Fertilizer applicator for large-area planting and control system

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of agricultural equipment, and discloses a fertilizer applicator for large-area planting and a control system.The rear portion of a tractor is connected with a main engine base through a lifting mechanism, a charging box is installed on the main engine base, and a plurality of fertilizer applying units are installed on the periphery of the bottom of the charging box; then, the number of fertilization scattering heads needing to be mounted on the fertilization unit is adjusted according to the width of the effective sprayed fertilizer; the control system is divided into three-stage integrated control and is electrically connected with the rotary polishing motor, and the three-stage integrated control can realize finer operation management on the rotary polishing motor; main switch control is carried out on the first-stage control through an integrated circuit, a control circuit of a second-stage switch is electrically connected to a fertilization group through a plurality of third-stage switches, and control circuits of the third-stage switches are electrically connected to a plurality of specific rotary throwing assemblies at the bottom of the charging box. The working state of the motor can be dynamically adjusted according to actual needs, so that energy is saved, and the service life of equipment is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of agricultural equipment, and specifically, to a fertilizer applicator and a control system for large-area planting. Background Art

[0002] With the strong support of national policies and the development of modern agriculture and agricultural technologies, the development process of agriculture has shown a rapid improvement. One of the core driving forces of agricultural modernization lies in large-scale crop planting. Large-scale not only means an increase in planting area, but more importantly, through intensive management, scientific and technological applications, and resource integration, the close connection and optimization and upgrading of all links in agricultural production have been achieved;

[0003] With the wide popularization of large-scale crop planting, there is an urgent need for a multi-functional fertilizer applicator for large-scale planting, which can fully intelligently manage the fertilization operation, combine large-scale crop fertilization with new farm tools with rich functions, not only greatly improve the automation and intelligence level of agricultural production, but also promote the efficient utilization of agricultural resources and environmental protection, and open up a new path for the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0004] In agricultural production, when applying fertilizers on a large area of farmland, it is basically mainly by manual application, backpack fertilizer applicators or modern drones. Applying fertilizers on a large area has a high labor intensity and high cost. When spraying fertilizers with larger particles, manual operation is usually adopted. The disadvantages of manual operation are that the fertilizer spraying is uneven, the amount of fertilizer used is not easy to control, and it is very time-consuming.

[0005] In response to the problem of low efficiency of manual fertilization, relevant research and designs have been carried out in the industry. For example, a fertilizer applicator (CN204168751U), a transmission chamber with an accommodation cavity is provided at the front end of the material box, the transmission mechanism is installed in the accommodation cavity of the transmission chamber, one end of the feeding auger is rotatably supported at the rear end of the material box, the other end of the feeding auger is rotatably installed at the front end of the material box and extends into the transmission chamber, and is connected to the transmission mechanism; the fertilization mechanism is installed at the discharge port, and the fertilization mechanism includes a housing with openings at both ends, a rotating shaft and a fertilization plate; during operation, the partition device of the fertilizer distributor guides the fertilizer into the fertilization pipe, and the fertilizer will flow along the fertilization pipe into the ditch dug by the furrow opener to complete the fertilization task.

[0006] However, during the fertilization process of this fertilizer applicator, it directly buries fertilizers by opening ditches through the fertilization pipe. When it is necessary to apply fertilizers in a large area of farmland, the efficiency of the burying fertilizer work is low, and multiple such fertilizer applicators need to be introduced, which will lead to a significant increase in farming costs and is not conducive to the wide popularization of large-scale crop planting. Summary of the Utility Model

[0007] The utility model aims to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art and provides a fertilizer applicator for large-area planting. By improving the existing backpack fertilizer spreader, a large tractor is used as a moving platform to apply fertilizer to crops in a walking mode.

[0008] Another object of the utility model is to provide a control system for a fertilizer applicator for large-area planting.

[0009] The fertilizer applicator and the control system for large-area planting described in the utility model are applicable to large-area farmlands in plains or with gentle slopes and can be used for crops such as rice, corn, and soybeans that require precise fertilizer spreading.

[0010] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the utility model is as follows:

[0011] A fertilizer applicator for large-area planting includes: a tractor, a main seat, a lifting mechanism, a loading box, a fertilizer application unit, and a controller; the main seat is connected to the rear of the tractor through the lifting mechanism, the main seat of the lifting mechanism is provided with a loading box, the bottom of the loading box is provided with a plurality of fertilizer application units, and the fertilizer application unit includes at least 2 fertilizer spreading heads. By controlling the opening and closing of the fertilizer spreading heads and adjusting the spraying angle, the distribution of the fertilizer landing points sprayed is regulated; the controller is electrically connected to the fertilizer application unit.

