Bent pipe feeding and discharging device
By designing a bend pipe loading and unloading device including a bracket, loading and unloading module, the first cylinder and the sealing plate, the problem of the fast loading speed cannot match the rhythm of the bending unit is solved, and an efficient loading and unloading process without leakage is achieved, and processing efficiency is improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520796513.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-06
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-04-25
AI Technical Summary
During the loading process of existing pipe bending devices, the loading speed is too fast to adapt to the rhythm of the downstream pipe bending units, which affects processing efficiency.
A pipe bending loading and unloading device is designed, including a bracket, loading and unloading module, a first cylinder and a sealing plate. The loading and unloading module is driven and rotated by the first cylinder, moving the pipe material from the loading station to the discharge station, and avoiding leakage of material through the loading channel through the sealing plate.
The loading speed is matched with the rhythm of the bend unit, avoiding material leakage, improving processing efficiency, and no manual operation is required.
Smart Images
Figure CN222944348U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of loading and unloading mechanisms of processing equipment, in particular to a loading and unloading device for bent pipes. Background Art
[0002] Existing pipe bending devices usually use a vibration plate for automatic loading. Once the vibration plate is turned on, it will continuously vibrate to load the pipe. However, the bending process after the pipe bending device receives the pipe material takes a certain amount of time. If the loading is continuous, the loading speed is too fast and cannot adapt to the rhythm of the downstream pipe bending unit. The mismatch between the two will affect the processing efficiency. Utility Model Content
[0003] In view of the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides a bending pipe loading and unloading device, which can make the loading speed better adapt to the rhythm of the bending unit, avoid leakage in the loading channel, and smoothly move the pipe from the loading station to the unloading station without manual operation, thereby further improving the processing efficiency of the device.
[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution provided by the utility model is a bent pipe loading and unloading device, which includes a bracket, a loading and unloading module, a first cylinder and a sealing plate. The loading and unloading module is rotatably connected to the bracket, and the loading and unloading module is provided with a material receiving port and a material storage cavity connected to the material receiving port; the cylinder body of the first cylinder is hinged to the bracket, and the telescopic rod of the first cylinder is hinged to the loading and unloading module to drive the loading and unloading module to rotate relative to the bracket, and the material receiving port moves between the loading station and the unloading station; the sealing plate is fixed to the loading and unloading module, is arc-shaped, and is arranged along the moving path of the material receiving port.
[0005] Furthermore, the loading and unloading module comprises a shell hinged to the telescopic rod, a material shifting assembly arranged inside the shell, a material receiving port opened in the shell, and a sleeve arranged inside the shell;
[0006] The material storage cavity is formed inside the sleeve, and a material shifting gap is opened along the length direction;
[0007] The material shifting assembly includes a driving device rotatably connected to the shell, a shifting rod connected to the driving device, and a shifting arm arranged on the shifting rod. The shifting rod is rotatably connected to the shell so that the end of the shifting arm moves along the material shifting gap and shifts the material.
[0008] Furthermore, the driving device comprises a second cylinder rotatably connected to the housing, and an output end of a telescopic rod of the second cylinder is rotatably connected to the shifting rod.
[0009] Furthermore, the lever is provided with a slide groove along the length direction, and the lever arm is slidably disposed inside the slide groove.
[0010] Furthermore, the bracket includes a bottom plate, a vertical plate fixed to one side of the bottom plate, and a top plate fixed to a side of the vertical plate away from the bottom plate.
[0011] Furthermore, vertical ribs are provided between the bottom plate and the top plate.
[0012] Furthermore, a cylinder connecting plate is provided on the top plate, and the cylinder connecting plate is hinged to the cylinder body of the first cylinder.
[0013] Furthermore, the top plate is provided with a through hole, and the through hole is used to provide a channel for the sealing plate to move.
[0014] Furthermore, a shaft seat is fixed to the top plate, and the shaft seat is connected to the shell through a rotating shaft.
[0015] Furthermore, a material pushing port is provided on the shell, and the material pushing port is provided on the opposite side of the material receiving port.
