Energy absorption protection structure and roadway pressure relief and energy absorption protection system

Abstract

The utility model provides an energy absorption protection structure and a roadway pressure relief and energy absorption protection system, which are used for solving the problem that a roadway support system in the prior art is easy to lose stability when being impacted. Comprising a first protection layer, a second protection layer and an energy absorption layer, the energy absorption layer is arranged between the first protection layer and the second protection layer, and contact parts used for increasing the contact area with the energy absorption layer are arranged on the side faces, making contact with the energy absorption layer, of the first protection layer and the second protection layer; the first protective layer and the second protective layer are arranged, the energy absorption layer is arranged between the two protective layers and used for absorbing shock waves borne by the first protective layer and the second protective layer, and the contact parts used for increasing the contact area are arranged on the side faces, making contact with the energy absorption layer, of the first protective layer and the second protective layer. Therefore, the impact on the first protection layer and the second protection layer can be transmitted to the energy absorption layer, the stability of the supporting structure of the roadway is further ensured, and the situation of roadway collapse is completely eradicated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of roadway protection, and particularly relates to an energy-absorbing protection structure and a roadway pressure-relief and energy-absorbing protection system. Background Art

[0002] In the process of coal mining and other mineral extractions, it is necessary to excavate roadways in the mountain body to extract minerals such as coal in the mountain body. However, during the process of excavating the roadway, the original stress state of the mountain rock will be damaged, that is, surrounding rock is formed. Therefore, when setting the support structure of the roadway, it is necessary not only to limit the deformation and damage of the surrounding rock, but also to weaken the energy accumulation in the surrounding rock and absorb the energy release.

[0003] In the prior art, usually bolts are filled into the surrounding rock at the top and sides of the roadway. The bolts have a supporting effect on the surrounding rock to resist the deformation of the surrounding rock and relieve the energy accumulation inside the surrounding rock. In addition, multiple support columns are also arranged in the roadway to reduce the deformation amount of the surrounding rock.

[0004] However, in the actual process of mineral extraction, the minerals in the mountain body are usually blasted. During the blasting process, on the one hand, the formed shock wave will impact the support columns and bolts, resulting in a reduction in the supporting effect of the support columns and bolts on the surrounding rock. On the other hand, it will impact the surrounding rock, making the surrounding rock looser and increasing the deformation amount of the surrounding rock. Furthermore, it will cause the support structure (bolts and support columns) in the roadway to become unstable, and in severe cases, it will even cause the roadway to collapse. Summary of the Utility Model

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, the purpose of the present utility model is to provide an energy-absorbing protection structure and a roadway pressure-relief and energy-absorbing protection system, which are used to solve the problem that the support system of the roadway in the prior art is prone to instability under impact.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose and other related purposes, the present utility model provides an energy-absorbing protection structure, which includes: a first protection layer, a second protection layer and an energy-absorbing layer; the energy-absorbing layer is arranged between the first protection layer and the second protection layer; on the side surfaces of the first protection layer and the second protection layer in contact with the energy-absorbing layer, there are contact parts for increasing the contact area with the energy-absorbing layer.

[0007] Optionally, the contact part is a plurality of tooth-shaped structures arranged on the side surfaces of the first protection layer and the second protection layer in contact with the energy-absorbing layer.

[0008] Optionally, the contact part on the first protection layer is a first groove; the contact part on the second protection layer is a protrusion;

[0009] Optionally, the inner diameter of the first groove on the first protection layer is larger than the diameter of the protrusion on the second protection layer.

[0010] Optionally, the first protective layer is provided with a second groove for accommodating the second protective layer and the energy absorption layer; a first through hole for communicating with the second groove is further provided on the side wall of the first protective layer, and the first through hole is used for pouring the energy absorption layer into the second groove.

[0011] Optionally, the first protective layer and the second protective layer are made of ultra-high performance concrete.

[0012] Optionally, the energy absorption layer is made of a shear thickening fluid.

[0013] On the other hand, a roadway pressure relief and energy absorption protection system is further provided, including a roadway, anchor bolts, and the above-mentioned energy absorption protection structure; the energy absorption protection structure forms the side wall of the roadway; the anchor bolts are arranged in the surrounding rock of the roadway and are used to support the surrounding rock.

