Optical fiber multichannel sensing optical system based on light splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing

Abstract

The utility model provides an optical fiber multichannel sensing optical system based on light splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing, which comprises a light source coupled into an optical fiber and used for generating light of a non-single wavelength spectrum; one end of the light splitting device is connected with the light source, and the light splitting device is used for splitting light generated by the light source into light with different wavelengths; the optical fiber loop comprises a plurality of optical fiber channels, one end of each optical fiber channel is connected with the other end of the light splitting device, and the optical fiber channels are used for transmitting the light with different wavelengths separated by the light splitting device; and the optical detection component is connected with one end of the optical fiber loop, and the optical detection component is used for receiving and measuring the light transmitted by the optical fiber loop. According to the invention, an optical switch is removed, the system complexity and the hardware cost are reduced, the system stability is improved, the measurement speed is improved, and the sensing of multichannel light and the synchronous detection of multichannel light are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical fields of optics and biosensing, and particularly relates to an optical fiber multi-channel sensing optical system based on spectral splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing. Background Art

[0002] The multi-channel biosensing optical system is an advanced bioimaging and sensing technology that uses optical principles and advanced imaging equipment to monitor the activities inside living organisms in real time. Its working principle is based on the changes in optical properties such as light absorption, scattering, and fluorescence emission of biological tissues or cells. By monitoring these changes, real-time and high-resolution imaging of the activities inside living organisms can be achieved. Such a system usually consists of the following key components:

[0003] a) Light source: The multi-channel biosensing optical system is usually equipped with multiple light sources, each of which emits light of different wavelengths. Common light sources include LEDs (light-emitting diodes) and lasers.

[0004] b) Optical path: The light emitted by the light source is guided to the biological tissue or cell to be measured through optical elements such as optical lenses, filters, and mirrors.

[0005] c) Detector: The detector is used to capture the light signals scattered, absorbed, and emitted by the biological tissue or cell. Usually, photodiodes, photomultiplier tubes, and photodetector arrays are used as detectors.

[0006] d) Data acquisition and processing system: The data acquisition system is used to collect the light signals captured by the detector and convert them into digital signals. The data processing system then processes, analyzes, and visualizes these digital signals.

[0007] e) Multi-channel configuration: The multi-channel biosensing optical system has multiple channels, and each channel corresponds to a specific combination of light source and detector.

[0008] Existing multi-channel biosensing optical systems require multiple optical switches and multiple fiber couplers. The optical switch can switch between light sources of different wavelengths or different intensities to select an appropriate light source for the experiment. The optical switch is also used to select channels with different parameters to achieve simultaneous monitoring of multiple parameters. The optical switch is also used to adjust the optical path to ensure that the light accurately irradiates the sample and is captured by the detector. The fiber coupler is used to couple the optical signals output by the light source into the optical path for sample irradiation or imaging. The fiber coupler is also used to transmit the light signals captured by the detector to the data acquisition and processing unit for signal processing and analysis. By using multiple optical switches and multiple fiber couplers, the multi-channel biosensing optical system can achieve multi-channel imaging and data acquisition. However, it also has some disadvantages:

[0009] a) Complex structure: Multiple optical components and mechanical devices in the system (such as optical path switches, fiber optic couplers, etc.) require precise design, assembly, and calibration. Therefore, the system structure is relatively complex, increasing the difficulty of maintenance and operation.

[0010] b) High cost: The multi-channel biosensing optical system involves many high-precision optical components and advanced imaging devices, and its cost is usually high.

[0011] c) High technical requirements: Building and operating a multi-channel biosensing optical system requires certain professional knowledge and skills. Operators need to understand optical principles, imaging techniques, as well as the components and working principles of the system to ensure the normal operation of the system and accurate data acquisition.

[0012] d) Slow detection speed: Due to the complex process of optical signal acquisition and processing, and the simultaneous acquisition and processing of multi-channel data, the detection speed of the multi-channel biosensing optical system is easily limited to a certain extent. In application scenarios that require high-speed data acquisition, it cannot meet the requirements of real-time monitoring.

