Slow-flow water purification type small and micro wetland system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a slow flow water purification type small and micro wetland system, which relates to the field of wetland systems and comprises a river channel, a settling pond, a reinforced gabion overflow weir, an ecological floating bed and an aeration pump are sequentially arranged in the river channel from upstream to downstream, and submerged plants and floating-leaf plants are planted in the river channel and around the aeration pump; the ecological floating bed comprises a floating bed plate, a plurality of uniformly distributed hole trays are arranged on the surface of the floating bed plate, and aquatic plants are planted in the hole trays; emergent aquatic plants, vegetation buffer zones and footpaths are arranged on the shores on the two sides of the riverway in the length direction of the riverway. The small and micro wetland system gives full play to various ecological functions such as water conservation, water purification, flood storage, drought resistance, climate regulation and biodiversity maintenance, wetland plants have strong purification and adsorption effects on pollutants in water and bottom mud, the material circulation speed of a water ecological system can be regulated, the water quality is effectively improved, and the water quality is improved. The ecological environment of the wetland is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of wetland systems, and particularly relates to a slow-flow water purification type small and micro wetland system. Background Art

[0002] Wetlands are one of the ecosystems with the highest global biodiversity and provide a variety of ecosystem services for human health and well-being. However, with the development of industry and urbanization, wetlands around the world have suffered serious damage. Currently, large wetlands have received more attention and more perfect protection measures have been implemented, while small wetlands often "absent" in the existing wetland protection systems, protection lists and wetland resource surveys.

[0003] The "Technical Regulations for National Wetland Resources Survey (Trial)" (Forestry Wetland Letter

[2008] No. 265) clearly defines 8 hm2 as the starting area for wetlands. Therefore, many management regulations and measures define wetlands with an area less than 8 hm2 as small and micro wetlands. Small and micro wetlands are small in area, widely distributed, and have fragile ecosystems. Their ecosystem service value has been seriously underestimated and they are invisible natural resources that are easily overlooked. Although small and micro wetlands are small in area, they play a unique ecological function. Small and micro wetlands provide ecosystem services in maintaining key species populations, providing stepping stones for biological migration, regulating rain and flood, improving water quality, and creating beautiful urban and rural landscapes. For a long time, due to the lack of understanding of small and micro wetlands by people, there are serious pollution and overdevelopment problems in small and micro wetlands, resulting in the degradation or even disappearance of a large number of small and micro wetland functions, and there are problems such as single plant species and unremarkable ecological function. Content of the Utility Model

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned existing wetland systems, the present utility model is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of the present utility model is to provide a slow-flow water purification type small and micro wetland system, which solves the problems raised in the background art.

[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present utility model provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A slow-flow water purification type small and micro wetland system includes a river channel. Inside the river channel, a sedimentation pond, a reinforced gabion overflow weir, an ecological floating bed, and an aeration pump are sequentially arranged in the direction from upstream to downstream. Submerged plants and floating-leaved plants are planted around the aeration pump inside the river channel; the ecological floating bed includes a floating bed board, and a plurality of uniformly distributed plug trays are arranged on the surface of the floating bed board, and aquatic plants are planted inside the plug trays; on both sides of the river channel along its length direction, emergent plants, vegetation buffer zones, and footpaths are arranged. The footpath includes a rammed plain soil layer, a sand soil layer, and a layer of construction waste gravel and cobblestones, and the rammed plain soil layer, the sand soil layer, and the layer of construction waste gravel and cobblestones are laid in sequence from bottom to top.

[0008] Preferably, a pebble layer, a gravel layer, a ceramsite layer and a zeolite layer are laid at the bottom of the sedimentation pond.

[0009] Preferably, trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants are planted inside the vegetation buffer zone.

[0010] Furthermore, the gabion overflow weir adopts a stepped overflow weir.

[0011] Preferably, the aeration pump is arranged at the open water surface in the deep water area of the river.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the technical effects and advantages provided by the present utility model are as follows:

[0013] 1. The present utility model can improve the biodiversity of species. The sedimentation pond, the vegetation buffer zone, the vegetation system constructed by aquatic plants and the ecological floating bed in the small and micro wetland system provide a living and breeding space for various animals, plants and microbial communities, create a diverse habitat environment, play a positive role in the preservation of animal and plant species, and improve species diversity.