[0014] Optionally, the roadway pressure relief and energy absorption protection system further includes a plurality of cavities arranged in the surrounding rock of the roadway. The plurality of cavities are arranged at intervals in an arc shape on the circumference of the roadway; a thin film is arranged in the cavity, and a shear thickening fluid for energy absorption is arranged in the thin film; a second through hole for connecting with the cavity is further arranged in the surrounding rock of the roadway, and the second through hole can be used to pour the thin film and the shear thickening fluid into the cavity.

[0015] Optionally, a tubular structure is arranged in the second through hole, and the tubular structure communicates with the cavity.

[0016] As described above, the energy absorption protection structure and the roadway pressure relief and energy absorption protection system of the present utility model at least have the following beneficial effects: by providing the first protective layer and the second protective layer, and arranging an energy absorption layer between the two protective layers to absorb the shock waves received by the first protective layer and the second protective layer, and arranging a contact part on the side surfaces of the first protective layer and the second protective layer in contact with the energy absorption layer to increase the contact area, so as to ensure that the impacts received by the first protective layer and the second protective layer can be transmitted to the energy absorption layer, thereby ensuring the stability of the support structure of the roadway and preventing the occurrence of roadway collapse. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It shows an exploded schematic view of an energy absorption protection structure of the present utility model.

[0018] Figure 2 It shows a schematic structural view of an energy absorption protection structure of the present utility model.

[0019] Figure 3 It shows a sectional schematic view of an energy absorption protection structure of the present utility model.

[0020] Figure 4 It shows a schematic structural view of a roadway pressure relief and energy absorption protection system of the present utility model.

[0021] Description of component labels: 1. First protective layer, 11. First through-hole, 12. Second groove, 2. Second protective layer, 3. Energy-absorbing layer, 4. Contact part, 5. Roadway, 6. Bolt, 7. Cavity, 8. Second through-hole, 9. Shear thickening fluid. Detailed implementation manners

[0022] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation manners of the present utility model. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present utility model from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0023] Please refer to all the following drawings. It should be noted that the structures, ratios, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings of this specification are only used to cooperate with the content disclosed in the specification for those skilled in the art to understand and read, and are not used to limit the limiting conditions under which the present utility model can be implemented. Therefore, they do not have any technical essence. Any modification of the structure, change of the ratio relationship or adjustment of the size, without affecting the effects that the present utility model can produce and the purposes that can be achieved, should still fall within the scope covered by the technical content disclosed in the present utility model. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" cited in this specification are only for the convenience of clear narration, and are not used to limit the scope under which the present utility model can be implemented. The change or adjustment of their relative relationships, without substantial change in the technical content, should also be regarded as the scope under which the present utility model can be implemented.

[0024] The following embodiments are only for illustration. Combinations can be made between the various embodiments, and it is not limited to the content shown in the following single embodiment.

[0025] Please refer to Figures 1-3, the present utility model provides an energy-absorbing protection structure, including a first protection layer 1, a second protection layer 2, and an energy-absorbing layer 3; the energy-absorbing layer 3 is disposed between the first protection layer 1 and the second protection layer 2; on the side surfaces of the first protection layer 1 and the second protection layer 2 that are in contact with the energy-absorbing layer 3, there are contact portions 4 for increasing the contact area with the energy-absorbing layer 3. The shapes of the first protection layer 1 and the second protection layer 2 can be plate-like structures, and the energy-absorbing layer 3 is disposed between the two layers. Of course, it can also be arc-shaped or other shapes, and this embodiment does not limit this. For the convenience of description, in this embodiment, the energy-absorbing protection structure is used as the side wall of the roadway 5, that is, the first protection layer 1 can be the inner side wall of the roadway 5, and the second protection layer 2 is used as the outer side wall of the roadway 5 in contact with the surrounding rock. By arranging the energy-absorbing layer 3 in the two protection layers, when blasting the minerals in the mountain body, the circumferential shock wave received inside the inner wall of the roadway 5 is first transmitted to the first protection layer 1 or the second protection layer 2, and then transmitted to the energy-absorbing layer 3 for absorption; in addition, since on the side surfaces of the first protection layer 1 and the second protection layer 2 that are in contact with the energy-absorbing layer 3, there are contact portions 4 for increasing the contact surface with the energy-absorbing layer 3, when the inner wall of the roadway 5 is subjected to an axial shock wave, the first protection layer 1 and the second protection layer 2 use the contact portions 4 to transmit the shock wave into the energy-absorbing layer 3, so that the energy-absorbing layer 3 absorbs the energy of the shock wave, thereby ensuring the stability of the support structure of the roadway 5 and preventing the occurrence of the collapse of the roadway 5.