[0013] Therefore, the multi-channel biosensing optical system urgently needs some new solutions and innovations to solve existing problems, simplify the existing complex multi-channel optical path switches and multiple fiber optic coupler structures, save costs, improve the detection speed, and simplify the operation, boosting the wide application of the multi-channel biosensing optical system in the fields of life science research, medical diagnosis, etc., and bringing greater value to human health and scientific research. Summary of the Utility Model

[0014] Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present utility model is to provide a fiber multi-channel sensing optical system based on beam splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing, which does not require multiple optical switches, reduces mechanical moving parts, reduces the system complexity and hardware cost, improves the system stability, and uses beam splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing to improve the measurement speed of the multi-channel sensing optical system, and achieves the effect of synchronous detection while realizing multi-channel sensing.

[0015] According to one aspect of the present utility model, there is provided a fiber multi-channel sensing optical system based on beam splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing, comprising:

[0016] A light source, which is coupled into the fiber, and the light source is used to generate light with a non-single wavelength spectrum;

[0017] A beam splitting device, one end of which is connected to the light source, and the beam splitting device is used to separate the light generated by the light source into lights of different wavelengths;

[0018] Optical fiber loop, the optical fiber loop includes a plurality of optical fiber channels, one end of the optical fiber channel is connected to the other end of the beam splitting device, and the plurality of optical fiber channels are used to transmit lights of different wavelengths separated by the beam splitting device;

[0019] Light detection component, the light detection component is connected to one end of the optical fiber loop, and the light detection component is used to receive and measure the light transmitted by the optical fiber loop.

[0020] Optionally, the beam splitting device adopts any one or a combination of a diffraction grating beam splitter, an optical fiber filter, a prism refraction beam splitter, and a filter.

[0021] Optionally, the optical fiber loop further includes an optical sensing element, the optical sensing element is connected to the root of the optical fiber channel, and the optical sensing element is used to reflect lights of different wavelengths transmitted by the optical fiber channel.

[0022] Optionally, the optical sensing element adopts a reflective label-free optical sensing element.

[0023] Optionally, when detecting a sample to be measured, the sample to be measured is attached to the optical sensing element, and the spectrum or light intensity of the reflected light is measured by the light detection component.

[0024] Optionally, the optical sensing element is integrally formed with the root of the optical fiber channel or the optical sensing element is bonded to the root of the optical fiber channel through an adhesive.

[0025] Optionally, the optical fiber loop further includes a beam combining device, the beam combining device is connected to the other end of the optical fiber channel, and the beam combining device is used to combine lights transmitted by at least part of the plurality of optical fiber channels into the same optical fiber.

[0026] Optionally, the light detection component is used to receive the light transmitted by the optical fiber channel of the optical fiber loop and / or the light combined by the beam combining device.

[0027] Optionally, it further includes:

[0028] A plurality of directional coupling devices, the directional coupling devices are arranged in the optical fiber channel, and the directional coupling devices are used to couple and / or directionally transmit the light transmitted by the optical fiber channel.

[0029] Optionally, the directional coupling device adopts any one or a combination of a directional coupler and an optical circulator.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] With the above technical solution, at one end of the optical fiber loop provided with multiple optical fiber channels, a beam splitting device is used to separate the light with a non-single wavelength spectrum generated by the light source into lights with different wavelengths, and the separated lights with different wavelengths are transmitted into the optical fiber loop with multiple optical fiber channels. The lights with different wavelengths are transmitted through multiple optical fiber channels, and an optical detection component is connected to the optical fiber loop to receive and detect the light transmitted by the optical fiber loop. Without multiple optical switches, the number of mechanical moving parts is reduced, the system structure is simplified, the system complexity and hardware cost are reduced, the system stability is improved, and through beam splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing, the measurement speed is increased, and the effect of synchronous detection is achieved while realizing multi-channel sensing. Description of the Drawings

[0032] By reading the following detailed description of the non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, other features, objects, and advantages of the present utility model will become more apparent:

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an optical fiber multi-channel sensing optical system based on beam splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present utility model.

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a beam splitting device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present utility model.

[0035] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of another beam splitting device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present utility model.

[0036] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of another beam splitting device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present utility model.

[0037] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of another beam splitting device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present utility model.

