Track base plate of heavy haul railway and track

Abstract

The utility model relates to a track base plate of a heavy haul railway and a track, and relates to the technical field of track detection. The track base plate of the heavy haul railway comprises a base plate body and a sensor assembly. The base plate body comprises a bottom face and a top face which are opposite in the thickness direction. The sensor assembly is arranged in the base plate body. The sensor assembly comprises a first film pressure sensor, a second film pressure sensor and a third film pressure sensor. A first preset included angle is formed between the surface of the first film pressure sensor and the bottom surface along the length direction of the base plate body. A second preset included angle is formed between the second film pressure sensor and the bottom face in the width direction of the base plate body. The first preset included angle and the second preset included angle are acute angles. And the third film pressure sensor is parallel to the bottom surface. According to the track base plate of the heavy haul railway, the stress of the track can be monitored in real time so as to monitor the deformation condition of the track, the problem possibly causing accidents can be found in time, and therefore the safety of a heavy haul railway system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of track detection, and particularly to a track tie plate and a track for heavy-haul railways. Background Art

[0002] A heavy-haul railway refers to a railway with a large total weight of the trains running on it, large axle-load freight cars running on it, or a high traffic density and large transportation volume, and is mainly used for transporting large raw material goods. Due to the large gravity of heavy-haul railway trains, the tracks of heavy-haul railways are prone to deformation after long-term use, posing certain potential safety hazards. Content of the Utility Model

[0003] The utility model provides a track tie plate and a track for heavy-haul railways, which can monitor the pressure on the track in real time, monitor the deformation of the track through the force on the track, and timely discover problems that may lead to accidents, thereby improving the safety of the heavy-haul railway system.

[0004] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a track tie plate for a heavy-haul railway, including: a tie plate body including a bottom surface and a top surface opposite to each other in the thickness direction; and a sensor assembly disposed inside the tie plate body. The sensor assembly includes a first thin-film pressure sensor, a second thin-film pressure sensor, and a third thin-film pressure sensor. Along the length direction of the tie plate body, the plane where the first thin-film pressure sensor is located forms a first preset angle with the bottom surface, and along the width direction of the tie plate body, the plane where the second thin-film pressure sensor is located forms a second preset angle with the bottom surface. Both the first preset angle and the second preset angle are acute angles, and the third thin-film pressure sensor is parallel to the bottom surface.

[0005] According to the foregoing embodiment of the first aspect of the present application, both the first preset angle and the second preset angle are greater than or equal to 20° and less than or equal to 70°.

[0006] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the tie plate body further includes a cover plate and a placement cavity recessed from the top surface to the bottom surface. The cover plate covers the placement cavity. A first groove and a second groove are provided at the bottom of the placement cavity. The first thin-film pressure sensor is disposed in the first groove, the second thin-film pressure sensor is disposed in the second groove, and the third thin-film pressure sensor is disposed in the placement cavity.

[0007] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the first groove includes a first positioning surface and / or the second groove includes a second positioning surface. The first thin-film pressure sensor is fixed to the first positioning surface, and the angle between the first positioning surface and the bottom surface is the first preset angle; the second thin-film pressure sensor is fixed to the second positioning surface, and the angle between the first positioning surface and the bottom surface is the second preset angle.

[0008] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the cross-section of the first groove along the length direction of the backing plate body is V-shaped, and / or the cross-section of the second groove along the width direction of the backing plate body is V-shaped.

[0009] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, a first convex block that fits with the first groove is provided on one side of the cover plate facing the placement cavity, and / or a second convex block that fits with the second groove is provided on one side of the cover plate facing the placement cavity.

[0010] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the side of the cover plate facing away from the placement cavity and the top surface of the backing plate body are on the same plane.

[0011] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the sensor assembly further includes a connection line for data transmission, and the connection line is electrically connected to the first thin-film pressure sensor, the second thin-film pressure sensor, and the third thin-film pressure sensor respectively.

[0012] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the backing plate body is made of a flexible material.

[0013] According to any of the foregoing embodiments of the first aspect of the present application, the thicknesses of the first thin-film pressure sensor, the second thin-film pressure sensor, and the third thin-film pressure sensor are all less than or equal to 2 mm.