[0026] The contact portion 4 can be a rough portion disposed on the side surfaces of the first protection layer 1 and the second protection layer 2 that are in contact with the energy-absorbing layer 3, that is, generating a structure surface similar to a rough undulating unfilled structure surface. In the case of a relatively small normal stress, the rock block on the upper plate of the structure surface will produce a climbing effect to ensure full contact between the first protection layer and the second protection layer and the energy-absorbing layer 2.

[0027] The contact portion 4 is a plurality of tooth-like structures disposed on the side surfaces of the first protection layer 1 and the second protection layer 2 that are in contact with the energy-absorbing layer 3. Specifically, the plurality of tooth-like structures are spaced apart on the first protection layer 1 and the second protection layer 2, and the tooth-like structures form a dilation angle similar to the rough undulating unfilled structure surface in the rock mass on the first protection layer and the second protection layer. The dilation angle is the angle between the line connecting the upper convex point and the adjacent lower concave point in the tooth-like structure and the reference plane of the protection layer.

[0028] In one implementation, a single tooth-like structure can extend the entire length or width of the first protection layer 1 or the second protection layer 2 to facilitate the manufacture of the first protection layer 1 or the second protection layer 2. The extending direction of a single tooth-like structure is not parallel to the extending direction of the roadway 5, so that when the side wall of the roadway 5 is subjected to an axial shock wave, the first protection layer 1 and the second protection layer 2 can use the tooth-like structures to transmit the energy of the shock wave to the energy-absorbing layer 3.

[0029] The contact part 4 on the first protective layer 1 can be a first groove; the contact part 4 on the second protective layer 2 can be a protrusion, so as to increase the contact area between the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 2 and the energy-absorbing layer 3. The inner diameter of the first groove on the first protective layer 1 is larger than the diameter of the protrusion on the second protective layer 2. Specifically, when the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 2 are arranged oppositely, the first groove of the first protective layer 1 corresponds to the protrusion of the second protective layer 2, and when the energy-absorbing layer 3 is not provided, the protrusion can be inserted into the first groove. And because the inner diameter of the first groove is larger than the diameter of the protrusion, when the energy-absorbing layer 3 is arranged between the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 2, the protrusion on the second protective layer 2 can drive the energy-absorbing layer 3 into the first groove on the first protective layer 1, so as to ensure that both the first groove and the protrusion can play a role in increasing the contact area with the energy-absorbing layer 3.

[0030] The first protective layer 1 is provided with a second groove 12 for accommodating the second protective layer 2 and the energy-absorbing layer 3; a first through hole 11 for communicating with the second groove 12 is also provided on the side wall of the first protective layer 1, and the first through hole 11 is used for pouring the energy-absorbing layer 3 into the second groove 12. Specifically, the contact part 4 is arranged at the bottom of the second groove 12, one end of the first through hole 11 communicates with the second groove 12, and the other end communicates with the external environment. During use, a structure such as a pipeline can be used to connect with the first through hole 11, and then the energy-absorbing layer 3 is poured into the second groove 12. The setting of the second groove 12 prevents the energy-absorbing layer 3 from flowing out from the gap between the first energy-absorbing layer 3 and the second energy-absorbing layer 3 during pouring. In addition, it can also ensure that when the first protective layer 1, the second protective layer 2 and the energy-absorbing layer 3 receive the shock wave in the axial direction of the roadway 5, the three will not have relative displacement in the axial direction, ensuring the stability of the energy-absorbing protection structure.

[0031] The first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 2 are made of ultra-high performance concrete. Ultra-high performance concrete can ensure that the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 2 will not be damaged when receiving shock waves.

[0032] The energy-absorbing layer 3 is made of a shear thickening fluid 9. The shear thickening fluid 9 is in a liquid state under normal conditions, but when it is subjected to high-speed shear or external force impact, its viscosity will increase rapidly and change from a liquid state to a substance similar to a solid state. This transformation enables the shear thickening fluid 9 to absorb a large amount of impact energy, thus providing great impact resistance. Therefore, when the shear thickening fluid 9 is used as the energy-absorbing layer 3, it can effectively disperse and absorb the shock wave energy when being impacted, protecting the first protective layer 1 and the second protective layer 2 from damage.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 3, on the other hand, the present utility model also provides a roadway 5 pressure relief and energy absorption protection system, which includes a roadway 5, anchor bolts 6 and an energy absorption protection structure as described above; the energy absorption protection structure forms the side wall of the roadway 5; the anchor bolts 6 are arranged in the surrounding rock of the roadway 5 and are used to support the surrounding rock. Specifically, when the energy absorption protection structure is not provided on the inner side wall of the roadway 5, the anchor bolts 6 penetrate into the surrounding rock by using the inner side wall of the roadway 5 to resist the deformation of the surrounding rock and relieve the accumulation of internal energy in the surrounding rock.

