High and cold desertification grassland soil forage grass planting system
By adopting a forage planting system on high-altitude desertified grasslands, and using the combination of manure layer, charcoal and soil mixture layer and straw crushed layer, the technical problems of soil improvement and wind prevention and sand fixation in desertified grasslands in high-altitude areas are solved, and the effect of soil structure improvement and ecological restoration is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421848940.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-01
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-10
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-01
AI Technical Summary
The existing technology has defects in soil improvement and wind-proof and sand-fixing in desertified grasslands in high-altitude areas, especially in water and fertilizer maintenance and wind-proof and sand-fixing improvement in sand-proof and sand-fixing in desertified soils under freezing and thawing conditions.
A soil forage planting system for high-cold desertified grasslands is adopted. The system includes a manure layer, a seeding layer, a charcoal soil mixture layer, a thin soil layer and a broken straw layer from top to bottom from the surface. The soil structure and physical and chemical properties are improved through the use of biochar and straw.
It significantly improves the water retention and fertilizer retention of the soil, promotes plant growth, extends fertilizer efficiency, reduces soil bulk weight, enhances the breathable and water permeability of the soil, cooperates to prevent wind and sand, and achieves rapid ecological recovery of sandy grasslands.
Smart Images
Figure CN222954550U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of desertified soil improvement, and relates to a method for improving the soil of desertified grasslands in northwest Sichuan and rapidly restoring grasslands, specifically to a forage planting system for alpine desertified grassland soil. Background Technique
[0002] Northwest Sichuan is located at the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the source of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, and an important ecological barrier for the two major river basins of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. Under the combined effects of global climate change, overgrazing of grasslands, and intensified human activities, the alpine grasslands in northwest Sichuan have degenerated severely and the grasslands have been damaged severely. In the northwest Sichuan region, spring and autumn are short throughout the year, winter is long without summer, the dry and rainy seasons are distinct, and the annual average temperature is 0 - 6°C. In recent years, with global climate change, the extreme maximum temperature has reached 30°C, generally occurring from June to August, and the extreme minimum temperature has reached -31°C, generally occurring from January to February. The alpine plateau region in northwest Sichuan belongs to a typical area with fragile ecological environment.
[0003] Livestock manure and crop straw are important agricultural and forestry wastes in northwest Sichuan, China. Comprehensive utilization of them can not only reduce environmental pollution but also be an important way to improve the ecological environment of desertified land. Biochar is a porous environmental protection functional material rich in carbon content obtained by high-temperature pyrolysis of biomass raw materials such as wood, straw, rice husk, or other agricultural and forestry wastes. Biochar itself has unique structures and physical and chemical properties, with high stability. Biochar can effectively supplement stable soil organic carbon in desertified soil, improve the aggregation ability of soil particles, enhance water retention, and synergistically fix carbon and prevent sand.
[0004] At present, in northwest Sichuan, comprehensive applications of ecological and engineering measures have been taken for mobile, semi-fixed, fixed, and exposed sandy lands, and a series of sand control and desertification control technologies have been developed, such as setting up sand walls, planting shrubs and grass, fencing for enclosure, and using cattle and sheep manure to fix sand, providing effective technical support for desertification control in northwest Sichuan. However, permafrost exists all year round or seasonally in alpine regions, and there are still relatively large deficiencies in the existing soil improvement-related technologies and methods in terms of water and fertilizer retention under freeze-thaw conditions and sand-fixing and desertification improvement technologies for desertified soil in alpine regions. Content of the Utility Model
[0005] Aiming at the deficiencies in the improvement of desertified grassland soil and sand fixation in northwest Sichuan region in the prior art, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a forage planting system for alpine desertified grassland soil. In view of the unique climate and environmental characteristics of the northwest Sichuan region, necessary designs such as biology and engineering are adopted for the treatment of desertified grasslands to promote the rapid ecological restoration of desertified grasslands.
[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present utility model is: a forage grass planting system for alpine desertified grassland soil. In the forage grass sowing area of the desertified grassland, from the ground surface downwards in sequence, it includes a manure layer, a sowing layer, a biochar-soil mixed layer, a thin soil layer and a crushed straw layer. Forage grass is planted in the sowing layer; the thickness of the manure layer is 1-2 cm; the thickness of the sowing layer is 5-7 cm; the thickness of the biochar-soil mixed layer is 20-25 cm, the thickness of the thin soil layer is 2-5 cm, and the thickness of the crushed straw layer is 3-7 cm.
