Carbonization furnace

Abstract

The carbonization furnace provided by the utility model comprises a belt type feeding mechanism, a dry distillation furnace, a gas collecting mechanism, a venturi tube tower, a rotational flow plate tower, a fan, a filter dust remover and a cooling system, the dry distillation furnace, the rotational flow plate tower and the venturi tube tower are arranged in parallel in the vertical direction, and the belt type feeding mechanism is arranged to automatically convey coal into the dry distillation furnace. A carbonization chamber in the dry distillation furnace is used for treating coal, the treated coal gas sequentially passes through a gas collection mechanism, a venturi tower and a rotational flow plate tower and is sucked into a filter dust remover by a fan, and then part of the treated coal gas enters the dry distillation furnace again for use; wherein a material distribution device is arranged in the carbonization chamber and comprises multiple stages of material distribution layers, and the layers of the multiple stages of material distribution layers are distributed at variable intervals; a plurality of layers of static rotational flow plates are arranged in the rotational flow plate tower, and the rotational flow plates uniformly refine ammonia water cooling liquid injected from the tower top. According to the utility model, the feed coal particles are classified and treated, the gas purification effect is improved due to repeated treatment of the gas, and the economical efficiency of the carbonization furnace and the coal treatment quality are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of coal processing, and particularly to a carbonization furnace. Background Art

[0002] Coal can not only be used as a raw material for industrial combustion, but also be made into carbon-containing substances as a reaction raw material. For example, coal is made into activated carbon, and this reaction needs to be carried out in a carbonization furnace. The products after coal enters the carbonization furnace include liquid tar, gaseous coal gas, and solid carbon blocks. The factors affecting the processing process of this carbonization furnace include the uniformity of the particle size of the raw materials. If the particle sizes of the raw materials vary greatly, it will cause some of the products to be incompletely processed and some to be severely processed, affecting the quality of the products. The influencing factors also include the treatment of the product coal gas. After the common coal gas is treated, part of it needs to be returned to the carbonization furnace for further reaction. If the coal gas is not cooled thoroughly, it will affect the subsequent reuse of the coal gas, and thus affect the performance of the entire equipment.

[0003] In the prior art, when solving the problem of the particle size of the raw materials, the raw materials are usually screened before entering the carbonization furnace, and the materials within a preset particle diameter range are grouped together for carbonization. However, this method of classifying and processing the raw materials increases the number of carbonizations and is not economically viable. In addition, during the cooling water washing process of the coal gas treatment, it is impossible to ensure full contact between the high-temperature gaseous coal gas and the low-temperature coolant, thereby affecting the treatment effect of the coal gas. Therefore, it is urgent to solve this technical problem to improve the performance of the carbonization furnace. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] The embodiments of the present utility model provide a carbonization furnace to solve the aforementioned prior art problems.

[0005] The present utility model provides a carbonization furnace, including: a belt feeding mechanism, a retort furnace, a gas collecting mechanism, a Venturi tube tower, a cyclone plate tower, a fan, a filter dust collector, and a cooling system; the conveyor belt of the belt feeding is inclined and arranged on the side of the retort furnace and is docked with the top material inlet of the retort furnace. The retort furnace includes a carbonization chamber to process the materials entering the retort furnace. The gas collecting mechanism includes a gas collecting pipe and a gas supply pipe. The gas collecting pipe is communicated with the top of the retort furnace. There is a gas collecting mechanism between the gas supply pipe and the gas collecting pipe. The gas supply pipe is communicated with the bottom side wall of the Venturi tube tower. The cyclone plate tower is communicated with the Venturi tube tower. The outlet pipe of the cyclone plate tower is connected to the fan. The air outlet end of the fan is connected to the filter dust collector; the cooling system includes a circulating pump and ammonia coolant, and the ammonia coolant is arranged in the gas collecting mechanism, the Venturi tube tower, and the cyclone plate tower through cooling pipes;

[0006] The carbonization chamber includes a material distribution device, which is provided with multiple levels of cloth layers arranged in layers, and the distances between the levels of the multiple cloth layers are distributed with variable intervals; the cloth layer includes material passing holes with a preset diameter, and the diameters of the material passing holes on different cloth layers from top to bottom decrease in sequence; multiple static cyclone plates are arranged in the cyclone plate tower, and the cyclone plates are configured to uniformly refine the ammonia coolant injected from the top of the tower.