[0016] During operation, the telescopic rod of the first cylinder is retracted, the loading and unloading module is in the loading position, the receiving port is docked with the loading channel of the vibrating loading plate at the loading station, and the pipe material enters the material storage chamber inside the loading and unloading module through the receiving port from the loading channel under the action of the vibrating loading plate, completing the loading. The telescopic rod of the first cylinder is extended to push the loading and unloading module to rotate relative to the bracket and swing to the unloading station. During this process, the sealing plate rotates with the loading and unloading module, which can block the outlet of the loading channel to prevent leakage of the loading channel. The receiving port is docked with the receiving column of the bending unit to complete the unloading, and the telescopic rod of the first cylinder is retracted again to drive the loading and unloading module back to the loading position.
[0017] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: a loading and unloading module is set, and the pipe material is moved from the loading station to the unloading station through the swing of the loading and unloading module, and a sealing plate is provided on the loading and unloading module. By setting the sealing plate along the moving path of the material receiving port, the sealing plate can always block the outlet of the loading channel during the movement of the material receiving port, thereby avoiding material leakage. In this way, the loading speed is adapted to the rhythm of the bending unit, and the pipe fittings are smoothly moved from the loading station to the unloading station, thereby improving the processing order, eliminating the need for manual operation, and further improving the processing efficiency of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a bent pipe loading and unloading device in one embodiment of the utility model;
[0019] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of part A;
[0020] Figure 3 It is a partial schematic diagram of a bent pipe loading and unloading device in one embodiment of the utility model when it is in a loading station;
[0021] Figure 4 It is a partial schematic diagram of a bent pipe loading and unloading device in one embodiment of the utility model when it is in a unloading station;
[0022] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a material shifting assembly inside a material loading and unloading module in a bent pipe loading and unloading device in one embodiment of the utility model when the material is not shifted;
[0023] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a material shifting component inside a material shifting module in a bent pipe loading and unloading device in one embodiment of the utility model when the material shifting is completed;
[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure inside a loading and unloading module in a bent pipe loading and unloading device in one embodiment of the utility model;
[0025] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the state of a material shifting assembly inside a loading and unloading module in a bent pipe loading and unloading device in one embodiment of the utility model;
[0026] Fig. 9 This is a partial enlarged view of the position of the shell in a bent pipe loading and unloading device in one embodiment of the utility model;
[0027] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the connection position between the second cylinder and the housing in a bent pipe loading and unloading device in one embodiment of the utility model;
[0028] Fig.11 This is a schematic structural diagram of a sleeve in a bent pipe loading and unloading device in one embodiment of the utility model;
[0029] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the matching between the guide groove of the sleeve and the cylindrical protrusion of the lever arm in a bent pipe loading and unloading device in one embodiment of the utility model;
[0030] In the figure:
[0031] 100, bracket, 110, bottom plate, 120, vertical plate, 130, top plate, 131, cylinder connecting plate, 132, through hole, 133, shaft seat, 134, rotating shaft, 140, vertical rib,
[0032] 200, loading and unloading module, 210, shell, 211, material receiving port, 212, material pushing port, 213, shell body, 2131, rotating connecting piece, 2132, connecting bracket, 214, back cover, 220, material shifting assembly, 221, shifting arm, 2211, cylindrical protrusion, 222, second cylinder, 2221, telescopic rod output end, 223, shifting rod, 2231, slide groove, 230, sleeve, 231, material storage cavity, 232, material shifting gap, 233, guide slide groove,
[0033] 300, first cylinder,
[0034] 400, seal the board,
[0035] 10. Loading unit, 11. Vibrating loading tray, 12. Loading channel, 13. Loading station,
[0036] 20. Bending unit, 21. Unloading station, 22. Receiving column,
[0037] 30. Pipe material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0038] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the utility model more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the utility model are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the utility model. However, the utility model can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the utility model, so the utility model is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
[0039] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , shows a schematic structural diagram of a pipe bending loading and unloading device in one embodiment of the utility model, which is used for loading and unloading of the pipe bending device, that is, moving the pipe material 30 from the loading unit 10 to the pipe bending unit 20, and the pipe material 30 is bent at the pipe bending unit 20. It should be noted that the pipe material 30 is a short straight pipe when it is moved from the loading unit 10 to the pipe bending unit 20, and is made into a bent pipe after being bent at the pipe bending unit 20. The pipe bending loading and unloading device of this embodiment is used to move the short straight pipe from the loading unit 10 to the pipe bending unit 20. In this embodiment, the loading unit 10 includes a vibrating loading tray 11, and the pipe material 30 is moved from the vibrating loading tray 11 to the loading station 13 through the loading channel 12, and enters the pipe bending loading and unloading device from the loading station 13. The loading and unloading module 200 of the pipe bending loading and unloading device rotates and swings to move to the unloading station 21 of the pipe bending unit 20.