[0012] Further, the fertilizer spreading head includes: a spreading head bracket, a rotary throwing component, and a material conveying pipe; the spreading head bracket is arranged outside the lower part of the loading box, the rotary throwing component is arranged inside the spreading head bracket and there is an opening for throwing materials outside, and a material conveying pipe for feeding is arranged above the rotary throwing component;

[0013] A baffle is arranged behind the loading box, and the baffle is suspended behind the loading box through a bracket.

[0014] The baffle is an arc-shaped structure concave towards the fertilizer applicator. The fertilizer sprayed from the fertilizer spreading head changes its flight direction to the left and right after hitting the arc surface of the baffle, thereby expanding the spraying area of the fertilizer and making the spraying more uniform.

[0015] Further, the material conveying pipe is also provided with a vacuum pump and / or a blower for providing the power for fertilizer conveying. The material conveying pipe connects the fertilizer spreading head and the loading box, and a plurality of channels for fertilizer conveying are also arranged on the material conveying pipe.

[0016] Further, the lifting mechanism includes a lifting adjustment rod and a lifting arm; the lifting adjustment rod and the lifting arm are respectively hinged to the main seat.

[0017] Further, a secondary material box for counterweight is also arranged in front of the tractor. A hose-type conveyor for fertilizer conveying is arranged between the secondary material box and the loading box; a secondary material cover is also movably arranged on the top of the secondary material box.

[0018] Further, cameras are installed on the left and right sides of the main seat or the loading box, and / or on the rear side of the top of the loading box. The cameras can capture the working conditions of each fertilizer spreading head from a short distance.

[0019] Preferably, the auxiliary material cover is reversibly arranged on the top of the auxiliary material box, and a handle is further provided on the auxiliary material cover.

[0020] Further, the loading box includes a loading basket, a loading cover and a movable limit lock; the loading cover is arranged on the top of the loading basket through a slider and can slide along the direction of the basket wall of the loading basket; the movable limit lock is arranged above the loading basket and is used to fix the loading basket and the loading cover;

[0021] A limit block is provided on the loading cover, and the movable limit lock can be movably and fixedly connected to the limit block.

[0022] Further, an adjusting plate is movably connected to the opening for throwing materials outside the spreading head support, and the adjusting plate is rotatably connected to the opening of the spreading head support through a live pin.

[0023] Further, the rotary throwing assembly includes a rotary throwing head and a rotary throwing motor, and the output shaft of the rotary throwing motor is drivingly connected to the rotary throwing head.

[0024] A control system of a fertilizer applicator for large-area planting, the control system is divided into three-level integrated control;

[0025] The third-level control is carried out by an integrated circuit for multiple third-level switch controls, and the control circuits of the third-level switches are respectively electrically connected to a plurality of specific rotary throwing assemblies arranged at the bottom of the loading box;

[0026] The second-level control is carried out by an integrated circuit for multiple second-level switch controls, and the control circuits of the second-level switches are respectively electrically connected to the fertilizer application groups; a plurality of the fertilizer spreading heads arranged at the bottom of the loading box form a fertilizer application group;

[0027] The first-level control is carried out by an integrated circuit for a main switch control, and the control circuits of multiple second-level switches are electrically connected to the main switch circuit.

[0028] Preferably, the control system is respectively electrically connected to the rotary throwing motors of the rotary throwing assemblies.

[0029] Preferably, the control system is respectively electrically connected to a vacuum pump and / or a blower for providing conveying air pressure.

[0030] Preferably, the control system is respectively electrically connected to a hose-type material conveyor.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the technical solution of the present utility model are:

[0032] ① There are several fertilizing units arranged around the bottom of the loading box. By adjusting their installation angles, the fertilizer sprayed can be adjusted to 180 degrees in a straight line, enabling precise fertilization near the roots of crops, reducing waste and improving fertilizer efficiency. Specifically, uniform and efficient fertilization can be achieved by the forward movement of the tractor.

