Vehicle-mounted electrical device, power assembly and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model provides a vehicle-mounted electrical device, a power assembly and a vehicle. The housing of the vehicle-mounted electrical device is used for accommodating electrical components of the vehicle-mounted electrical device. A housing of an in-vehicle electrical device includes a cover plate including a restraint layer, one damping layer, a porous layer, another damping layer, and a base layer. The restraint layer, one damping layer, the porous layer, the other damping layer and the base layer are sequentially arranged in a stacked mode. A distance between the base layer and the plurality of electrical components is less than a distance between the porous layer or the restraint layer and the plurality of electrical components. The porous layer comprises a plurality of micropores, the micropores are distributed in the porous layer, and the number of the micropores of the porous layer is larger than that of any one of the micropores in the base layer or the restraint layer. The Young modulus of each damping layer is smaller than the Young modulus of any one of the base layer, the porous layer or the restraint layer. Through the combination of the base layer, one damping layer, the porous layer, the other damping layer and the restraint layer, the energy consumption efficiency of the vehicle-mounted electrical device is improved, and the vibration and noise reduction effect is enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, and particularly to an on-vehicle electrical device, a powertrain, and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] In the new energy vehicle industry, to improve the riding comfort, the NVH (Noise, Vibration, Harshness) performance of vehicles has received much attention. Among them, the powertrain is one of the main sources of vehicle vibration and noise. During the operation of the powertrain, the vibration generated by the motor and the reducer will affect the normal operation of the on-vehicle electrical device, and the vibration and noise can also be radiated to the whole vehicle through the on-vehicle electrical device. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the vibration reduction and noise reduction performance of the on-vehicle electrical device to reduce the overall vibration and noise of the powertrain, ensure the normal operation of the powertrain, and improve the NVH performance of the vehicle. Summary of the Utility Model

[0003] Embodiments of this application provide an on-vehicle electrical device, a powertrain, and a vehicle.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide an on-vehicle electrical device. The housing of the on-vehicle electrical device is used to accommodate multiple electrical components of the on-vehicle electrical device. The housing of the on-vehicle electrical device includes a cover plate, and a cover plate includes a constraint layer, a damping layer, a porous layer, another damping layer, and a base layer.

[0005] A constraint layer, a porous layer, and a base layer are stacked and arranged in the direction of the cover plate facing the multiple electrical components. In the direction of the cover plate facing the multiple electrical components, the distance between a base layer and the multiple electrical components is less than the distance between a porous layer or a constraint layer and the multiple electrical components.

[0006] A damping layer is arranged between a constraint layer and a porous layer, and another damping layer is arranged between a porous layer and a base layer.

[0007] A porous layer includes multiple micropores, and the multiple micropores are distributed inside a porous layer. The number of micropores in a porous layer is greater than the number of micropores in any one of a base layer or a constraint layer. The Young's modulus of each damping layer is less than the Young's modulus of any one of a base layer, a porous layer, or a constraint layer.

[0008] In the embodiments of the present application, during the operation of the powertrain, in-vehicle electrical devices are subject to vibrations from the motor and the reducer. If the in-vehicle electrical devices have poor dissipation ability for vibration energy, when the vibrations are transmitted to the vicinity of the electrical components, it may cause relative displacement of the electrical components within the in-vehicle electrical devices, affecting the electrical connection state of the electrical components and, in severe cases, triggering electrical failures. When the vibrations act directly on the electrical components, the electrical components will also generate stress, thereby shortening the service life of the electrical components. Vibrations and noises can also be radiated from the in-vehicle electrical devices to the entire vehicle, having a negative impact on the vehicle's NVH performance. In addition, the cover plates of current in-vehicle electrical devices also need to meet the requirements of lightweight design.

[0009] To solve the above problems, in the embodiments of the present application, the constraint layer, the base layer, and a porous layer in the cover plate cooperate with each other to improve the vibration damping efficiency of one damping layer and another damping layer, and to control the weight of the cover plate.

[0010] In the embodiments of the present application, a porous layer and a constraint layer are used to directly constrain the deformation of one damping layer, and a porous layer and a base layer are used to directly constrain the deformation of another damping layer. Specifically, along the direction of the cover plate facing multiple electrical components, one damping layer is arranged between the constraint layer and a porous layer, and another damping layer is arranged between a porous layer and the base layer. When the cover plate is subjected to vibrations, since the Young's modulus of each damping layer is the smallest, each damping layer is most likely to deform. Among them, a porous layer and a constraint layer can directly hinder the tensile and bending deformations of one damping layer, causing shear deformation inside one damping layer. Since shear deformation dissipates more energy than tensile and bending deformations, a porous layer and a constraint layer can improve the dissipation effect of one damping layer on vibration energy. Similarly, a porous layer and a base layer can cause shear deformation to tend to occur inside another damping layer to improve the vibration damping effect of another damping layer.