[0007] Optionally, below the material distribution device, there are multiple first-level carbonization chambers, second-level carbonization chambers, and third-level carbonization chambers. The multiple first-level carbonization chambers are distributed at a first preset interval, the multiple second-level carbonization chambers are distributed at a second preset interval, and the multiple third-level carbonization chambers are distributed at a third preset interval. A combustion chamber is included within the ranges of the first preset interval, the second preset interval, and the third preset interval. The first-level carbonization chambers, the second-level carbonization chambers, and the third-level carbonization chambers are configured to contain materials within different particle ranges classified by the material distribution device: the multiple first-level carbonization chambers, the second-level carbonization chambers, and the third-level carbonization chambers are arranged in an array.

[0008] Optionally, the first-level carbonization chambers, the second-level carbonization chambers, and the third-level carbonization chambers have the same size and all include an ellipsoidal dome.

[0009] Optionally, there is a space between the carbonization chamber and the inner wall of the furnace body of the retort furnace, and a first air inlet pipe and a second air inlet pipe are provided outside the furnace body of the retort furnace. The first air inlet pipe is configured to be connected to the outlet pipe of the filter dust collector, and the second air inlet pipe is connected to an air pump and is configured to supply a combustion medium to the carbonization chamber.

[0010] Optionally, the cyclone plate is of a fan-shaped structure. The cyclone plate tower includes an air inlet pipe, a liquid inlet, and a fixed column. The air inlet pipe and the liquid inlet are arranged at opposite ends of the tower body, and the fixed column is arranged at the geometric center of the tower body. The fan-shaped cyclone plate is connected to the fixed column.

[0011] Optionally, the arc area of the fan-shaped cyclone plate includes flow-around holes, which are configured to guide the flow of gas; the flow-around holes on adjacent two layers of cyclone plates are arranged in a staggered manner.

[0012] Optionally, the fan-shaped cyclone plate is installed on the fixed column at a preset inclination angle α, where 2° ≤ α ≤ 15°.

[0013] Optionally, the top of the Venturi tube tower includes multiple ammonia coolant inlets. The ammonia coolant enters an atomization chamber located at the top of the tower body. A gas distribution plate is arranged at the bottom of the atomization chamber. The gas distribution plate is hung on the inner wall of the tower body, and multiple gas distribution holes are arranged in an array on the gas distribution plate.

[0014] Optionally, it further includes a mixing chamber which is arranged outside the furnace body of the retort furnace. The first inlet pipe and the second inlet pipe enter from the gas inlet end of the mixing chamber, and the mixed gas flows out from the gas outlet of the mixing chamber and is introduced into the retort furnace.

[0015] Optionally, the bottoms of the retort furnace, the Venturi tube tower, and the swirl plate tower all further include coke discharging pipes, and multiple coke discharging pipes converge and then enter a coke discharging pit.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:

[0017] The carbonization furnace provided by the present utility model includes a belt feeding mechanism, a retort furnace, a gas collection system, a Venturi tube tower, a swirl plate tower, a fan, a dust removal filter, and a cooling system. The belt feeding system uses a conveyor belt or a transfer trolley to lift and transport the processing raw material - coal to the top feeding port of the retort furnace. The carbonization chamber in the retort furnace is used to process the coal. During the processing in the retort furnace, gas and tar by-products will be generated. The gas collection mechanism is connected to the top of the retort furnace and collects the generated gas through a gas collection pipe. The gas supply pipe introduces the collected gas into the Venturi tube tower from the bottom of the Venturi tube tower to conduct a primary cleaning of the gas. On the one hand, it processes the unoxidized carbides and nitrides in the gas, and on the other hand, it cools the gas and filters it into tar. Then, the gas passing through the Venturi tube tower enters the swirl plate tower. The swirl plate tower conducts a secondary cleaning of the gas. Finally, the fan pumps the cleaned gas into the filter dust collector. Part of the gas after passing through the filter dust collector is sent back into the retort furnace to participate in the carbonization process again, and the other part can be stored as other fuels in daily life. In addition, the bottoms of the retort furnace, the Venturi tube tower, and the swirl plate tower all include coke discharging pipes, and the respective coke discharging pipes converge and then enter a coke discharging pit beside the equipment.