[0038] Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0039] 100 Optical fiber multi-channel sensing optical system based on beam splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing

[0040] 10 Light source

[0041] 20 Beam splitting device

[0042] 30 Optical fiber loop

[0043] 40 Beam combining device

[0044] 50 Optical detection component

[0045] 60 Probe

[0046] 70 2×2 optical fiber coupler

[0047] 101 First fiber collimator

[0048] 102 First dichroic mirror

[0049] 103 Second fiber collimator

[0050] 104 Second dichroic mirror

[0051] 105 Third fiber collimator

[0052] 201 First fiber Bragg reflection grating filter

[0053] 201 First optical circulator

[0054] 203 Second fiber Bragg reflection grating filter

[0055] 204 Second optical circulator

[0056] 301 Wavelength division multiplexer

[0057] 401 Multiplexer

[0058] 402 Bandpass fiber filter Detailed implementation manners

[0059] The present utility model will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present utility model, but do not limit the present utility model in any form. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the concept of the present utility model, several modifications and improvements can still be made. These all belong to the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0060] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a fiber multi-channel sensing optical system based on beam splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present utility model.

[0061] As Figure 1 shown, the present utility model provides a fiber multi-channel sensing optical system 100 based on beam splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing, including a light source 10, a beam splitting device 20, a fiber loop 30, and a light detection component 50.

[0062] Among them, the light source 10 is coupled into the fiber, and the light source 10 is used to generate light with a non-single wavelength spectrum.

[0063] The optical fiber of the present disclosure can be any one of a multi-mode optical fiber, a single-mode optical fiber, a polarization-maintaining optical fiber, a combination of a single-mode optical fiber and a multi-mode optical fiber, a combination of a polarization-maintaining optical fiber and a multi-mode optical fiber, and a combination of a polarization-maintaining optical fiber and a single-mode optical fiber.

[0064] The light source 10 can be any one or a combination of a tunable laser, a halogen lamp, a light-emitting diode, a superluminescent light-emitting diode, a continuous-spectrum light source, an amplified spontaneous emission light source, and an optical frequency comb.

[0065] If the light source 10 uses a continuous-spectrum light source, it can be any one or a combination of a continuous-spectrum light source based on a common passive optical fiber, a supercontinuum light source based on a rare-earth element-doped optical fiber, and a supercontinuum light source based on a photonic crystal fiber.

[0066] One end of the beam splitting device 20 is connected to the light source 10, and the beam splitting device 20 is used to separate the light generated by the light source 10 into lights of different wavelengths.

[0067] As an example, one end of the beam splitting device 20 is connected to the light source 10 through an optical fiber.

[0068] The optical fiber loop 30 includes a plurality of optical fiber channels. One end of the optical fiber channel is connected to the other end of the beam splitting device 20, and the plurality of optical fiber channels are used to transmit lights of different wavelengths separated by the beam splitting device 20.

[0069] Among them, the plurality of optical fiber channels are multiple optical fibers.

[0070] The light detection component 50 is connected to the optical fiber loop 30, and the light detection component 50 is used to receive and measure the light transmitted by the optical fiber loop 30.

[0071] Among them, the light detection component 50 can be any one or a combination of a spectrometer and an optical power detector.

[0072] Through the above technical solution, at one end of the optical fiber loop 30 provided with a plurality of optical fiber channels, the beam splitting device 20 is used to separate the light with a non-single-wavelength spectrum generated by the light source into lights of different wavelengths, and the separated lights of different wavelengths are transmitted into the optical fiber loop 30 with a plurality of optical fiber channels. The lights of different wavelengths are transmitted through the plurality of optical fiber channels, and the light detection component 50 is connected to the optical fiber loop 30 to receive and detect the light transmitted by the optical fiber loop 30. Without a plurality of optical switches, the mechanical moving parts are reduced, the system structure is simplified, the system complexity and hardware cost are reduced, the system stability is improved, and through beam splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing, the measurement speed is increased, and the effect of synchronous detection is achieved while realizing multi-channel sensing.

[0073] In a possible embodiment, the beam splitting device 20 is any one or a combination of a diffraction grating beam splitter, an optical fiber filter, a prism refraction beam splitter, and a filter.

[0074] If the beam splitting device 20 uses an optical fiber filter, a Fabry-Perot type optical fiber filter or a Bragg reflection optical fiber grating filter can be used. And when using a Bragg reflection optical fiber grating filter, an optical circulator needs to be added at the input end.

[0075] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a beam splitting device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present utility model.