[0011] In the embodiments of the present application, the multiple micropores of a porous layer help to block the propagation of noises and vibrations, increasing the channels for dissipating vibration energy in the cover plate. Specifically, when the noise is transmitted to a porous layer of the cover plate, the sound waves of the noise will be reflected multiple times within the micropores of the porous layer, and the sound energy is converted into heat energy, thereby achieving the noise reduction effect. When a porous layer is subjected to vibrations, it will also cause the inner walls of the micropores to rub against each other, generating heat, which is beneficial to consuming vibration energy. The dissipation efficiency of the cover plate for vibration energy is improved, which can ensure the normal operation of the in-vehicle electrical devices and the powertrain, and improve the vehicle's NVH performance. In addition, the micropores of a porous layer increase the propagation distance of vibrations between the constraint layer, the base layer, and each damping layer, which is equivalent to a porous layer playing a role similar to lever amplification between the constraint layer, the base layer, and each damping layer, facilitating an increase in the shear deformation of each damping layer.

[0012] In the embodiments of the present application, a porous layer includes a plurality of micropores. Compared with other plates having the same material and thickness and no micropores, the weight of a porous layer is relatively lighter. While the embodiments of the present application utilize the micropores to improve the vibration reduction and noise reduction performance of the cover plate, they can also reduce the weight of the cover plate, which is beneficial to realizing the lightweight design of the powertrain and reducing the cost and power consumption of the vehicle. It is worth mentioning that one of the conditions for the cover plate to resonate is that the natural vibration frequency of the cover plate is close to the excitation frequency of excitation sources such as motors and reducers. The natural vibration frequency of the cover plate is related to the weight and stiffness of the cover plate. Therefore, by reducing the weight of the cover plate through the micropores of the porous layer in the embodiments of the present application, the effect of regulating the natural vibration frequency of the cover plate can also be achieved, increasing the difference in vibration frequency between the cover plate and the motor and reducer, realizing frequency avoidance between the cover plate and the excitation source, and being beneficial to alleviating the resonance problem.

[0013] In the embodiments of the present application, the base layer is closer to the electrical components inside the housing than the porous layer or the constraint layer. The Young's modulus of the base layer is relatively larger than that of each damping layer, which is beneficial to enhancing the protection of the electrical components inside the housing by the base layer and the support for other layer structures in the cover plate. The constraint layer faces the outside of the housing, and the Young's modulus of the constraint layer is also relatively large, enabling the constraint layer to also be used to protect the in-vehicle electrical device from external environmental interference. Since the layer structures that play a supporting and protective role in the cover plate are mainly the base layer and the constraint layer, the number of micropores in either the constraint layer or the base layer is less than that of the porous layer, which can avoid having a negative impact on the structural strength of the base layer and the constraint layer. The number of micropores in a porous layer is relatively large, which is beneficial for the porous layer to play the roles of vibration reduction and noise reduction, amplifying the shear deformation of the damping layer, and reducing weight.

[0014] In one embodiment, a damping layer is used to bond a constraint layer to a surface of a porous layer along the direction of the cover plate facing a plurality of electrical components. A plurality of micropores are also distributed on a surface of a porous layer, and a part of the damping layer is filled into the micropores on the surface.

[0015] In the embodiments of the present application, in addition to playing a vibration reduction role, a damping layer can also bond the constraint layer to a surface of a porous layer without additionally adding an adhesive layer, which is beneficial to reducing costs and reducing the overall thickness of the cover plate. Exemplarily, a damping layer is a polymer damping adhesive.

[0016] In the embodiment of the present application, since micropores are distributed on one surface of a porous layer, a part of a damping layer will penetrate into the micropores on one surface of a porous layer, and the contact area between a porous layer and a damping layer is increased, which is beneficial to improving the connection strength between a porous layer and a constraint layer. In addition, the Young's moduli of a porous layer and a damping layer are not equal, so that the propagation speeds of vibration and noise in a porous layer and a damping layer are inconsistent. A part of the micropores on one surface of a porous layer are filled with a damping layer, so that strong shear action will occur near the interface where the micropores contact the damping layer, thereby improving the dissipation efficiency of vibration energy.

[0017] In one embodiment, another damping layer is used to bond the other surface of a porous layer to a base layer along the direction of a cover plate towards a plurality of electrical components. A plurality of micropores are also distributed on the other surface of a porous layer, and a part of another damping layer is filled into the micropores on the other surface.

[0018] In the embodiment of the present application, in addition to playing a vibration damping role, another damping layer can also bond the base layer to the other surface of a porous layer, without additionally increasing an adhesive layer, which is beneficial to reducing costs and reducing the overall thickness of the cover plate. Exemplarily, another damping layer is a polymer damping adhesive.

[0019] In the embodiment of the present application, since micropores are distributed on the other surface of a porous layer, a part of another damping layer will penetrate into the micropores on the other surface of a porous layer, and the contact area between a porous layer and another damping layer is increased, which is beneficial to improving the connection strength between a porous layer and a base layer. In addition, the Young's moduli of a porous layer and another damping layer are not equal, so that the propagation speeds of vibration and noise in a porous layer and another damping layer are inconsistent. A part of the micropores on the other surface of a porous layer are filled with another damping layer, so that strong shear action will occur near the interface where the micropores contact another damping layer, thereby improving the dissipation efficiency of vibration energy.

[0020] In one embodiment, the specific surface area of a porous layer is larger than that of any one of a base layer, a constraint layer or each damping layer.