[0018] Among them, the carbonization chamber of the retort furnace includes a material distribution device. This material distribution device is provided with multiple levels of cloth layers in a layered manner, and the intervals between the levels of the multiple cloth layers are distributed with variable distances. The diameters of the material passing holes on the cloth layers are set to decrease sequentially according to the positions from top to bottom of the cloth layers. This setting enables the coal entering the carbonization chamber to be distributed in different carbonization chambers for processing according to its particle size by the cloth layers. The multi-layer static swirl plates arranged in the swirl plate tower enable the ammonia coolant injected into the tower to be evenly dispersed, increasing the contact area of the cooling water, and then enabling the gas to fully contact with the cooling water, enhancing the effect of purifying the gas.

[0019] In summary, the carbonization furnace provided by the present utility model classifies the incoming coal particles, enabling coal particles of different particle sizes to enter different carbonization chambers for processing, avoiding affecting the carbonization effect due to different particle sizes. In addition, the multiple treatments of the gas enable the gas to fully contact and react with the coolant and be cooled, enhancing the effect of gas purification, making the carbonization of the raw material by the carbonization furnace more economical, and improving the overall quality of the equipment. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 It shows a schematic front view of the carbonization furnace provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 2 It shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the carbonization chamber in the present application;

[0022] Figure 3 It shows a schematic partially cut-away view of the cyclone plate tower in the present application.

[0023] In the figure:

[0024] 1: Belt feeding mechanism; 2: Retort furnace; 3: Gas collecting mechanism; 31: Gas collecting pipe; 32: Gas supply pipe; 4: Venturi tower; 5: Cyclone plate tower; 51: Cyclone plate; 6: Fan; 7: Filter dust collector; 8: Combustion chamber; 9: Fixed column; 20: Primary carbonization chamber; 30: Secondary carbonization chamber. Detailed Embodiments

[0025] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the application. Additionally, the phrase "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" that appears throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0026] It should also be noted that in this article, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including", or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that an article or terminal device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such article or terminal device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "including one..." does not exclude the existence of another identical element in the article or terminal device including the element.

[0027] Coal can not only be used as a raw material for industrial combustion, but also as a reaction raw material to make carbon-containing substances, such as making coal into activated carbon. This reaction needs to be carried out in a carbonization furnace. The products after the coal enters the carbonization furnace include liquid tar, gaseous coal gas and solid carbon blocks. Factors affecting the carbonization furnace treatment process include the uniformity of the particle size of the raw materials. If the particle size of the raw materials varies greatly, some of the products will not be treated thoroughly, and some will be severely treated, affecting the quality of the products. Impact factors also include the treatment of the product gas. Commonly, part of the gas needs to be returned to the carbonization furnace to continue the reaction after being treated. If the gas is not completely cooled, it will affect the subsequent reuse of the gas, and thus affect the performance of the entire equipment.

[0028] In the prior art, when solving the problem of raw material particle size, the raw materials are usually screened before entering the carbonization furnace, and the materials within the preset particle diameter range are grouped together for carbonization. However, this method of grading the raw materials increases the amount of carbonization and is not economical. In addition, during the cooling and water washing process of coal gas treatment, it is impossible to ensure that the high-temperature gaseous coal gas is fully in contact with the low-temperature coolant, which in turn affects the treatment effect of the coal gas. Therefore, it is urgent to solve this technical problem in order to improve the performance of the carbonization furnace. Therefore, the utility model proposes a carbonization furnace, which solves the aforementioned technical problems by optimizing the system structure of the carbonization furnace, as described in detail below and in the accompanying drawings.