[0033] ② A camera is installed on each of the left and right sides of the main seat or the bottom of the loading box. The cameras on both sides can capture the working details and conditions of each fertilizing spreader head from close range, and can also be used to monitor the overall fertilization situation in real time, thereby ensuring that the operating status of each unit can be clearly observed, so that problems such as blockage, fertilizer leakage, or mechanical failures can be discovered in a timely manner.

[0034] ③ An adjusting plate is also movably connected to the opening for discharging materials outside the spreader head support. By rotating to set the tilting degree of the adjusting plate, the tilting degree of the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer applicator is adjusted, thereby controlling the fertilizer landing point to ensure that the fertilizer can be evenly and effectively landed on the roots of crops or the designated area, avoiding waste and direct damage to crops.

[0035] ④ The control system is divided into three-level integrated control and is electrically connected to the rotary throwing motor. The three-level integrated control can achieve more delicate operation management of the rotary throwing motor; the first-level control is the total switch control by the integrated circuit, and the control circuits of the second-level switches are respectively electrically connected to the fertilizing groups through multiple third-level switches; the control circuits of the third-level switches are respectively electrically connected to several specific rotary throwing groups arranged around the bottom of the loading box; through hierarchical control, the working state of the motor can be dynamically adjusted according to actual needs. When fertilizing low-density crops, the power output of the rotary throwing motor can be reduced, the fertilizer rotary throwing area can be reduced, thereby saving energy and extending the service life of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0037] Figure 1 It is the first structural schematic diagram of the fertilizer applicator;

[0038] Figure 2 It is the second structural schematic diagram of the fertilizer applicator;

[0039] Figure 3 It is the top view of the seeder;

[0040] Figure 4 It is the structural schematic diagram of the fertilizing spreader head.

[0041] Among them,

[0042] 1. Tractor;

[0043] 2. Main seat;

[0044] 3. Lifting mechanism; 301. Adjusting rod; 302. Lifting arm;

[0045] 4. Loading box; 401. Loading basket; 402. Loading cover; 403. Limit lock;

[0046] 5. Fertilizer spreading head; 501. Spreading head bracket; 502. Rotary throwing assembly; 503. Feed pipe; 504. Adjusting plate;

[0047] 6. Auxiliary material box;

[0048] 7. Hose type feeder;

[0049] 8. Camera;

[0050] 9. Baffle. Detailed implementation manners

[0051] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, rather than all of them. Based on the described embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0052] Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meanings understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The "first", "second" and similar terms used in this application do not denote any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. The terms such as "including" or "comprising" mean that the elements or objects appearing before this word cover the elements or objects listed after this word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. The terms such as "connected" or "coupled" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms such as "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" are only used to represent relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0053] Embodiment 1

[0054] As Figures 1-4As shown in the figure, this embodiment discloses a fertilizer applicator for large-area planting, including: a tractor 1, a main seat 2, a lifting mechanism 3, a loading box 4, a fertilizer application unit, and a controller; the main seat 2 is connected to the tail of the tractor 1 through the lifting mechanism 3, the main seat 2 is provided with a loading box 4, and several fertilizer application units are provided at the bottom of the loading box 4. The fertilizer application unit includes at least two fertilizer spreading heads 5. By controlling the opening and closing of the fertilizer spreading heads 5 and adjusting the spraying angle, the distribution of the fertilizer falling points sprayed out can be adjusted; the controller is electrically connected to the fertilizer application unit.

[0055] With the transfer of rural labor force to non-agricultural industries, large-area fertilization, as a relatively labor-saving fertilizer application method, to a certain extent adapts to the current situation of labor shortage and ensures the grain planting area; large-area fertilization usually refers to the fertilization process in agricultural production to meet the nutrition required for crop growth in a larger area.

[0056] During installation, first connect the main seat 2 behind the tractor 1 through the lifting mechanism 3, install a loading box 4 on the main seat 2, install several fertilizer application units around the bottom of the loading box 4, and then adjust the number of fertilizer spreading heads 5 required to be installed for the fertilizer application unit according to the width of effective fertilizer spraying.

[0057] During operation, when the number and installation angle of the fertilizer application units meet the requirements, the fertilizer sprayed out is distributed in a fan shape; at this time, slow down the traveling speed of the tractor 1, adjust the fertilizer spraying rate, and adjust the fertilizer spraying to be almost in a straight line, so as to accurately fertilize near the roots of crops, reduce waste and improve fertilizer efficiency; specifically, the actual fertilizer spraying situation can be determined according to the preset route and crops to achieve precise control of the operation of the fertilizer applicator.