[0021] In the embodiments of the present application, the specific surface area refers to the total area of a unit mass of a substance. The internal surface area of the micropores in a porous layer makes an important contribution to the specific surface area of a porous layer. The specific surface area of a porous layer is larger than that of any one of the base layer, the constraint layer, or each damping layer, which is conducive to the porous layer dissipating vibration energy by using micropores. The relatively large specific surface area of a porous layer indicates that the cavity volume in the porous layer is also relatively large, improving the effect of reducing the weight of the cover plate. When micropores are distributed on the surface of a porous layer, the relatively large specific surface area of the porous layer can also increase the contact area between the porous layer and each damping layer, improving the vibration damping performance of the damping layer and the overall structural strength of the cover plate.

[0022] In one embodiment, the porosity of a porous layer is greater than or equal to 60% and less than or equal to 98%.

[0023] In the embodiments of the present application, the porosity of a porous layer refers to the volume ratio of the micropores of a porous layer in the porous layer. The embodiments of the present application control the porosity of a porous layer within the range of 60%-98%, which is conducive to improving the dissipation efficiency of the micropores of a porous layer for vibration energy, enhancing the effect of amplifying shear deformation of a porous layer between the constraint layer, the base layer, and each damping layer, and can also achieve the lightweight design of the cover plate.

[0024] In one embodiment, along the direction of a cover plate towards multiple electrical components, the thickness of a base layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of a constraint layer, and the thickness of a constraint layer is greater than the thickness of a porous layer. The ratio of the thickness of a constraint layer to the thickness of a porous layer is less than the ratio of the mass of a constraint layer to the mass of a porous layer.

[0025] In the embodiments of the present application, the thickness directions of the base layer, a porous layer, the constraint layer, and each damping layer in the cover plate are parallel to the direction of the cover plate towards multiple electrical components. Among them, the thicknesses of the base layer and the constraint layer are both greater than the thickness of a porous layer, which means that the base layer and the constraint layer account for a relatively large proportion in the thickness of the cover plate, being conducive to meeting the requirements of the base layer and the constraint layer for structural strength, and can also improve the constraint effect of the base layer and the constraint layer on one damping layer and another damping layer. The thickness of a porous layer is relatively small compared to the base layer and the constraint layer, which is conducive to controlling the overall thickness of the cover plate within a suitable range, taking into account the performance of vibration reduction and noise reduction and the requirements of lightweight design.

[0026] In the embodiments of the present application, the lengths and widths of the various layer structures in the cover plate are usually similar or the same. Therefore, the ratio of the thickness of the constraint layer to the thickness of a porous layer can represent the ratio of volumes. The volume ratio of the constraint layer to a porous layer is less than the mass ratio of the constraint layer to a porous layer, indicating that the density of a porous layer is less than that of the constraint layer. Even if a porous layer is made of the same material as the constraint layer, since a porous layer includes multiple micropores and has a different structural form from the constraint layer, the density of a porous layer can be less than that of the constraint layer. If a porous layer is replaced with a constraint layer of the same thickness, although the overall thickness of the cover plate remains unchanged, in this case, the vibration damping performance cannot be improved through micropores, and the overall weight of the cover plate will be increased.

[0027] In one embodiment, along the direction of a cover plate facing a plurality of electrical components, the ratio of the thickness of a base layer to the thickness of a porous layer is greater than or equal to 2, and the ratio of the thickness of a base layer to the thickness of a porous layer is less than or equal to 6.

[0028] In the embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the base layer needs to be controlled within a suitable range: if the thickness of the base layer is too large, the overall vibration energy of the cover plate will be large and the vibration will be difficult to suppress. If the thickness of the base layer is too small, it will have a negative impact on the overall structural strength of the cover plate. The ratio of the thickness of the base layer to the thickness of a porous layer in the embodiments of the present application is between 2 and 6, which is beneficial to taking into account both the vibration damping effect and the structural strength of the cover plate. The thickness of a porous layer cannot be too small either, otherwise it may reduce at least one of the number of micropores, specific surface area or porosity of a porous layer, which is not conducive to exerting the adjustment effect of a porous layer on the vibration damping performance and weight.

[0029] In one embodiment, the thickness of a porous layer is greater than the thickness of each damping layer.

[0030] In the embodiments of the present application, if the thickness of each damping layer is too large, it is likely to fail due to cracking during the deformation process. If the thickness of a porous layer is too small, the effect of a porous layer in amplifying the shear deformation of one damping layer and another damping layer will be weakened. The embodiments of the present application are beneficial to taking into account the role of a porous layer in amplifying shear deformation and the service life of each damping layer.

[0031] In one embodiment, along the direction of a cover plate facing a plurality of electrical components, the ratio of the thickness of a porous layer to the thickness of each damping layer is greater than or equal to 1.25, and the ratio of the thickness of a porous layer to the thickness of each damping layer is less than or equal to 7.

[0032] In the embodiments of the present application, the thickness of each damping layer needs to be controlled within a suitable range: If the thickness of one damping layer and another damping layer is too large, it is likely to fail due to cracking during the deformation process. If the thickness of one damping layer and another damping layer is too small, the degree of shear deformation is limited, and the effect of dissipating vibration energy will be negatively affected. The embodiments of the present application are beneficial to taking into account the service life and vibration damping effect of one damping layer and another damping layer.

