Shell structure of energy storage battery

Abstract

The utility model discloses a shell structure of an energy storage battery, which comprises a shell body, an inner cavity is defined by the shell body, an air leakage channel is formed on the wall body of the shell body, one end of the air leakage channel is communicated with the inner cavity, and the other end of the air leakage channel is communicated with the external environment of the shell body. A plurality of isolating membranes are arranged in the air leakage channel, the isolating membranes are arranged at intervals in the extending direction of the air leakage channel, and the periphery of each isolating membrane is connected with the inner peripheral wall of the air leakage channel in a sealed mode; and when the internal pressure of the inner cavity is increased, the gas in the inner cavity can gradually break the plurality of isolating membranes. According to the technical scheme, the pressure in the shell can be released safely and controllably.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a shell structure of an energy storage battery. Background Art

[0002] Energy storage batteries are widely used in modern society, from portable electronic devices to electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage systems. The housings of these batteries not only need to protect and support the internal components, but also must ensure the safety and reliability of the batteries under various operating conditions. However, existing energy storage battery housing structures often pose safety hazards when faced with abnormal increases in internal pressure. Traditional designs usually use a single safety valve or rupture disc to deal with pressure problems. This approach may cause sudden pressure release, increase the risk of rapid electrolyte ejection, and may accelerate the occurrence of thermal runaway. In addition, the single pressure release mechanism lacks flexibility and cannot be adjusted accordingly according to different degrees of pressure abnormalities, which can easily cause problems such as overreaction or underreaction. These defects not only affect the service life and performance of the battery, but may also endanger user safety and the surrounding environment. Utility Model Content

[0003] The main purpose of the utility model is to provide a shell structure of an energy storage battery, aiming to solve the technical problem that the battery shell in the prior art cannot release the pressure inside the shell safely and controllably.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the shell structure of the energy storage battery proposed in the utility model includes a shell body, the shell body is enclosed to form an inner cavity, a gas leakage channel is formed on the wall of the shell body, one end of the gas leakage channel is connected with the inner cavity, and the other end of the gas leakage channel is connected with the external environment of the shell body, a plurality of isolation membranes are arranged in the gas leakage channel, the plurality of isolation membranes are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the gas leakage channel, and the periphery of each isolation membrane is sealed and connected with the inner peripheral wall of the gas leakage channel; when the internal pressure of the inner cavity increases, the gas in the inner cavity can gradually rupture the plurality of isolation membranes.

[0005] Optionally, the rupture pressure thresholds of the plurality of isolation membranes are different.

[0006] Optionally, the air leakage channel has a first end communicating with the inner cavity, and a second end communicating with the external environment of the shell body, and the rupture pressure thresholds of the multiple isolation membranes gradually increase in a direction from the first end to the second end.

[0007] Optionally, the air leakage channel extends in a zigzag shape.

[0008] Optionally, the cross-sectional area of the air release channel gradually increases in its extending direction, wherein the cross-sectional area of the air release channel near one end of the inner cavity is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the air release channel far from one end of the inner cavity.

[0009] Optionally, the structure of the air release channel formed on the shell body is made of a transparent material.

[0010] In the shell structure of the energy storage battery of the technical solution of the present invention, by providing an air release channel on the shell wall, and a plurality of spaced-apart isolation membranes are arranged inside this air release channel, the safety hazards and lack of flexibility brought by the single pressure release mechanism in the prior art are ingeniously solved. When the pressure inside the shell abnormally rises, the gas can gradually break through a plurality of isolation membranes, realizing a hierarchical and progressive release of pressure. This design helps to reduce the risk of sudden pressure release, reduce the possibility of rapid ejection of the electrolyte, and may delay the occurrence of thermal runaway. The design of a plurality of isolation membranes provides more flexible pressure management capabilities, and can be adjusted accordingly according to different degrees of abnormal pressure, overcoming the defects of overreaction or underreaction in the prior art. The design of the air release channel ensures the controllability and directivity of the pressure release process, further enhancing the safety of the battery. This innovative structure significantly improves the safety performance of the energy storage battery under abnormal conditions, providing more time for the battery management system to take other safety measures. Description of the Drawings

[0011] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings.