[0058] Specifically, taking the average spraying width of the fertilizer application unit as 35 meters as an example, and the working speed per hour is 7 kilometers; then theoretically, 367 mu can be fertilized per hour. Excluding the time for loading fertilizer and going back and forth, the actual fertilization amount per hour can reach more than 200 mu.

[0059] Specifically, a battery-powered material pumping machine can be used as the material loading tool for loading fertilizer, which can provide sufficient energy density to ensure that the material pumping machine can work continuously at a high intensity after being fully charged, quickly complete the handling and application of a large amount of fertilizer, and specifically, it only takes about 5 minutes to load 3 tons of fertilizer.

[0060] Specifically, the controller is electrically connected to the fertilizer application unit, and can realize hierarchical control of the rotary throwing motor of the rotary throwing component 502. Through hierarchical switch control, the working state of the motor can be dynamically adjusted according to actual needs. When fertilizing low-density crops, the power output of the rotary throwing motor can be reduced to reduce the rotary throwing area of the fertilizer, thereby saving energy and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0061] As a specific implementation, the fertilizer spreading head 5 includes: a spreading head bracket 501, a rotary throwing assembly 502, and a feeding pipe 503; the spreading head bracket 501 is arranged outside the lower part of the loading bin 4, the rotary throwing assembly 502 is arranged inside the spreading head bracket 501 and there is an opening for throwing materials outside, and a feeding pipe 503 for feeding materials is arranged above the rotary throwing assembly 502;

[0062] A baffle 9 is arranged behind the loading bin 4, and the baffle 9 is suspended behind the loading bin 4 through a bracket.

[0063] Specifically, the fertilizer spreading head 5 is vertically arranged at the bottom of the loading bin 4. During operation, the fertilizer in the loading bin 4 falls into the rotary throwing assembly 502 through the feeding pipe 503, and then the rotary throwing assembly 502 rotates and throws the fertilizer near the roots of the crops; the vertical arrangement enables the fertilizer to fall naturally by gravity, simplifies the conveying process of the fertilizer from the loading bin 4 to the fertilizer spreading head 5, reduces the mechanical structure that requires additional power to push the fertilizer, thereby reducing energy consumption and failure rate;

[0064] Specifically, in order to prevent the fertilizer in the loading bin 4 from being easily affected with damp and caking, thus blocking and affecting the fertilizer discharging effect of the feeding pipe 503, a vertical electric auger is installed in the loading bin 4 to agitate and convey the fertilizer, which can ensure the feeding stability between the feeding pipe 503 and the fertilizer spreading head 5;

[0065] The electric auger is specifically a speed-regulating motor plus a drill-shaped (screw-shaped) conveying rod. Through such a design, the problem of unsmooth discharging caused by the fertilizer being stuck in the feeding pipe 503 can be effectively solved.

[0066] Specifically, a sieve is arranged at the top of the loading bin 4. When the fertilizer enters the loading bin 4, it needs to pass through screening, and only the fertilizer particles smaller than the set sieve hole size can enter the loading bin 4, which can ensure that all the fertilizer entering the bin can flow effectively.

[0067] Specifically, the loading bin 4 can also be a V-shaped long box. The design of the V-shaped bottom can promote the natural concentration of the fertilizer to the feeding pipe 503 at the bottom of the loading bin 4, make the fertilizer flow more smoothly by using natural gravity, reduce residues and improve the emptying rate, and ensure the continuity and uniformity of the fertilization operation.

[0068] Specifically, a vertical electric auger is also arranged in the auxiliary bin 6 to agitate and convey the fertilizer, which can ensure the feeding stability between the hose-type conveyors.

[0069] Specifically, an extendable and retractable bracket is arranged behind the loading bin 4, the baffle 9 can be a baffle cloth, the baffle 9 is suspended through the bracket and can adjust the height behind the loading bin 4, and extends downward in an arc shape and is arranged 3 meters away from the rear of the loading bin 4;

[0070] A number of fertilizer spreaders 5 are arranged in an arc shape at the bottom of the loading bin 4, and the spraying outlets of a number of fertilizer spreaders 5 face the baffle 9, and the spraying outlets of a number of fertilizer spreaders 5 face the two sides of the fertilizer applicator during walking;

[0071] When the fertilizer applicator is walking, the fertilizer spreader 5 behind its loading bin 4 can effectively fall into the soil behind the fertilizer applicator by spraying fertilizer outwards. Moreover, the arc-shaped extended baffle 9 can also rebound the fertilizer sprayed from the rear, making the fertilizer fall into the soil behind more evenly, and effectively ensuring the uniformity of the fertilization operation behind;

[0072] The fertilizer spreaders 5 on both sides spray the fertilizer fan-shaped outwards, making the fertilizer fall into the soil on both sides more evenly. The effective range of the fertilizer spreaders 5 on both sides is about 20 meters, and it can spray far away, making the spraying range of the fertilizer larger and falling into the soil on both sides more evenly.