[0014] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a track, including the track backing plate of the heavy-haul railway according to any one of the foregoing of the first aspect of the present application.

[0015] For the track backing plate of the heavy-haul railway according to the embodiments of the present application, by arranging a sensor assembly inside the backing plate body, the track backing plate has the function of monitoring the track pressure. Specifically, by setting that the surface where the first thin-film pressure sensor is located along the length direction of the backing plate body and the bottom surface have a first preset angle, the first thin-film pressure sensor can monitor the lateral pressure on the track. By setting that the second thin-film pressure sensor along the width direction of the backing plate body and the bottom surface have a second preset angle, the second thin-film pressure sensor can monitor the longitudinal pressure on the track. By setting that the third thin-film pressure sensor is parallel to the bottom surface, the third thin-film pressure sensor can monitor the vertical pressure on the track. By monitoring the pressure on the track backing plate in the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical directions in real time, the detection of track deformation is realized, and then the problems that may cause accidents due to track deformation can be discovered in time, thereby improving the safety of the heavy-haul railway system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on embodiments with reference to the drawings.

[0017] Figure 1It is a schematic structural diagram of a track tie plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 It is an exploded schematic diagram of the track tie plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the track tie plate with the cover plate omitted in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 It is Figure 3 a schematic diagram of the A-A cross-section in

[0021] Figure 5 It is Figure 3 a schematic diagram of the B-B cross-section in

[0022] Reference numerals:

[0023] 100 - track tie plate;

[0024] 10 - tie plate body; 11 - top surface; 12 - bottom surface; 13 - cover plate; K1 - first convex block; K2 - second convex block; 14 - placement cavity; C1 - first groove; M1 - first positioning surface; C2 - second groove; M2 - second positioning surface;

[0025] 20 - sensor assembly; 21 - first thin-film pressure sensor; 22 - second thin-film pressure sensor; 23 - third thin-film pressure sensor; 24 - connecting wire;

[0026] α - first preset angle; β - second preset angle; X - length direction; Y - width direction; Z - thickness direction. Detailed implementation manners

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] Heavy-haul railways refer to railways with a large total weight of the trains running, large axle-load freight cars running, or high traffic density and large traffic volume, and are mainly used for transporting large raw material goods. Heavy-haul railways generally include a subgrade and tracks provided on the subgrade. The tracks generally include rails, sleepers, track tie plates, fastener assemblies, and the subgrade.

[0029] In the related art, the track tie plate is provided between the rails and the sleepers, and can mainly buffer the high-speed vibrations and impacts generated when the train passes through the track to protect the subgrade. Due to the large gravity of the heavy-haul railway trains, the heavy-haul railway tracks are prone to deformation under the action of the vertical force, lateral force, and longitudinal force of the heavy-haul railway trains during long-term use, thereby affecting the stability and safety of the trains, and there are certain potential safety hazards.

[0030] The present utility model provides an elastic rail pad and a track for heavy-haul railways, which can monitor the track pressure in real time, and detect the track deformation condition through the track pressure, and timely discover problems that may cause accidents, thereby improving the stability and safety of the heavy-haul railway system.

[0031] Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of an elastic rail pad in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 is an exploded view of the elastic rail pad in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 is a schematic structural view of the elastic rail pad with the cover plate omitted in an embodiment of the present application. As Figures 1-3 shown, and referring to Figures 4-5 as well, the embodiment of the present application provides an elastic rail pad 100 for a heavy-haul railway. The elastic rail pad 100 includes a pad body 10 and a sensor assembly 20. The pad body 10 includes a bottom surface 12 and a top surface 11 facing away from each other in the thickness direction Z. The sensor assembly 20 is disposed inside the pad body 10. The sensor assembly 20 includes a first thin-film pressure sensor 21, a second thin-film pressure sensor 22, and a third thin-film pressure sensor 23. The surface where the first thin-film pressure sensor 21 is located has a first preset angle α with the bottom surface 12 along the length-width direction Y of the pad body 10. The surface where the second thin-film pressure sensor 22 is located has a second preset angle β with the bottom surface 12 along the width-length direction X of the pad body 10. Both the first preset angle α and the second preset angle β are acute angles. The third thin-film pressure sensor 23 is parallel to the bottom surface 12.

