Multi-radio frequency function multiplexing reconfigurable transmitting channel circuit architecture

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multi-radio-frequency function multiplexing reconfigurable transmitting channel circuit architecture. The multi-radio-frequency function multiplexing reconfigurable transmitting channel circuit architecture comprises an indirect lightning protection unit, a pre-excitation unit, an excitation unit, a power amplifier unit, a duplex unit, a direct lightning protection unit and a dynamic reconfiguration management unit, the indirect lightning protection unit is used for suppressing lightning signals coupled with a cable connected with the transmitted and input radio frequency excitation signals and preventing a transmitting channel from being damaged; the front-end radio frequency functions of ATC, ADSB, DME, DME / P, TCAS, TACAN, IFF, JTIDS, RA systems and P-band related communication systems can be highly and effectively integrated, the design of light weight, low power consumption and integration is realized, the utilization rate of transmitting channel resources is improved, the integrated system is helped to realize high integration, integration and management of each discrete device or subsystem, and the cost is reduced. Therefore, the sensing capability of the avionics system to the air situation is further enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of integrated avionics systems, and particularly relates to a multi-radio-frequency function multiplexing and reconfigurable transmitting channel circuit architecture. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of integrated avionics systems, there is a need for radio-frequency function integration in the radio-frequency front-ends of various general or special communication, navigation, identification, radar, electronic warfare and other systems and subsystems, so as to reduce the weight, power consumption and size of avionics systems, improve resource utilization rate, realize the highly integrated, integrated and managed functions of each function, and further enhance the air situation perception ability of avionics systems.

[0003] Traditional avionics systems are all discrete devices or subsystems, and each discrete device or subsystem has an independent radio-frequency front-end, which only has the ability to process signals within the function system of its own system, and does not have the conditions for radio-frequency transmission integration of multi-system functions.

[0004] At present, for the equipment or subsystems of the integrated avionics systems in China, the radio-frequency function integration degree of the front-end transmitting channel for the system is still insufficient. The main reasons are that the working frequency bands of the front-end radio-frequency functions of the equipment or subsystems of avionics systems are too wide, the output power is large (usually above hundreds of watts), the response speed requirements of some radio-frequency functions are too fast, and the signal systems are different. Moreover, there is no ultra-wideband power amplifier device applicable to high power and high duty cycle. Therefore, the front-end radio-frequency functions of the existing equipment or subsystems of avionics systems can only design the transmitting channel by combining different frequency bands and different radio-frequency functions respectively, resulting in insufficient radio-frequency function integration degree of the integrated avionics systems or subsystems, and ineffective control of volume, weight and power consumption.

[0005] When integrating the radio-frequency front-end transmitting channels for functions such as air traffic control (ATC A / B / C / D / S modes), automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS_B), distance measuring equipment (DME), precision distance measuring (DME / P), traffic alert and collision avoidance system (TCAS), tactical air navigation (TACAN), identification friend or foe (IFF), joint tactical information distribution system (JTIDS), radio altimeter (RA) system functions and P-band related communication functions, the transmitting channel needs to simultaneously meet the capabilities of modulating and amplifying signals with different frequency bands and different systems, as well as the characteristics of high transmission duty cycle, pulse width, peak power after radio-frequency function integration of different systems and the ability of rapid switching of each radio-frequency function. At the same time, the design of the transmitting channel needs to meet the integrated characteristics of lightweight and low power consumption. However, there is currently no transmitting channel that can integrate the radio-frequency functions of ATC, ADS_B, DME, DME / P, TCAS, TACAN, IFF, JTIDS, RA systems and P-band related communication systems.

[0006] In view of the current RF integration development requirements and existing deficiencies of the RF front-end of integrated avionics systems, and to meet the RF transmission requirements of each system function in integrated avionics systems, a transmit channel that can be quickly reconfigured is needed. The transmit channel can quickly reconfigure RF functions and RF electrical performance characteristics according to the RF transmission needs of system functions, so as to achieve the purpose of multiplexing multiple RF functions on the same transmit channel. For this reason, the present invention proposes a reconfigurable transmit channel circuit architecture for multiplexing multiple RF functions. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a reconfigurable transmit channel circuit architecture for multiplexing multiple RF functions to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A reconfigurable transmit channel circuit architecture for multiplexing multiple RF functions, including: an indirect lightning protection unit, a pre-excitation unit, an excitation unit, a power amplifier unit, a duplex unit, a direct lightning protection unit, and a dynamic reconfiguration management unit;

[0009] The input end of the indirect lightning protection unit is connected to an externally input RF excitation signal, and the output end is connected to the pre-excitation unit; the cable connected to transmit the input RF excitation signal will couple lightning signals. The indirect lightning protection unit is used to suppress the lightning signals coupled by the cable connected to transmit the input RF excitation signal to prevent damage to the transmit channel;

[0010] The output end of the pre-excitation unit is connected to the excitation unit and is also connected to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit and is controlled by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit; the pre-excitation unit performs state detection, filtering, power adjustment, pulse modulation, low-noise amplification, and isolation on the input RF excitation signal, and then outputs it to the excitation unit;

[0011] The output of the excitation unit is connected to the power amplifier unit and is also connected to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit and is controlled by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit; the excitation unit performs broadband medium-power amplification and power adjustment on the RF signal input by the pre-excitation unit, and then outputs it to the power amplifier unit;

[0012] The output of the power amplifier unit is connected to the duplex unit and is also connected to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit and is controlled by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit; the power amplifier unit allocates power amplification channels according to the system function frequency band, output power amplification, and modulation requirements, and then performs high-power amplification, and then outputs it to the duplex unit;

[0013] The output end of the duplex unit is connected to the direct lightning protection unit, which mainly realizes the functions of transceiver function conversion, filtering, power detection, and waveform detection in the transmitting channel; the duplex unit performs transceiver isolation and filtering on the high-power radio frequency signals output by the power amplifier unit and then outputs them to the direct lightning protection unit; the duplex unit filters and limits the received radio frequency signals input by the direct lightning protection unit and then outputs them.

[0014] The output of the direct lightning protection unit is connected to the antenna of the system function. It mainly suppresses the lightning surge signals that may come from the antenna end, clamps the lightning surge signals within the acceptable level range of the transmitting channel, and prevents the transmitting channel from being burned out.

[0015] The dynamic reconfiguration management unit is connected to the pre-excitation unit, excitation unit, and power amplifier unit. According to different system function requirements, it controls the functions of input excitation state signal detection, filtering, power adjustment, and pulse modulation of the pre-excitation unit, and controls the functions of input pre-excitation signal detection, output excitation signal detection, medium-power amplification, and power adjustment of the excitation unit; it controls the functions of power amplification channel allocation, high-power amplification, bell-shaped pulse modulation, power detection, and waveform detection of the power amplifier unit.

[0016] Preferably, the state detection function of the pre-excitation unit performs power coupling and power detection on the input radio frequency excitation signal, and then outputs it to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit as a criterion for determining whether the input radio frequency excitation signal meets the design requirements under different system functions.

[0017] The filtering function of the pre-excitation unit adjusts the transmission characteristics of the filter according to the frequency of the input radio frequency excitation signal, and suppresses harmonics and spurs of the radio frequency excitation signal.

[0018] The power adjustment function of the pre-excitation unit adjusts the power of the input radio frequency excitation signals with different amplitudes under different functions, so that the pre-excitation unit can adapt to the input of radio frequency excitation signals with different amplitudes in a wide range, meet the excitation input under different system functions, and provide a stable excitation signal for the excitation unit.

[0019] The pulse modulation function of the pre-excitation unit is controlled by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit. It can perform narrow pulse and wide pulse modulation according to different system function requirements to achieve the output of different pulses and duty cycles; the pulse modulation function can realize the response pulse modulation of the ATC and ADS_B system functions and the pulse pre-modulation of the DME, DME / P, TCAS, TACAN, IFF, JTIDS, RA systems, and P-band related communication functions.

[0020] The low-noise amplification of the pre-excitation unit realizes broadband amplification and can adapt to the excitation signals in the frequency bands of each system function.

[0021] The isolation function of the pre-excitation unit is to improve the port standing wave matching of the radio frequency connection between the pre-excitation unit and the excitation unit, and prevent the deterioration of the quality of the transmitted radio frequency signal or the failure of the active amplification device caused by the mismatch of the connection port.