[0007] For the above forage grass planting system for alpine desertified grassland soil, the row spacing of the forage grass sowing rows can be adjusted according to the conventional planting specifications in the art. In the present utility model, the row spacing is preferably 20-30 cm.
[0008] For the above forage grass planting system for alpine desertified grassland soil, the manure layer is mainly used for soil fertilization to provide nutrients for plant growth. On the basis of meeting this function, the present utility model does not have special restrictions on the specific filling materials of the manure layer. In the present utility model, the filling material of the manure layer is dry animal manure, further dry cow dung, and preferably its particle size ≤ 20 mm. The basis for the treatment of desertified grassland is the restoration of soil productivity and ecological functions. Among them, the normal growth of plants is crucial for its restoration, but at the same time it also depends on the soil fertilization ability. Cow dung has a significant fertilization effect and a short action time. In the long run, biochar and straw returning to the field have a good fertilization effect.
[0009] For the above forage grass planting system for alpine desertified grassland soil, the addition of biochar can improve the physical properties of the soil, such as improving the aggregate stability of the soil, increasing the soil porosity, improving the soil porosity, etc. In addition, biochar can also improve the water retention and fertilizer retention properties of the soil and promote plant growth. The biochar-soil mixed layer is a mixed layer of biochar and soil, and the filling material is a biochar-soil mixture composed of biochar and soil. The biochar-soil mixed layer mainly plays the role of fertilization and improving the soil structure. The present utility model does not have special restrictions on the specific mixing ratio of biochar and soil in the biochar-soil mixed layer, and it can be adjusted according to the conventional biochar addition ratio in the art. In the present utility model, straw biochar is evenly mixed with desertified soil according to a mass ratio of 3%. Preferably, the particle size of the biochar ≤ 2 mm. Further, the biochar is preferably straw biochar, that is, biochar made from straw. After straw is made into biochar, it has characteristics such as a large specific surface area and rich pores.
[0010] For the above forage grass planting system for alpine desertified grassland soil, the crushed straw layer can play the roles of water retention, long-term fertilization and improving the soil structure. The filling material of the crushed straw layer is crushed straw, and preferably, the particle size of the crushed straw ≤ 20 mm.
[0011] The alpine desertified grassland soil forage planting system provided by the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
[0012] 1. The utility model uses straw and cow dung as raw materials to construct a manure layer, a sowing layer, a charcoal-soil mixed layer, a thin soil layer and a chopped straw layer. The chopped straw layer can retain water, cultivate fertilizer for a long time and improve soil structure. After the straw is made into biochar, it has the characteristics of large specific surface area and rich pores. Cow and sheep dung directly provides nutrients. After being mixed and applied to the soil, the straw biochar can significantly reduce the leaching of fertilizers, prolong the fertilizer effect and improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizers. At the same time, it can reduce the bulk density of the soil and enhance the air permeability and water permeability of the soil.
[0013] 2. Mix biochar into desertified soil. Biochar itself has the characteristics of light absorption and warming, which solves the problems of difficulty in germination and slow growth in early spring in alpine grasslands due to low temperatures.
[0014] 3. Straw and cattle and sheep dung are the main agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry wastes in northwest Sichuan. Effective disposal of them as resources can not only improve soil structure and physical and chemical properties, increase soil fertility, but also help prevent wind and sand, thus achieving rational utilization of resources and sustainable development. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Figure 1 The utility model relates to a forage planting system for alpine desertified grassland soil.
[0016] Explanation of the accompanying numbers: 1. Manure layer; 2. Seeding layer; 3. Charcoal-soil mixed layer; 4. Thin soil layer; 5. Chopped straw layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] The technical solutions of the various embodiments of the utility model are clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the utility model.
[0018] Example 1
[0019] In this embodiment, the animal manure filled in the manure layer 1 is prepared by the following method: collecting cow manure from farmers, naturally air-drying the cow manure, crushing it to a particle size of ≤20 mm, and storing it for later use;
[0020] The shredded straw filled in the shredded straw layer 5 and the biochar filled in the biochar-soil mixed layer 3 are prepared by the following method: The corn straw is air-dried and crushed to less than 10 mm to obtain shredded straw. A part of the shredded straw is pyrolyzed at a high temperature of 300 °C for 5 hours to obtain straw biochar. The biochar is cooled, ground, and sieved so that the particle size of the biochar ≤ 2 mm, and the carbon content of the obtained biochar reaches 52.4%; the other part of the shredded straw is air-dried and reserved for later use.