[0073] Specifically, the spraying angle of a number of fertilizer spreaders 5 can be controlled to make the fertilizer spray into the sky at different angles, so that the landing points of the sprayed fertilizer are distributed in a long strip area; the boundary of the fertilizer landing points behind the fertilizer applicator is almost linearly distributed.

[0074] Specifically, since the baffle 9 is relatively large, a sliding plate needs to be provided on the bracket for support. The sliding plate can be specifically in a shape with a pointed front and a large rear; the sliding plate can also be water-floating;

[0075] Specifically, the baffle 9 can also be arranged behind the loading bin 4 through the cooperation of a supporting bracket and supporting wheels. The support rod connecting the supporting wheels is in an inverted V shape, which can effectively support a relatively large baffle 9;

[0076] The baffle 9 can also be suspended behind the loading bin 4 by a rope to suspend the entire baffle 9.

[0077] When the fertilization operation amount is small and the operation width is not greater than 25 - 35 meters, the rotation speed of the fertilizer spreader 5 can be adjusted to realize the distance of the fertilizer spraying range.

[0078] The baffle 9 is an arc-shaped structure concave towards the fertilizer applicator. The fertilizer sprayed from the fertilizer spreader 5 changes its flight direction to the left and right after hitting the arc surface of the baffle 9, thereby expanding the spraying area of the fertilizer and making the spraying more uniform at the same time.

[0079] As a specific implementation manner, the material conveying pipe 503 is also provided with a vacuum pump and / or a blower for providing the power for fertilizer conveying. The material conveying pipe 503 connects the fertilizer spreader 5 with the loading bin 4, and a number of channels for fertilizer conveying are also provided on the material conveying pipe 503.

[0080] Specifically, a vacuum pump or a blower can generate positive pressure or negative pressure, and utilize the air pressure difference to accelerate the movement of fertilizer particles in the material conveying pipe 503, which can ensure the continuity and smoothness of fertilizer transportation; the air pressure can also effectively reduce the friction and accumulation of fertilizer in the material conveying pipe 503. At the turning or diameter-changing positions, the air flow can help loosen the fertilizer particles that may adhere or block, and maintain the stable transportation state of the material conveying pipe 503.

[0081] As a specific implementation manner, the lifting mechanism 3 includes a lifting adjustment rod 301 and a lifting arm 302; the lifting adjustment rod 301 and the lifting arm 302 are respectively hinged to the main seat 2.

[0082] Specifically, a connecting plate is vertically provided at the edge of the main seat 2, and the lifting adjustment rod 301 and the lifting arm 302 are respectively hinged to the connecting plate.

[0083] Specifically, at the tail of the tractor 1, it is "three-point suspended and connected" to the main seat 2 through a lifting adjustment rod 301 and two lifting arms 302. A rectangular loading box 4 is installed on the main seat 2, and the loading box 4 is moved forward as much as possible. Such a design can hold more fertilizer and make the whole machine more balanced.

[0084] Specifically, a number of fertilizer spreading heads 5 are installed around the main seat 2 according to specific needs.

[0085] As a specific implementation manner, a camera 8 is installed on each of the left and right sides at the bottom of the loading box 4. The camera 8 can capture the working details and conditions of each fertilizer spreading head 5 from a close distance, and can also be used to monitor the overall fertilization situation in real time, so as to ensure that the operating state of each unit can be clearly observed, and problems such as blockage, fertilizer leakage or mechanical failure can be discovered in time.

[0086] Specifically, a display screen is provided on the tractor 1, and the camera 8 is electrically connected to the display screen, and the situation captured by the camera can be seen on the display screen in real time.

[0087] Specifically, a camera 8 is installed on each of the left and right sides of the main seat 2 to monitor the working conditions of each fertilizer spreading head 5, and two cameras 8 are also installed in the middle at the top of the loading box 4 to monitor the overall fertilization situation in real time.