[0032] It should be noted that when the elastic rail pad 100 is installed on the track, the length direction X of the elastic rail pad 100 is consistent with the longitudinal direction of the track, i.e., the direction of train operation, and the width direction Y of the elastic rail pad 100 is consistent with the transverse direction of the track, i.e., perpendicular to the direction of train operation.

[0033] It can be understood that the pad body 10 has a bottom surface 12 and a top surface 11 facing away from each other in the thickness direction Z. The bottom surface 12 is used to contact the sub-ballast (such as a sleeper), and the top surface 11 contacts the bottom of the rail to transfer and disperse the pressure generated during train operation.

[0034] It should be noted that both the first preset angle α and the second preset angle β are acute angles, specifically referring to that the ranges of both the first preset angle α and the second preset angle β are from 0° to 90° (excluding the end values 0° and 90°).

[0035] Along the length direction X of the pad body 10, the plane where the first thin-film pressure sensor 21 is located forms a first preset angle α with the bottom surface 12. Specifically, it means that the plane where the detection unit of the first thin-film pressure sensor 21 is located forms a first preset angle α with the bottom surface 12. Along the width direction Y of the pad body 10, the plane where the second thin-film pressure sensor 22 is located forms a second preset angle β with the bottom surface 12. Specifically, it means that the plane where the detection unit of the second thin-film pressure sensor 22 is located forms a second preset angle β with the bottom surface 12.

[0036] When the track is subjected to a lateral force (i.e., perpendicular to the train running direction), the lateral force can be transmitted to the pad body 10 of the track pad 100 through the rail. Since the plane where the first thin-film pressure sensor 21 is located along the width direction Y and length direction X of the pad body 10 forms a first preset angle α with the bottom surface 12, the component force of the lateral force acts perpendicularly to the plane where the first thin-film pressure sensor 21 is located. That is, the first thin-film pressure sensor 21 can detect that the acting force is the resultant force composed of the component force of the track lateral force and the component force of the vertical force (i.e., the direction perpendicular to the track plane). By calculating and analyzing the resultant force detected by the first thin-film pressure sensor 21, the lateral force received by the track can be indirectly obtained, and then the track lateral force can be monitored.

[0037] Similarly, when the track is subjected to a longitudinal force (i.e., the train running direction), the longitudinal force can be transmitted to the pad body 10 of the track pad 100 through the rail. Since the second thin-film pressure sensor 22 along the width and length direction X of the pad body 10 forms a second preset angle β with the bottom surface 12, the component force of the longitudinal force acts perpendicularly to the plane where the second thin-film pressure sensor 22 is located. That is, the second thin-film pressure sensor 22 can detect that the acting force is the resultant force composed of the component force of the track longitudinal force and the component force of the vertical force (i.e., the direction perpendicular to the track plane). By calculating and analyzing the resultant force detected by the second thin-film pressure sensor 22, the longitudinal force received by the track can be indirectly obtained, and then the track lateral force can be monitored.

[0038] Since the third thin-film pressure sensor 23 is parallel to the bottom surface 12 of the pad body 10, the third thin-film pressure sensor 23 can monitor the pressure received by the track in the vertical direction (i.e., the direction perpendicular to the track plane), and realize the real-time monitoring of the pressure received by the track in the vertical direction.

[0039] Specifically, the calculation formulas for the lateral force and longitudinal force received by the backing plate itself are: F lateral measurement = F vertical * cosα + F lateral * sinα, F lateral = (F resultant - F vertical * cos45°) / Sin45°; similarly, F longitudinal measurement = F vertical * cosβ + F lateral * sinβ, F longitudinal = (F longitudinal measurement - F vertical * cosβ) / Sinβ. Among them, F lateral measurement: the force detected by the first thin-film pressure sensor 21, F vertical: the force detected by the third thin-film pressure sensor 23, F lateral: the lateral acting force received by the track, F longitudinal: the longitudinal acting force received by the track.

