Earth and rockfill dam leakage monitoring system based on electroosmosis pulse
By setting up data acquisition units on the earth and rock dam and using electrospray pulse technology to monitor the leakage status of the earth and rock dam, the problems of monitoring and prevention of the earth and rock dam leakage and pipe surge are solved, real-time monitoring and active prevention and control are achieved, and significant economic and social benefits are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422349810.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-25
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-24
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-25
AI Technical Summary
The prior art is difficult to effectively monitor and prevent leakage and pipe surges of soil and rock dams, resulting in potential disaster threats.
An earth and rock dam leakage monitoring system based on electrospending pulse is adopted. This system uses a data acquisition unit to generate electrospending pulses using a pulse generator, and monitors the leakage state of the earth and rock dam through the current data of the positive and negative electrodes.
Real-time monitoring and early warning of the leakage status of the earth and rock dam is achieved. By adjusting the pulse parameters, it can actively prevent and control leakage, reduce costs, and has significant economic and social benefits.
Smart Images
Figure CN223021466U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to a leakage monitoring system for earth-rock dams based on electroosmotic pulses. Background Art
[0002] During the operation of dams, affected by various factors, especially under long-term immersion at high water levels, dangers such as dam leakage, piping, and even breach may occur from time to time. The flood control pressure is high and the responsibility is heavy. Once a disaster occurs, it will endanger the lives and property safety of the people.
[0003] For the schematic diagram of dam leakage, see Figure 9 .
[0004] Leakage usually refers to the phenomenon of water leakage caused by the seepage of water outside the dam. Under the action of seepage flow, the fine particles in the soil are moved and lost in the pore channels formed, the pores of the soil continue to expand, and the seepage flow rate also increases accordingly. Eventually, a continuous seepage channel is formed in the soil body, and the soil body is damaged to form a seepage channel in the dam, and this channel may develop into piping.
[0005] Under the action of the water pressure in the river channel, if the dam body is affected by rats and termites or the water content continues to increase, resulting in unstable dam structure and internal conditions, it is easy to form a seepage channel in the dam body, and this channel may develop into piping.
[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for new technologies and new methods with low cost and remarkable effects to monitor dam leakage to prevent the occurrence of piping. Content of the Utility Model
[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to provide a leakage monitoring system for earth-rock dams based on electroosmotic pulses, which can detect the leakage state of earth-rock dams.
[0008] The technical solution of the utility model is as follows:
[0009] A leakage monitoring system for earth-rock dams based on electroosmotic pulses, with multiple data acquisition units arranged along the earth-rock dam; each data acquisition unit includes a pulse generator for emitting electroosmotic pulses arranged on the earth-rock dam, a negative electrode network or negative electrode rod as the negative electrode arranged on the upstream face of the earth-rock dam, and a positive electrode rod as the positive electrode vertically inserted into the crest or the downstream slope (or upstream slope) of the earth-rock dam; the current data of all data acquisition units are aggregated to the monitoring center, and the current data includes positive electrode current data and negative electrode current data; the monitoring center monitors the leakage of the earth-rock dam in real time based on the measured current data. Specifically, the measured value of the current data is compared with a threshold (the threshold is determined according to the measured values of different types of media, for details, see Figure 11) comparison to determine the leakage state of the earth-rock dam, so as to realize the real-time monitoring of the leakage of the earth-rock dam. The positive rods are arranged at equal intervals.
[0010] The length of the positive rod is 1 - 100 m (determined according to the height of the dam, the higher the dam, the greater the length of the positive rod). The adjacent positive rods are spaced 0.2 to 1 m apart and are vertically buried along the dam crest.
[0011] In the data acquisition unit, the MCU is used as the main control unit. The MCU controls the pulse generator through the pulse drive circuit to generate pulse signals with preset frequency, duty cycle, and voltage value. A first current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connecting the pulse generator to the positive electrode; a second current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connecting the pulse generator to the negative electrode;
[0012] The voltage sampling signals generated on the first current sampling resistor and the second current sampling resistor enter the MCU respectively after passing through their corresponding amplifier circuits and A / D conversion circuits to complete the data acquisition.
[0013] The main function of the MCU data conversion is to convert the analog signal into a binary format, and then through digital filtering, classification, storage, and encoding into the CAN communication protocol format and send it to the bus through the CAN controller.