[0022] Preferably, the excitation unit has the functions of power coupling and power detection for the input and output radio frequency signals, and then outputs them to the dynamic reconstruction management unit, which is used as the basis for controlling and adjusting the radio frequency power magnitude input to the power amplifier unit under different system functions, realizing the power adjustment function, and further controlling the output power of the entire transmission channel; the excitation unit performs power coupling and power detection on the input and output radio frequency signals, and then outputs them to the dynamic reconstruction management unit, which can also be used as the basis for fault detection of the pre-excitation unit and the excitation unit;

[0023] The bias voltage of the microwave power tube for broadband medium-power amplification in the excitation unit is controlled by the dynamic reconstruction management unit; the dynamic reconstruction management unit adjusts the static operating point through the bias voltage of the microwave power tube, and then changes the amplification types A, AB, and C of the microwave power tube, linear gain, power gain, saturated output power, output P -1 Power, power added efficiency PAE characteristics, and finally achieve the ability to change the amplification types of the excitation unit including A, AB, and C, linear gain, power gain, saturated output power, output P -1 Power, efficiency channel characteristics; through the combination of channel characteristic parameters, the ability to amplify different system function signals of different systems is realized;

[0024] The dynamic reconstruction management unit performs pulse modulation on the bias voltage of the microwave power tube in the excitation unit. When the system function is transmitting, the gate voltage and drain voltage of the microwave power tube are turned on in advance by the excitation signal; when the system function transmission ends, the gate voltage and drain voltage of the microwave power tube are turned off after the excitation signal; when the system function is silent or receiving, the gate voltage and drain voltage of the microwave power tube are turned off; the static power consumption of the microwave power tube is reduced, and thus the overall power consumption of the excitation unit is reduced.

[0025] Preferably, the power amplifier unit includes a selection switch A, a P-band power amplifier branch, an L-band power amplifier branch, a C-band power amplifier branch, a selection switch B, a broadband coupler, and a detector;

[0026] The common terminal of the selection switch A is connected to the output terminal of the excitation unit, and the other three RF ports are respectively connected to the input terminals of the P-band power amplifier branch, the L-band power amplifier branch, and the C-band power amplifier branch; the selection switch A is controlled by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit, and the dynamic reconfiguration management unit selects one of the P-band power amplifier branch, the L-band power amplifier branch, and the C-band power amplifier branch according to the frequency band required for power amplification of the RF functions of each system; the switching speed of the selection switch A is not greater than 2 μs, the power capacity is not less than 48 dBm, the operating frequency covers the P-band, the L-band, and the C-band, and the insertion loss is not greater than 0.7 dB;

[0027] The common terminal of the selection switch B is connected to the input terminal of the broadband coupler, and the other three RF ports are respectively connected to the output terminals of the P-band power amplifier branch, the L-band power amplifier branch, and the C-band power amplifier branch;

[0028] The P-band power amplifier branch completes the power amplification function of the relevant communication system in the P-band;

[0029] The L-band power amplifier branch completes the power amplification function of the relevant communication, navigation, and identification systems in the L-band;

[0030] The C-band power amplifier branch completes the power amplification function of the C-band radio altimeter system;

[0031] The broadband coupler couples the RF signal input by the selection switch B;

[0032] The detector detects the RF signal input to the coupling end of the broadband coupler, converts the RF power into a voltage value and then outputs it to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit, and can achieve a power detection accuracy of ±1 dB for the power amplifier unit; each power amplification channel is composed of high-power microwave power tubes in cascade or parallel, so that the final output of the transmitting channel reaches the required value of the peak power of the system function, and then is respectively output to the duplex unit.

[0033] Preferably, the bias voltage of the microwave power tube for high-power amplification of the power amplifier unit is controlled by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit; the dynamic reconfiguration management unit adjusts the static operating point through the bias voltage of the microwave power tube, thereby changing the amplification type of the microwave power tube, including class A, class AB, and class C, linear gain, power gain, saturation output power, output P -1 Power, power added efficiency PAE characteristics, and finally achieve changes in the amplification type, linear gain, power gain, saturation output power, output P -1 Power, and the channel characteristics of efficiency; through the combination of channel characteristic parameters, the ability to amplify different system function signals of different systems is realized.

[0034] Preferably, the dynamic reconfiguration management unit also performs pulse modulation on the bias voltage of the microwave power tube of the power amplifier unit. When the system function is transmitting, the excitation signal is advanced to turn on the grid voltage and drain voltage of the microwave power tube; when the system function transmission ends, the excitation signal is delayed to turn off the grid voltage and drain voltage of the microwave power tube; when the system function is in a silent state or receiving, the grid voltage and drain voltage of the microwave power tube are turned off; through the pulse modulation of the bias voltage of the microwave power tube by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit, the static power consumption of the microwave power tube is reduced, and thus the overall power consumption of the power amplifier unit is reduced.

[0035] Preferably, when the power amplifier unit operates in DME, DME / P, and TACAN function systems, the microwave power tubes of the L-band power amplifier branch are controlled by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit; the dynamic reconfiguration management unit outputs a bell-shaped pulse waveform voltage, which is modulated by the microwave power tubes with bell-shaped pulses, so that the power amplifier unit outputs an interrogation pulse waveform that meets the corresponding DME, DME / P, and TACAN function systems.

[0036] The broadband coupler of the power amplifier unit couples the power of the output radio frequency signal, and the power is detected by the detector and then output to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit, which can also be used as the basis for the fault detection of the power amplifier unit.

[0037] The filtering function of the duplex unit mainly suppresses signals outside the working frequency bands of each system function, reduces spurious emissions and harmonic emissions in the transmit channel, and also suppresses out-of-band spurs and image frequencies of the input received radio frequency signal.

[0038] The transmit-receive isolation function of the duplex unit can reduce the leakage signal intensity of the transmit signal to the receive output, reduce the interference to the receive channel of the function system in the transmit state of the transmit channel, and thus reduce the sensitivity of the receive channel.

[0039] The limiting function of the duplex unit is to prevent the leakage signal from the transmit signal to the receive output from being too strong, which may cause the front-end devices of the receive channel of the function system to burn out; at the same time, when there is a mismatch in the RF link at the rear end of the duplex unit output, the reflected power will be limited within the maximum input power allowed at the front end of the receive channel of the function system, preventing the front-end devices of the receive channel from burning out.

[0040] Preferably, the limiting function of the duplex unit can prevent the antenna of the function system from being exposed to a high-intensity radiation field environment. The spatial electromagnetic signal received by the antenna is output to the receive channel of the function system through the duplex unit, which may cause the front-end devices of the receive channel of the function system to burn out, and improve the electromagnetic protection ability of the system function.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: In view of the development requirements of integrated avionics, the present invention provides a multi-radio-frequency function multiplexing and reconfigurable transmit channel circuit architecture, which can highly effectively integrate the front-end radio-frequency functions of ATC, ADS_B, DME, DME / P, TCAS, TACAN, IFF, JTIDS, RA systems and P-band related communication systems, realizing lightweight, low-power and integrated design, improving the utilization rate of transmit channel resources, and helping the integrated system to highly integrate, integrate and manage each discrete device or subsystem, thereby further enhancing the air situation awareness ability of the avionics system.

[0042] The multi-radio-frequency function multiplexing and reconfigurable transmit channel circuit architecture proposed by the present invention has the ability to modulate and amplify signals of different frequency bands and different systems, as well as the characteristics of high transmit duty cycle, pulse width, high peak power after integrating radio-frequency functions adapted to different systems and the ability to quickly switch between radio-frequency functions. It is also applicable to radar and electronic warfare systems with the same type of signal system, frequency band and power level, and has broad application prospects for further integrating radar and electronic warfare systems in future integrated avionics.

[0043] The multi-radio-frequency function multiplexing and reconfigurable transmit channel circuit architecture proposed by the present invention has the ability of lightning protection, which helps the integrated avionics to work normally in a lightning environment without being damaged, and can greatly improve the anti-risk ability of the aircraft when being struck by lightning during flight.