[0088] Specifically, since the spraying range of the existing fertilizer spreading head 5 is about 20 meters and its width is 3 meters, and the length of the main seat 2 of this patent is about 2 to 3 meters, by adding the effective ranges on the left and right sides and considering the distribution of each fertilizer spreading head 5 on both sides of the main seat 2, the specific effective range can be obtained to be about 43 meters. Since each fertilizer spreading head 5 in the fertilization unit can be adjusted, its spraying width can also be freely adjusted.

[0089] In order to maximize the area of a single operation, as a specific implementation, a secondary material box 6 for counterweight is also provided in front of the tractor 1, and a hose-type feeder 7 for fertilizer transportation is provided between the secondary material box 6 and the loading box 4;

[0090] A secondary material cover is also movably provided on the top of the secondary material box 6.

[0091] Specifically, a secondary material box 6 is installed at the position where the tractor 1 is installed with counterweight. The secondary material box 6 sends fertilizer to the loading box 4 through a hose-type feeder 7. Specifically, the loading box 4 can generally hold 2 tons of materials, and the secondary material box 6 can hold 1 ton of materials; taking rice fertilization as an example, generally each fertilization does not exceed 30 catties, and specifically the single fertilization amount can be 30 catties. Through the single cooperation of the secondary material box 6 and the loading box 4 for adding fertilizer, the fertilization of 200 mu of paddy fields can be achieved.

[0092] Embodiment 2

[0093] As Figures 1-4 shown, this embodiment discloses a fertilizer applicator for large-area planting, including: a tractor 1, a main seat 2, a lifting mechanism 3, a loading box 4, a fertilizer application unit, and a controller; the main seat 2 is connected to the tail of the tractor 1 through the lifting mechanism 3. The main seat 2 is provided with a loading box 4. The bottom of the loading box 4 is provided with several fertilizer application units. The fertilizer application unit includes at least 2 fertilizer spreading heads 5. By controlling and adjusting the opening and closing of the fertilizer spreading heads 5 and adjusting the spraying angle, the distribution of the fertilizer landing points sprayed out is adjusted; the controller is electrically connected to the fertilizer application unit.

[0094] As a specific implementation, the loading box 4 includes a loading basket 401, a loading cover 402, and a movable limit lock 403; the loading cover 402 is arranged on the top of the loading basket 401 through a slider and can slide along the wall direction of the loading basket 401; the movable limit lock 403 is arranged above the loading basket 401 and is used to fix the loading basket 401 and the loading cover 402;

[0095] A limit block is provided on the loading cover 402, and the movable limit lock 403 can be movably and fixedly connected to the limit block.

[0096] Specifically, the loading cover 402 is arranged on the loading basket 401 through a slider and can slide along the basket wall. Such a design allows the user to easily input fertilizer from above in a large opening, and at the same time avoids additional space requirements during the sliding opening and closing process, making the loading process more flexible and efficient;

[0097] When the fertilizer loading is completed, slide the loading cover 402 to close it, and use the movable limit lock 403 to lock the loading basket 401 and the loading cover 402 by buckling, which can further enhance the sealing performance of the loading box 4, effectively prevent the leakage of fertilizer during transportation, and also prevent the fertilizer from spilling or potential danger to the operator caused by the accidental opening of the loading cover 402.

[0098] Specifically, the outlet angle of the fertilizer spreading head 5 can also be adjusted, so as to adjust the distance of the fertilizer sprayed by the fertilizer spreading head 5, and effectively make the fertilizer spraying more uniform.

[0099] As a specific implementation manner, an adjusting plate 504 can also be movably connected to the opening for throwing materials outside the spreading head bracket 501, and the adjusting plate 504 is rotatably connected to the opening of the spreading head bracket 501 through a live pin.

[0100] Specifically, an adjusting plate 504 is also movably connected to the opening for throwing materials outside the spreading head bracket 501. By rotating the tilting degree of the adjusting plate 504, the tilting degree of the discharge port of the fertilizer spreading head 5 is adjusted, so that the sprayed fertilizers are basically in the same straight line, thereby controlling the fertilizer landing point and ensuring that the fertilizers can be evenly and effectively landed on the crop roots or the designated area, avoiding waste and direct damage to the crops.

