from the vertical shaft 10. As Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, the first air duct 230 is arranged downward along the outdoor direction, the second air duct 240 is arranged downward along the outdoor direction, and multiple downward ventilation gaps are formed on the outer peripheral wall of the framework 100.

[0036] In some specific implementations of the present invention, the louver assembly 220 includes: louver blades 221, the louver blades 221 are inclined, and the louver blades 221 are arranged on the guiding columns 120; support members 222, the number of support members 222 corresponds to the number of guiding columns 120, one end of each support member 222 is connected to the louver blades 221, and the other end is connected to the corresponding guiding column 120 connected, and the support members 222 are used to support the louver blades 221.

[0037] As Figure 3As shown, the louver blades 221 are sleeved on each guide post 120 in a downwardly inclined manner. The louver blades 221 arranged downward can effectively block rainwater from entering the ventilation system. Specifically, when the louver boards face downward, rainwater will flow down along the inclined plane and will not enter the interior of the shaft 10, thereby preventing damage to the internal structure of the shaft 10 by rainwater, preventing damage to the ventilation equipment caused by direct sunlight, rainwater immersion or other adverse weather conditions, reducing the influence of external environmental factors on the ventilation equipment, maintaining the normal operation of the ventilation system while extending the service life of the equipment. In addition, the downward arrangement of the louvers can prevent most foreign objects from entering the ventilation shaft 10, block dust, leaves, insects and other sundries outside, keep the ventilation system clean and operating normally. Of course, it can also restrict people from looking into the interior of the shaft 10 from the outside, providing better privacy protection and security, preventing potential intrusion or damage behavior, and providing additional security.

[0038] Furthermore, the louver blades 221 are connected to each guide post 120 in a direction parallel to the ring beam 110. Specifically, a support member 222 is provided at the lower end of the louver blade 221. Among them, there are multiple support members 222, and the number of support members 222 is the same as the number of guide posts 120. The lower end of each louver blade 221 is connected to the corresponding guide post 120 through multiple support members 222 respectively. Specifically, one end of the support member 222 supports the louver blade 221 upward, and the other end is fixedly arranged on the guide post 120. In this specific embodiment, the framework 100 is in the shape of a quadrangular pyramid, and there are eight guide posts 120. Among them, four guide posts 120 are respectively located on the four edges of the quadrangular pyramid, and the other four guide posts 120 are respectively located on the connection lines between the midpoints of each bottom edge and the apex. A support member 222 that can support the louver blade 221 upward is provided on each guide post 120. That is, in this specific embodiment, eight support members 222 are provided for each layer of louver blades 221. In some specific implementations of the present invention, the extending direction of the support member 222 is perpendicular to the extending direction of the guide post 120 to provide a more solid support, keep the louver blade 221 in a horizontal and stable position, and prevent it from sagging or swaying.

[0039] Furthermore, there is an overlapping part in the vertical direction between two adjacent upper and lower louver blades 221. Similarly, there is also an overlapping part in the vertical direction between the cover top 210 and the adjacent lower louver blade 221. When it rains, rainwater can slide smoothly without accumulating on the louvers, reducing rainwater retention. It can not only effectively prevent rainwater from entering the room, but also prevent a water curtain from forming on the windward side of the entire louver window, thus ensuring the normal designed ventilation requirements.

[0040] In some specific implementations of the present invention, the width range of the louver blade 221 is 8 to 12 cm.

[0041] The louver blades 221 are made of lightweight materials such as aluminum alloy, iron sheet, galvanized steel sheet, etc. It should be noted that the material of the cover top 210 can be the same as that of the louver blades 221, that is, the cover top 210 can be made of lightweight aluminum alloy, iron sheet, galvanized steel sheet, etc. Of course, the material of the cover top 210 can also be different from that of the louver blades 221. According to the requirements of the surrounding environment of the actual project location, the cover top 210 can be set as a transparent material such as acrylic board, glass, etc.

[0042] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the louver blades 221 have a diversion part 2211 and a connection part 2212. One end of the connection part 2212 is connected to the diversion part 2211, and the other end is connected to the corresponding guide post 120. An included angle is formed between the diversion part 2211 and the connection part 2212.

[0043] As Figure 3 shown, the louver blades 221 have a diversion part 2211 and a connection part 2212. The diversion part 2211 is arranged at the end of the connection part 2212 away from the shaft 10. The diversion part 2211 is connected to the guide post 120 through the connection part 2212. Specifically, an included angle is formed between the diversion part 2211 and the connection part 2212, and the connection part 2212 is closely attached to the outer surface of the guide post 120 along the guide post 120. In this specific embodiment, the louver blades 221 are welded to the guide post 120 through the connection part 2212, and the welding angle of the connection part 2212 is not less than 30°.

[0044] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the enclosed areas of the multiple ring beams 110 gradually decrease from bottom to top.