[0044] The multi-radio-frequency function multiplexing and reconfigurable transmit channel circuit architecture proposed by the present invention has the ability of electromagnetic protection, which can enable the integrated avionics system to have anti-interference and anti-burning capabilities in complex electromagnetic environments and high-intensity radiation field environments, thereby enhancing the aircraft's ability to perform flight missions in complex electromagnetic environments and high-intensity radiation field environments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a multi-radio-frequency function multiplexing and reconfigurable transmit channel circuit architecture provided by the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the indirect lightning protection unit in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the pre-excitation unit in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the excitation unit in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the high-power digital control attenuator in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the power amplifier unit in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of selection switch A & selection switch B in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the duplex unit in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the direct lightning protection unit in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] In the figure: 1, indirect lightning protection unit; 2, pre-excitation unit; 3, excitation unit; 4, power amplifier unit; 5, duplex unit; 6, direct lightning protection unit; 7, dynamic reconfiguration management unit;

[0055] 41, selection switch A; 42, P-band power amplifier branch; 43, L-band power amplifier branch; 44, C-band power amplifier branch; 45, selection switch B; 46, broadband coupler; 47, detector. Specific embodiments

[0056] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0057] In view of the current RF integration development requirements and existing deficiencies of the RF front-end of the integrated avionics system, in order to meet the RF transmission requirements of each system function of the integrated avionics system, a reconfigurable transmission channel is needed to quickly reconfigure the RF function and RF electrical performance characteristics according to the RF transmission needs of the system function, so as to achieve the purpose of multiplexing multiple RF functions on the same transmission channel.

[0058] According to a reconfigurable transmission channel circuit architecture with multiplexing of multiple RF functions provided by the present invention, highly effective integration of the RF functions of ATC, ADS_B, DME, DME / P, TCAS, TACAN, IFF, JTIDS, RA systems and P-band related communication systems is achieved, realizing lightweight and low-power design, and at the same time having the capabilities of lightning protection and electromagnetic protection, and is also applicable to radar and electronic warfare systems with the same type of signal system, frequency band and power level.

[0059] The present invention discloses a reconfigurable transmission channel circuit architecture with multiplexing of multiple RF functions, such asFigure 1 As shown in the figure. The present invention includes: an indirect lightning protection unit 1, a pre-excitation unit 2, an excitation unit 3, a power amplifier unit 4, a duplex unit 5, a direct lightning protection unit 6, and a dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7. The power amplifier unit 4 includes a selection switch A41, a P-band power amplifier branch 42, an L-band power amplifier branch 43, a C-band power amplifier branch 44, a selection switch B45, a broadband coupler 46, and a detector 47.

[0060] In the present invention, the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 controls and manages the working states of the pre-excitation unit 2, the excitation unit 3, and the power amplifier unit 4 to achieve fast dynamic reconfiguration of the transmitting channel. Through fast dynamic reconfiguration, the transmitting channel can quickly reconfigure the radio frequency function and radio frequency electrical performance characteristics according to the transmitting requirements of the radio frequency functions of each system, so as to achieve the purpose that the transmitting channel adapts to the power amplification of signals with different frequencies and different systems, as well as different transmission duty cycles, pulse widths, and peak power outputs.

[0061] The input end of the indirect lightning protection unit 1 is connected to the externally input radio frequency excitation signal, and the output end is connected to the pre-excitation unit 2. The indirect lightning protection unit 1 mainly suppresses the coupled lightning signals to prevent damage to the transmitting channel.

[0062] The output end of the pre-excitation unit 2 is connected to the excitation unit 3 and is also connected to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 and is controlled by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7. The pre-excitation unit 2 mainly performs state detection, filtering, power adjustment, pulse modulation, low-noise amplification, and isolation on the input radio frequency excitation signal, and then outputs it to the excitation unit 3.

[0063] The output of the excitation unit 3 is connected to the power amplifier unit 4 and is also connected to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 and is controlled by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7. The excitation unit 3 mainly performs broadband medium-power amplification and power adjustment on the radio frequency signal input by the pre-excitation unit 2, and then outputs it to the power amplifier unit 4.

[0064] The output of the power amplifier unit 4 is connected to the duplex unit 5 and is also connected to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 and is controlled by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7. The power amplifier unit 4 distributes the power amplification channels according to the system function frequency band, output power amplification, and modulation requirements, and then performs high-power amplification, and then outputs it to the duplex unit 5.

[0065] The output end of the duplex unit 5 is connected to the direct lightning protection unit 6, which mainly realizes the functions of transceiver function conversion, filtering, power detection, and waveform detection of the transmitting channel. The duplex unit 5 performs transceiver isolation and filtering processing on the high-power radio frequency signal output by the power amplifier unit 4 and then outputs it to the direct lightning protection unit 6. The duplex unit 5 filters and limits the received radio frequency signal input by the direct lightning protection unit 6 and then outputs it.

[0066] The antenna that is connected to the output of the direct lightning protection unit 6 functions mainly to suppress the lightning surge signals that may come from the antenna end, clamp the lightning surge signals within the acceptable level range of the transmitting channel, and prevent the transmitting channel from being burned out.

[0067] The dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 is connected to the pre-excitation unit 2, the excitation unit 3, and the power amplifier unit 4. According to different system function requirements, it controls the input excitation state signal detection, filtering, power adjustment, and pulse modulation functions of the pre-excitation unit 2, and controls the input pre-excitation signal detection, output excitation signal detection, medium-power amplification, and power adjustment functions of the excitation unit 3; it controls the power amplification channel allocation, high-power amplification, bell-shaped pulse modulation, power detection, and waveform detection functions of the power amplifier unit 4.

[0068] The following further describes an indirectly lightning protection unit 1, a pre-excitation unit 2, an excitation unit 3, a power amplifier unit 4, a duplex unit 5, a direct lightning protection unit 6, and a dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 that are components of a multi-radio-frequency function multiplexing and reconfigurable transmitting channel circuit architecture provided by the embodiments of the present application.

[0069] A multi-radio-frequency function multiplexing and reconfigurable transmitting channel circuit architecture provided by the embodiments of the present application highly effectively integrates the radio-frequency functions of ATC, ADS_B, DME, DME / P, TCAS, TACAN, IFF, JTIDS, RA systems, and P-band related communication systems, and is also applicable to radar and electronic warfare systems with the same type of signal system, frequency band, and power level. At the same time, it has the capabilities of lightning protection and electromagnetic protection. The frequency coverage is P-band, L-band, and C-band.

[0070] The parameters of the following described various types of devices are all typical values.

[0071] Refer to Figure 2 As shown, the indirectly lightning protection unit 1 includes a transmission line 10, a gas discharge tube 11, and a limiter 12. The input excitation signal is connected to one input end of the transmission line 10, the output end of the transmission line is connected to the input end of the limiter 12, and the middle position from the input to the output of the transmission line 10 is connected to one end of the gas discharge tube 11. The other end of the gas discharge tube 11 is connected to the ground, and the output end of the limiter 12 is connected to the input end of the pre-excitation unit 2.

[0072] The gas discharge tube 11 provides primary lightning protection for the indirectly lightning protection unit 1, and the limiter 12 provides secondary lightning protection for the indirectly lightning protection unit 1. The gas discharge tube 11 clamps the lightning surge signals at the kilovolt voltage level to the hundred-volt voltage level, and then the limiter 12 limits the amplitude to control the output power to be lower than the maximum input power that the input end of the pre-excitation unit 2 can withstand. The transmission line 10 is a microstrip transmission line with a characteristic impedance of 50Ω and is used for impedance matching of the gas discharge tube 11 welding.

[0073] Preferably, the limiter 12 is a high-power GaAs VPIN limiter. The amplitude of the lightning surge signal limited by the limiter 12 is not greater than 17 dBm, and the loss of the RF signal is not greater than 0.7 dB.

[0074] After the indirect lightning protection unit 1 suppresses the lightning surge signal, the signal output to the pre-excitation unit 2 is not greater than 17 dBm. At the same time, it suppresses the RF signal in a wider frequency range, making the output level not greater than 17 dBm, providing strong anti-burning ability for the input end of the transmitting channel.

[0075] The maximum output level of the indirect lightning protection unit 1 is not greater than 17 dBm, and the loss of the RF signal is not greater than 0.7 dB.

[0076] Refer to Figure 3 As shown, the pre-excitation unit 2 includes a broadband coupler 20, an electrically tunable filter 21, a digital control attenuator 22, an RF switch 23, an RF switch 24, an electrically tunable filter 25, a low-noise amplifier 26, a driver amplifier 27, an isolator 28, and a detector 29.

[0077] The input end of the broadband coupler 20 is connected to the output end of the indirect lightning protection unit 1. The through end is connected to the input end of the electrically tunable filter 21, and the coupled end is connected to the input end of the detector 29. The operating frequency of the broadband coupler 20 covers the requirements of the transmitting channel, and the coupling degree is 20 dB.

[0078] The output end of the electrically tunable filter 21 is connected to the digital control attenuator 22, and the control end is connected to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7. It filters the input RF signal according to the system function, adjusts the transmission characteristics of the filter according to the frequency of the input RF signal, and performs harmonic suppression and spurious suppression on the RF signal in segments.