[0034] The roadway 5 pressure relief and energy absorption protection system further includes a plurality of cavities 7 arranged in the surrounding rock of the roadway 5. The plurality of cavities 7 are arranged at intervals in an arc shape on the circumference of the roadway 5; a thin film is arranged in the cavity 7, and a shear thickening fluid 9 for energy absorption is arranged in the thin film; a second through hole 8 for connecting with the cavity 7 is also arranged in the surrounding rock of the roadway 5, and the second through hole 8 can be used to pour the thin film and the shear thickening fluid 9 into the cavity 7. The cavity 7 can be drilled on the inner side wall of the roadway 5 by a cavity drilling rig. After reaching the set position of the cavity 7, spatial cavity formation is carried out to form the cavity 7. The second through hole 8 can be a channel formed by the cavity drilling rig in the surrounding rock when building the cavity 7. In order to ensure the setting of the second through hole 8, a tubular structure, such as a steel pipe, is arranged in the second through hole 8 to support the surrounding rock and avoid damaging the stability of the surrounding rock due to the setting of the second through hole 8.

[0035] In summary, the present utility model ensures that the impacts received by the first protection layer and the second protection layer can be transmitted to the energy absorption layer by setting the first protection layer and the second protection layer, arranging an energy absorption layer between the two protection layers to absorb the shock waves received by the first protection layer and the second protection layer, and arranging a contact part for increasing the contact area on the sides of the first protection layer and the second protection layer in contact with the energy absorption layer, thereby ensuring the stability of the support structure of the roadway and preventing the occurrence of roadway collapse.

[0036] The above embodiments only illustrate the principle and efficacy of the present utility model by way of example, and are not used to limit the present utility model. Any person familiar with this technology can modify or change the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present utility model. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes completed by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field without departing from the spirit and technical idea disclosed by the present utility model should still be covered by the claims of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An energy absorbing protective structure, characterized in that: The energy absorbing protective structure comprises: a first protective layer, a second protective layer and an energy absorbing layer; The energy absorbing layer is arranged between the first protective layer and the second protective layer; Contact portions for increasing the contact area with the energy absorbing layer are provided on the sides of the first protective layer and the second protective layer that are in contact with the energy absorbing layer.

2. The energy absorbing protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contact portion is a plurality of tooth-shaped structures disposed on the side surfaces of the first protective layer and the second protective layer that are in contact with the energy absorbing layer.

3. The energy absorbing protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The contact portion on the first protective layer is a first groove; the contact portion on the second protective layer is a protrusion.

4. The energy absorbing protection structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: An inner diameter of the first groove on the first protective layer is larger than a diameter of the protrusion on the second protective layer.

5. The energy absorbing protection structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first protective layer is provided with a second groove for accommodating the second protective layer and the energy absorbing layer; the side wall of the first protective layer is also provided with a first through hole for communicating with the second groove, and the first through hole is used to inject the energy absorbing layer into the second groove.

6. An energy absorbing protection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The first protective layer and the second protective layer are made of ultra-high performance concrete.

7. The energy absorbing protection structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The energy absorbing layer is made of shear thickening fluid.

8. A tunnel pressure relief energy absorption protection system, characterized in that: It comprises a tunnel, an anchor rod and an energy absorbing and protective structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 7; the energy absorbing and protective structure forms the side wall of the tunnel; the anchor rod is arranged in the surrounding rock of the tunnel to support the surrounding rock.

9. A tunnel pressure relief energy absorption protection system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The tunnel pressure relief energy absorption protection system further comprises a plurality of cavities arranged in the surrounding rock of the tunnel, wherein the plurality of cavities are arranged in an arc shape at intervals on the peripheral side of the tunnel; A film is arranged in the cavity, and a shear thickening liquid for absorbing energy is arranged in the film; A second through hole for connecting with the cavity is also provided in the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and the second through hole can be used to inject the film and the shear thickening fluid into the cavity.

10. A tunnel pressure relief energy absorption protection system according to claim 9, characterized in that: A tubular structure is disposed in the second through hole, and the tubular structure is communicated with the cavity.

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