[0012] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the shell structure of the energy storage battery of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the sectional view of.

[0014] Explanation of the reference numerals in the drawings:

[0015] 1. Shell body; 11. Inner cavity; 12. Air release channel; 13. Isolation membrane.

[0016] The realization of the purpose, functional characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the drawings. Detailed Embodiments

[0017] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0018] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0019] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in the present utility model are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, "and / or" in the full text includes three solutions. Taking A and / or B as an example, it includes technical solution A, technical solution B, and technical solution that satisfies both A and B. In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, which must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in this field to implement. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the present utility model.

[0020] The utility model provides a shell structure of an energy storage battery.

[0021] In the embodiment of the present utility model, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the shell structure of the energy storage battery includes a shell body 1, the shell body 1 is enclosed to form an inner cavity 11, and a gas leakage channel 12 is formed on the wall of the shell body 1, one end of the gas leakage channel 12 is connected with the inner cavity 11, and the other end of the gas leakage channel 12 is connected with the external environment of the shell body 1, and a plurality of isolation membranes 13 are arranged in the gas leakage channel 12, and the plurality of isolation membranes 13 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the gas leakage channel 12, and the periphery of each isolation membrane 13 is sealed and connected with the inner peripheral wall of the gas leakage channel 12; when the internal pressure of the inner cavity 11 increases, the gas in the inner cavity 11 can gradually rupture the plurality of isolation membranes 13.

[0022] Specifically, when the internal pressure of the inner cavity 11 increases, the gas in the inner cavity 11 can gradually rupture these isolation membranes 13. Specifically, the air release channel 12 can be a linear, curved, or polyline-shaped channel that penetrates the housing wall and connects the inner cavity 11 and the external environment. The isolation membranes 13 can be thin film structures, for example, made of metal foil, polymer film, or composite materials. These isolation membranes 13 are arranged in series within the air release channel 12, and each isolation membrane 13 is closely attached to the inner wall of the channel, forming multiple sealed partitions.

[0023] When the pressure inside the battery increases due to certain reasons (such as overcharging, short circuit, etc.), the gas will first enter the air release channel 12 and start to exert pressure on the first isolation membrane 13. When the pressure reaches the rupture threshold of the first isolation membrane 13, this membrane will rupture and release part of the pressure. If the pressure continues to rise, the gas will continue to exert pressure on the next isolation membrane 13, and so on, until the pressure is completely released or all the isolation membranes 13 are ruptured.

[0024] It can be understood that the housing structure of the energy storage battery in the technical solution of the present utility model, by providing the air release channel 12 on the housing wall and having multiple spaced-apart isolation membranes 13 inside this air release channel 12, cleverly solves the problems such as potential safety hazards and insufficient flexibility brought by the single pressure release mechanism in the prior art. This structure allows the gas to gradually rupture multiple isolation membranes 13 when the internal pressure of the housing abnormally increases, realizing a hierarchical and progressive release of pressure. This design helps to reduce the risk of sudden pressure release, reduce the possibility of rapid ejection of the electrolyte, and may delay the occurrence of thermal runaway. The design of multiple isolation membranes 13 provides more flexible pressure management capabilities, can be adjusted accordingly according to different degrees of abnormal pressure, and overcomes the defects of overreaction or underreaction in the prior art. The design of the air release channel 12 ensures the controllability and directionality of the pressure release process, further enhancing the safety of the battery. This innovative structure significantly improves the safety performance of the energy storage battery under abnormal conditions and provides more time for the battery management system to take other safety measures.