[0079] The output end of the digital control attenuator 22 is connected to the RF switch 23, and the control end is connected to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7. The dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 controls the attenuation amount of the digital control attenuator 22 through a 6-bit parallel port. The attenuation range is 0.5 dB to 31.5 dB, and the attenuation step is 0.5 dB to achieve the purpose of power adjustment.

[0080] The RF switch 23 and the RF switch 24 are cascaded. The output end is connected to the electrically tunable filter 25, and the control end is connected to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7. The dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 modulates or pre-modulates the RF signal according to the needs of the system RF function through discrete control signals, achieving a modulation depth of not less than 90 dB and the rising / falling edge of the modulated RF signal can reach the 10 ns level, and can quickly complete the modulation of narrow pulses.

[0081] The output end of the electronically tunable filter 25 is connected to the low-noise amplifier 26, and the control end is connected to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7. It filters the input radio frequency signal according to the system function, adjusts the transmission characteristics of the filter according to the frequency of the input radio frequency signal, and suppresses harmonics and spurs for the radio frequency signal in segments.

[0082] The output end of the low-noise amplifier 26 is connected to the driver amplifier 27, which performs low-noise amplification on the radio frequency signal output by the radio frequency switch 24 and provides a linear gain of 18 dB.

[0083] The output end of the driver amplifier 27 is connected to the isolator 28, which performs linear or saturated amplification on the radio frequency signal output by the low-noise amplifier 26, provides a linear gain of 14.5 dB, and makes the maximum saturated output power (Psat) reach 31 dBm.

[0084] The output of the isolator 28 is connected to the input end of the excitation unit 3, which mainly improves the standing wave matching of the radio frequency connection between the driver amplifier 27 and the input end of the excitation unit 3, and prevents the failure of the driver amplifier 27 caused by the deterioration of the quality of the transmitted radio frequency signal or the mismatch of the connection port.

[0085] The output end of the detector 29 is connected to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7. It detects the radio frequency signal input at the coupled end of the broadband coupler 20, converts the radio frequency power into a voltage value and then outputs it to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7. It can achieve a power detection accuracy of ±1 dB for the input excitation signal and be used as a criterion for whether the input radio frequency excitation signal meets the design requirements under different system functions.

[0086] The amplitude of the signal output after the excitation signal passes through the indirect lightning protection unit 1 and then is processed and amplified by the pre-excitation unit 2 is at most 28 dBm. Through the 6-bit parallel port control of the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7, the adjustable range of the output signal amplitude is 31.5 dB, and the adjustment step is 0.5 dB. Through the discrete quantity control of the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7, the excitation signal can be modulated and pre-modulated. The rising edge / falling edge of the modulated radio frequency signal can reach the 10 ns level, can quickly complete the modulation of narrow pulses, and the modulation depth is not less than 90 dB.

[0087] The pre-excitation unit 2 realizes the rapid adjustment of the pre-excitation unit 2 with each system function through the control of the electronically tunable filter 21, the digital control attenuator 22, the radio frequency switch 23, the radio frequency switch 24, and the electronically tunable filter 25 by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 to achieve the reconfiguration purpose.

[0088] Refer to Figure 4As shown in the figure, the excitation unit 3 includes a broadband coupler 300, a radio frequency switch 301, a microwave power tube 302, a microwave power tube 303, a microwave power tube 304, a microwave power tube 305, a high-power radio frequency switch 306, a high-power digital control attenuator 307, a broadband coupler 308, a detector 309, and a detector 310.

[0089] The input end of the broadband coupler 300 is connected to the output end of the isolator 28 of the pre-excitation unit 2, the through end is connected to the radio frequency switch 301, and the coupling end is connected to the detector 309. The operating frequency of the broadband coupler 300 covers the requirements of the transmission channel, and the coupling degree is 30 dB.

[0090] One end of the output end of the radio frequency switch 301 is connected to the microwave power tube 302, and the other radio frequency end is connected to the microwave power tube 304. It is controlled by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7, switches channels according to the functions of each system, and completes the segmented amplification of the excitation unit 3. The radio frequency switch 301 is selectively connected to the microwave power tube 302 to amplify the radio frequency signals in the P band and L band, and is selectively connected to the microwave power tube 304 to amplify the radio frequency signals in the C band. The switching speed of the radio frequency switch 301 is less than 50 ns to achieve fast conversion of frequency band selection, and the isolation degree is greater than 40 dB to reduce the signal leakage between the two frequency bands and cause interference.

[0091] The output end of the microwave power tube 302 is connected to the microwave power tube 303 to perform medium-power amplification on the radio frequency signals in the P band and L band, provide a linear gain and a power gain of not less than 13 dB, and can amplify the signal to a maximum of 40 dBm.

[0092] The output end of the microwave power tube 303 is connected to the high-power radio frequency switch 306 to perform medium-power amplification on the radio frequency signals in the P band and L band, provide a power gain of not less than 13 dB, and can amplify the signal to a maximum of 53 dBm.

[0093] The output end of the microwave power tube 304 is connected to the microwave power tube 305 to perform medium-power amplification on the radio frequency signals in the C band, provide a linear gain and a power gain of not less than 13 dB, and can amplify the signal to a maximum of 40 dBm.

[0094] The output end of the microwave power tube 305 is connected to the high-power radio frequency switch 306 to perform medium-power amplification on the radio frequency signals in the C band, provide a power gain of not less than 10 dB, and can amplify the signal to a maximum of 50 dBm.

[0095] Further, the bias voltages of microwave power tubes 302, 303, 304, and 305 are controlled by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7. The dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 adjusts the bias voltages of microwave power tubes 302, 303, 304, and 305 in real time according to the radio frequency functions of each system to achieve the purpose of adjusting the static operating point, thereby changing the amplification type, linear gain, power gain, saturated output power, output P-1 power, and power added efficiency characteristics of microwave power tubes 302, 303, 304, and 305.

[0096] Optionally, the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 can perform pulse modulation on the bias voltages of microwave power tubes 302, 303, 304, and 305. When the system function is transmitting, the excitation signal is advanced to turn on the grid voltage and drain voltage of microwave power tubes 302, 303, 304, and 305; when the system function transmission ends, the excitation signal is delayed to turn off the grid voltage and drain voltage of microwave power tubes 302, 303, 304, and 305; when the system function is in a silent state or receiving, the grid voltage and drain voltage of microwave power tubes 302, 303, 304, and 305 are turned off, which can greatly reduce the static power consumption of microwave power tubes 302, 303, 304, and 305.

[0097] The output end (common end) of the high-power radio frequency switch 306 is connected to the high-power digital control attenuator 307, and the other two radio frequency ends are respectively connected to the output ends of microwave power tubes 302 and 304, and are controlled by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7. The dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 switches channels according to the functions of each system, controls the high-power radio frequency switch 306 to selectively connect the radio frequency signals amplified by microwave power tube 303 in the P band and L band or selectively connect the radio frequency signals amplified by microwave power tube 305 in the C band, and completes the segmented amplification of the excitation unit 3. The power capacity of the high-power radio frequency switch 306 is not less than 53 dBm, and the switch switching speed is less than 2 μs.

[0098] The output end of the high-power digital control attenuator 307 is connected to the broadband coupler 308 and is controlled by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7. The dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 controls the attenuation amount of the high-power digital control attenuator 307 through a 6-bit parallel port according to the radio frequency function requirements of each system. The attenuation range is 0.5 dB to 31.5 dB, and the attenuation step is 0.5 dB, so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the output power of the excitation unit 3 in real time.

[0099] Preferably, refer to Figure 5As shown, the high-power digital attenuator 307 includes high-power switch 30701, fixed attenuator 30702, high-power switch 30703, high-power switch 30704, fixed attenuator 30705, high-power switch 30706, high-power switch 30707, fixed attenuator 30708, high-power switch 30709, high-power switch 30710, fixed attenuator 30711, high-power switch 30712, high-power switch 30713, fixed attenuator 30714, high-power switch 30715, high-power switch 30716, fixed attenuator 30717, and high-power switch 30718.

[0100] Preferably, high-power switches 30701, 30703, 30704, 30706, 30707, 30709, 30710, 30712, 30713, 30715, 30716, and 30718 are PIN diode high-power switches, and the on and off response speeds are no greater than 1.6 μs.