[0033] In one embodiment, the Young's modulus of one porous layer is less than the Young's modulus of any one of one base layer or one constraint layer, and the ratio of the Young's modulus of one constraint layer to one porous layer is less than the ratio of the Young's modulus of one porous layer to each damping layer.

[0034] In the embodiments of the present application, regardless of the positional relationship, only based on the magnitude of the Young's modulus, the cover plate can be divided into three parts. The first part includes the base layer and the constraint layer, the second part includes one porous layer, and the third part includes one damping layer and another damping layer. The Young's modulus of the first part is greater than the Young's modulus of the second part, and the Young's modulus of the second part is greater than the Young's modulus of the third part. A gradient distribution of the Young's modulus of different layer structures is formed in the cover plate.

[0035] In the embodiments of the present application, one porous layer can cooperate with the constraint layer to jointly improve the vibration damping performance of another damping layer. Specifically, the constraint layer and another damping layer are arranged at intervals through one porous layer. The Young's modulus of one porous layer is between the constraint layer and another damping layer. From the perspective of transitional shear deformation, one porous layer can buffer the modulus gap between the constraint layer and another damping layer, and the combination of the constraint layer and one porous layer can achieve a multi-level constraint effect on another damping layer.

[0036] In the embodiments of the present application, one porous layer can also cooperate with the base layer to jointly improve the vibration damping performance of one damping layer. Specifically, one porous layer is arranged between the base layer and one damping layer along the direction of the cover plate facing multiple electrical components. The Young's modulus of one porous layer is between the base layer and one damping layer. The combination of the base layer and one porous layer can achieve a multi-level constraint effect on one damping layer and increase the shear deformation of one damping layer.

[0037] In the embodiments of the present application, one damping layer and another damping layer are mainly subjected to direct constraint effects of the constraint layer and the base layer to generate shear deformation. One damping layer and another damping layer are also respectively subjected to indirect constraint effects under the cooperation of the base layer, the constraint layer and one porous layer, which is beneficial to improving the energy dissipation efficiency of each damping layer.

[0038] In one embodiment, the Young's modulus of a constraint layer is greater than or equal to 180 GPa and less than or equal to 220 GPa. The Young's modulus of a porous layer is greater than or equal to 50 GPa and less than or equal to 80 GPa.

[0039] In the embodiments of the present application, according to the value range of the Young's modulus of the constraint layer, the material of the constraint layer can be selected from any one of structural steel, galvanized steel, magnesium-plated steel, and stainless steel. According to the value range of the Young's modulus of a porous layer, the material of a porous layer can be selected from any one of aluminum and aluminum alloy.

[0040] In the embodiments of the present application, according to the value range of the Young's modulus of the constraint layer and the value range of the Young's modulus of a porous layer, it can be obtained that the ratio of the Young's modulus of the constraint layer to the Young's modulus of a porous layer is greater than or equal to 2.25 and less than or equal to 4.4, ensuring that the constraint layer and a porous layer can achieve a gradient and multi-level constraint effect on a damping layer and another damping layer, enhancing the degree of shear deformation of a damping layer and another damping layer and the dissipation effect of vibration energy, and thus improving the vibration damping performance of the cover plate.

[0041] In one embodiment, the hardness of a base layer is greater than the hardness of a porous layer.

[0042] In the embodiments of the present application, along the direction of the cover plate towards multiple electrical components, the base layer is located at one end of the cover plate. The base layer faces the electrical components in the housing. The hardness of the base layer is greater than that of a porous layer, which is beneficial to improving the constraint effect of the base layer on a damping layer and another damping layer. The structural strength of the base layer is proportional to the hardness. The base layer can better support other layer structures in the cover plate and play a protective role for the electrical components in the housing.

[0043] In one embodiment, the hardness of a constraint layer is greater than the hardness of a porous layer.

[0044] In the embodiments of the present application, along the direction of the cover plate towards multiple electrical components, the constraint layer is located at the other end of the cover plate. The hardness of the constraint layer is greater than that of a porous layer, which can improve the constraint effect of the constraint layer on a damping layer and another damping layer, is beneficial to enhancing the damping performance of a damping layer and another damping layer, and improving the efficiency of the cover plate in dissipating vibration energy.

[0045] In one embodiment, the hardness of a base layer and the hardness of a constraint layer are both greater than the hardness of a porous layer.

[0046] The embodiments of the present application are beneficial to improving the structural strength at both inner and outer ends of the cover plate, enabling the base layer and the constraint layer to provide double protection for the electrical components inside the housing. The embodiments of the present application are also beneficial to enhancing the direct and indirect constraint effects on one damping layer and the other damping layer.

[0047] In one embodiment, a cover plate further includes another porous layer and yet another damping layer. The Young's modulus of the yet another damping layer is less than that of the another porous layer. The multiple micropores of the another porous layer are distributed inside the another porous layer, and the number of micropores of the another porous layer is greater than that of any one of a base layer or a constraint layer. Wherein: along the direction of the cover plate facing the multiple electrical components, the another damping layer, the another porous layer, the yet another damping layer, and a base layer are sequentially stacked.

[0048] In the embodiments of the present application, the yet another damping layer is located between the another porous layer and the base layer. The another porous layer and the base layer can directly constrain the yet another damping layer, prompting the yet another damping layer to undergo shear deformation with higher energy dissipation efficiency. Adding the yet another damping layer to the cover plate is beneficial to increasing the vibration energy that the cover plate can consume.