[0021] In the biochar-soil mixed layer 3, the biochar-soil mixture is prepared by the following method: The straw biochar and the desertified soil are uniformly mixed at a mass ratio of 3% to obtain the biochar-soil mixture;
[0022] As Figure 1 shown, the alpine desertified grassland soil forage planting system provided by this embodiment, in the forage sowing area of the desertified grassland, from the surface to the bottom in sequence includes a manure layer 1, a sowing layer 2, a biochar-soil mixed layer 3, a thin soil layer 4, and a shredded straw layer 5. Forage is planted in the sowing layer 2; the thickness of the manure layer 1 is 2 cm; the thickness of the sowing layer 2 is 5 cm; the thickness of the biochar-soil mixed layer 3 is 20 cm, the thickness of the thin soil layer 4 is 2 cm, and the thickness of the shredded straw layer 5 is 3 cm. The row spacing of the forage sowing rows is 20 - 30 cm.
[0023] The specific formation method steps of the alpine desertified grassland soil forage planting system provided by this embodiment are as follows:
[0024] (1) When the spring frozen soil thaws (April), deeply plow the desertified grassland soil, and the plowing depth is 30 cm to form a soil pit, and pile up the plowed soil on one side
[0025] (2) Shredded straw layer 5: Spread a layer of shredded straw in the soil pit, the thickness of the shredded straw layer 5 is 3 cm, water the straw layer until it is completely wet; spread a layer of the dug sand soil on the wet straw, and spread a thin soil layer 4 with a thickness of about 2 cm;
[0026] (3) Biochar-soil mixed layer 3: Uniformly mix the straw biochar and the desertified soil at a mass ratio of 3%, and spread the biochar-soil mixture on the thin soil layer 4. The biochar-soil mixed layer 3 is about 20 cm thick, and this layer mainly plays the role of fertilizing and improving the soil structure;
[0027] (4) Sowing layer 2: Lay a thin soil layer 4 with a thickness of about 5 cm on the biochar-soil mixed layer 3, which is mainly to provide a suitable sowing layer 2 for the seeds. Select the ryegrass suitable for growing in the northwest region of Sichuan, and apply the ryegrass seeds in the 5 cm thick thin soil layer 4. The forage is above the biochar-soil mixed layer 3;
[0028] (5) Manure layer 1: Finally, spread 2 cm thick cow dung on the top layer after sowing grass seeds, and make sure no sand surface is exposed during the spreading process; the water content and nutrient content of the rhizosphere soil increase, which has an obvious promoting effect on the growth of forage grass.
[0029] (6) Sow forage grass with a spacing of 20 - 30 cm between each row, and the arrangement direction is the expansion direction of the desertified grassland, perpendicular to the dominant wind direction; to reduce the fluidity activity of the sand surface on the windward slope.
[0030] Example 2
[0031] In this example, the animal manure filled in the manure layer 1 is prepared by the following method: Collect cow dung from local farmers, air-dry the cow dung naturally, crush it to a particle size ≤ 20 mm, and store it for later use;
[0032] The crushed straw filled in the crushed straw layer 5 and the biochar filled in the biochar - soil mixed layer 3 are prepared by the following method: Air - dry and crush corn or wheat straw to less than 20 mm, obtain the crushed straw, pyrolyze a part of the crushed straw at 700 °C for 3 hours to obtain straw biochar, cool, grind and sieve the biochar so that the particle size of the biochar ≤ 2 mm, and the carbon content of the obtained biochar reaches 54.4%; air - dry and store the other part of the crushed straw for later use.
[0033] In the biochar - soil mixed layer 3, the biochar - soil mixture is prepared by the following method: Uniformly mix the straw biochar and desertified soil in a mass ratio of 5% to obtain the biochar - soil mixture;
[0034] The alpine desertified grassland soil forage grass planting system provided in this example, in the forage grass sowing area of the desertified grassland, from the ground surface downwards in sequence includes a manure layer 1, a sowing layer 2, a biochar - soil mixed layer 3, a thin soil layer 4 and a crushed straw layer 5, and forage grass is planted in the sowing layer 2; the thickness of the manure layer 1 is 2 cm; the thickness of the sowing layer 2 is 5 cm; the thickness of the biochar - soil mixed layer 3 is 25 cm, the thickness of the thin soil layer 4 is 3 cm, and the thickness of the crushed straw layer 5 is 7 cm. The row spacing of the forage grass sowing is 20 - 30 cm.