[0014] 2. The present utility model can conserve water sources, purify water quality, store flood and fight drought, and regulate the microclimate. The small and micro wetland system can store and conserve water sources. The vegetation buffer zone and the sedimentation pond intercept pollutants. The stepped gabion overflow weir filters suspended impurities in the water body, increases the hydraulic retention time, and increases the dissolved oxygen content in the water body. The ecological floating bed and aquatic plants purify and adsorb pollutants. An aeration pump is arranged at the open water surface in the deep water area to aerate and increase oxygen to inhibit the reproduction of algae and bacteria, effectively purifying the water body. When encountering heavy rainfall, the small and micro wetland system has the functions of water retention and peak flow reduction. The vegetation buffer zone and the sedimentation pond overflow weir can gradually slow down the water flow velocity, store flood and fight drought to reduce natural disasters. The small and micro wetland system also has the functions of improving the local climate and purifying the air.

[0015] 3. The present utility model can create a landscape effect of a small and micro wetland garden. The vegetation buffer zone and aquatic plants in the small and micro wetland system are rich in species. The footpath is paved with sand at the bottom and filled with joints, and construction waste gravel and cobblestones are laid to restore the water permeability and air permeability of the road surface, realizing the concept of sponge park construction. The buffer bank slope is ecological and natural. The stepped gabion overflow weir creates a stream and waterfall landscape, and the aeration device creates a fountain landscape. The small and micro wetland is combined with pavilions, garden roads and small landscape features, and plants are configured to realize the landscape function of the small and micro wetland, providing humans with an experience of getting close to nature and a convenient, beautiful and recreational space. Description of the Drawings

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present utility model. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 Of the present utility model Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the ecological floating bed in it;

[0019] Figure 3 Of the present utility model Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the footpath in it.

[0020] Explanation of reference numerals:

[0021] 1. River channel; 2. Sedimentation pond; 3. Reinforced gabion overflow weir; 4. Ecological floating bed; 5. Aeration pump; 6. Submerged plants; 7. Floating-leaved plants; 8. Floating bed board; 9. Plug tray; 10. Aquatic plants; 11. Emergent plants; 12. Vegetation buffer zone; 13. Footpath; 14. Rammed plain soil layer; 15. Sand soil layer; 16. Layer of construction waste gravel and cobblestones. Specific embodiments

[0022] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present utility model, the following will further introduce the present utility model in detail in conjunction with the drawings.

[0023] The present utility model provides a slow-flow water purification type small and micro wetland system as Figures 1-3 shown, which includes a river channel 1. Inside the river channel 1, a sedimentation pond 2, a reinforced gabion overflow weir 3, an ecological floating bed 4, and an aeration pump 5 are sequentially arranged from upstream to downstream. The aeration pump 5 is arranged at the open water surface of the deep water area of the river channel 1. Submerged plants 6 and floating-leaved plants 7 are planted inside the river channel 1 and around the aeration pump 5. The submerged plants 6 are one or more of Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton crispus, Hydrilla verticillata, Myriophyllum verticillatum, Vallisneria natans, etc. The floating-leaved plants are one or more of Nymphaea tetragona, Nymphoides peltata, Brasenia schreberi, Nuphar pumila, etc. The emergent plants are one or more of Phragmites australis, Iris pseudacorus, Scirpus triqueter, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, Cyperus alternifolius, etc.

[0024] The ecological floating bed 4 includes a floating bed board 8. The surface of the floating bed board 8 is provided with a plurality of uniformly distributed plug trays 9, and aquatic plants 10 are planted inside the plug trays 9. The aquatic plants 10 are one or more of Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Pistia stratiotes, Eichhornia crassipes, etc. The aquatic plants 10 of the ecological floating bed 4 purify and adsorb pollutants.