[0040] According to the track backing plate 100 of the heavy-haul railway in the embodiment of the present application, by integrating the sensor assembly 20 inside the backing plate body 10, the thin-film pressure sensors arranged at specific angles are used to monitor the forces on the track in the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical directions. According to the data monitored by the thin-film pressure sensors, the force state and deformation of the track can be judged. At the same time, due to the characteristics of the structure of the thin-film pressure sensor itself, it will not affect the overall structural strength and stability of the track backing plate 100, and has high sensitivity, fast response, and high measurement range, enabling the track backing plate 100 to monitor the changes in track forces more accurately, realizing the comprehensive monitoring of potential safety hazards that may be caused by track deformation or uneven forces, and thus taking corresponding measures for prevention or repair to ensure the safe operation of the heavy-haul railway system.

[0041] In some embodiments, both the first preset angle α and the second preset angle β are greater than or equal to 20° and less than or equal to 70°.

[0042] It should be noted that the selection of the angles of the first preset angle α and the second preset angle β directly affects the sensitivity of the first thin-film pressure sensor 21 and the second thin-film pressure sensor 22 to the deformation of the backing plate body 10. Too small an angle may cause the first thin-film pressure sensor 21 and the second thin-film pressure sensor 22 to be not sensitive enough to the deformation, while too large an angle may introduce unnecessary measurement errors.

[0043] In this embodiment, when the value ranges of the first preset angle α and the second preset angle β are from 20° to 70° (including the end values 20° and 70°), the first thin-film pressure sensor 21 and the second thin-film pressure sensor 22 can better balance sensitivity and accuracy to ensure the accurate monitoring of track force changes.

[0044] Furthermore, the values of the first preset angle α and the second preset angle β are preferably 45°.

[0045] Such as Figure 3As shown, in some embodiments, the side of the cover plate 13 facing away from the placement cavity 14 is on the same plane as the top surface 11 of the backing plate body 10, making the top surface 11 of the track pad 100 body smoother and more uniform, and reducing the wear of the backing plate body 10.

[0046] In some embodiments, the sensor assembly 20 further includes a connection line 24 for data transmission. The connection line 24 is electrically connected to the first thin-film pressure sensor 21, the second thin-film pressure sensor 22, and the third thin-film pressure sensor 23 respectively.

[0047] In this embodiment, the connection line 24 is used to transmit the pressure data monitored by the first thin-film pressure sensor 21, the second thin-film pressure sensor 22, and the third thin-film pressure sensor 23 to the host computer, so that the host computer calculates and analyzes the pressure data and outputs the processing results to the user in the form of graphics, reports, alarm information, etc. The user can understand the real-time pressure and deformation conditions of the track based on these results, evaluate the running safety performance of the train, and make corresponding decisions and adjustments.

[0048] As Figures 1-3 shown, and referring to Figures 4-5 , in some embodiments, the backing plate body 10 further includes a cover plate 13 and a placement cavity 14 recessed from the top surface 11 to the bottom surface 12. The cover plate 13 covers the placement cavity 14, and the bottom of the placement cavity 14 is provided with a first groove C1 and a second groove C2. The first thin-film pressure sensor 21 is disposed in the first groove C1. The second thin-film pressure sensor 22 is disposed in the second groove C2. The third thin-film pressure sensor 23 is disposed in the placement cavity 14.

[0049] In this embodiment, the placement cavity 14 provides a dedicated installation space for the first thin-film pressure sensor 21, the second thin-film pressure sensor 22, and the third thin-film pressure sensor 23, saving the overall space of the backing plate body 10. The cover plate 13 covers the placement cavity 14, playing a role in protecting the sensor assembly 20 and preventing the sensor assembly 20 from being impacted and damaged externally. At the same time, by disposing the first thin-film pressure sensor 21 in the first groove C1 and the second thin-film pressure sensor 22 in the second groove C2, it is ensured that the first thin-film pressure sensor 21 and the second thin-film pressure sensor 22 can be stably fixed in the predetermined position during installation, avoiding displacement or detachment during use. At the same time, the first groove C1 and the second groove C2 can also respectively provide certain support and protection for the first thin-film pressure sensor 21 and the second thin-film pressure sensor 22, reducing the influence of external factors on the first thin-film pressure sensor 21 and the second thin-film pressure sensor 22.