[0029] See attached Figure 1 As shown, the utility model provides a carbonization furnace, including: a belt-type feeding mechanism 1, a retort furnace 2, a gas collecting mechanism 3, a venturi tower 4, a cyclone plate tower 5, a fan 6, a filter dust collector 7 and a cooling system; the feeding conveyor belt is obliquely arranged at the side of the retort furnace 2 and docked with the material inlet at the top of the retort furnace 2, the retort furnace 2 includes a carbonization chamber to process the material entering the retort furnace 2, the gas collecting mechanism 3 includes a gas collecting pipe 31 and a gas delivery pipe 32, and the gas collecting pipe 31 is connected with the top of the retort furnace 2, an air collecting mechanism 3 is included between the air supply pipe 32 and the air collecting pipe 31, the air supply pipe 32 is connected with the bottom side wall of the venturi tower 4, the cyclone plate tower 5 is connected with the venturi tower 4, the air outlet pipe of the cyclone plate tower 5 is connected with the fan 6, and the air outlet end of the fan 6 is connected with the filter dust collector 7; the cooling system includes a circulating pump and an ammonia water coolant, and the ammonia water coolant is arranged in the air collecting mechanism 3, the venturi tower 4, and the cyclone plate tower 5 through the cooling pipe.

[0030] Among them, the aforementioned carbonization chamber includes a material distribution device, and the material distribution device is layered with multiple levels of distribution layers, and the levels of the multiple distribution layers are distributed with variable spacing; the distribution layer includes feeding holes with preset diameters, and the diameters of the feeding holes on different distribution layers decrease successively from top to bottom; the distribution layer includes an upper feeding plate and a lower dividing plate, and the dividing plate is inclined relative to the feeding plate, and the extended end of the dividing plate leads to the carbonization chamber located at the bottom layer of the material distribution device, and a plurality of static swirl plates 51 are provided in the swirl plate tower 5, and the swirl plates 51 are configured to evenly refine the ammonia coolant injected from the top of the tower.

[0031] As described above, in the carbonization furnace provided by the utility model, the coal is automatically conveyed to the dry distillation furnace 2 for processing. In the process of processing the coal in the dry distillation furnace 2, coal gas and tar by-products are generated. The gas collecting mechanism 3 is connected to the top of the dry distillation furnace 2 to collect the generated coal gas through the gas collecting pipe 31. The air supply pipe 32 passes the collected coal gas from the bottom of the venturi tower tube into the venturi tube tower 4 to clean the coal gas once. On the one hand, the unoxidized carbides and nitrides in the coal gas are processed, and on the other hand, the coal gas is cooled and filtered into tar; then, the coal gas passing through the venturi tower enters the cyclone plate tower 5 again, and the cyclone plate tower 5 cleans the coal gas for a second time. Finally, the blower 6 draws the cleaned coal gas into the filter dust collector 7. A part of the coal gas after passing through the filter dust collector 7 is sent back to the dry distillation furnace 2 to participate in the carbonization treatment again, and the other part can be stored as other fuels in daily life. In addition, the bottom of the tower bodies of the retorting furnace 2, the venturi tower 4 and the cyclone plate tower 5 all include coke discharge pipes, and the coke discharge pipes are collected and then enter the coke discharge pool beside the equipment.

[0032] The structure of the carbonization chamber in the aforementioned retort furnace 2 is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the carbonization chamber includes a primary carbonization chamber 20, a secondary carbonization chamber 30, and a tertiary carbonization chamber, and the primary carbonization chamber 20, the secondary carbonization chamber 30, and the tertiary carbonization chamber each include a plurality of them, the plurality of primary carbonization chambers 20 are distributed according to the first preset spacing, the plurality of secondary carbonization chambers 30 are distributed according to the second preset spacing, and the plurality of tertiary carbonization chambers are distributed according to the third preset spacing, and the combustion chamber 8 is included within the first preset spacing, the second preset spacing, and the third preset spacing. The primary carbonization chamber 20, the secondary carbonization chamber 30, and the tertiary carbonization chamber are configured to be loaded with materials of different particle ranges classified by the material distribution device. The spacing between the carbonization chambers 20 of the same level is equal, and there is a certain gap between the carbonization chambers of different levels, and the gap, i.e., the first preset spacing, the second preset spacing, and the third preset spacing, is related to the size of the actual coal particles, and this embodiment does not impose specific restrictions on this. Generally, the spacing range between the carbonization chambers corresponding to the larger coal particles is smaller, so as to fully absorb the heat of the combustion chamber 8, and vice versa, the spacing range between the carbonization chambers corresponding to the smaller coal particles is larger, so as to prevent the small particles of coal from being over-burned.