[0014] The positive electrode uses a zinc tube positive electrode.
[0015] It also includes an Internet of Things platform. The monitoring center is communicatively connected to the Internet of Things platform; the monitoring center and the Internet of Things platform are communicatively connected through the MQTT mechanism. MQTT is Message Queuing Telemetry Transport, that is, Message Queue Telemetry Transport.
[0016] The monitoring center is communicatively connected to multiple data acquisition units through the CAN bus.
[0017] An alarm is provided at the data acquisition unit or the monitoring center.
[0018] The system includes a monitoring center and multiple data acquisition units; the monitoring center is communicatively connected to multiple data acquisition units; each data acquisition unit includes a pulse generator and multiple positive electrodes and multiple negative electrodes connected to the pulse generator. The positive and negative electrodes are evenly arranged on the earth-rock dam. The data acquisition unit collects current data from the positive and negative electrodes as a data acquisition unit; the pulse generator is used to generate electroosmotic pulses; the monitoring center is used to collect the current data sampled by each data acquisition unit and perform data processing, so as to realize the monitoring of the landslide state and actively stabilize the landslide body based on the electroosmotic pulses.
[0019] A method for monitoring the leakage of an earth-rock dam based on electroosmotic pulses, using the aforementioned system for monitoring the leakage of an earth-rock dam based on electroosmotic pulses;
[0020] Judge the water content of the earth-rock dam by the current data collected by the data acquisition unit at the dam site, and realize the leakage monitoring of the earth-rock dam.
[0021] When the current is higher than the preset value, increase the duty cycle of the electroosmotic pulse to reduce the water content of the landslide body and achieve the active stabilization of the landslide body. When the water content exceeds 20%, the positive pulse width increases by 5 milliseconds every 1 - 6 hours, and the negative pulse decreases by 2 milliseconds until the water content drops to 20%. Then, the positive pulse width decreases by 5 milliseconds every 1 - 6 hours, and the negative pulse increases by 2 milliseconds at the same time to keep the water content of the slope body stable. The preferred parameters (or preset parameters) of the electroosmotic pulse are as follows: the positive pulse width is 100 - 200 ms, the negative pulse width is 5 - 150 ms, the frequency is 3 - 5 Hz, and the pulse voltage range is 12 - 80 V. It is preferably to use a safety voltage of 32 - 36 V. According to the actual situation, a higher voltage can also be used.
[0022] If the current is higher than the preset alarm value, the monitoring center or the data acquisition unit will start the alarm. The alarm includes audible and visual alarms and telephone alarms, etc.
[0023] In the present utility model, the principle of applying electroosmosis technology to prevent leakage of earth-rock dams is described as follows:
[0024] The electroosmotic pulse technology is mainly based on the electroosmosis principle of water and pulse technology.
[0025] The electroosmosis principle of water: Install positive and negative electrodes on the structure body of porous medium (such as soil, sand, gravel, concrete, etc.), connect the power supply, apply a micro current, and the water molecules in the structure body will combine with the cations in the pores to form positively charged hydrated cations, and then move from the positive electrode to the negative electrode.
[0026] Pulse technology: It is a method of controlling the release of current. By pausing, storing, compressing, and converting the current and then instantaneously releasing it to the load, the electric energy can be greatly enhanced.
[0027] The electroosmotic pulse technology: Connect the pulse generating circuit with the positive and negative electrode units to form an electric field that can make the free water in the structure body migrate directionally. By adjusting the frequency and magnitude of the positive and negative pulses, the migration direction and rate of the water in the structure body can be controlled.
[0028] According to the above principle, install the positive electrode on the side of the structure body that needs to be dried (usually on the back water surface), and install the negative electrode on the water-facing surface of the structure body. As long as the system remains in working condition, the excess water in the structure body will move from the back water surface of the structure to the water-facing surface; at the same time, it also prevents the water on the water-facing surface from penetrating into the structure body, so that the structure body remains in a permanently dry state. See Figure 10 .