[0049] In the embodiments of the present application, the number of porous layers in the cover plate increases, so that the total number of micropores contained in the entire cover plate also increases. One porous layer and the another porous layer are distributed at different positions of the cover plate, which is beneficial to dissipating the vibration energy at different positions of the cover plate by using the micropores, and improving the adaptability of the cover plate in different application scenarios. Although the addition of the another porous layer will increase the thickness of the cover plate, due to the existence of multiple micropores in the another porous layer, the weight of the cover plate will not be significantly increased.

[0050] In one embodiment, along the direction of the cover plate facing the multiple electrical components, a constraint layer, the yet another damping layer, the another porous layer, and a damping layer are sequentially stacked.

[0051] In the embodiments of the present application, the another porous layer and the constraint layer can directly constrain the yet another damping layer, prompting the yet another damping layer to undergo shear deformation with higher energy dissipation efficiency.

[0052] In one embodiment, along the direction of the cover plate facing the multiple electrical components, the sum of the thicknesses of a base layer and a constraint layer is greater than the sum of the thicknesses of a porous layer and the another porous layer.

[0053] The embodiments of the present application are beneficial to ensuring that the proportion of the base layer and the constraint layer in the thickness of the cover plate is relatively large, thereby improving the structural strength and the constraint effect on one damping layer, the other damping layer, and the yet another damping layer.

[0054] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a powertrain. The powertrain includes a motor, a reducer, and the in-vehicle electrical device according to any one of the embodiments in the first aspect. The in-vehicle electrical device is configured to transmit electrical energy to the motor through a plurality of electrical components, and the motor is configured to convert the electrical energy into mechanical energy and transmit the mechanical energy to the reducer.

[0055] In the cover plate of the in-vehicle electrical device, along the direction in which the cover plate faces the plurality of electrical components, the thickness of the base layer and the thickness of the constraint layer are both greater than the thickness of a porous layer, and the thickness of a porous layer is greater than the thickness of each damping layer.

[0056] In the embodiment of the present application, when the in-vehicle electrical device in the first aspect is applied to the powertrain, since the cover plate of the in-vehicle electrical device can effectively dissipate vibration energy, it is beneficial to ensure the normal operation of each component in the powertrain and avoid electrical failures caused by vibration. In the embodiment of the present application, controlling the thickness of each layer structure of the cover plate within a suitable range is beneficial to ensuring the structural strength requirements of the constraint layer and the base layer, improving the ability of the porous layer to amplify shear deformation and reduce weight, and avoiding cracking of each damping layer during the deformation process.

[0057] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle. The vehicle includes a vehicle frame, a battery pack, and the powertrain according to the second aspect. The vehicle frame is configured to fix the battery pack and the powertrain, the battery pack is configured to supply electrical energy to the motor through the in-vehicle electrical device, and the powertrain is configured to drive the wheels of the vehicle.

[0058] In the embodiment of the present application, when the powertrain in the second aspect is applied to an electric vehicle, since the in-vehicle electrical device in the powertrain can block the propagation of vibration in the powertrain, it is beneficial to improve the NVH performance of the whole vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will describe the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present application.

[0060] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the vehicle provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0061] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the powertrain provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0062] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the cover plate of the in-vehicle electrical device provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0063] Figure 4 is a physical diagram of the porous layer of the cover plate provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0064] Figure 5It is another schematic structural view of the cover plate of the in-vehicle electrical device provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0065] Figure 6 It is another schematic structural view of the cover plate of the in-vehicle electrical device provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0066] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural view of the constrained damping cover plate of the in-vehicle electrical device in the prior art. Specific embodiments

[0067] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments.

[0068] For the convenience of understanding, the following first explains and describes the English abbreviations and related technical terms involved in the embodiments of the present application.

[0069] NVH: The English abbreviation of Noise, Vibration, Harshness, which refers to noise, vibration and harshness, and is used to measure the design and manufacturing quality of automobiles.

[0070] Young's modulus: It refers to the ratio of strain to stress, and is used to describe the ability of solid materials to resist deformation, with the unit of GPa.

[0071] Damping: It refers to the physical phenomenon that the vibration system is blocked and the energy dissipates over time.

[0072] Damping coefficient: It refers to the attenuation rate of the vibration energy of the system over time.

[0073] Parallel: The parallel defined in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to absolute parallel. This definition of parallel can be understood as substantially parallel, allowing for situations where it is not absolutely parallel due to influencing factors such as assembly tolerances, design tolerances, and structural flatness.

[0074] Currently, the performance of vibration reduction and noise reduction of in-vehicle electrical devices needs to be improved. The embodiments of the present application provide an in-vehicle electrical device. The housing of the in-vehicle electrical device is used to accommodate multiple electrical components of the in-vehicle electrical device. At least one electrical component is used to achieve AC-DC conversion or power conversion. The housing of the in-vehicle electrical device includes a cover plate, and a cover plate includes a constraint layer, a damping layer, a porous layer, another damping layer, and a base layer.