[0101] High-power switch 30701, fixed attenuator 30702, and high-power switch 30703 form a 0.5 dB attenuation branch, and fixed attenuator 30702 is a 0.5 dB fixed attenuator; high-power switch 30704, fixed attenuator 30705, and high-power switch 30706 form a 1 dB attenuation branch, and fixed attenuator 30702 is a 1 dB fixed attenuator; high-power switch 30707, fixed attenuator 30708, and high-power switch 30709 form a 2 dB attenuation branch, and fixed attenuator 30702 is a 2 dB fixed attenuator; high-power switch 30710, fixed attenuator 30711, and high-power switch 30712 form a 4 dB attenuation branch, and fixed attenuator 30702 is a 4 dB fixed attenuator; high-power switch 30713, fixed attenuator 30714, and high-power switch 30715 form an 8 dB attenuation branch, and fixed attenuator 30702 is an 8 dB fixed attenuator; high-power switch 30716, fixed attenuator 30717, and high-power switch 30718 form a 16 dB attenuation branch, and fixed attenuator 30702 is a 16 dB fixed attenuator.

[0102] The working principle of each attenuation branch is the same, only the attenuation of the fixed attenuator is different. The control signal of the high-power switch is output by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 to control the gating state of the ANT port to the TX port or RX port of the high-power switch, realizing the function of attenuating the radio frequency signal of the input attenuation branch through the attenuation of the fixed attenuator. The fastest response speed of each attenuation branch can reach 1.6 μs.

[0103] When the high-power digital attenuator 307 does not attenuate the RF signals in the P-band and L-band input by the high-power RF switch 306, the output power is 48 dBm. When the RF signals in the C-band input are not attenuated, the output power is 45 dBm.

[0104] The input end of the broadband coupler 308 is connected to the output end of the high-power digital attenuator 307. The through end is connected to the input end of the power amplifier unit 4, and the coupled end is connected to the detector 310. The operating frequency of the broadband coupler 308 covers the requirements of the transmitting channel, and the coupling degree is 50 dB.

[0105] The output end of the detector 309 is connected to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7. It detects the RF signals input to the coupled end of the broadband coupler 300, converts the RF power into a voltage value and then outputs it to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7. It can achieve a power detection accuracy of ±1 dB for the pre-excitation unit 2 and be used as a criterion for judging whether the signals input to the excitation unit 3 under different system functions meet the design requirements.

[0106] The output end of the detector 310 is connected to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7. It detects the RF signals input to the coupled end of the broadband coupler 308, converts the RF power into a voltage value and then outputs it to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7. It can achieve a power detection accuracy of ±1 dB for the excitation unit 3 and be used as a criterion for judging whether the output signals of the excitation unit 3 under different system functions meet the design requirements.

[0107] Under the control of the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7, the excitation unit 3 can select the RF signal amplification branches in the P-band and L-band frequency ranges and the RF signal amplification branch in the C-band according to the RF functions of each system to amplify the signals input to the pre-excitation unit 2 with medium power. And through controlling the bias voltages of the microwave power tubes in each amplification branch for static operating point management and efficiency management, change the characteristic parameters (amplification type, linear gain, power gain, saturated output power, output P -1 power, power added efficiency) of the medium-power amplification in the excitation unit 3. Then, through the high-power digital attenuator 307 for power control, the maximum output power of the excitation unit 3 in the P-band and L-band frequency bands can reach 48 dBm, and the maximum output power in the C-band frequency can reach 45 dBm. The minimum step of power adjustment is 0.5 dB, and the total range is 0.5 dB to 31.5 dB. The reconfiguration of the characteristic parameters of the medium-power amplification in the channel and the power adjustment by the excitation unit 3 under the control of the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 can reach 1.6 μs.

[0108] Refer to Figure 6 As shown, the power amplifier unit 4 includes a selection switch A41, a P-band power amplifier branch 42, an L-band power amplifier branch 43, a C-band power amplifier branch 44, a selection switch B45, a broadband coupler 46, and a detector 47.

[0109] The selection switch A41 is a high-power RF switch of SP3T. The common terminal is connected to the output terminal of the excitation unit 3, and the other three RF ports are respectively connected to the input terminals of the P-band power amplifier branch 42, the L-band power amplifier branch 43, and the C-band power amplifier branch 44. The selection switch A41 is controlled by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7, and the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 selects one of the P-band power amplifier branch 42, the L-band power amplifier branch 43, and the C-band power amplifier branch 44 according to the frequency band required for power amplification of the RF functions of each system. The switching speed of the selection switch A41 is not greater than 2 μs, the power capacity is not less than 48 dBm, the operating frequency covers the P-band, the L-band, and the C-band, and the insertion loss is not greater than 0.7 dB.

[0110] Preferably, referring to Figure 7 As shown, the selection switch A41 includes RF DC-blocking capacitors C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, RF chokes RFC1, RFC2, RFC3, PIN diodes D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D8, D9, D10, D11, D12, resistors R1, R2, R3, R4.

[0111] When the selection switch A41 selects and connects RFC-RF1, the RF1_CTr port is at a positive voltage, the RF2_CTr and RF3_CTr ports are at a negative voltage, the PIN diode D1 is forward-biased, and the PIN diodes D2, D3, and D4 are reverse-biased, and the RFC-RF1 channel is at a low impedance. The PIN diode D5 is reverse-biased, and the PIN diodes D6, D7, and D12 are forward-biased, and the RFC-RF2 channel is at a high impedance. The PIN diode D9 is reverse-biased, and the PIN diodes D10, D11, and D12 are forward-biased, and the RFC-RF3 channel is at a high impedance.

[0112] When RFC-RF2 is selected, the RF2_CTr port is at a positive voltage, the RF1_CTr and RF3_CTr ports are at a negative voltage. The working principle of the PIN diode is the same as described above. The RFC-RF1 channel is at a high impedance, the RFC-RF2 channel is at a low impedance, and the RFC-RF3 channel is at a high impedance. When RFC-RF3 is selected, the RF3_CTr port is at a positive voltage, the RF1_CTr and RF2_CTr ports are at a negative voltage. The working principle of the PIN diode is the same as described above. The RFC-RF1 channel is at a high impedance, the RFC-RF2 channel is at a high impedance, and the RFC-RF3 channel is at a low impedance. The control signals of the RF1_CTr, RF2_CTr, and RF3_CTr ports are generated by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 according to the frequency bands required for power amplification of each system's radio frequency function, driving the PIN diodes of the selection switch A41 to achieve the purpose of rapid switching.

[0113] The output end of the P-band power amplifier branch 42 is connected to one end of the selection switch B45. It is composed of a stage of GaN microwave power tubes, which greatly amplify the radio frequency signals of each system function within the P-band frequency band, providing a power gain of not less than 16 dB and capable of amplifying the signal up to a maximum of 60 dBm. The bias voltage of the microwave power tube is controlled by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7.

[0114] The output end of the L-band power amplifier branch 43 is connected to one end of the selection switch B45. It is composed of a stage of GaN microwave power tubes, which greatly amplify the radio frequency signals of each system function within the L-band frequency band, providing a power gain of not less than 16 dB and capable of amplifying the signal up to a maximum of 60 dBm. The bias voltage of the microwave power tube is controlled by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7.

[0115] The output end of the C-band power amplifier branch 44 is connected to one end of the selection switch B45. It is composed of a stage of GaN microwave power tubes, which greatly amplify the radio frequency signals of the system function in the C-band, providing a power gain of not less than 8 dB and capable of amplifying the signal up to a maximum of 52 dBm. The bias voltage of the microwave power tube is controlled by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7.

[0116] Furthermore, the bias voltages of the microwave power tubes of the P-band power amplifier branch 42, the L-band power amplifier branch 43, and the C-band power amplifier branch 44 are controlled by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7. The dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 adjusts the bias voltages of the microwave power tubes in real time according to each system's radio frequency function to achieve the purpose of adjusting the static operating point, thereby changing the amplification type, linear gain, power gain, saturated output power, output P-1 power, and power added efficiency characteristics of the microwave power tubes.

[0117] Optionally, the dynamic reconstruction management unit 7 can perform pulse modulation on the bias voltages of the microwave power tubes in the P-band power amplifier branch 42, the L-band power amplifier branch 43, and the C-band power amplifier branch 44. When the system function is transmitting, the excitation signal is advanced to turn on the gate voltage and drain voltage of the microwave power tube; when the system function transmission ends, the excitation signal is delayed to turn off the gate voltage and drain voltage of the microwave power tube; when the system function is in a silent state or receiving, the gate voltage and drain voltage of the microwave power tube are turned off, which can greatly reduce the static power consumption of the microwave power tube.