[0029] Beneficial effects:
[0030] The leakage monitoring system of earth-rock dams based on electroosmotic pulses of the present utility model can, through the basic principle of electroosmotic pulses, monitor the moisture content in the earth-rock dam and its changing trend in real time through current. It can not only give early warnings, but also actively prevent and control the occurrence of leakage by adjusting the pulse parameters. Moreover, it has low cost and convenient layout, and has significant economic benefits (cost advantages) and social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0031] Figure 1 is a layout schematic diagram (top view) of the landslide body stabilization system of the present utility model;
[0032] Figure 2 is a layout schematic diagram (side sectional view) of the landslide body stabilization system of the present utility model;
[0033] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the positive electrode rod (front sectional view);
[0034] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the state after the negative electrode net is wound up;
[0035] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the state after the negative electrode net is unfolded (oblique grid);
[0036] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the state after the negative electrode net is unfolded (positive square grid);
[0037] Figure 7 is the overall block diagram of the electroosmotic pulse system;
[0038] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of data acquisition in the electroosmotic pulse system;
[0039] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the position of the seepage channel in the earth-rock dam.
[0040] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the effects of natural leakage of the earth-rock dam and the intervention of the present utility model;
[0041] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram for judging leakage.
[0042] Label description: 1 - Pulse generator, 2 - Negative electrode layout area, 3 - Positive electrode layout area, 4 - Mesh electrode, 5 - Zinc tube positive electrode; 6 - Copper core wire, 7 - Conductive PE layer, 8 - Conductive silver paste, 9 - Zinc tube, 10 - Sharp cone, 11 - Electrode roll, 12 - Electrode expansion end. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0043] The following will further describe the present utility model in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments:
[0044] Example 1: As Figures 7 - 8 shown, a seepage monitoring system for earth-rock dams based on electroosmotic pulses includes a monitoring center and multiple data acquisition units;
[0045] The monitoring center is communicatively connected to multiple data acquisition units;
[0046] Each data acquisition unit includes a pulse generator, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode connected to the pulse generator. The positive and negative electrodes are evenly arranged on the earth-rock dam. The data acquisition unit collects current data from the positive and negative electrodes as a data acquisition unit; the pulse generator is used to generate electroosmotic pulses;
[0047] The monitoring center is used to collect the current data sampled by each data acquisition unit and perform data processing, so as to realize the monitoring of the landslide body state and actively stabilize the landslide body based on the electroosmotic pulses.
[0048] It also includes an Internet of Things platform, and the monitoring center is communicatively connected to the Internet of Things platform. The monitoring center and the Internet of Things platform are communicatively connected through the MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) mechanism.
[0049] The monitoring center is communicatively connected to multiple data acquisition units through a CAN bus.
[0050] In the data acquisition unit, the MCU serves as the main control unit. The MCU controls the pulse generator to generate pulse signals with a preset frequency, duty cycle, and voltage value through a pulse drive circuit. A first current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connecting the pulse generator to the positive electrode; a second current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connecting the pulse generator to the negative electrode;
[0051] The voltage sampling signals generated on the first current sampling resistor and the second current sampling resistor enter the MCU after passing through their respective corresponding amplifier circuits and A / D conversion circuits, completing the data acquisition.
[0052] The main data conversion of the MCU is to convert the analog signal into a binary format, and then through digital filtering, classification, storage, and encoding into the CAN communication protocol format and sent to the bus through the CAN controller.
[0053] An alarm is provided at the monitoring center or the data acquisition unit.
[0054] The negative electrode is a negative electrode network, and the positive electrode uses a zinc tube positive electrode.
[0055] Specifically, the monitoring center uses a system screen. The system screen is a touch screen with an embedded operating system, which is used to view the data status at each site and the safety indicators of the dam. When necessary, relevant parameters can be set.
[0056] As Figures 1 - 6 , the negative electrode network is arranged along the slope surface where the dam contacts the water body; the zinc tube positive electrode is inserted into the structure of the dam (i.e., the natural soil or concrete of the dam itself), and the pulse generator is arranged on the dam.
[0057] A method for monitoring seepage of earth-rock dams based on electroosmotic pulses uses the aforementioned electroosmotic pulse-based earth-rock dam seepage monitoring system;
[0058] Judge the water content of the landslide body through the current data on the dam site collected by the data acquisition unit to realize the state monitoring of the landslide body;
[0059] When the current is higher than the preset value, increase the duty cycle of the electroosmotic pulse to reduce the water content rate of the landslide body and achieve the active stabilization of the landslide body.