[0025] Optionally, the rupture pressure thresholds of the multiple isolation membranes 13 are different. Specifically, each isolation membrane 13 is designed to rupture at different pressure levels. For example, the isolation membrane 13 near the inner cavity 11 may be designed to rupture at a lower pressure, while the isolation membrane 13 far from the inner cavity 11 may require a higher pressure to rupture. This design can be achieved by using isolation membranes 13 with different thicknesses, different materials, or different structures.

[0026] The advantage of this design is that it provides a progressive pressure release mechanism that can be adjusted accordingly according to different degrees of internal pressure. Compared with traditional single pressure relief valves, this multi-stage release structure can better control the pressure release process and reduce the risks that may be brought by a sudden large amount of gas release. At the same time, since the rupture of the isolation membrane 13 is an irreversible process, it can also provide a visual indication to battery users or maintenance personnel that the battery has experienced abnormal pressure, which helps to detect potential safety hazards in a timely manner. In addition, this structure is simple and does not require complex mechanical components or electronic control systems, and has the advantages of high reliability and relatively low cost.

[0027] Preferably, the air release channel 12 has a first end communicating with the inner cavity 11 and a second end communicating with the external environment of the housing body 1. In the direction from the first end to the second end, the rupture pressure thresholds of the plurality of isolation membranes 13 gradually increase.

[0028] Specifically, the isolation membrane 13 closest to the inner cavity 11 has the lowest rupture pressure threshold, while the isolation membrane 13 closest to the external environment has the highest rupture pressure threshold. For example, if three isolation membranes 13 are provided in the air release channel 12, the first membrane (closest to the inner cavity 11) may rupture at a pressure of 100 kPa, the second membrane may rupture at 150 kPa, and the third membrane (closest to the outside) may rupture at 200 kPa.

[0029] This design can be achieved in various ways. For example, isolation membranes 13 with the same material but gradually increasing thickness are used. Or isolation membranes 13 are made of materials with different strengths, such as transitioning from polymer membranes to metal foils.

[0030] This design creates a refined pressure management system that can provide corresponding release responses according to different degrees of internal pressure. When the internal pressure begins to rise, the isolation membrane 13 with the lowest threshold ruptures first, which provides an early warning mechanism and releases part of the pressure at the same time. If the pressure continues to rise, the subsequent isolation membranes 13 will rupture in sequence to achieve a stepped release of pressure. This progressive pressure release mechanism greatly reduces the risks that may be brought by a sudden large amount of gas release, such as electrolyte splashing or severe thermal runaway. At the same time, it also provides more reaction time for the battery management system, and other necessary safety measures can be taken during the gradual release of pressure. In addition, this design can also adapt to different degrees of pressure abnormalities. For a slight increase in pressure, perhaps only one or two isolation membranes 13 need to rupture to effectively relieve it; while for severe pressure problems, more isolation membranes 13 can be ruptured to deal with them. This flexibility and adaptability significantly improve the safety performance of the battery under various working conditions, extend the service life of the battery, and provide users with a visual indication of the safety status.

[0031] Optionally, the gas release channel 12 extends in a zigzag shape. The zigzag design is not limited to bending within a single plane and can also be a complex path in three-dimensional space. For example, the gas release channel 12 can spiral up or down within the housing wall, or can make multiple turns on different planes.

[0032] This zigzag design has multiple advantages. First, it increases the total length of the gas release channel 12, providing space for placing more isolation membranes 13, thereby enabling more precise pressure management. Second, the zigzag path can slow down the gas flow rate and reduce the risk of sudden gas release. Moreover, this design can make better use of the space of the housing wall to achieve a complex pressure release mechanism without increasing the overall size of the housing. Finally, the zigzag path can also block liquids or particulate matters that may flow out with the gas, acting as a filter to reduce the risk of electrolyte leakage.

[0033] Optionally, the cross-sectional area of the gas release channel 12 gradually increases in its extending direction, wherein the cross-sectional area of the gas release channel 12 near one end of the inner cavity 11 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the gas release channel 12 far from one end of the inner cavity 11.