[0118] The selection switch B45 is a high-power RF switch of SP3T. Its working principle and characteristics are the same as those of the selection switch A41. The common terminal is connected to the input end of the broadband coupler 46, and the other three RF ports are respectively connected to the output ends of the P-band power amplifier branch 42, the L-band power amplifier branch 43, and the C-band power amplifier branch 44. The selection switch B45 is controlled by the dynamic reconstruction management unit 7, and the dynamic reconstruction management unit 7 selects one of the P-band power amplifier branch 42, the L-band power amplifier branch 43, and the C-band power amplifier branch 44 according to the frequency band required for power amplification of each system RF function. The switching speed of the selection switch B45 is not greater than 2 μs, the power capacity is not less than 48 dBm, the operating frequency covers the P-band, L-band, and C-band, and the insertion loss is not greater than 0.7 dB.

[0119] The through end of the broadband coupler 46 is connected to the input end of the duplex unit (the amplified signal of the transmitting channel is input), and the coupled end is connected to the RF input end of the detector 47 to couple the RF signal input by the selection switch B45. The broadband coupler 46 is a microstrip parallel-coupled line directional coupler, and its operating frequency covers the requirements of the transmitting channel. The coupling degree is 30 dB, the through insertion loss is not greater than 0.3 dB, and the coupled end is output to the detector 47 after passing through a 30 dB attenuator.

[0120] The output end of the detector 47 is connected to the dynamic reconstruction management unit 7 to detect the RF signal input to the coupled end of the broadband coupler 46, convert the RF power into a voltage value and then output it to the dynamic reconstruction management unit 7, which can achieve a power detection accuracy of ±1 dB for the power amplifier unit 4 and be used as a criterion for judging whether the output signal of the power amplifier unit 4 meets the design requirements under different system functions.

[0121] Under the control of the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7, the power amplifier unit 4 can select the RF signal power amplification branch within the P-band frequency range, the RF signal power amplification branch in the L-band, and the RF signal power amplification branch in the C-band according to the RF functions of each system, amplify the signals input by the excitation unit 3 with high power, and manage the static operating point and efficiency by controlling the bias voltage of the microwave power tubes in each power amplification branch, changing the characteristic parameters of power amplification in the power amplifier unit 4 (amplification type, linear gain, power gain, saturated output power, output P-1 power, power added efficiency), so that the maximum output power of the power amplifier unit 4 can reach 59 dBm within the P-band frequency band, 59 dBm within the L-band frequency band, and 51 dBm at the C-band frequency output. Under the control of the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7, the reconfiguration of the characteristic parameters of power amplification in the channel and the rapid switching of the power amplification branch by the power amplifier unit 4 can reach no less than 2 μs.

[0122] Refer to Figure 8 As shown, the duplexer unit 5 includes a high-power switch 50, a triple-band filter 51, a broadband coupler 52, a high-power limiter 53, and a detector 54.

[0123] The high-power switch 50 is an SPDT high-power RF switch. The common terminal is connected to one end of the triple-band filter 51, and the other two RF ports are respectively connected to the output end of the power amplifier unit 4 and the input end of the high-power limiter 53. The high-power switch 50 is controlled by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7. The dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 switches the received and transmitted signals according to the requirements of the RF function transceiver link of each system to achieve the time-division duplex and transceiver isolation functions. When the high-power switch 50 is switched to the output end of the power amplifier unit 4, the system transmit link is selected. When the high-power switch 50 is switched to the input end of the high-power limiter 53, the system receive link is selected. The switching speed of the selection switch A41 is not greater than 2 μs, the power capacity is not less than 60 dBm, the operating frequency covers the P-band, L-band, and C-band, the insertion loss is not greater than 0.6 dB, and the isolation is not less than 40 dB. The transceiver isolation function of the duplexer unit 5 can greatly reduce the leakage signal intensity of the transmitted signal to the receive output, reduce the interference caused by the transmit channel in the transmit state to the receive channel of the functional system, and thus reduce the sensitivity of the receive channel.

[0124] One end of the triple-band filter 51 is connected to the common terminal of the high-power switch 50, and the other end is connected to the input end of the broadband coupler 52. The triple-band filter 51 is a band-pass filter divided into three frequency bands: P-band, L-band, and C-band, which suppresses signals outside the working frequency bands of each system function, greatly reduces the spurious emission and harmonic emission of the transmit channel, and also suppresses the out-of-band spurs and image frequencies of the input received RF signals, improving the electromagnetic compatibility of each system RF function.

[0125] The through-end of the broadband coupler 52 is connected to the direct lightning protection unit 6, and the coupled end is connected to the RF input of the detector 54 to couple the RF signals input by the three-band filter 51. The broadband coupler 52 is a microstrip parallel-coupled line directional coupler, with its operating frequency covering the requirements of the transmitting channel, a coupling degree of 30 dB, and a through insertion loss not greater than 0.3 dB. The coupled end is then output to the detector 54 through a 30 dB attenuator.

[0126] The high-power limiter 53 is an absorption type limiter. Its input end is connected to one RF end of the high-power switch 50, and the output is connected to the front-end module of the receiving link of each system. Its power capacity is not less than 60 dBm, and the maximum limiter output level is not greater than 13 dBm. It can effectively suppress the signals leaking from the transmitting channel to the receiving output direction, preventing the front-end devices of the receiving channel of the functional system from being burned out due to excessive leakage signals.

[0127] When there is a mismatch in the RF link at the output end of the duplex unit 5, the reflected power caused will be absorbed and limited by the high-power limiter 53 within the maximum input power allowed at the front-end of the receiving channel of the functional system, preventing the front-end devices of the receiving channel from being burned out.

[0128] The limiting function of the high-power limiter 53 can prevent the antenna of the functional system from being exposed to a high-intensity radiation field (HIRF) environment. The spatial electromagnetic signals received by the antenna are output to the receiving channel of the functional system through the duplex unit 5, which may cause the front-end devices of the receiving channel of the functional system to be burned out, thus improving the electromagnetic protection ability of the system function.

[0129] The output end of the detector 54 is connected to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 to detect the RF signals input at the coupled end of the broadband coupler 52, convert the RF power into a voltage value and then output it to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 for power analysis and waveform analysis. It can achieve a power detection accuracy of ±1 dB for the power output by the duplex unit 4, and be used as a criterion for whether the power and waveform of the output signal of the power amplifier unit 4 meet the design requirements under different system functions.

[0130] The duplex unit 5 mainly realizes the functions of time-division duplexing, transceiver isolation, band-pass filtering, antenna port standing wave mismatch protection, and electromagnetic protection according to the functions of each system. According to the functions of each system, the duplex unit 5 switches the transceiver state by the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7, and the switching speed is not greater than 2 μs. The duplex unit 5 detects the power and waveform transmitted by each system function and outputs them to the dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 for power analysis and waveform analysis. The maximum output power of the duplex unit 5 can reach 57.5 dBm in the P-band frequency band, 57.5 dBm in the L-band frequency band, and 49.5 dBm in the C-band frequency.

[0131] Reference Figure 9 As shown, the direct lightning protection unit 6 includes a transmission line 60, a gas discharge tube 61, and a gas discharge tube 62. The transmission line 60 is a microstrip transmission line, and its two ends are respectively connected to the duplex unit 5 and the antenna end for transmitting signal output. The middle position from the input to the output of the transmission line 60 is connected to one end of the gas discharge tube 61 and the gas discharge tube 62, and the other ends of the gas discharge tube 61 and the gas discharge tube 62 are connected to the ground. The gas discharge tube 61 is close to the output end of the duplex unit 5, and the gas discharge tube 62 is close to the antenna end for transmitting signal output.

[0132] The direct lightning protection unit 6 mainly suppresses the lightning surge signals that may come from the antenna end, clamps the lightning surge signals within the acceptable level range of the transmitting channel, and prevents the transmitting channel from being burned out. The gas discharge tube 62 clamps the lightning surge signals of the 100 kV voltage level to the kV voltage level, which is the primary protection. The gas discharge tube 61 clamps the remaining lightning surge signals of the kV voltage level output by the gas discharge tube 62 to the 100 V voltage level, which is the secondary protection. The transmission line 10 is a microstrip transmission line with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω, which is used for impedance matching affected by the welding of the gas discharge tube 61 and the gas discharge tube 62 and the junction capacitance.

[0133] The direct lightning protection unit 6 causes less loss to the RF signal transmission within the frequency ranges of the P band, L band, and C band, generally not exceeding 0.3 dB. After being output to the antenna through the direct lightning protection unit 6, the maximum power that the transmitting channel can reach is 57.2 dBm when outputting the maximum power within the P band frequency band, 57.2 dBm when outputting the maximum power within the L band frequency band, and 49.2 dBm when outputting the maximum power within the C band frequency.