[0045] As Figures 1 to 3 shown, the enclosed area of the ring beam 110 at the bottom is the largest, and the enclosed area of the ring beam 110 decreases from bottom to top. The enclosed area of the ring beam 110 at the top is the smallest. Thus, the overall framework 100 forms a cone. In this specific embodiment, the overall framework 100 is a quadrangular pyramid, and its cross-sectional area gradually decreases from bottom to top. Thus, on the one hand, it can reduce the height of the shaft 10 exposed above the ground and reduce the overall volume of the shaft 10 exposed above the ground while ensuring the same air intake volume, realizing the invisibility of the shaft 10 while meeting the normal ventilation requirements, and reducing its adverse effects on the urban public space landscape effect and urban road driving safety. On the other hand, the cone design can promote the smooth flow of air. Specifically, since the bottom of the shaft cover of the shaft 10 is wider and the top is narrower, when the air gradually rises in the shaft 10, it will be guided by the cone structure to form a strong air flow, thereby improving the ventilation efficiency to better discharge the smoke, odor and polluted air in the shaft 10, making the air flow and replace more quickly. At the same time, the cone design also provides good structural stability. Its bottom is wider, which can provide a larger support area, increasing the stability and load-bearing capacity of the shaft 10.

[0046] Of course, the overall framework 100 can also be a multi-sided pyramid such as a triangular pyramid, pentagonal pyramid, hexagonal pyramid, etc. Additionally, the framework 100 can also be a cone, in which case the ring beam 110 is an annular ring beam 110, and the diameters of multiple ring beams 110 decrease successively from bottom to top. The guiding columns 120 are evenly arranged on the peripheral wall of the cone formed by enclosing all the ring beams 110. Thus, various shapes are provided to adapt to different environmental conditions and further realize the invisibility of the exposed structure of the shaft 10 in cooperation with the public space landscape effect.

[0047] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, the enclosed areas of all the ring beams 110 are the same.

[0048] In addition, the overall framework 100 can also be a columnar structure, that is, the enclosed areas of all the ring beams 110 are the same. Correspondingly, the framework 100 can be a multi-sided prism such as a triangular prism, quadrangular prism, pentagonal prism, etc., or the framework 100 can be a cylinder. When the framework 100 is a cylinder, the guiding columns 120 are evenly arranged on the peripheral wall of the cylinder formed by enclosing all the ring beams 110. It should be noted that compared with the conical shape, for the manhole cover with a main body shape, under the condition of ensuring the same ventilation volume, the enclosed area at the bottom is relatively smaller than that at the top, so the space it occupies is also relatively smaller. This means that the exposed structure of the shaft 10 can make more effective use of limited space resources.

[0049] Thus, according to the requirements of the surrounding environment of the shaft 10 construction, structures of different shapes can be selected. For example, a columnar structure can be selected in a location with limited space to improve the space utilization efficiency; a conical structure can be selected in the landscape of the public space to reduce the height of the exposed structure of the shaft 10 and cooperate with the landscape layout to achieve the invisibility of the exposed structure of the shaft 10.

[0050] In some specific embodiments of the present invention, a protective net is provided on the framework 100. The protective net is located at one end of the framework 100 away from the ventilation mechanism 200, and the protective net is used to prevent sundries from being blown into the shaft 10.

[0051] As Figure 3 shown, protective nets are provided on adjacent two guiding columns 120. Specifically, the protective net is arranged on the inner side of the guiding column 120, and the upper end of the protective net extends upward to be connected to the top ring beam 110, and the lower end extends downward to be connected to the bottom ring beam 110, so that the protective net is located on all the first air ducts 230 and the second air ducts 240 to further prevent small animals from entering the shaft 10 through the first air duct 230 or the second air duct 240. Specifically, the protective net is a metal net, the mesh size of which should not be greater than 10mm×10mm, and the shape of the protective net should be arranged according to the shape of the framework 100.

[0052] Specifically, when the framework 100 is a pyramid, the protective net is formed by combining multiple triangular metal mesh sheets; when the framework 100 is a polygonal columnar structure, the protective net is formed by combining multiple rectangular metal mesh sheets; when the framework 100 is a cylinder, the protective net is composed of a whole rectangular metal mesh sheet; and when the framework 100 is a cone, the protective net is composed of a sector-shaped metal mesh sheet.

[0053] The following uses a specific embodiment to illustrate this three-dimensional ventilated manhole cover:

