Pipeline air detection device and dialysis machine

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of manufacturing of health and medical instruments, in particular to a pipeline air detection device and a dialysis machine, which are characterized in that a first bubble sensor is arranged at a first position of a pipeline; the second bubble sensor is arranged at a second position of the pipeline; the electric valve is arranged at a third position of the pipeline, and the third position is located at the downstream of the first position and the second position according to the flow direction of the medium in the pipeline; the logic OR gate circuit is provided with a first input end and a second input end, the first input end is electrically connected with the output end of the first bubble sensor, the second input end is electrically connected with the output end of the second bubble sensor, and the output end of the logic OR gate circuit is electrically connected with the electric valve. Based on a detection structure combining front and rear bubble sensors with a logic OR gate, air entering a pipeline is found in time, dialyzer blood coagulation caused by air embolism is avoided, and dialysis sufficiency of a patient is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of manufacturing of sanitary medical devices, and particularly, to a pipeline air detection device and a dialysis machine with a function of monitoring air alarm of the pipeline before a dialyzer. Background Art

[0002] Hemodialysis, abbreviated as HD, is also commonly called artificial kidney or kidney dialysis in popular terms, and is a kind of blood purification technology. By using the principle of semipermeable membrane, harmful substances, metabolic wastes and excessive electrolytes in the body are removed out of the body through diffusion, so as to achieve the purpose of purifying blood, correcting water and electrolyte and acid-base balance.

[0003] Hemodialysis is a replacement therapy for the kidneys of uremic patients. It is a treatment method for uremic patients to maintain their lives. Hemodialysis uses a special machine to draw blood out of the patient's body, purify it through a purification device and then transfuse it back into the patient's body, and so on in a cycle. The conventional treatment time for one time is four to five hours. According to different treatment methods, it is divided into intermittent hemodialysis treatment and continuous hemodialysis treatment. In addition to being applied to the replacement treatment of chronic renal failure, it is also applied to the treatment of acute renal failure, multiple organ failure, severe trauma, acute necrotizing pancreatitis, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, acute alcoholism and other diseases caused by different reasons. It is of great significance to relieve the symptoms of patients and prolong their survival period, and is also one of the effective measures to rescue patients with acute and chronic renal failure.

[0004] According to the cause analysis in Section 9, Chapter 10, "Assessment of Hemodialysis Adequacy" of the "Standard Operating Procedures for Blood Purification", it is pointed out that whether there is coagulation in the dialyzer is one of the reasons affecting the adequacy of patients' hemodialysis. During dialysis, due to air entering the dialyzer, air embolism is formed, resulting in dialyzer coagulation, which is one of the common complications. Usually, there are the following situations where air enters the dialyzer: infusion before the blood pump, rupture of the circuit tube before the blood pump or loose connection of each pipeline, the bevel of the arterial puncture needle not completely entering the arteriovenous fistula blood vessel, fracture or breakage of the central venous catheter, rupture of the dialyzer membrane, air scattered into the dialysate, improper blood return, etc. According to Section 8, Chapter 10, "Complications and Treatments during Hemodialysis" of the "Standard Operating Procedures for Blood Purification", the most common complication is "hypotension during dialysis", and one of the emergency treatment measures is to quickly supplement normal saline, 20% mannitol or albumin solution, etc. The simplest operation method is to quickly pump the required supplementary solution into the patient's body through the infusion port before the blood pump. If the operator fails to timely detect that the infusion bottle is empty and clamp the infusion port in the specific operation, air will enter the arterial chamber. In actual operation, due to reasons such as non-standard operation or unsealed interface, the connection between the nipple of the heparin syringe and the heparin infusion port of the circuit tube is not tight. During the slow injection of anticoagulant, air is continuously inhaled at the same time and enters the arterial chamber. If it cannot be timely detected and the blood pump operation is not stopped, air will enter the dialyzer, causing air embolism in the dialyzer. Therefore, the most common situations where air enters the dialyzer are: 1. All connection points and pipeline openings of the extracorporeal circulation pipeline system before the blood pump, and the openings of unused pipelines are not in a double-insurance state of capping and clamping the tube clamp; 2. Air enters from the infusion port before the blood pump; 3. Air enters from the anticoagulant infusion port before the blood pump.

[0005] The currently relatively mature sensor for monitoring air bubbles in the pipeline is based on the principle of ultrasonic monitoring. It mainly utilizes the fact that sound waves will be reflected and refracted at the interface of different media, affecting the conduction. Once there are air bubbles in the liquid, a part of the sound wave signal will be reflected and refracted by the air bubbles and cannot reach the signal receiver. At this time, the sound intensity received by the receiver will decrease, and the output voltage signal will also change accordingly. The degree of decrease in the output voltage signal can reflect the size of the air bubble volume. The larger the volume of the air bubble (or the larger number of air bubbles of the same volume), the greater the change in voltage, and the alarm information is obtained based on this.