[0035] The specific formation method steps of the alpine desertified grassland soil forage grass planting system provided in this example are as follows:
[0036] (1) In spring (March) after the frozen soil thaws, deeply plow the desertified grassland soil, with a plowing depth of 40 cm, form a soil pit, and pile up the plowed soil on one side;
[0037] (2) Crushed straw layer 5: Spread a layer of crushed straw in the soil pit, with the thickness of the crushed straw layer 5 being 7 cm, water the straw layer until it is completely wet; spread a layer of the dug - out sandy soil on the wet straw, and the spreading thickness is about 3 cm of the thin soil layer 4;
[0038] (3) Carbon-soil mixed layer 3: The straw biochar and the desertified soil are evenly mixed at a mass ratio of 5%, and the carbon-soil mixture is spread on the thin soil layer 4. The carbon-soil mixed layer 3 is about 25 cm thick, which mainly plays the role of fertilizing and improving the soil structure;
[0039] (4) Sowing layer 2: A thin soil layer 4 with a thickness of about 5 cm is laid on the carbon-soil mixed layer 3, which is mainly to provide a suitable sowing layer 2 for the seeds. Elymus nutans, a grass species suitable for growing in the northwest region of Sichuan, is selected, and the Elymus nutans seeds are applied in the 5-cm-thick thin soil layer 4 to form forage grass above the carbon-soil mixed layer 3.
[0040] (5) Manure layer 1: Finally, 2 cm thick cow dung is spread on the topmost layer after sowing the grass seeds, and no sand surface should be exposed during the spreading process; it increases the soil moisture and nutrients in the root layer of the forage grass, improves the survival rate of the forage grass, reduces the waste of forage grass seeds, and promotes the growth of the forage grass.
[0041] (6) The spacing between each row of forage grass sowing is 20 - 30 cm, and the arrangement direction is the expansion direction of the desertified grassland, perpendicular to the dominant wind direction; to reduce the fluidity activity of the sand surface on the windward slope.
[0042] Example 3
[0043] In this example, the fillers in the manure layer 1, the crushed straw layer 5, and the carbon-soil mixed layer 3 are exactly the same as those in Example 1.
[0044] The alpine desertified grassland soil forage grass planting system provided in this example, in the forage grass sowing area of the desertified grassland, from the ground surface downwards in sequence includes a manure layer 1, a sowing layer 2, a carbon-soil mixed layer 3, a thin soil layer 4, and a crushed straw layer 5, and forage grass is planted in the sowing layer 2; the thickness of the manure layer 1 is 1 cm; the thickness of the sowing layer 2 is 7 cm; the thickness of the carbon-soil mixed layer 3 is 20 cm, the thickness of the thin soil layer 4 is 5 cm, and the thickness of the crushed straw layer 5 is 5 cm. The row spacing of the forage grass sowing is 20 - 30 cm.
[0045] Those of ordinary skill in the art will realize that the examples described here are to help readers understand the principles of the present utility model, and it should be understood that the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited to such specific statements and examples. Those of ordinary skill in the art can make various other specific deformations and combinations that do not deviate from the essence of the present utility model according to these technical revelations disclosed in the present utility model, and these deformations and combinations are still within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A forage planting system for alpine desertified grassland soil, characterized by: In a forage sowing area of a desertified grassland, the forage sowing area comprises, from the surface of the ground, a manure layer (1), a sowing layer (2), a charcoal-soil mixed layer (3), a thin soil layer (4) and a chopped straw layer (5), wherein forage is planted in the sowing layer (2); the thickness of the manure layer (1) is 1 to 2 cm; the thickness of the sowing layer (2) is 5 to 7 cm; the thickness of the charcoal-soil mixed layer (3) is 20 to 25 cm; the thickness of the thin soil layer (4) is 2 to 5 cm; and the thickness of the chopped straw layer (5) is 3 to 7 cm.
2. The alpine desertified grassland soil forage planting system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The row spacing of forage sowing rows is 20 to 30 cm.
3. The alpine desertified grassland soil forage planting system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The material filled in the manure layer (1) is dry cow dung, and the particle size thereof is ≤20 mm.
4. The alpine desertified grassland soil forage planting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material filled in the chopped straw layer (5) is chopped straw, and the particle size thereof is ≤20 mm.