[0054] In some specific implementations of the present invention, as Figures 1 to 3 shown, the framework 100 is a regular square pyramid shape with a side edge inclination angle of 30°. The square opening at the lower end of the framework 100 is covered and arranged at the opening end of the shaft 10. The framework 100 includes three ring beams 110 and eight guide columns 120. The three ring beams 110 are evenly distributed in the vertical direction. Among the eight guide columns 120, four of the guide columns 120 are located at the corner positions, and the other four guide columns 120 are located at the side positions. A protective net is arranged on the inner wall surrounding the eight guide columns 120 to prevent small animals from entering the interior of the shaft 10 through the first air duct 230 and the second air duct 240. The ventilation mechanism 200 includes a cover top 210 and seven louver components 220. The cover top 210 is covered and arranged on the topmost ring beam 110 to prevent small animals, fallen leaves and other sundries from falling into the interior of the shaft 10 and affecting the safe operation of the internal structure of the shaft 10. The seven louver components 220 are horizontally arranged and are all located between the topmost ring beam 110 and the lowermost ring beam 110. The louver components 220 are sleeved on the outside of the framework 100. A first air duct 230 is formed between two adjacent louver components 220. A second air duct 240 is formed between the cover top 210 and the louver component 220 below the cover top 210. The first air duct 230 and the second air duct 240 form a multi-directional ventilation system around the framework 100. The protective net is located on all the first air ducts 230 and the second air ducts 240. Specifically, the louver component 220 includes louvers and eight support members 222. The eight support members 222 are respectively used to connect the louvers and the eight different guide columns 120. Among them, the support member 222 is perpendicular to the corresponding connected guide column 120. The length of the support member 222 is 15 cm, the width of the louver is 10 cm, and the installation spacing between two adjacent upper and lower layers of louvers is 7 cm. Specifically, the louver blade 221 includes a diversion part 2211 and a connection part 2212. An included angle of 156° is formed between the diversion part 2211 and the connection part 2212. The connection part 2212 is closely attached to the guide column 120 and the diversion part 2211 is fixed on the guide column 120 by welding. The included angle between the diversion part 2211 and the horizontal plane is 6°.

[0055] Therefore, by designing the manhole cover as a louver structure, it can partially or completely replace the ventilation openings on the side walls of the conventional ventilation shaft 10. Without changing the air intake volume, it can reduce the height of the ventilation shaft 10 exposed above the ground or the planar size of the shaft 10 exposed above the ground, optimize the visual and landscape effects of the ventilation opening shaft 10, and achieve the invisibility of the ground ventilation opening of the underground building while meeting the normal ventilation requirements. With the cooperation of plant screening, it can reduce its adverse effects on the urban public space landscape effect and the driving safety of urban roads. In addition, the design of the louver structure can also prevent rainwater, mosquitoes, etc. from entering the interior of the underground structure, which can not only reduce the floor area and project investment, but also reduce the adverse effects caused by the large floor area of the ventilation shaft 10. It has the characteristics of small floor area, convenient construction, low investment, and strong applicability.

[0056] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the scope of knowledge possessed by those of ordinary skill in the art.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional ventilation manhole cover, characterized in that: include: A frame (100), the frame (100) being arranged to cover the open end of the shaft (10), the frame (100) comprising a plurality of ring beams (110), and a plurality of guide columns (120) for connecting the plurality of ring beams (110), the plurality of ring beams (110) being evenly distributed in the vertical direction; A ventilation mechanism (200), wherein the ventilation mechanism (200) is sleeved on the frame (100), and the ventilation mechanism (200) comprises a roof (210) and a plurality of louver assemblies (220), wherein the roof (210) is arranged to cover the ring beam (110) located at the top, and the roof (210) is used to prevent debris from falling into the shaft (10), and the plurality of louver assemblies (220) are arranged overlappingly on the guide column (120), and all of the louver assemblies (220) are evenly distributed between the ring beam (110) at the top and the ring beam (110) at the bottom, and a first air duct (230) is provided between two adjacent louver assemblies (220), and a second air duct (240) is provided between the roof (210) and the adjacent louver assemblies (220).

2. The three-dimensional ventilation manhole cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first air duct (230) is arranged downward in a direction away from the vertical shaft (10), and the second air duct (240) is arranged downward in a direction away from the vertical shaft (10).

3. The three-dimensional ventilation manhole cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shutter assembly (220) comprises: A louver blade (221), wherein the louver blade (221) is arranged at an angle, and the louver blade (221) is arranged on the guide column (120); Support members (222), the number of the support members (222) corresponds to the number of the guide columns (120), one end of each of the support members (222) is connected to the louver (221), and the other end is connected to the correspondingly connected guide column (120), and the support members (222) are used to support the louver (221).

4. The three-dimensional ventilation manhole cover according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The louver blade (221) comprises a flow guide portion (2211) and a connecting portion (2212); one end of the connecting portion (2212) is connected to the flow guide portion (2211), and the other end is connected to the corresponding guide column (120); an angle is formed between the flow guide portion (2211) and the connecting portion (2212).

5. The three-dimensional ventilation manhole cover according to claim 3, characterized in that: The extension direction of the support member (222) and the extension direction of the guide column (120) are perpendicular to each other.

6. The three-dimensional ventilation manhole cover according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The enclosed areas of the plurality of ring beams (110) decrease sequentially from bottom to top.

7. The three-dimensional ventilation manhole cover according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The enclosed areas of all the ring beams (110) are the same.

8. The three-dimensional ventilation manhole cover according to claim 1, characterized in that: The installation spacing between two adjacent louver assemblies (220) ranges from 6 to 8 cm.

9. The three-dimensional ventilation manhole cover according to claim 3, characterized in that: The width of the louver blades (221) ranges from 8 to 12 cm.

Images