[0134] The dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 analyzes the detected voltage signals of each path input to the internal detectors of the pre-excitation unit 2, excitation unit 3, power amplifier unit 4, and duplex unit 5 with the FPGA + ADC architecture, obtains the power amplitude information and waveform information of the corresponding units under various system RF functions and different operating frequencies, and realizes the health status management of the transmitting channel. When a fault occurs in the transmitting channel, the fault can be quickly and effectively located.

[0135] The dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 generates analog voltages with different amplitudes through the working frequency bands of each system RF function for the electronically tunable filter of the pre-excitation unit 2 with the FPGA + DAC architecture, controls the transmission characteristics of the electronically tunable filter of the pre-excitation unit 2, and real-time modulates the center frequency of the filter.

[0136] The dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 is based on the FPGA+DAC architecture. According to the radio frequency function amplification characteristics of each system, as well as the requirements of signal modulation type and output power magnitude, it adjusts the voltage amplitude of the bias voltage of the microwave power tubes in the excitation unit 3 and the power amplifier unit 4, so as to adjust the static operating point of the microwave power tubes and then change the amplification type, linear gain, power gain, saturated output power, output P-1 power, and power added efficiency characteristics of the microwave power tubes. At the same time, according to the requirements of transceiver isolation, locking, silence, and power consumption management for each system function, it performs pulse modulation on the bias voltage of the microwave power tubes in the excitation unit 3 and the power amplifier unit 4. When the system function is transmitting, it advances the excitation signal to turn on the grid voltage and drain voltage of the microwave power tubes; when the system function transmission ends, it lags the excitation signal to turn off the grid voltage and drain voltage of the microwave power tubes; when the system function is in a silent state or receiving, it turns off the grid voltage and drain voltage of the microwave power tubes, which can greatly reduce the static power consumption of the microwave power tubes and achieve the purposes of transceiver isolation, locking, and silence.

[0137] The dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 is based on the FPGA+driver architecture. According to the output power and operating frequency band characteristics of each system's radio frequency function, it generates discrete control signals to drive the digital controlled attenuator of the pre-excitation unit 2, the radio frequency switches of the excitation unit 3 and the digital controlled attenuator, and the radio frequency switches of the power amplifier unit 4, for the purpose of configuring the amplification link of the transmission channel and adjusting the power magnitude for each system's radio frequency function. At the same time, according to the adjustment requirements of each system's radio frequency function, it generates corresponding modulation signals or pre-modulation signals to control the radio frequency switches of the pre-excitation unit 2, and performs narrow pulse and wide pulse modulation to achieve the output of different pulses and duty cycles.

[0138] The dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7 is based on the FPGA+driver architecture. When the transmission channel operates in the DME, DME / P, and TACAN functions, it generates a bell-shaped pulse waveform voltage to perform bell-shaped pulse modulation on the microwave power tubes of the L-band power amplifier branch 42 of the power amplifier unit 4, so that the output of the transmission channel meets the interrogation pulse waveforms of the corresponding DME, DME / P, and TACAN function systems.

[0139] The dynamic reconfiguration management unit 7, according to the output power and waveform requirements of each system's radio frequency function, analyzes the current output power and waveform characteristics by performing real-time detection and monitoring on the output detection voltages of the pre-excitation unit 2, the excitation unit 3, the power amplifier unit 4, and the duplex unit 5, and then adjusts the transmission channel by controlling the digital controlled attenuation, modulation signals of each unit, and the bias voltage of the microwave power tubes, so that the transmission channel meets the output power and waveform requirements of the current system's radio frequency function, achieving the effects of gain closed-loop control and waveform adaptive adjustment.

[0140] A multi-radio-frequency function multiplexing and reconfigurable transmit channel circuit architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application performs multi-dimensional adjustment on the filtering frequency band, filtering characteristics, power, microwave power tube bias voltage, modulation function, and power amplification channel allocation in the transmit channel, realizing real-time combination of the modulation function, amplification type, filtering characteristics, output power, linear gain, power gain, saturated output power, output P-1 (1 dB compression point) power, and efficiency characteristics of the transmit channel to adapt to the radio frequency transmit requirements of different system functions, achieving multi-radio-frequency function multiplexing and fast dynamic reconfiguration of the transmit channel. It enables highly effective integration of the radio frequency functions of ATC, ADS_B, DME, DME / P, TCAS, TACAN, IFF, JTIDS, RA systems and P-band related communication systems within the same transmit channel, and at the same time has the capabilities of lightning protection and electromagnetic protection.

[0141] A multi-radio-frequency function multiplexing and reconfigurable transmit channel circuit architecture provided by an embodiment of the present application is also applicable to radar and electronic warfare systems with the same type of signal system, frequency band, and power level. It can adjust each device in the transmit channel to make the operating frequency range, maximum output power, and filtering characteristics adapt to the system function requirements, achieving the purpose of integrating the radio frequency functions of systems with a wider frequency range and higher output power.

[0142] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described (see the detailed description above), for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-RF function multiplexing reconfigurable transmission channel circuit architecture, characterized in that: include: Indirect lightning protection unit (1), pre-excitation unit (2), excitation unit (3), power amplifier unit (4), duplex unit (5), direct lightning protection unit (6), dynamic reconstruction management unit (7); The input end of the indirect lightning protection unit (1) is connected to an externally input radio frequency excitation signal, and the output end is connected to a pre-excitation unit (2); the cable connected to the transmission input radio frequency excitation signal will couple a lightning signal, and the indirect lightning protection unit (1) is used to suppress the lightning signal coupled by the cable connected to the transmission input radio frequency excitation signal to prevent damage to the transmission channel; The output end of the pre-excitation unit (2) is connected to the excitation unit (3) and is connected to the dynamic reconstruction management unit (7) and is controlled by the dynamic reconstruction management unit (7); the pre-excitation unit (2) performs state detection, filtering, power adjustment, pulse modulation, low-noise amplification, and isolation on the input radio frequency excitation signal, and then outputs it to the excitation unit (3); The output of the excitation unit (3) is connected to the power amplifier unit (4), and is connected to the dynamic reconstruction management unit (7), and is controlled by the dynamic reconstruction management unit (7); the excitation unit (3) performs broadband medium power amplification and power adjustment on the radio frequency signal input by the pre-excitation unit (2), and then outputs it to the power amplifier unit (4); The output of the power amplifier unit (4) is connected to the duplex unit (5), and is connected to the dynamic reconstruction management unit (7), and is controlled by the dynamic reconstruction management unit (7); the power amplifier unit (4) allocates a power amplification channel according to the system functional frequency band, output power amplification, and modulation requirements, and then performs high-power amplification, and then outputs to the duplex unit (5); The output end of the duplex unit (5) is connected to the direct lightning protection unit (6), which mainly realizes the functions of transmitting and receiving function conversion, filtering, power detection, and waveform detection of the transmission channel; the duplex unit (5) performs transmission and reception isolation and filtering processing on the high-power radio frequency signal output by the power amplifier unit (4) and then outputs it to the direct lightning protection unit (6); the duplex unit (5) performs filtering and amplitude limiting on the received radio frequency signal input by the direct lightning protection unit (6) and then outputs it; The direct lightning protection unit (6) outputs an antenna connected to the system function, mainly suppressing lightning surge signals that may come from the antenna end, clamping the lightning surge signals to a level range acceptable to the transmission channel, and preventing the transmission channel from being burned; The dynamic reconstruction management unit (7) is connected to the pre-excitation unit (2), the excitation unit (3), and the power amplifier unit (4), and controls the input excitation state signal detection, filtering, power adjustment, and pulse modulation functions of the pre-excitation unit (2) according to different system function requirements, controls the input pre-excitation signal detection, output excitation signal detection, medium power amplification, and power adjustment functions of the excitation unit (3); and controls the power amplification channel allocation, high power amplification, bell-shaped pulse modulation, power detection, and waveform detection functions of the power amplifier unit (4).