[0076] As Figure 2 shown, in a possible embodiment, the beam splitting device 20 may also employ a plurality of fiber collimators and a plurality of dichroic mirrors. Among them, the plurality of dichroic mirrors are cascaded in the same direction.

[0077] The dichroic mirror is used to reflect light with a wavelength less than a preset threshold and transmit light with a wavelength not less than the preset threshold. Alternatively, the dichroic mirror is used to reflect light with a wavelength greater than a preset threshold and transmit light with a wavelength not greater than the preset threshold.

[0078] The light emitted by the light source 10 is transmitted to the beam splitting device 20 through an optical fiber, and the incident light forms a spatial light beam mixed with multiple wavelengths after passing through the first fiber collimator 101.

[0079] As an example, after the spatial light beam passes through the first dichroic mirror 102, among them, the light with a wavelength less than the first preset threshold is reflected, the light with a wavelength not less than the first preset threshold is transmitted, and the light with a wavelength less than the first preset threshold enters the first output optical fiber after passing through the second fiber collimator 103.

[0080] The light with a wavelength not less than the first preset threshold is transmitted through the second dichroic mirror 104, among which, the light with a wavelength not less than the first preset threshold and less than the second preset threshold is reflected, the light with a wavelength not less than the second preset threshold is transmitted, and the light with a wavelength not less than the first preset threshold and less than the second preset threshold enters the second output optical fiber after being transmitted through the third fiber collimator 105.

[0081] And so on. In this embodiment, a plurality of dichroic mirrors are cascaded, and the spatial light beam passes through the plurality of dichroic mirrors in sequence and is separated into lights of multiple wavelengths.

[0082] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of another beam splitting device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present utility model.

[0083] As shown in Fig. 3, in a possible embodiment, the beam splitting device 20 may employ a plurality of fiber Bragg reflection gratings filters and a plurality of optical circulators.

[0084] Among them, one fiber Bragg reflection grating filter and one optical circulator form a group. Along the direction of the incident light, each optical circulator is arranged in front of each fiber Bragg reflection grating filter, and the transmitted light first passes through the optical circulator. The optical circulator is set as port 1 → port 2 → port 3.

[0085] The light emitted by the light source 10 is transmitted through an optical fiber to the beam splitting device 20. The incident light enters from port 1 of the first optical circulator 201 and exits from port 2 of the first optical circulator 201. The incident light transmitted through the first optical circulator 201 is transmitted to the first fiber Bragg reflection grating filter 202. The first fiber Bragg reflection grating filter 202 reflects the light in the first preset wavelength band in the incident light and transmits the light in other wavelength bands. The reflected light in the first preset wavelength band enters from port 2 of the first optical circulator 201 and exits from port 3 of the first optical circulator 201. The light exiting from port 3 of the first optical circulator 201 enters the first output optical fiber.

[0086] The light transmitted by the first fiber Bragg reflection grating filter 202 enters from port 1 of the second optical circulator 203 and exits from port 2 of the second optical circulator 203. The light transmitted through the second optical circulator 203 is transmitted to the second fiber Bragg reflection grating filter 204. The second fiber Bragg reflection grating filter 204 reflects the light in the second preset wavelength band in the incident light and transmits the light in other wavelength bands. The reflected light in the second preset wavelength band enters from port 2 of the second optical circulator 203 and exits from port 3 of the second optical circulator 203. The light exiting from port 3 of the second optical circulator 203 enters the second output optical fiber.

[0087] And so on. In this embodiment, a plurality of fiber Bragg reflection grating filters and a plurality of optical circulators can be provided to separate the incident light into lights of multiple wavelengths.

[0088] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of another beam splitting device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present utility model.

[0089] As Figure 4 shown, in a possible embodiment, the beam splitting device 20 may also adopt a demultiplexer 301 (DEMUX), and the demultiplexer 301 internally includes one of an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG), a diffraction grating, and an optical interferometer structure.

[0090] The parameters of the demultiplexer 301 can be set according to actual working requirements and actual precision requirements to achieve different beam splitting effects on the incident light.

[0091] As Figure 4 shown, the light emitted by the light source 10 is transmitted through an optical fiber to the beam splitting device 20. The incident light passes through the demultiplexer 301 and is directly separated into lights of multiple wavelengths, and lights of different wavelengths enter different output optical fibers.