[0006] All devices widely used in the market monitor through the pre-filter pressure PBE. However, since the pipeline connecting the heparin pump to the front of the pump is relatively thin, the generally mixed air bubbles are small, and it is difficult to sensitively monitor through the change of pressure; and the blood pump rotates at a high speed. The conventional hemodialysis blood flow rate is 200 - 250 ml / min. When the pre-filter pressure sensor PBE monitors an alarm, air has actually entered the dialyzer. Therefore, it is extremely important to design a set of functions for monitoring air alarm in the pipeline before the dialyzer. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present utility model is to provide a pipeline air detection device and a dialysis machine.

[0008] A pipeline air detection device according to the present utility model includes:

[0009] A first bubble sensor 6, arranged at a first position of the pipeline;

[0010] A second bubble sensor 11, arranged at a second position of the pipeline;

[0011] An electric valve 12, arranged at a third position of the pipeline. According to the flow direction of the medium in the pipeline, the third position is downstream of the first position and the second position;

[0012] A logical OR gate circuit, having a first input terminal and a second input terminal. The first input terminal is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first bubble sensor 6, the second input terminal is electrically connected to the output terminal of the second bubble sensor 11, and the output terminal of the logical OR gate circuit is electrically connected to the electric valve 12.

[0013] Further, the logical OR gate circuit includes:

[0014] A first diode, with the positive electrode connected to the output terminal of the first bubble sensor 6;

[0015] A second diode, with the positive electrode connected to the output terminal of the second bubble sensor 11;

[0016] The power supply Vcc is connected to the negative electrodes of the first diode, the second diode, and the electric valve 12 through a load resistor.

[0017] A dialysis machine according to the present invention includes the above-mentioned pipeline air detection device.

[0018] Further, the dialysis machine includes, arranged on the pipeline in sequence according to the flow direction of the medium: a pre-blood pump infusion port 2, a heparin pump infusion port 3, a blood pump 4, an arterial chamber 5, a dialyzer 8, and a venous chamber 10.

[0019] Further, the first bubble sensor 6 is connected between the arterial chamber 5 and the dialyzer 8.

[0020] Further, the second bubble sensor 11 and the electric valve 12 are sequentially connected downstream of the venous chamber 10.

[0021] Further, the electric valve 12 includes a venous clamp valve.

[0022] Further, an arterial pressure PA monitoring device 1 is provided on the pipeline upstream of the infusion port 2 in front of the blood pump.

[0023] Further, a pre-filter pressure PBE monitoring device 7 is provided on the pipeline between the arterial chamber 5 and the dialyzer 8.

[0024] Further, a venous pressure PV monitoring device 9 is provided on the pipeline between the dialyzer 8 and the venous chamber 10.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] Based on the detection structure of combining the front and rear two bubble sensors with a logical OR gate, the utility model can timely detect air entering the dialyzer through the first bubble sensor, avoid the formation of air embolism leading to coagulation of the dialyzer, ensure the dialysis adequacy of patients, and timely prevent air from entering the human blood vessels through the second bubble sensor. The dialysis machine of the utility model has a wide range of applications and improves the safety of traditional dialysis. Description of the Drawings

[0027] By reading the detailed description of the non-restrictive embodiments with reference to the following drawings, other features, purposes and advantages of the utility model will become more obvious:

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the dialysis machine of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of logical OR gate processing of the utility model.

[0030] In the figure: 1 - arterial pressure PA monitoring device; 2 - infusion port in front of the blood pump; 3 - heparin pump infusion port; 4 - blood pump; 5 - arterial chamber; 6 - first bubble sensor; 7 - pre-filter pressure PBE monitoring device; 8 - dialyzer; 9 - venous pressure PV monitoring device; 10 - venous chamber; 11 - second bubble sensor; 12 - electric valve. Specific Embodiments

[0031] The following specifically describes the utility model in combination with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the utility model, but do not limit the utility model in any form. It should be noted that those of ordinary skill in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the utility model. These all belong to the protection scope of the utility model.

[0032] Embodiment 1

[0033] In order to prevent air from entering the pipeline, this embodiment provides a pipeline air detection device, as Figure 1 shown, the pipeline air detection device includes:

[0034] The first bubble sensor 6 is disposed at a first position of the pipeline. The second bubble sensor 11 is disposed at a second position of the pipeline. The electric valve 12 is disposed at a third position of the pipeline. According to the flow direction of the medium in the pipeline, the third position is downstream of the first position and the second position.