[0075] A constrained layer, a porous layer and a base layer are stacked and arranged along a direction from a cover plate toward multiple electrical components, and a distance from a base layer to multiple electrical components along a direction from a cover plate toward multiple electrical components is less than a distance from a porous layer or a constrained layer to multiple electrical components. A base layer is used to support a constrained layer, a damping layer, a porous layer and another damping layer. A base layer can also protect electrical components in the housing. A damping layer is arranged between a constrained layer and a porous layer, and another damping layer is arranged between a porous layer and a base layer.

[0076] A porous layer includes multiple micropores, and the multiple micropores are distributed inside the porous layer. The number of micropores in the porous layer is greater than the number of micropores in any one of a base layer or a constraint layer, and the Young's modulus of each damping layer is less than the Young's modulus of any one of a base layer, a porous layer or a constraint layer.

[0077] The embodiment of the present application improves the vibration reduction performance of each damping layer by cooperating with the porous layer, the constraint layer and the base layer. The micropores of the porous layer can be used to dissipate vibration energy, absorb noise and reduce the overall weight of the cover plate. The vehicle-mounted electrical device provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to a powertrain, and the powertrain containing the vehicle-mounted electrical device of the present application can be applied to a vehicle.

[0078] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1 provided in an embodiment of the present application. In the embodiment of the present application, vehicle 1 refers to a wheeled device driven or towed by a power device. In the embodiment of the present application, vehicle 1 includes a frame 20, a battery pack 30 and a powertrain 10. Among them, the frame 20 is the structural skeleton of the vehicle 1, and the frame 20 is used to install the battery pack 30 and the powertrain 10, and can bear the internal and external environmental loads of the vehicle 1. The battery pack 30 is used to supply power to the powertrain 10, and the battery pack 30 can also be called a power battery. The powertrain 10 is the power source of the vehicle 1, and the powertrain 10 is used to drive the wheels 40 of the vehicle 1.

[0079] See also Figure 2 , Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a powertrain 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application. In the embodiment of the present application, the powertrain 10 includes an on-board electrical device 11, a motor 12 and a reducer 13. The motor 12 is used to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy, and the motor 12 is connected to the reducer 13 in a transmission manner to drive the wheels 40 to rotate.

[0080] In one embodiment, the in-vehicle electrical device 11 includes at least one of a motor controller, an in-vehicle charger, or an in-vehicle power distribution device. Among them, the motor controller is used to convert the direct current transmitted by the battery pack into alternating current and transmit the alternating current to the motor. The in-vehicle charger is used to receive the electrical energy from an external power source and charge the battery pack. The in-vehicle power distribution device is used to distribute the electrical energy output by the battery pack to the loads of the electric vehicle.

[0081] Among them, the motor controller, the in-vehicle charger, and the in-vehicle power distribution device are involved in the functions of AC-DC conversion or power conversion by using the electrical component 120. Exemplarily, the electrical component 120 includes a capacitor module and a power module. The capacitor module is electrically connected between the battery pack and the power module, and the capacitor module can play roles such as smoothing the voltage, reducing the inductance parameter, and weakening the spike voltage. The power module refers to a combination of power electronic devices that can achieve the power conversion function, and the power electronic devices include at least one of insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), silicon carbide power transistor, silicon transistor, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), and diode.

[0082] During the driving process of the vehicle, the motor and the reducer will conduct vibrations to the in-vehicle electrical device. If the vibration damping performance of the in-vehicle electrical device is poor, it will radiate noise externally and interfere with the electrical connections of the electrical components internally, having a negative impact on the normal operation of the in-vehicle electrical device and the powertrain.

[0083] In the embodiment of the present application, by improving the structure of the in-vehicle electrical device, the dissipation efficiency of the vibration energy of the in-vehicle electrical device is improved, which is beneficial to enhancing the vibration damping and noise reduction performance of the in-vehicle electrical device, and can also control the weight of the in-vehicle electrical device.

[0084] Please refer to Figures 2 to 4 , Figure 3 which is a schematic structural diagram of the cover plate 110 of the in-vehicle electrical device provided by the embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 which is a physical diagram of a porous layer 112 of the cover plate 110 provided by the embodiment of the present application. In one embodiment, as Figure 2 shown, the housing 101 of the in-vehicle electrical device 11 is used to accommodate a plurality of electrical components 120 of the in-vehicle electrical device 11. Combining Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, the housing 101 of the in-vehicle electrical device 11 includes a cover plate 110, and a cover plate 110 includes a constraint layer 111, a damping layer 114, a porous layer 112, another damping layer 114, and a base layer 113.

[0085] Combined Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a constraint layer 111, a porous layer 112, and a base layer 113 are stacked in the direction of a cover plate 110 facing a plurality of electrical components 120. Along the direction of the cover plate 110 facing the plurality of electrical components 120, the distance between a base layer 113 and the plurality of electrical components 120 is less than the distance between a porous layer 112 or a constraint layer 111 and the plurality of electrical components 120. A damping layer 114 is arranged between a constraint layer 111 and a porous layer 112, and another damping layer 114 is arranged between a porous layer 112 and a base layer 113.

[0086] As Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, a porous layer 112 includes a plurality of micropores 1121. The plurality of micropores 1121 are distributed inside a porous layer 112. The number of micropores 1121 in a porous layer 112 is greater than the number of micropores 1121 in any one of a base layer 113 or a constraint layer 111. The Young's modulus of each damping layer 114 is less than the Young's modulus of any one of a base layer 113, a porous layer 112, or a constraint layer 111.