2. According to claim 1, a multi-RF function multiplexing reconfigurable transmission channel circuit architecture is characterized by: The state detection function of the pre-excitation unit (2) performs power coupling and power detection on the input radio frequency excitation signal, and then outputs it to the dynamic reconstruction management unit (7) as a criterion for determining whether the input radio frequency excitation signal meets the design requirements under different system functions; The filtering function of the pre-excitation unit (2) adjusts the transmission characteristics of the filter according to the frequency of the input radio frequency excitation signal, and performs harmonic suppression and spurious suppression on the radio frequency excitation signal; The power adjustment function of the pre-excitation unit (2) adjusts the power of radio frequency excitation signals of different amplitudes input under different functions, so that the pre-excitation unit (2) can adapt to the input of radio frequency excitation signals of different amplitudes within a wide range, meet the excitation input under different system functions, and provide a stable excitation signal for the excitation unit (3); The pulse modulation function of the pre-excitation unit (2) is controlled by the dynamic reconstruction management unit (7), and can perform narrow pulse and wide pulse modulation according to different system function requirements to achieve output of different pulses and duty cycles; the pulse modulation function can achieve reply pulse modulation of ATC and ADS_B system functions and pulse pre-modulation of DME, DME / P, TCAS, TACAN, IFF, JTIDS, RA systems and P-band related communication functions; The low-noise amplification of the pre-excitation unit (2) realizes broadband amplification and can adapt to the excitation signal of the frequency band where each system function is located; The isolation function of the pre-excitation unit (2) is to improve the standing wave matching of the ports where the pre-excitation unit (2) and the excitation unit (3) are connected at radio frequency, thereby preventing the quality of the transmitted radio frequency signal from deteriorating or the active amplifier device from failing due to mismatch of the connection ports.

3. The multi-RF function multiplexing reconfigurable transmission channel circuit architecture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excitation unit (3) is capable of performing power coupling and power detection on the input and output radio frequency signals, and then outputting the power to the dynamic reconstruction management unit (7), which serves as a basis for controlling and adjusting the radio frequency power input to the power amplifier unit (4) under different system functions, thereby realizing a power adjustment function and further controlling the output power of the entire transmission channel; the excitation unit (3) performs power coupling and power detection on the input and output radio frequency signals, and then outputting the power to the dynamic reconstruction management unit (7), which can also serve as a basis for fault detection of the pre-excitation unit (2) and the excitation unit (3); The bias voltage of the microwave power tube for broadband medium power amplification by the excitation unit (3) is controlled by the dynamic reconstruction management unit (7); the dynamic reconstruction management unit (7) adjusts the static working point through the bias voltage of the microwave power tube, thereby changing the amplification type of the microwave power tube, class A, class AB, class C, linear gain, power gain, saturated output power, output P -1 power, power added efficiency characteristics, and ultimately achieve the change of the amplification type of the excitation unit (3) including class A, class AB, class C, linear gain, power gain, saturated output power, output P -1 Channel characteristics of power and efficiency; through the combination of channel characteristic parameters, the ability to amplify signals of different systems with different system functions is achieved; The dynamic reconstruction management unit (7) performs pulse modulation on the bias voltage of the microwave power tube of the excitation unit (3); when the system function is transmitting, the excitation signal is advanced to turn on the gate voltage and drain voltage of the microwave power tube; when the system function transmission ends, the excitation signal is delayed to turn off the gate voltage and drain voltage of the microwave power tube; when the system function transmission is silent or receiving, the gate voltage and drain voltage of the microwave power tube are turned off; the static power consumption of the microwave power tube is reduced, thereby reducing the overall power consumption of the excitation unit (3).

4. The multi-RF function multiplexing reconfigurable transmission channel circuit architecture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power amplifier unit (4) comprises a selection switch A (41), a P-band power amplifier branch (42), an L-band power amplifier branch (43), a C-band power amplifier branch (44), a selection switch (B45), a broadband coupler (46) and a detector (47); The common end of the selection switch A (41) is connected to the output end of the excitation unit (3), and the other three radio frequency ports are respectively connected to the input ends of the P-band power amplifier branch (42), the L-band power amplifier branch (43), and the C-band power amplifier branch (44); the selection switch A (41) is controlled by the dynamic reconstruction management unit (7), and the dynamic reconstruction management unit (7) selects one of the P-band power amplifier branch (42), the L-band power amplifier branch (43), and the C-band power amplifier branch (44) according to the frequency band required for the radio frequency function power amplification of each system; the switching speed of the selection switch A (41) is not greater than 2μs, the power capacity is not less than 48dBm, the operating frequency covers the P-band, L-band, and C-band, and the insertion loss is not greater than 0.7dB; The common end of the selection switch B (45) is connected to the input end of the broadband coupler (46), and the other three radio frequency ports are respectively connected to the output ends of the P-band power amplifier branch (42), the L-band power amplifier branch (43), and the C-band power amplifier branch (44); The P-band power amplifier branch (42) completes the power amplification function of the P-band related communication system; The L-band power amplifier branch (43) completes the power amplification function of the L-band related communication, navigation, and identification systems; The C-band power amplifier branch (44) completes the power amplification function of the C-band radio altimeter system; The broadband coupler (46) couples the radio frequency signal input by the selection switch B (45); The detector (47) detects the radio frequency signal input from the coupling end of the broadband coupler (46), converts the radio frequency power into a voltage value and outputs it to the dynamic reconstruction management unit (7), so as to achieve a power detection accuracy of ±1dB for the power amplifier unit (4); each power amplification channel is composed of high-power microwave power tubes in cascade or parallel connection, so that the final output of the transmission channel reaches the required value of the peak power of the system function, and then outputs it to the duplex unit (5) respectively.

5. The multi-RF function multiplexing reconfigurable transmission channel circuit architecture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bias voltage of the microwave power tube for high-power amplification of the power amplifier unit (4) is controlled by the dynamic reconstruction management unit (7); the dynamic reconstruction management unit (7) adjusts the static working point through the bias voltage of the microwave power tube, thereby changing the amplification type of the microwave power tube, including class A, class AB, class C, linear gain, power gain, saturated output power, output P -1 power, power added efficiency PAE characteristics, and ultimately achieve the purpose of changing the amplification type, linear gain, power gain, saturated output power, output P of the power amplifier unit (4). -1 Channel characteristics of power and efficiency; through the combination of channel characteristic parameters, the ability to amplify signals of different systems with different system functions is achieved.

6. The multi-RF function multiplexing reconfigurable transmission channel circuit architecture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dynamic reconstruction management unit (7) also performs pulse modulation on the bias voltage of the microwave power tube of the power amplifier unit (4), and when the system function is transmitting, the early excitation signal turns on the gate voltage and drain voltage of the microwave power tube; when the system function transmission ends, the delayed excitation signal turns off the gate voltage and drain voltage of the microwave power tube; when the system function transmission is silent or receiving, the gate voltage and drain voltage of the microwave power tube are turned off; By dynamically reconfiguring the management unit (7) to pulse modulate the bias voltage of the microwave power tube, the static power consumption of the microwave power tube is reduced, thereby reducing the overall power consumption of the power amplifier unit (4).

7. The multi-RF function multiplexing reconfigurable transmission channel circuit architecture according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the power amplifier unit (4) operates in the DME, DME / P, or TACAN functional system, the microwave power tube of the L-band power amplifier branch (43) is controlled by the dynamic reconstruction management unit (7); the dynamic reconstruction management unit (7) outputs a bell-shaped pulse waveform voltage, and the microwave power tube performs bell-shaped pulse modulation, so that the power amplifier unit (4) outputs an inquiry pulse waveform that satisfies the corresponding DME, DME / P, or TACAN functional system; The broadband coupler (46) of the power amplifier unit (4) performs power coupling on the output radio frequency signal, and the detector (47) performs power detection, which is then output to the dynamic reconstruction management unit (7) and can also serve as a basis for fault detection of the power amplifier unit (4).

8. The multi-RF function multiplexing reconfigurable transmission channel circuit architecture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filtering function of the duplex unit (5) is mainly to suppress signals outside the working frequency band of each system function, reduce spurious emission and harmonic emission of the transmission channel, and also suppress out-of-band spurious and mirror frequencies of the input receiving radio frequency signal; The transmit-receive isolation function of the duplex unit (5) can reduce the leakage signal strength of the transmit signal to the receive output, reduce the interference caused to the receive channel of the functional system in the transmit state of the transmit channel, and thus reduce the sensitivity of the receive channel; The limiting function of the duplex unit (5) is to prevent the leakage signal of the transmission signal to the receiving output from being too strong, thereby causing the front-end components of the receiving channel of the functional system to burn out; at the same time, when the RF link at the output rear end of the duplex unit (5) is mismatched, the resulting reflected power will be limited within the maximum input power range allowed by the front-end of the receiving channel of the functional system, thereby preventing the front-end components of the receiving channel from burning out; The limiting function of the duplex unit (5) can prevent the antenna of the functional system from being exposed to a high-intensity radiation field environment. The spatial electromagnetic signal received by the antenna is output to the receiving channel of the functional system via the duplex unit (5), causing the front-end components of the receiving channel of the functional system to burn out, thereby improving the electromagnetic protection capability of the system function.

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