[0033] Among them, the aforementioned carbonization chambers all require refractory bricks, such as being made of second-class high-aluminum bricks or processed from other refractory materials. The fire resistance determines the lifespan of the equipment. The aforementioned multiple first-class carbonization chambers 20, multiple second-class carbonization chambers 30, and multiple third-class carbonization chambers can be arranged in an array. The coal after carbonization treatment is made into activated carbon or other products, and these products are taken out from the bottom furnace door of the retort furnace 2 when the combustion is completed.

[0034] It should be noted that the cooling liquid level in the aforementioned cooling system is ammonia water or other oxides with oxidation and that will not produce excessive impurities. Because the gas contains some incompletely burned substances, after being re-oxidized, it prevents the unoxidized gas from mixing in the gas and affecting the use of the gas. The belt feeding mechanism 1 can also be adjusted to a feeding trolley according to the convenience of use, such as Figure 1 the schematic structure shown in; in addition, the aforementioned filter dust collector 7 is an existing filtering device for carbonization furnaces, and this embodiment does not make specific limitations on it.

[0035] In some embodiments, the first-class carbonization chamber 20, the second-class carbonization chamber 30, and the third-class carbonization chamber have the same size and all include an ellipsoidal dome.

[0036] In this embodiment, the ellipsoidal dome design can reduce the deposition of particulate impurities in the gas. Even if some impurities fall off, they will slide towards the carbonization chamber or the combustion chamber 8 under the action of gravity. On the other hand, the ellipsoidal dome can form a heat eddy current, making the heat in the carbonization chamber not easy to dissipate and improving the processing effect of the carbonization chamber.

[0037] In some embodiments, the aforementioned first-class carbonization chamber 20, second-class carbonization chamber 30, and third-class carbonization chamber are spaced from the inner wall of the furnace body of the retort furnace 2, and a first inlet pipe and a second inlet pipe are provided outside the furnace body of the retort furnace 2. The first inlet pipe is arranged to communicate with the outlet pipe of the filter dust collector 7, and the second inlet pipe is connected to an air pump and is arranged to supply a combustion medium to the carbonization chamber. The gas after being cleaned is re-entered into the carbonization chamber through the first inlet pipe. In addition, air or oxygen needs to be supplied for combustion, so air is introduced into the carbonization chamber through the second inlet pipe by the air pump for the fuel combustion in the combustion chamber 8.

[0038] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 shown, the swirl plate 51 in the aforementioned swirl plate tower 5 is of a fan-shaped structure. The swirl plate tower 5 includes an inlet pipe, a liquid inlet, and a fixed column 9. The inlet pipe and the liquid inlet are arranged at opposite ends of the tower body, and the fixed column 9 is arranged at the geometric center of the tower body. The fan-shaped swirl plate 51 is connected to the fixed column 9. The arc area of the fan-shaped swirl plate 51 includes flow-around holes, and the flow-around holes are arranged to guide the gas flow; the flow-around holes on adjacent two layers of swirl plates 51 are arranged in a staggered manner.

[0039] In this embodiment, the cyclone plate 51 not only breaks up the water column of the ammonia coolant, but also guides the broken-up ammonia coolant into the air and gas in the carbonization furnace, causing the gas components to flow towards the carbonization chamber to improve the treatment effect of the carbonization chamber.

[0040] In addition, the aforementioned sector-shaped cyclone plate 51 is installed on the fixed column 9 at a preset inclination angle α, where 2° ≤ α ≤ 15°. Among them, the smaller the angle, the more dispersed the water droplets splashed by the ammonia coolant on it; the larger the angle, the easier it is for the coolant flow to flow down along the cyclone plate 51, and the angle range of 10°, 8° or 20° is adjustable. It should be noted that the size of this angle is related to the size of the cyclone plate tower 5, the flow rate of the ammonia coolant, and the size of the sector-shaped cyclone plate 51, and specific adaptive adjustments can be made according to the actual situation.