[0060] The specific control method is: when the water content rate exceeds 20%, the positive pulse width increases by 5 milliseconds every 6 hours, and the negative pulse decreases by 2 milliseconds. Until the water content rate drops by 20%, the positive pulse width decreases by 5 milliseconds every 6 hours, and at the same time the negative pulse increases by 2 milliseconds to keep the water content rate of the slope body stable.
[0061] The electroosmotic pulse parameter setting range: positive pulse width 100 - 200ms, negative pulse width 5 - 150ms, frequency 3 to 5Hz.
[0062] If the current is higher than the preset alarm value, the monitoring center or the data acquisition unit will start the alarm. Such as audible and visual alarm, telephone alarm, etc.
[0063] The structure of the rod-shaped electrode as the positive electrode is as Figure 3 shown. The outer layer of the rod-shaped electrode uses a zinc tube with a certain structural strength. The zinc tube not only has strong corrosion resistance, but also has excellent electrical conductivity, and can continuously provide cations under the action of electroosmosis to form hydrated cations; the front end of the rod-shaped electrode uses a conical structure, which is convenient to easily penetrate the earth-rock layer under the action of applied pressure and is convenient to be buried inside the dam. The current transmission uses an inner core copper wire, and the outer layer of conductive PE is used as the conduction of the positive electrode current. The middle gap part between the conductive PE and the zinc tube is filled with conductive silver paste. This structure can effectively ensure the strength of the distal electroosmotic field without attenuation. The conductive silver paste is filled to ensure good contact between the conductive PE and the zinc tube. A heat shrinkable sleeve can also be set at the upper end of the rod-shaped electrode to prevent the overflow of the conductive silver paste.
[0064] For the structure of the negative electrode network and its layout and application in the earth-rock dam, refer to Figures 1 - 2 , and Figures 4 - 5 .
[0065] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model shall be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A leakage monitoring system for earth-rock dam based on electroosmotic pulse, characterized by: A plurality of data acquisition units are arranged along the earth-rock dam; each data acquisition unit comprises a pulse generator arranged on the earth-rock dam for emitting electroosmotic pulses, a negative electrode net arranged on the water-facing surface of the earth-rock dam as a negative electrode, and a positive electrode rod vertically inserted into the dam top or backwater slope of the earth-rock dam as a positive electrode; the current data of all data acquisition units are collected to a monitoring center, and the current data comprises positive electrode current data and negative electrode current data; the monitoring center monitors the leakage of the earth-rock dam in real time based on the measured current data.
2. The earth-rock dam leakage monitoring system based on electroosmotic pulse according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The positive electrodes are arranged at equal intervals.
3. The earth-rock dam leakage monitoring system based on electroosmotic pulse according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The length of the positive electrode rod is 1-100m, the interval between adjacent positive electrode rods is 0.2 to 1m, and they are buried vertically along the dam top.
4. The earth-rock dam leakage monitoring system based on electroosmotic pulse according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the data acquisition unit, the MCU serves as the main control unit. The MCU controls the pulse generator to generate a pulse signal with a preset frequency, duty cycle and voltage value through a pulse drive circuit. A first current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connected to the positive electrode of the pulse generator; a second current sampling resistor is provided on the wire connected to the negative electrode of the pulse generator; The voltage sampling signals generated on the first current sampling resistor and the second current sampling resistor respectively pass through the corresponding amplification circuit and A / D conversion circuit and then enter the MCU to complete data collection.
5. The earth-rock dam leakage monitoring system based on electroosmotic pulse according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The positive electrode adopts zinc tube positive electrode.
6. The earth-rock dam leakage monitoring system based on electroosmotic pulse according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes an Internet of Things platform, and the monitoring center is connected to the Internet of Things platform in communication; the monitoring center and the Internet of Things platform are connected in communication via the MQTT mechanism.
7. The earth-rock dam leakage monitoring system based on electroosmotic pulse according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The monitoring center is connected with multiple data acquisition units via CAN bus communication.
8. The earth-rock dam leakage monitoring system based on electroosmotic pulse according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: An alarm is provided at the data collection unit or monitoring center.