[0035] As Figure 2 As shown, the logic OR gate circuit has a first input terminal and a second input terminal. The first input terminal is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first bubble sensor 6, and the second input terminal is electrically connected to the output terminal of the second bubble sensor 11. The output terminal of the logic OR gate circuit is electrically connected to the electric valve 12. Specifically, the logic OR gate circuit includes: a first diode, the positive electrode of which is connected to the output terminal of the first bubble sensor 6. A second diode, the positive electrode of which is connected to the output terminal of the second bubble sensor 11. The power supply Vcc is connected to the negative electrodes of the first diode, the second diode, and the electric valve 12 through the load resistor R.

[0036] The first bubble sensor 6 and the second bubble sensor 11 respectively generate input signals A and B for the logic OR gate circuit. At the same time, the logic OR gate circuit outputs an output signal Y. A diode is connected to the output terminal of each of the first bubble sensor 6 and the second bubble sensor 11. When any one of the bubble sensors detects air in the pipeline, the input signal generated by it is at a high level (i.e., 1), and the diode connected to it will be turned on, and its forward current can pass through the load resistor R. The current flows from the power supply VCC through the load resistor R to control the electric valve 12 to close and give an alarm. Only when both A and B are at a low level (i.e., 0), neither of the two diodes is turned on. At this time, the output signal Y is at a low level, and the current cannot pass through the load resistor R, and the electric valve 12 does not work and there is no alarm.

[0037] Embodiment 2

[0038] As Figure 1 As shown, on the basis of Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a dialysis machine, including the pipeline air detection device of Embodiment 1 and the following devices that are sequentially arranged on the pipeline according to the medium flow direction: the arterial pressure PA monitoring device 1, the pre-blood pump infusion port 2, the heparin pump infusion port 3, the blood pump 4, the arterial chamber 5, the pre-filter pressure PBE monitoring device 7, the dialyzer 8, the venous pressure PV monitoring device 9, and the venous chamber 10.

[0039] The first bubble sensor 6 of the pipeline air detection device is connected between the arterial chamber 5 and the dialyzer 8, and the second bubble sensor 11 and the electric valve 12 are sequentially connected downstream of the venous chamber 10. The electric valve 12 is a venous clamp valve.

[0040] In the specific operation of anticoagulant therapy for blood purification, in addition to injecting at the patient's venous end, it may also be necessary to inject before the blood pump 4. At this time, the heparin infusion port 3 is required, which provides the function of continuously and slowly injecting anticoagulant before the pump, so as to avoid or slow down the coagulation of the dialyzer.

[0041] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

[0042] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. Without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.

Claims

1. A pipeline air detection device, characterized in that: include: A first bubble sensor (6) is arranged at a first position of the pipeline; A second bubble sensor (11) is arranged at a second position of the pipeline; an electric valve (12) arranged at a third position of the pipeline, wherein according to the flow direction of the medium in the pipeline, the third position is located downstream of the first position and the second position; A logic OR gate circuit has a first input end and a second input end, wherein the first input end is electrically connected to the output end of the first bubble sensor (6), the second input end is electrically connected to the output end of the second bubble sensor (11), and the output end of the logic OR gate circuit is electrically connected to the electric valve (12).

2. The pipeline air detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The logic OR gate circuit comprises: a first diode, the anode of which is connected to the output end of the first bubble sensor (6); a second diode, the anode of which is connected to the output end of the second air bubble sensor (11); The power source Vcc is connected to the cathode of the first diode, the cathode of the second diode and the electric valve (12) through a load resistor.

3. A dialysis machine, characterized in that: Including the pipeline air detection device as described in claim 1 or 2.

4. The dialysis machine according to claim 3, characterized in that The dialysis machine comprises: a blood pump front infusion port (2), a heparin pump infusion port (3), a blood pump (4), an arterial pot (5), a dialyzer (8) and a venous pot (10) which are arranged in sequence on the pipeline according to the flow direction of the medium.

5. The dialysis machine according to claim 4, characterized in that The first bubble sensor (6) is connected between the arterial pot (5) and the dialyzer (8).

6. The dialysis machine according to claim 4, characterized in that The second bubble sensor (11) and the electric valve (12) are sequentially connected downstream of the intravenous pot (10).

7. The dialysis machine according to claim 3, characterized in that The electric valve (12) comprises a venous clamp valve.

8. The dialysis machine according to claim 4, characterized in that An arterial pressure PA monitoring device (1) is arranged on the pipeline upstream of the front infusion port (2) of the blood pump.

9. The dialysis machine according to claim 4, characterized in that A pre-filtration pressure PBE monitoring device (7) is provided on the pipeline between the arterial pot (5) and the dialyzer (8).

10. The dialysis machine according to claim 4, characterized in that A venous pressure PV monitoring device (9) is arranged on the pipeline between the dialyzer (8) and the venous pot (10).

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