[0041] In some embodiments, as Figure 1 shown, the top of the aforementioned Venturi tube tower 4 includes a plurality of ammonia coolant inlets. The ammonia coolant enters the atomization chamber located at the top of the tower body. A gas distribution plate is provided at the bottom of the atomization chamber. The gas distribution plate is hung on the inner wall of the tower body, and a plurality of gas distribution holes are arranged in an array on the gas distribution plate. In this embodiment, the atomized ammonia coolant can further increase the contact area between the coolant and the gas, thereby improving the cooling and tar removal effects of the gas. Among them, the gas distribution holes are arranged to guide the atomized ammonia coolant and the gas, so that the two gases are evenly distributed in the Venturi tube tower 4.

[0042] In some embodiments, the present utility model may further include a mixing chamber. The mixing chamber is arranged outside the furnace body of the retorting furnace 2. The first intake pipe and the second intake pipe enter from the intake end of the mixing chamber, and the mixed gas flows out from the outlet of the mixing chamber and is introduced into the retorting furnace 2. In this embodiment, by providing the mixing chamber, the gas and air can be mixed evenly before entering the retorting furnace 2, avoiding affecting the treatment quality due to uneven mixing of the gas and oxygen in the carbonization chamber, that is, this design improves the quality of coal treatment.

[0043] As mentioned above, the bottom of the tower bodies of the retorting furnace 2, the Venturi tube tower 4, and the cyclone plate tower 5 all further include coke discharge pipes, and a plurality of coke discharge pipes converge and then enter the coke discharge tank. Tar is a common by-product in the process of coal treatment. After the gas is pre-cooled, oxidized and cleaned, some components in the gas will become tar. This part of the tar needs to be discharged from the equipment separately. Generally, it sinks to the bottom and automatically stores in the coke discharge tank after flowing out from the bottom of the tower body, and can be reused in related processes such as asphalt production.

[0044] Finally, the carbonization furnace provided by the present utility model includes a belt feeding mechanism 1, a retort furnace 2, a gas collecting mechanism 3, a Venturi tube tower 4, a cyclone plate tower 5, a fan 6, a filter dust collector 7, and a cooling system. Among them, the retort furnace 2, the cyclone plate tower 5, and the Venturi tube tower 4 are arranged side by side in the vertical direction. The belt feeding mechanism 1 is configured to automatically convey coal into the retort furnace 2. The carbonization chamber inside the retort furnace 2 is used to process coal. The processed gas successively passes through the gas collecting mechanism 3, the Venturi tube tower 4, and the cyclone plate tower 5, and finally is drawn into the filter dust collector 7 by the fan 6, and part of the processed gas re-enters the retort furnace 2 for use. Among them, the carbonization chamber includes a material distribution device, and the material distribution device is provided with multiple levels of cloth layers in a layered manner, and the intervals between the levels of the multiple cloth layers are distributed with variable distances. The cyclone plate tower 5 is provided with multiple layers of static cyclone plates 51, and the cyclone plates 51 are configured to uniformly refine the ammonia coolant injected from the top of the tower. The carbonization furnace provided by the present utility model classifies the incoming coal particles, so that coal particles of different particle sizes enter different carbonization chambers for treatment, avoiding the influence on the carbonization effect due to different particle sizes. In addition, the multiple treatments of the gas enable the gas to fully contact and react with the coolant and be cooled, improving the gas purification effect, making the carbonization furnace more economical when processing raw materials for carbonization, and improving the overall quality of the equipment.

[0045] It should be noted that the above embodiments all belong to the same inventive concept of the utility model. The descriptions of the embodiments have their own emphases. For the parts not described in detail in individual embodiments, reference can be made to the descriptions in other embodiments. The embodiments in this specification are all described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts among the embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0046] The above embodiments only express the implementation manners of the present utility model, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model patent. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the present utility model, several deformations and improvements can still be made, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of the utility model patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A carbonization furnace, characterized in that: include: A belt-type feeding mechanism (1), a retort (2), a gas collecting mechanism (3), a venturi tower (4), a cyclone plate tower (5), a fan (6), a filter dust collector (7) and a cooling system; the conveyor belt of the belt-type feeding is obliquely arranged on the side of the retort (2) and docked with the material inlet at the top of the retort (2); the retort (2) includes a carbonization chamber for processing the material entering the retort (2); the gas collecting mechanism (3) includes a gas collecting pipe (31) and a gas supply pipe (32); the gas collecting pipe (31) is connected to the top of the retort (2) , an air collecting mechanism is included between the air supply pipe (32) and the air collecting pipe (31), the air supply pipe (32) is in communication with the bottom side wall of the venturi tower (4), the cyclone plate tower (5) is in communication with the venturi tower (4), the air outlet pipe of the cyclone plate tower (5) is connected to the fan (6), and the air outlet end of the fan (6) is connected to the filter dust collector (7); the cooling system comprises a circulating pump and an ammonia water coolant, and the ammonia water coolant is arranged in the air collecting mechanism (3), the venturi tower (4), and the cyclone plate tower (5) through a cooling pipe; The carbonization chamber includes a material distribution device, the material distribution device is layered to set a multi-level distribution layer, and the layers of the multi-level distribution layer are distributed with variable spacing; the distribution layer includes a feed hole with a preset diameter, and the diameters of the feed holes on different distribution layers decrease from top to bottom; The swirl plate tower (5) is provided with multiple layers of static swirl plates (51), and the swirl plates (51) are configured to evenly refine the ammonia water coolant injected from the top of the tower.