[0040] See also Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4The bending pipe loading and unloading device includes a bracket 100, a loading and unloading module 200, a first cylinder 300 and a sealing plate 400. The loading and unloading module 200 is rotatably connected to the bracket 100, and the loading and unloading module 200 is provided with a material receiving port 211 and a material storage chamber 231 connected to the material receiving port 211. Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown in the figure; the cylinder body of the first cylinder 300 is hinged to the bracket 100, and the telescopic rod of the first cylinder 300 is hinged to the loading and unloading module 200 to drive the loading and unloading module 200 to rotate relative to the bracket 100, and the material receiving port 211 moves between the loading station 13 and the unloading station 21; the sealing plate 400 is fixed to the loading and unloading module 200, is arc-shaped, and is arranged along the moving path of the material receiving port 211.
[0041] See also Figure 3 and Figure 5 , multiple short straight tubes are arranged in a spiral on the vibrating loading tray 11, and the short straight tubes on the vibrating loading tray 11 continuously vibrate and move toward the loading station 13, and the end of the first short straight tube moves to the outlet of the loading channel 12. At this time, the telescopic rod of the first cylinder 300 is in a retracted state, and the loading and unloading module 200 is in a loading position. The receiving port 211 is connected with the loading channel 12 of the vibrating loading tray 11 at the loading station 13. Under the action of the vibrating loading tray 11, the first short straight tube passes through the loading channel 12 through the receiving port 211 and enters the storage chamber 231 inside the loading and unloading module 200, and the telescopic rod of the second cylinder 222 is also in a retracted state, and the lever arm 221 is in a Figure 5 The leftmost position of the first short straight tube can limit the end of the first short straight tube. After the first short straight tube enters the storage chamber 231, the short straight tube on the vibrating loading tray 11 only vibrates under the blocking of the lever arm 221, and no longer moves toward the loading station 13, that is, the loading of the first short straight tube is completed. Figure 4 , the telescopic rod of the first cylinder 300 extends to push the loading and unloading module 200 to rotate relative to the bracket 100 and swing to the unloading station 21. During this process, the sealing plate 400 rotates with the loading and unloading module 200 to block the outlet of the loading channel 12 and limit the end of the second short straight pipe to prevent leakage of the loading channel 12. The material receiving port 211 is connected to the material receiving column 22 of the bending unit 20, and the telescopic rod of the second cylinder 222 is extended, and the lever arm 221 swings to Figure 6 On the far right side, the first short straight tube is sleeved on the material receiving column 22, and the first short straight tube is unloaded.
[0042] The telescopic rod of the first cylinder 300 is immediately withdrawn, driving the loading and unloading module 200 back to the loading position, and the receiving port 211 is docked with the loading channel 12 of the vibrating loading tray 11 at the loading station 13 again, and the telescopic rod of the second cylinder 222 is withdrawn at the same time. Under the action of the vibrating loading tray 11, the second short straight tube passes through the loading channel 12 through the receiving port 211 and enters the storage chamber 231 inside the loading and unloading module 200. Figure 5 The leftmost position of the second short straight tube can limit the end of the second short straight tube to ensure that only one short straight tube enters the storage chamber 231. At this time, the short straight tube on the vibrating loading tray 11 only vibrates and no longer moves toward the loading station 13. After waiting for the downstream bending unit 20 to complete the bending of the first short straight tube, the telescopic rod of the first cylinder 300 extends to push the loading and unloading module 200 to rotate relative to the bracket 100 and swing to the unloading station 21. The telescopic rod of the second cylinder 222 extends, and the lever arm 221 swings to Figure 6 On the far right side, the second short straight tube is sleeved on the material receiving column 22 to complete the unloading of the second short straight tube.
[0043] It should be noted that, since the length of the short straight tube and the transmission speed of the vibrating loading plate 11 are certain, the time for a short straight tube to completely enter the storage chamber 231 is also determined. In actual working conditions, the bending process of the downstream bending unit 20 after receiving the short straight tube requires a relatively long time, which is usually much longer than the loading time of a short straight tube, that is, when the bending process of the first short straight tube of the bending unit 20 is completed, the second short straight tube has completely entered the storage chamber 231. Therefore, when the first cylinder 300 pushes the loading and unloading module 200 to move it from the loading station 13 to the unloading station 21 is determined by when the bending process is completed and re-loading is required. With this arrangement, the loading speed can better adapt to the beat of the bending unit 20.