[0050] As Figures 4-5As shown, in some embodiments, the first groove C1 includes a first positioning surface M1 and / or the second groove C2 includes a second positioning surface M2, and the first thin-film pressure sensor 21 is fixed to the first positioning surface M1. The angle between the first positioning surface M1 and the bottom surface 12 is a first preset angle α; the second thin-film pressure sensor 22 is fixed to the second positioning surface M2. The angle between the first positioning surface M1 and the bottom surface 12 is a second preset angle β.

[0051] In this embodiment, the first positioning surface M1 of the first groove C1 plays a role in installing and positioning the first thin-film pressure sensor 21. By setting the angle between the first positioning surface M1 and the bottom surface 12 of the backing plate body 10 as the first preset angle α, the first thin-film pressure sensor 21 installed on the first positioning surface M1 has a first preset angle α with the bottom surface 12 of the backing plate body 10. Similarly, the second positioning surface M2 of the second groove C2 plays a role in installing and positioning the second thin-film pressure sensor 22. By setting the angle between the second positioning surface M2 and the bottom surface 12 of the backing plate body 10 as the second preset angle β, the second thin-film pressure sensor 22 installed on the second positioning surface M2 has a second preset angle β with the bottom surface 12 of the backing plate body 10. The first positioning surface M1 and the second positioning surface M2 respectively provide stable support for the first thin-film pressure sensor 21 and the second thin-film pressure sensor 22, ensuring that the first thin-film pressure sensor 21 and the second thin-film pressure sensor 22 will not shift or fall off during installation and use, improving the measurement accuracy and stability of the first thin-film pressure sensor 21 and the second thin-film pressure sensor 22, and thus realizing comprehensive and accurate monitoring of the force on the track.

[0052] As Figures 4-5 shown, in some embodiments, the cross-section of the first groove C1 along the length direction X of the backing plate body 10 is V-shaped, and / or the cross-section of the second groove C2 along the width direction Y of the backing plate body 10 is V-shaped.

[0053] In this embodiment, when the backing plate body 10 is subjected to an external force, since both the first groove C1 and the second groove C2 are V-shaped grooves, the first groove C1 and the second groove C2 are more likely to deform. This deformation can be more directly transmitted to the thin-film pressure sensor fixed in the groove, thereby improving the sensitivity of the thin-film pressure sensor to deformation, improving the measurement accuracy of the force change on the track, and making the monitoring data more accurate and reliable.

[0054] As Figure 2 shown, in some embodiments, the side of the cover plate 13 facing the placement cavity 14 is provided with a first convex block K1 that fits with the first groove C1, and / or the side of the cover plate 13 facing the placement cavity 14 is provided with a second convex block K2 that fits with the second groove C2.

[0055] In this embodiment, when the track is subjected to external force, the first protrusion K1 is engaged with the first groove C1 so that the first protrusion K1 can effectively squeeze the first film pressure sensor 21 located in the first groove C1, thereby improving the sensitivity of the first film pressure sensor 21 to pressure and the efficiency and accuracy of obtaining pressure data.

[0056] Similarly, since the second protrusion K2 is engaged with the second groove C2, the second protrusion K2 can effectively squeeze the second film pressure sensor 22 located in the second groove C2, thereby improving the pressure sensitivity of the second film pressure sensor 22 and the efficiency and accuracy of obtaining pressure data.

[0057] On the other hand, the interlocking structure of the protrusion and the groove not only enhances the fixing effect of the cover plate 13, but also makes the cover plate 13 more stable when subjected to external forces. This stability helps to reduce sensor measurement errors caused by loosening or displacement of the cover plate 13 and improve the reliability of monitoring data.

[0058] In some embodiments, the pad body 10 is made of a flexible material. In this embodiment, the pad body 10 is made of a flexible material, such as a rubber material or a thermoplastic polyurethane material, which has the properties of fatigue resistance, aging resistance, and strong wear resistance, and can better fit the sensor assembly 20, and ensure the stability of the heavy-duty railway track pad 100. The flexible material can effectively absorb and disperse the vibration and impact generated during the travel of the train, thereby reducing the impact of noise and vibration on the surrounding environment, and at the same time can make the pad body 10 have good elasticity and deformability, so that the pad body 10 can better adapt to the complex environment of the track and the force changes under different working conditions. Whether it is to withstand the heavy load pressure of the train or to cope with the slight deformation of the track, the flexible pad can provide effective support and buffering.