[0087] In the embodiments of the present application, for the convenience of description, one damping layer 114 and another damping layer 114 are respectively denoted as damping layer 114a and damping layer 114b, a porous layer 112 is denoted as porous layer 112a, and the direction of the cover plate 110 facing the plurality of electrical components 120 is denoted as the first direction A.

[0088] During the operation of the powertrain, the in-vehicle electrical device 11 will be subjected to vibrations from the motor and the reducer. If the in-vehicle electrical device 11 has poor dissipation ability for vibration energy, when the vibration is transmitted to the vicinity of the electrical components 120, it may cause relative displacement of the electrical components 120 within the in-vehicle electrical device 11, affecting the electrical connection state of the electrical components 120, and may even cause electrical failures in severe cases. When the vibration directly acts on the electrical components 120, the electrical components 120 will also generate stress, thereby shortening the service life of the electrical components 120. Vibration and noise can also be radiated to the whole vehicle through the in-vehicle electrical device 11, having a negative impact on the vehicle NVH performance. In addition, currently, the cover plate 110 of the in-vehicle electrical device 11 also needs to meet the requirements of lightweight design.

[0089] To solve the above problems, in the embodiments of the present application, the constraint layer 111, the base layer 113, and the porous layer 112a in the cover plate 110 cooperate with each other to improve the vibration damping efficiency of the damping layer 114a and the damping layer 114b, and to control the weight of the cover plate 110.

[0090] In the embodiment of the present application, the porous layer 112a and the constraint layer 111 are used to directly constrain the deformation of the damping layer 114a, and the porous layer 112a and the base layer 113 are used to directly constrain the deformation of the damping layer 114b. Specifically, along the first direction A, the damping layer 114a is arranged between the constraint layer 111 and the porous layer 112a, and the damping layer 114b is arranged between the porous layer 112a and the base layer 113. When the cover plate 110 is vibrated, since the Young's modulus of each damping layer 114 is the smallest, each damping layer 114 is most likely to deform. The Young's modulus refers to the ability to resist deformation. Among them, the porous layer 112a and the constraint layer 111 can directly hinder the tensile and bending deformations of the damping layer 114a, causing shear deformation inside the damping layer 114a. Since shear deformation consumes more energy than tensile and bending deformations, the porous layer 112a and the constraint layer 111 can improve the dissipation effect of the damping layer 114a on vibration energy. Similarly, the porous layer 112a and the base layer 113 can promote shear deformation inside the damping layer 114b, so as to improve the vibration reduction effect of the damping layer 114b.

[0091] In the embodiment of the present application, the multiple micropores 1121 of the porous layer 112a help to block the propagation of noise and vibration, and increase the channels for dissipating vibration energy in the cover plate 110. Specifically, when noise is transmitted to the porous layer 112a of the cover plate 110, the sound wave of the noise will be reflected multiple times inside the micropores 1121 of the porous layer 112a, and the sound energy is converted into heat energy, thus achieving the noise reduction effect. When the porous layer 112a is vibrated, it will also cause the inner walls of the micropores 1121 to rub against each other, generating heat, which is beneficial to consuming vibration energy. The dissipation efficiency of the vibration energy by the cover plate 110 is improved, which can ensure the normal operation of the in-vehicle electrical device 11 and the powertrain, and improve the vehicle NVH performance. Among them, the multiple micropores 1121 are distributed inside the porous layer 112a. In one embodiment, the micropores 1121 of the porous layer 112a are also distributed on the surface of the porous layer 112a. In one embodiment, the micropores 1121 of the porous layer 112a can be observed with the naked eye or need to be observed with the aid of a magnifying tool.

[0092] In addition, the micropores 1121 of the porous layer 112a increase the propagation distance of vibration between the constraint layer 111, the base layer 113 and each damping layer 114, which is equivalent to the porous layer 112a playing a role similar to lever amplification between the constraint layer 111, the base layer 113 and each damping layer 114, and is beneficial to increasing the shear deformation of each damping layer 114.

[0093] In the embodiment of the present application, the porous layer 112a includes a plurality of micropores 1121. Compared with other plates having the same material and thickness and no micropores 1121, the porous layer 112a is relatively lighter in weight. In the embodiment of the present application, while using the micropores 1121 to improve the vibration reduction and noise reduction performance of the cover plate 110, the weight of the cover plate 110 can also be reduced, which is beneficial to realizing the lightweight design of the powertrain, reducing the cost and power consumption of the vehicle. It is worth mentioning that one of the conditions for the cover plate 110 to resonate is that the natural vibration frequency of the cover plate 110 is close to the excitation frequency of excitation sources such as motors and reducers. The natural vibration frequency of the cover plate 110 is related to the weight and stiffness of the cover plate 110. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the weight of the cover plate 110 is reduced through the micropores 1121 of the porous layer 112, and the effect of regulating the natural vibration frequency of the cover plate 110 can also be achieved, increasing the difference in vibration frequency between the cover plate 110 and the motor and reducer, realizing frequency avoidance between the cover plate 110 and the excitation source, and being beneficial to alleviating the resonance problem.