[0044] The above-mentioned bent pipe loading and unloading device is provided with a loading and unloading module 200, and the pipe material 30 is moved from the loading station 13 to the unloading station 21 through the swing of the loading and unloading module 200, and a sealing plate 400 is provided on the loading and unloading module 200. By setting the sealing plate 400 along the moving path of the material receiving port 211, during the movement of the material receiving port 211, the sealing plate 400 can always block the outlet of the loading channel 12, thereby avoiding material leakage, thereby realizing continuous loading and unloading, and further improving the processing efficiency of the device.
[0045] See also Figure 5-Figure 7In one embodiment, the loading and unloading module 200 includes a housing 210 hinged with the telescopic rod, a material shifting assembly 220 disposed inside the housing 210, a material receiving port 211 opened in the housing 210, and a sleeve 230 disposed inside the housing 210; a material storage cavity 231 is formed inside the sleeve 230, and a material shifting gap 232 is opened along the length direction, and a guide groove 233 is opened along the length direction on both sides of the inner wall of the sleeve 230;
[0046] The material shifting assembly 220 includes a driving device rotatably connected to the shell 210, a shifting rod 223 connected to the driving device, and a shifting arm 221 arranged on the shifting rod 223. The shifting rod 223 is rotatably connected to the shell 210 to drive the shifting arm 221 to rotate relative to the shell 210 so that the end of the shifting arm 221 moves along the material shifting gap 232 and shifts the material.
[0047] like Fig.11 and Fig.12 As shown, a cylindrical protrusion 2211 is provided on each side surface of the lever arm 221. When the end of the lever arm 221 moves along the material shifting gap 232, the cylindrical protrusion 2211 cooperates with the guide groove 233 and slides inside. Preferably, in another embodiment, in order to reduce friction, the cylindrical protrusion 2211 can also be set as a roller (not shown in the figure) fixed on the side surface of the lever arm 221 to convert sliding friction into rolling friction.
[0048] like Figure 7 , Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, in one embodiment, the driving device includes a second cylinder 222 rotatably connected to the housing 210, and the telescopic rod output end 2221 of the second cylinder 222 is rotatably connected to the lever 223. For specific settings, see Fig. 9 The housing 210 includes a housing body 213 and a rear cover 214 fixed to the housing body 213. In order to clearly show the connection relationship between the second cylinder 222 and the housing 210, Fig.10 The rear cover 214 is hidden in the figure, showing the internal structure of the shell 210 . The shell body 213 is rotatably connected to the connecting bracket 2132 via a rotating connecting piece 2131 , and the cylinder body of the second cylinder 222 is fixedly connected to the connecting bracket 2132 .
[0049] In one embodiment, the lever 223 defines a sliding groove 2231 along the length direction, and the lever arm 221 is slidably disposed inside the sliding groove 2231 .
[0050] See also Figure 5-Figure 8A material shifting assembly 220 is provided inside the loading and unloading module 200 of the above-mentioned bent pipe loading and unloading device. When the material receiving port 211 is at the loading station 13, the material receiving port 211 is docked with the outlet of the loading channel 12. Under the action of the vibrating loading plate 11, the pipe material 30 is continuously sent from the loading channel 12 to the loading station 13 and enters the storage chamber 231. The telescopic rod of the first cylinder 300 is extended from the retracted state and pushes the loading and unloading module 200 to rotate relative to the bracket 100 and swing to the unloading station 21. During this process, the sealing plate 400 rotates with the loading and unloading module 200 to block the outlet of the loading channel 12. The second cylinder 222 inside the loading and unloading module 200 extends from the retracted state, driving the lever 223 to rotate, and the cylindrical protrusion 2211 of the lever arm 221 cooperates with the guide groove 233 of the sleeve 230 and slides from left to right inside. The lever arm 221 extends into the material shifting gap 232, and the end of the lever arm 221 pushes the pipe material 30 to move. The pipe material 30 is pushed out from the receiving port 211 and is sleeved on the receiving column 22. Before the next material receiving, the telescopic rod of the first cylinder 300 switches from the extended state to the retracted state, and the loading and unloading module 200 rotates relative to the bracket 100 and swings to the loading station 13. At the same time, the telescopic rod of the second cylinder 222 retracts to drive the lever 223 to rotate, and the cylindrical protrusion 2211 of the lever arm 221 cooperates with the guide groove 233 of the sleeve 230 and slides from right to left inside, pushing the lever arm 221 to move up and retract relative to the lever 223 inside the groove 2231 until Figure 8 The telescopic rod of the second cylinder 222 continues to withdraw, the cylindrical protrusion 2211 of the lever arm 221 cooperates with the guide groove 233 of the sleeve 230 and continues to slide from right to left inside, and the lever arm 221 falls inside the groove 2231 until it returns to the position. Figure 5 The initial state.