[0101] Specifically, in order to basically spray the fertilizers into the same line, the front-back position and height of the fertilizer spreading head 5 installed can also be adjusted, so that the fertilizers in the loading box 4 can smoothly enter the fertilizer spreading head 5.

[0102] As Figure 3 shown, specifically, the fertilizer spreading head 5 on the side of the loading box 4 can also be bent and adjusted, so that the direction of the fertilizer spreading head 5 is set backward. Through the synchronous operation of multiple fertilizer spreading heads 5, the landing points of the sprayed fertilizers are distributed in an almost straight line or a long strip area.

[0103] Embodiment 3

[0104] As Figures 1-4 shown, this embodiment discloses a control system for a fertilizer applicator for large-area planting. The control system is divided into three-level integrated control;

[0105] The third-level control is carried out by an integrated circuit for multiple three-level switch controls. The control circuits of the three-level switches are respectively electrically connected to a plurality of specific rotary throwing components 502 provided at the bottom of the loading box 4;

[0106] The second-level control is carried out by an integrated circuit for multiple two-level switch controls. The control circuits of the two-level switches are respectively electrically connected to the fertilizer application groups; a plurality of the fertilizer spreading heads 5 provided at the bottom of the loading box 4 form a fertilizer application group;

[0107] The first-level control is carried out by an integrated circuit for a main switch control. The control circuits of multiple two-level switches are electrically connected to the main switch circuit.

[0108] Specifically, the control system is divided into three-level integrated control and electrically connected to the rotary throwing motors of the rotary throwing components 502. The three-level integrated control can realize more delicate operation management of the rotary throwing motors;

[0109] Specifically, the first level is responsible for overall macro-control of all the rotary throwing motors arranged around the bottom of the loading bin 4, the second level is responsible for controlling the fertilizing group at the bottom of the loading bin 4, and the third level is responsible for controlling a single rotary throwing motor;

[0110] Through hierarchical control, the working state of the motor can be dynamically adjusted according to actual needs. When fertilizing low-density crops, the power output of the rotary throwing motor can be reduced, so that the rotary throwing area of the fertilizer is reduced, thereby saving energy and extending the service life of the equipment.

[0111] As a specific implementation manner, the rotary throwing assembly 502 includes a rotary throwing head and a rotary throwing motor. The output shaft of the rotary throwing motor is drivingly connected to the rotary throwing head, and the control system is electrically connected to the rotary throwing motor of the rotary throwing assembly 502 respectively.

[0112] Specifically, by separately controlling the three-stage switch circuit, the power output of the rotary throwing motor can be controlled, so as to control the rotary throwing speed of the rotary throwing head for the fertilizer, and further the fertilizing amplitude and fertilizing orientation can be adjusted flexibly and agilely.

[0113] Specifically, the electric auger is also connected to the control system and works synchronously with multiple groups of fertilizing spreaders 5.

[0114] Specifically, since the edges of farmland are often ridges, roads or non-plantable areas, when the tractor approaches the edge of the farmland, the rotary throwing assembly 502 spraying towards the edge of the farmland can be turned off through the control system, which can avoid unnecessary diffusion of fertilizers to these non-crop areas, save resources and reduce costs.

[0115] Working principle

[0116] During installation, first connect the main seat 2 behind the tractor 1 through the lifting mechanism 3. The loading bin 4 is installed on the main seat 2. A number of fertilizing units are installed around the bottom of the loading bin 4, and then the number of fertilizing spreaders 5 to be installed by the fertilizing units is adjusted according to the width of effective fertilizer spraying.

[0117] During operation, when the number and installation angle of the fertilizing units meet the requirements, the sprayed fertilizers are distributed in a fan shape; at this time, slow down the traveling speed of the tractor 1, adjust the fertilizer spraying rate, and adjust the fertilizer spraying to be almost in a straight line, so as to accurately fertilize near the roots of the crops, reduce waste and improve fertilizer efficiency; specifically, the actual fertilizer spraying situation can be determined according to the preset route and crops to achieve precise control of the operation of the fertilizer machine.

[0118] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present utility model are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present utility model, rather than limitations on the implementation manners of the present utility model. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all implementation manners here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model shall be included within the protection scope of the claims of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A fertilizer applicator for large-scale planting, characterized in that: include: A tractor (1), a main frame (2), a lifting mechanism (3), a charging box (4), a fertilizer unit and a controller; the main frame (2) is connected to the rear of the tractor (1) via the lifting mechanism (3); the main frame (2) is provided with a charging box (4); a plurality of fertilizer units are provided at the bottom of the charging box (4); the fertilizer unit comprises at least two fertilizer spreading heads (5); and the distribution of the fertilizer drop points sprayed is adjusted by controlling the opening and closing of the fertilizer spreading heads (5) and adjusting the spraying angle; and the controller is electrically connected to the fertilizer unit.