[0092] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of another beam splitting device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present utility model.

[0093] As shown Figure 5 in FIG. 2, in a possible embodiment, the optical splitter 20 may further employ a multi-channel optical splitter 401 and a plurality of band-pass fiber optic filters 402. Each output path of the multi-channel optical splitter 401 is connected to a band-pass fiber optic filter 402. The multi-channel optical splitter 401 is a device for distributing the integrated waveguide optical power, used to split the optical signal, and the band-pass fiber optic filter 402 is used to filter the light of a specific wavelength, allowing only the light of a specific wavelength to pass through.

[0094] As an example, a 1xN (N represents the number of output optical fibers) multi-channel optical splitter 401 can be used, such as a 1x4 multi-channel optical splitter 401, and a band-pass fiber optic filter 402 is connected to each path of the 1x4 multi-channel optical splitter 401. Each band-pass fiber optic filter 402 is set to allow the light of a different preset wavelength to pass through, and the light passing through each band-pass fiber optic filter 402 is introduced into the corresponding output optical fiber to separate the incident light into lights of multiple wavelengths.

[0095] In a possible embodiment, the optical fiber loop 30 further includes an optical sensing element, which is connected to the root of the optical fiber channel, and the optical sensing element is used to reflect the lights of different wavelengths transmitted by the optical fiber channel.

[0096] Wherein, the optical sensing element is integrally formed with the root of the optical fiber channel or the optical sensing element is adhesively bonded to the root of the optical fiber channel.

[0097] In a possible embodiment, the optical sensing element may employ a reflective label-free optical sensing element.

[0098] In a possible embodiment, the optical fiber loop 30 may further include a beam combining device 40, which is connected to the other end of the optical fiber channel, and the beam combining device 40 is used to combine the lights transmitted by at least some of the multiple optical fiber channels into the same optical fiber.

[0099] The fiber multi-channel sensing optical system 100 based on optical splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing provided by the present utility model may be provided with the beam combining device 40 or may not be provided with the beam combining device 40.

[0100] In a possible embodiment, the optical detection component 50 is used to receive the light transmitted by the optical fiber channels of the optical fiber loop 30 and / or the light combined by the beam combining device 40.

[0101] As an example, when the beam combining device 40 is provided, the optical detection component 50 receives and detects the light combined by the beam combining device 40.

[0102] As another example, when the beam combining device 40 is not provided, the optical detection component 50 receives the light transmitted by the optical fiber channels of the optical fiber loop 30.

[0103] As another example, when a beam combining device 40 is provided and the beam combining device 40 is connected to the other end of a partial optical fiber channel, the optical detection component 50 simultaneously receives the light transmitted through the optical fiber channels not connected to the beam combining device 40 and the light combined by the beam combining device 40.

[0104] In a possible embodiment, the fiber multi-channel sensing optical system 100 based on beam splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing may further include: a plurality of directional coupling devices, which are arranged in the optical fiber channels and are used for coupling and / or directionally transmitting the light transmitted through the optical fiber channels.

[0105] Among them, the directional coupling device adopts any one or a combination of a directional coupler, an optical circulator, etc.

[0106] In a possible embodiment, when detecting a sample to be measured, the sample to be measured is attached to the optical sensing element, and the spectrum or light intensity of the reflected light is measured by the optical detection component 50.

[0107] Among them, the component to be measured in the sample to be measured, such as biomolecules, chemical molecules, and metal ions, can cause light refraction or optical path change, so that the spectrum or light intensity of the light reflected by the optical sensing element changes, and the optical detection device determines the component of the sample to be measured by detecting the received light.

[0108] In a possible embodiment, the light source 10 generates light with a non-single wavelength spectrum. The light generated by the light source 10 is transmitted to the beam splitting device 20, and the beam splitting device 20 separates the light generated by the light source 10 into lights of different wavelengths and transmits them into multiple optical fiber channels of the optical fiber loop; lights of different wavelengths pass through a directional coupling device in each optical fiber channel; the lights of different wavelengths are reflected when passing through the optical sensing element arranged at the root of the optical fiber channel. Since the sample to be measured is attached to the optical sensing element, the spectrum or light intensity of the light reflected by the optical sensing element changes; the light reflected by the optical sensing element is transmitted through multiple optical fiber channels and is combined into the same optical fiber through the beam combining device.