[0051] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4 In one embodiment, the bracket 100 includes a bottom plate 110 , a vertical plate 120 fixed to one side of the bottom plate 110 , and a top plate 130 fixed to a side of the vertical plate 120 away from the bottom plate 110 .
[0052] See also Figure 3 and Figure 4 In one embodiment, vertical ribs 140 are disposed between the bottom plate 110 and the top plate 130 , and such an arrangement can improve the stability of the device.
[0053] In one embodiment, a cylinder connecting plate 131 is disposed on the top plate 130 , and the cylinder connecting plate 131 is hinged to the cylinder body of the first cylinder 300 .
[0054] See also Figure 3In one embodiment, the top plate 130 is provided with a through hole 132, and the through hole 132 is used to provide a passage for the sealing plate 400 to move. When the telescopic rod of the first cylinder 300 is in a retracted state, the sealing plate 400 passes through the through hole 132.
[0055] In one embodiment, a shaft seat 133 is fixed to the top plate 130 , and the shaft seat 133 is connected to the housing 210 via a rotating shaft 134 .
[0056] In one embodiment, a material pushing opening 212 is formed on the housing 210 at the opposite side of the material receiving opening 211 .
[0057] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.
[0058] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present utility model, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.
[0059] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0060] In the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.
[0061] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be a central element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be a central element at the same time. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be the only implementation method.
Claims
1. A device for loading and unloading bent pipes, characterized in that: include Bracket; A loading and unloading module is rotatably connected to the bracket, and the loading and unloading module is provided with a material receiving port and a material storage cavity communicated with the material receiving port; A first cylinder, wherein a cylinder body of the first cylinder is hinged to the bracket, and a telescopic rod of the first cylinder is hinged to the loading and unloading module to drive the loading and unloading module to rotate relative to the bracket, and a material receiving port moves between a loading station and an unloading station; The sealing plate is fixed to the loading and unloading modules, is arc-shaped, and is arranged along the moving path of the receiving port.
2. A device for loading and unloading bent pipes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loading and unloading module includes a shell hinged to the telescopic rod, a material shifting assembly arranged inside the shell, a material receiving port opened in the shell, and a sleeve arranged inside the shell; The material storage cavity is formed inside the sleeve, and a material shifting gap is opened along the length direction; The material shifting assembly includes a driving device rotatably connected to the shell, a shifting rod connected to the driving device, and a shifting arm arranged on the shifting rod. The shifting rod is rotatably connected to the shell so that the end of the shifting arm moves along the material shifting gap and shifts the material.
3. A bending pipe loading and unloading device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The driving device comprises a second cylinder rotatably connected to the housing, and an output end of a telescopic rod of the second cylinder is rotatably connected to the shifting rod.
4. A bending pipe loading and unloading device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The lever is provided with a slide groove along the length direction, and the lever arm is slidably arranged inside the slide groove.
5. A bending pipe loading and unloading device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The bracket comprises a bottom plate, a vertical plate fixed to one side of the bottom plate, and a top plate fixed to a side of the vertical plate away from the bottom plate.
6. A bending pipe loading and unloading device according to claim 5, characterized in that: Vertical ribs are arranged between the bottom plate and the top plate.
7. The device for loading and unloading bent pipes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top plate is provided with a cylinder connecting plate, and the cylinder connecting plate is hinged to the cylinder body of the first cylinder.
8. The device for loading and unloading bent pipes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top plate is provided with a through hole, and the through hole is used to provide a channel for the sealing plate to move.
9. The device for loading and unloading bent pipes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top plate is fixed with a shaft seat, and the shaft seat is connected to the shell through a rotating shaft.
10. A bending pipe loading and unloading device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The shell body is provided with a material pushing opening, and the material pushing opening is arranged on the opposite side of the material receiving opening.