2. The fertilizer spreader for large-area planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizing sprinkler head (5) comprises: a sprinkler head bracket (501), a rotary throwing assembly (502) and a material conveying pipe (503); the sprinkler head bracket (501) is arranged outside below the charging box (4); the sprinkler head bracket (501) is provided with a rotary throwing assembly (502) inside and an opening for throwing materials outside; and a material conveying pipe (503) for feeding materials is provided above the rotary throwing assembly (502); A baffle plate (9) is arranged at the rear of the charging box (4), and the baffle plate (9) is suspended at the rear of the charging box (4) through a bracket.

3. The fertilizer spreader for large-area planting according to claim 2, characterized in that: The conveying pipe (503) is also provided with a vacuum pump and / or a blower for providing power for conveying fertilizers. The conveying pipe (503) connects the fertilizer spreading head (5) with the loading box (4). The conveying pipe (503) is also provided with a plurality of channels for conveying fertilizers.

4. The fertilizer spreader for large-area planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism (3) comprises a lifting adjustment rod (301) and a lifting arm (302); the lifting adjustment rod (301) and the lifting arm (302) are respectively hinged to the main machine base (2).

5. The fertilizer spreader for large-area planting according to claim 4, characterized in that: A connecting plate is vertically arranged on the edge of the main engine base, and the lifting and lowering regulating rod and the lifting arm are respectively hinged to the connecting plate.

6. The fertilizer spreader for large-area planting according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front of the tractor (1) is also provided with an auxiliary material box (6) for counterweight, and a hose-type conveyor for fertilizer transportation is provided between the auxiliary material box (6) and the charging box (4); the top of the auxiliary material box (6) is also provided with an auxiliary material cover.

7. The fertilizer spreader for large-area planting according to claim 6, characterized in that: A vertical electric agitator is arranged in the loading box (4) and / or the auxiliary material box (6) to stir and deliver the fertilizer, thereby achieving stable delivery from the delivery pipe (503) to the fertilizer spreading head (5).

8. The fertilizer applicator for large-area planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left and right sides of the main frame (2) or the charging box (4), and / or the top rear side of the charging box (4) are equipped with cameras (8), and the cameras (8) can capture the working conditions of each fertilizer spreading head (5) from a close distance.

9. The fertilizer spreader for large-area planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The charging box (4) comprises a charging basket (401), a charging cover (402) and a movable limit lock (403); the charging cover (402) is arranged on the top of the charging basket (401) through a slider and can slide along the wall direction of the charging basket (401); the movable limit lock (403) is arranged above the charging basket (401) and is used to fix the charging basket (401) and the charging cover (402); The loading cover (402) is provided with a limit block, and the movable limit lock (403) can be movably fixedly connected to the limit block.

10. The fertilizer spreader for large-area planting according to claim 2, characterized in that: The opening on the outside of the scattering head bracket (501) for throwing materials can also be movably connected to an adjustment plate (504), and the adjustment plate (504) can be rotatably connected to the opening of the scattering head bracket (501) through a movable pin.

11. The fertilizer spreader for large-area planting according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spinning and polishing assembly (502) comprises a spinning and polishing head and a spinning and polishing motor, wherein the output shaft of the spinning and polishing motor is drivingly connected to the spinning and polishing head.

12. A control system for a fertilizer spreader for large-area planting using any one of claims 2 to 11, characterized in that: The control system is divided into three levels of integrated control; The third level control is performed by an integrated circuit to control a plurality of three-level switches, and the control circuits of the three-level switches are respectively electrically connected to a plurality of specific rotary throwing components (502) provided at the bottom of the charging box (4); The second-level control is performed by an integrated circuit to control a plurality of secondary switches, and the control circuits of the secondary switches are electrically connected to the fertilization groups respectively; a plurality of fertilization heads (5) arranged at the bottom of the charging box (4) form a fertilization group; The first-level control is performed by an integrated circuit for overall switch control, and the control circuits of the plurality of secondary switches are electrically connected to the overall switch circuit.

Images