2. The carbonization furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material distribution device comprises a plurality of primary carbonization chambers (20), secondary carbonization chambers (30), and tertiary carbonization chambers. The plurality of primary carbonization chambers (20) are distributed according to a first preset spacing, the plurality of secondary carbonization chambers (30) are distributed according to a second preset spacing, and the plurality of tertiary carbonization chambers are distributed according to a third preset spacing. A combustion chamber (8) is included within the range of the first preset spacing, the second preset spacing, and the third preset spacing. The primary carbonization chamber (20), the secondary carbonization chamber (30), and the tertiary carbonization chamber are configured to contain materials of different particle ranges classified by the material distribution device: the plurality of primary carbonization chambers (20), the secondary carbonization chamber (30), and the tertiary carbonization chambers are distributed in an array.

3. The carbonization furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that: The primary carbonization chamber (20), the secondary carbonization chamber (30), and the tertiary carbonization chamber have the same size and all include ellipsoidal domes; The primary carbonization chamber (20), the secondary carbonization chamber (30), and the tertiary carbonization chamber are built with refractory bricks.

4. The carbonization furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbonization chamber is spaced apart from the inner wall of the furnace body of the retort furnace (2), and a first air inlet pipe and a second air inlet pipe are provided outside the furnace body of the retort furnace (2), the first air inlet pipe being arranged to be in communication with the air outlet pipe of the filter dust collector (7), and the second air inlet pipe being connected to an air pump and arranged to supplement the combustion medium into the carbonization chamber.

5. The carbonization furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The swirl plate (51) is a fan-shaped structure. The swirl plate tower (5) comprises an air inlet pipe, a liquid inlet, and a fixed column (9). The air inlet pipe and the liquid inlet are arranged at two opposite ends of the tower body. The fixed column (9) is arranged at the geometric center of the tower body. The fan-shaped swirl plate (51) is connected to the fixed column (9).

6. The carbonization furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that: The arc area of ​​the fan-shaped swirl plate (51) comprises bypass holes, and the bypass holes are arranged to guide the flow of coal gas; the bypass holes on two adjacent layers of swirl plates (51) are staggered.

7. The carbonization furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fan-shaped swirl plate (51) is installed on the fixing column (9) at a preset inclination angle α, wherein the preset inclination angle is 2°≤α≤15°.

8. The carbonization furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the venturi tower (4) comprises a plurality of ammonia water coolant inlets, the ammonia water coolant enters an atomization chamber located at the top of the tower body, an air distribution plate is arranged at the bottom of the atomization chamber, the air distribution plate is hung on the inner wall of the tower body, and a plurality of air distribution holes are arranged in an array on the air distribution plate.

9. The carbonization furnace according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also comprises a mixing chamber, which is arranged outside the furnace body of the retort furnace (2), the first air inlet pipe and the second air inlet pipe enter from the air inlet end of the mixing chamber, and the mixed gas flows out from the air outlet of the mixing chamber and enters the retort furnace (2).

10. The carbonization furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottoms of the tower bodies of the retorting furnace (2), the venturi tower (4) and the cyclone plate tower (5) all further include a coke discharge pipe, and a plurality of coke discharge pipes are gathered together and enter a coke discharge pool.

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