[0109] If a beam combining device 40 is provided, at least part of the light reflected by the optical sensing element and transmitted through multiple optical fiber channels is combined into the same optical fiber through the beam combining device 40, and the combined light is received and detected by the optical detection component 50.

[0110] If the beam combining device 40 is not provided, the light reflected by the optical sensing element and transmitted through multiple optical fiber channels is received and detected by the optical detection component 50.

[0111] As an example, such as Figure 1As shown, a super-luminescent diode (SLD) is used as light source 10 to emit light containing a continuous spectrum. After the light emitted by light source 10 passes through beam splitter device 20, it is separated into lights of different wavelengths. The lights of different wavelengths enter 2×2 fiber optic coupler 70. When the lights of different wavelengths pass through probe 60, they are reflected. The reflected light carries the detection information of probe 60 and is combined into a beam of light by combining device 40, and finally received and detected by light detection component 50. Light detection component 50 is used to analyze the relationship between the light intensity and frequency shift of each wavelength to determine the detection result corresponding to probe 60 of each fiber optic channel.

[0112] Through the above technical solution, the continuous spectrum generated by light source 10 can be divided into lights of different wavelengths and transmitted into different fiber optic channels, and the lights reflected by the optical sensing element can be combined on the same fiber for measurement, realizing the conversion of multi-channel serial measurement realized by an optical switch in the time domain into parallel measurement in the frequency domain, improving the measurement speed of fiber optic multi-channel sensing optical system 100 based on beam splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing, simplifying the system structure, and improving the stability of the system.

[0113] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific implementation manners, and those skilled in the art can make various deformations or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.

Claims

1. An optical fiber multi-channel sensing optical system based on light splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing, characterized in that: include: A light source, coupled into the optical fiber, for generating light of a non-single wavelength spectrum; A spectrometer, one end of which is connected to the light source, and the spectrometer is used to separate the light generated by the light source into lights of different wavelengths; An optical fiber loop, the optical fiber loop comprising a plurality of optical fiber channels, one end of the optical fiber channel being connected to the other end of the optical splitter, the plurality of optical fiber channels being used to transmit light of different wavelengths separated by the optical splitter; A light detection component is connected to the optical fiber loop, and is used to receive and measure the light transmitted by the optical fiber loop.

2. The optical fiber multi-channel sensing optical system based on light splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light splitting device adopts any one or more combinations of a diffraction grating light splitter, an optical fiber filter, a prism refraction light splitter, and a filter.

3. The optical fiber multi-channel sensing optical system based on light splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical fiber loop further includes an optical sensor element, which is connected to the root of the optical fiber channel and is used for reflecting light of different wavelengths transmitted by the optical fiber channel.

4. The optical fiber multi-channel sensing optical system based on light splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The optical sensing element is a reflective markless optical sensing element.

5. The optical fiber multi-channel sensing optical system based on light splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing according to claim 3, characterized in that: When detecting a sample to be tested, the sample to be tested is attached to the optical sensing element, and the spectrum or light intensity of the reflected light is measured by the light detection component.

6. The optical fiber multi-channel sensing optical system based on light splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing according to claim 3, characterized in that: The optical sensing element is formed integrally with the root of the optical fiber channel or the optical sensing element is bonded to the root of the optical fiber channel by an adhesive.

7. The optical fiber multi-channel sensing optical system based on light splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical fiber loop further includes a beam combining device, which is connected to the other end of the optical fiber channel and is used to combine at least part of the light transmitted by the multiple optical fiber channels into the same optical fiber.

8. The optical fiber multi-channel sensing optical system based on light splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The optical detection component is used to receive the light transmitted by the optical fiber channel of the optical fiber loop and / or the light combined by the beam combining device.

9. The optical fiber multi-channel sensing optical system based on light splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A plurality of directional coupling devices are provided in the optical fiber channel, and the directional coupling devices are used for coupling and / or directionally transmitting the light transmitted by the optical fiber channel.

10. The optical fiber multi-channel sensing optical system based on light splitting and optical frequency division multiplexing according to claim 9, characterized in that: The directional coupling device adopts any one or more combinations of a directional coupler and an optical circulator.

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