[0034] The specific implementation of this design can be adjusted according to factors such as the size of the battery and the expected pressure range. For example, for large-scale energy storage batteries, a larger range of cross-sectional area changes may be adopted; while for small batteries, a smaller range of changes may be used.

[0035] This tapered structure creates a carefully controlled pressure release path, enabling the pressure of the gas to gradually decrease and the speed to gradually slow down as the gas passes through the channel. This design effectively reduces the impact and risk that may be brought about by sudden gas release, greatly reducing the potential harm to the external environment. At the same time, the increasing cross-sectional area provides a larger settling space for tiny particles or droplets that may be released with the gas, further reducing the possibility of electrolyte leakage. This structure can also adapt to different degrees of pressure abnormalities. For slight pressure increases, the small cross-sectional part can effectively relieve the pressure; while for severe pressure problems, the large cross-sectional part can safely accommodate and release more gas. Through this design, the battery can manage pressure more smoothly and safely in the face of internal pressure abnormalities, significantly improving the overall safety performance and reliability of the energy storage battery, and providing a more reliable protection solution for high-demand application scenarios such as large-scale energy storage systems and electric vehicles.

[0036] Optionally, the structure of the air release channel 12 formed on the housing body 1 is made of a transparent material. The transparent material can be selected from tempered glass, polycarbonate, special transparent ceramics, etc. The design of making the air release channel 12 structure with a transparent material greatly enhances the visualization monitoring ability of the energy storage battery. This innovative application enables users or maintenance personnel to directly observe the conditions inside the air release channel 12, including key information such as the integrity of the separator 13, whether there is gas or liquid accumulation, etc. This not only helps to promptly discover potential safety hazards but also provides unprecedented convenience for the daily maintenance and condition assessment of the battery. The transparent design can also reflect the process of internal pressure change of the battery in real time, providing more warning and intervention opportunities for the battery management system. This visualization monitoring ability greatly improves the safety of battery use, enabling abnormal situations to be quickly identified and processed, effectively preventing the occurrence of more serious problems. At the same time, this design also provides a window for researchers to observe the internal state changes of the battery, helping to deeply understand various phenomena during the battery operation process and providing valuable data support for further improving the battery design.

[0037] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformation made under the inventive concept of the present invention by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields, is included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shell structure of an energy storage battery, characterized in that: The invention comprises a shell body (1), wherein the shell body (1) is enclosed to form an inner cavity (11), and an air leakage channel (12) is formed on the wall of the shell body (1), one end of the air leakage channel (12) is communicated with the inner cavity (11), and the other end of the air leakage channel (12) is communicated with the external environment of the shell body (1), and a plurality of isolation membranes (13) are arranged in the air leakage channel (12), and the plurality of isolation membranes (13) are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the air leakage channel (12), and the periphery of each isolation membrane (13) is sealed and connected with the inner peripheral wall of the air leakage channel (12); When the internal pressure of the inner cavity (11) increases, the gas in the inner cavity (11) can gradually rupture the plurality of isolation membranes (13).

2. The shell structure of the energy storage battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rupture pressure thresholds of the plurality of isolation membranes (13) are different.

3. The shell structure of the energy storage battery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air leakage channel (12) has a first end connected to the inner cavity (11) and a second end connected to the external environment of the shell body (1), and the rupture pressure thresholds of the multiple isolation membranes (13) gradually increase in the direction from the first end to the second end.

4. The shell structure of the energy storage battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air leakage channel (12) extends in a zigzag shape.

5. The shell structure of the energy storage battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the air leakage channel (12) in its extension direction gradually increases, wherein the cross-sectional area of ​​the end of the air leakage channel (12) close to the inner cavity (11) is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the end of the air leakage channel (12) far from the inner cavity (11).

6. The shell structure of the energy storage battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure on which the air leakage channel (12) is formed on the shell body (1) is made of a transparent material.

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