[0059] In some embodiments, the thickness of the first thin film pressure sensor 21 , the second thin film pressure sensor 22 , and the third thin film pressure sensor 23 are all less than or equal to 2 mm.

[0060] It should be noted that due to the thickness design requirements of the track pad 100, the thickness of the first film pressure sensor 21, the second film pressure sensor 22 and the third film pressure sensor 23 must be controlled below 2 mm. When the thickness of the film pressure sensor is less than or equal to 2 mm, it has a faster response speed and higher sensitivity.

[0061] The present application also provides a track, comprising the track pad 100 of the heavy-load railway according to any one of the aforementioned items of the present application.

[0062] The embodiment of the present application further provides a track, which includes a rail, a sleeper, a fastener assembly connecting the rail and the sleeper, and the track pad 100 of the heavy-haul railway in any of the foregoing embodiments of the present application. The track pad 100 is disposed between the rail and the sleeper. The top surface 11 of the track pad 100 contacts the rail, and the top surface 11 of the track pad 100 contacts the sleeper. Since the track provided by the embodiment of the present application has the track pad 100 in any of the above embodiments, this track has the advantage of being able to monitor its own pressure and deformation conditions, etc.

[0063] Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, various modifications can be made to it and components therein can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any way. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the text, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A track pad for a heavy-duty railway, characterized in that: include: The backing plate body comprises a bottom surface and a top surface opposite to each other in the thickness direction; as well as A sensor assembly, wherein the sensor assembly is arranged inside the pad body, and the sensor assembly includes a first thin film pressure sensor, a second thin film pressure sensor and a third thin film pressure sensor. Along the length direction of the pad body, the surface where the first thin film pressure sensor is located has a first preset angle with the bottom surface, and along the width direction of the pad body, the surface where the second thin film pressure sensor is located has a second preset angle with the bottom surface. The first preset angle and the second preset angle are both acute angles, and the third thin film pressure sensor is parallel to the bottom surface.

2. The track pad for heavy-load railway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first preset angle and the second preset angle are both greater than or equal to 20° and less than or equal to 70°.

3. The heavy-duty railway track pad according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The pad body also includes a cover plate and a placement cavity recessed from the top surface to the bottom surface, the cover plate covers the placement cavity, the bottom of the placement cavity is provided with a first groove and a second groove, the first film pressure sensor is arranged in the first groove, the second film pressure sensor is arranged in the second groove, and the third film pressure sensor is arranged in the placement cavity.

4. The track pad for heavy-load railway according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first groove includes a first positioning surface and / or the second groove includes a second positioning surface, the first thin film pressure sensor is fixed to the first positioning surface, and the angle between the first positioning surface and the bottom surface is the first preset angle; the second thin film pressure sensor is fixed to the second positioning surface, and the angle between the first positioning surface and the bottom surface is the second preset angle.

5. The track pad for heavy-load railway according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cross section of the first groove along the length direction of the pad body is V-shaped, and / or the cross section of the second groove along the width direction of the pad body is V-shaped.

6. The track pad for heavy-load railway according to claim 3, characterized in that: A first convex block engaged with the first groove is arranged on one side of the cover plate facing the placement cavity, and / or a second convex block engaged with the second groove is arranged on one side of the cover plate facing the placement cavity.

7. The track pad for heavy-load railway according to claim 3, characterized in that: The side of the cover plate facing away from the placement cavity is arranged on the same plane as the top surface of the pad body.

8. The heavy-load railway track pad according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The sensor assembly further includes connection lines for data transmission, and the connection lines are electrically connected to the first thin film pressure sensor, the second thin film pressure sensor, and the third thin film pressure sensor, respectively.

9. The heavy-load railway track pad according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The backing plate body is made of flexible material.

10. The heavy-load railway track pad according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the first thin film pressure sensor, the second thin film pressure sensor and the third thin film pressure sensor are all less than or equal to 2 mm.

11. A track, characterized in that: The invention comprises a track pad for a heavy-load railway as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10.

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