[0025] Emergent plants 11, vegetation buffer zones 12 and trails 13 are arranged along the length of both sides of the river channel 1. The trails 13 include a rammed soil layer 14, a sandy soil layer 15 and a layer 16 of construction waste gravel and pebbles. The rammed soil layer 14, the sandy soil layer 15 and the layer 16 of construction waste gravel and pebbles are laid in sequence from bottom to top. The slope of the vegetation buffer zone 12 with a slope below 15° adopts a geogrid + plant slope protection method and is dotted with block stone slope protection. The slope of the vegetation buffer zone 12 with a slope above 15° adopts an eco-bag slope protection method and a wooden pile slope protection method. The slope of the vegetation buffer zone 12 is generally 2%-6%; there are trees and shrubs inside the vegetation buffer zone 12. and herbaceous plants, including one or more of the following: weeping willow, matsudanax, mulberry, jujube, elm, pear, Amorpha fruticosa, oleander, Chinese tallow tree, neem, fraxinus, snow willow, tamarisk, and mountain pepper; the following: one or more of the following: vitex, ilex, pachysandra, Lespedeza, and nandina domestica; the following: one or more of the following: trifoliate clover, iris, red polygonum, February orchid, hosta, alum root, tall fescue, ryegrass, Zoysia sinensis, alfalfa, dogtooth grass, centipede grass, and horseshoe crab. The paving of the entire emergent plants 11, vegetation buffer zone 12 and trail 13 can restore the water permeability and breathability of the road surface, slow down the convergence flow rate, and realize the concept of sponge park construction.

[0026] The bottom of sedimentation pond 2 is paved with pebble layers, gravel layers, expanded clay layers and zeolite layers, which can intercept and precipitate pollutants, have the functions of sand settling and buffering, and have the functions of retaining water and reducing flood peaks in the event of heavy rainfall, while creating a diverse habitat for aquatic organisms.

[0027] The reinforced gabion overflow weir 3 adopts a stepped overflow weir. The reinforced gabion can filter suspended debris in the water body, increase the hydraulic retention time, effectively purify the water body, slow down the water flow rate after the step-by-step waterfall, and increase the dissolved oxygen content in the water body by 50%-300%.

[0028] In summary: aquatic plants 10 can purify water quality and enhance landscape effects; emergent plants 11 and submerged plants 6 absorb nutrients from the water, increase the oxygen content of the water, and provide oxygen for zooplankton. Microbial communities are attached to the branches and leaves of submerged plants 6, increasing the places for microbial growth and reproduction; floating leaf plants 7 float on the water surface to carry out photosynthesis, block sunlight, and inhibit photosynthetic oxygen release in the water. The anoxic environment of the water provides a good environment for anaerobic microorganisms to remove nitrogen and phosphorus.

[0029] The above only describes some exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. It is undoubted that those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slow-flow water purification micro-wetland system, comprising a river channel (1), characterized in that: A sedimentation pond (2), a reinforced gabion overflow weir (3), an ecological floating bed (4) and an aeration pump (5) are arranged in sequence inside the river channel (1) from upstream to downstream, and submerged plants (6) and floating leaf plants (7) are planted inside the river channel (1) and around the aeration pump (5); The ecological floating bed (4) comprises a floating bed plate (8), a surface of the floating bed plate (8) is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed plug trays (9), and aquatic plants (10) are planted inside the plug trays (9); The banks on both sides of the river channel (1) are provided with emergent plants (11), a vegetation buffer zone (12) and a walkway (13) along its length direction. The walkway (13) comprises a rammed earth layer (14), a sandy soil layer (15) and a layer of construction waste gravel and pebbles (16). The rammed earth layer (14), the sandy soil layer (15) and the layer of construction waste gravel and pebbles (16) are laid in sequence from bottom to top.

2. The slow-flow water purification micro-wetland system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The bottom of the sedimentation pond (2) is paved with a pebble layer, a gravel layer, a ceramsite layer and a zeolite layer.

3. The slow-flow water purification micro-wetland system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The vegetation buffer zone (12) is planted with trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants.

4. The slow-flow water purification micro-wetland system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The steel bar gabion overflow weir (3) is a stepped overflow weir.

5. The slow-flow water purification micro-wetland system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The aeration pump (5) is arranged at the open water surface in the deep water of the river channel (1).

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