[0094] In the embodiment of the present application, the base layer 113 is closer to the electrical component 120 in the housing 101 than the porous layer 112 or the constraint layer 111. The Young's modulus of the base layer 113 is relatively larger than that of each damping layer 114, which is beneficial to improving the protection effect of the base layer 113 on the electrical component 120 in the housing 101 and the supporting effect on other layer structures in the cover plate 110. The constraint layer 111 faces the outside of the housing 101, and the Young's modulus of the constraint layer 111 is also relatively large, so that the constraint layer 111 can also be used to protect the in-vehicle electrical device 11 from external environmental interference. Since the layer structures in the cover plate 110 that play a supporting and protecting role are mainly the base layer 113 and the constraint layer 111, the number of micropores 1121 in either the constraint layer 111 or the base layer 113 is less than the number of micropores 1121 in the porous layer 112a, which can avoid having a negative impact on the structural strength of the base layer 113 and the constraint layer 111. The number of micropores 1121 in the porous layer 112a is relatively large, which is beneficial for the porous layer 112a to play the roles of vibration reduction and noise reduction, amplifying the shear deformation of the damping layer 114, and reducing weight. In one embodiment, the base layer 113 and the constraint layer 111 do not include micropores 1121.

[0095] It should be noted that the Figure 3 only schematically shows that the porous layer 112a includes a plurality of micropores 1121, and does not represent the shape structure, size, and arrangement characteristics of the plurality of micropores 1121. The above description also applies to the Figure 5 and Figure 6 .

[0096] In one embodiment, a damping layer 114 is used to bond a constraint layer 111 to a surface of a porous layer 112 along the direction of a cover plate 110 towards a plurality of electrical components 120. A plurality of micropores 1121 are also distributed on a surface of the porous layer 112, and a part of the damping layer 114 is filled into the micropores 1121 on the surface.

[0097] In an embodiment of the present application, in addition to the vibration damping function, the damping layer 114a can also bond the constraint layer 111 to a surface of the porous layer 112a without adding an additional adhesive layer, which is beneficial to cost reduction and reduction of the overall thickness of the cover plate 110. Exemplarily, the damping layer 114a is a polymer damping adhesive.

[0098] In an embodiment of the present application, since a plurality of micropores 1121 are distributed on a surface of the porous layer 112a, a part of the damping layer 114a will penetrate into the micropores 1121 on the surface of the porous layer 112a, increasing the contact area between the porous layer 112a and the damping layer 114a, which is beneficial to improving the connection strength between the porous layer 112a and the constraint layer 111. In addition, the Young's moduli of the porous layer 112a and the damping layer 114a are not equal, so that the propagation speeds of vibration and noise in the porous layer 112a and the damping layer 114a are inconsistent. A part of the micropores 1121 on a surface of the porous layer 112a are filled with the damping layer 114a, so that a strong shearing effect will be generated near the interface where the micropores 1121 are in contact with the damping layer 114a, thereby improving the dissipation efficiency of vibration energy. Exemplarily, in one embodiment, the porous layer 112a may be a foam metal material, such as foam aluminum or foam nickel. In one embodiment, when the cover plate 110 of the vehicle-mounted electrical device 11 does not function as a load-bearing member, the porous layer 112a may also be a metal-organic framework material, a covalent-organic framework material or a foam plastic.

[0099] In one embodiment, another damping layer 114 is used to bond another surface of a porous layer 112 to a base layer 113 along the direction of a cover plate 110 towards a plurality of electrical components 120. A plurality of micropores 1121 are also distributed on another surface of the porous layer 112, and a part of the other damping layer 114 is filled into the micropores 1121 on the other surface.

[0100] In an embodiment of the present application, in addition to the vibration damping function, the damping layer 114b can also bond the base layer 113 to another surface of the porous layer 112a without adding an additional adhesive layer, which is beneficial to cost reduction and reduction of the overall thickness of the cover plate 110. Exemplarily, the damping layer 114b is a polymer damping adhesive.

[0101] In the embodiment of the present application, since micropores 1121 are distributed on the other surface of the porous layer 112a, a part of the damping layer 114b will penetrate into the micropores 1121 on the other surface of the porous layer 112a, increasing the contact area between the porous layer 112a and the damping layer 114b, which is beneficial to improving the connection strength between the porous layer 112a and the base layer 113. In addition, the Young's moduli of the porous layer 112a and the damping layer 114b are not equal, so that the propagation speeds of vibration and noise in the porous layer 112a and the damping layer 114b are inconsistent. Some of the micropores 1121 on the other surface of the porous layer 112a are filled with the damping layer 114b, resulting in a strong shear effect near the interface where the micropores 1121 contact the damping layer 114b, thereby improving the dissipation efficiency of vibration energy.

[0102] In one embodiment, the specific surface area of a porous layer 112 is larger than that of any one of a base layer 113, a constraint layer 111, or each damping layer 114.

[0103] In the embodiment of the present application, the specific surface area refers to the total area possessed by a unit mass of a substance. The inner surface area of the micropores 1121 in the porous layer 112a makes an important contribution to the specific surface area of the porous layer 112a. The specific surface area of the porous layer 112a is larger than that of any one of the base layer 113, the constraint layer 111, or each damping layer 114, which is beneficial for the porous layer 112a to dissipate vibration energy by using the micropores 1121. The relatively large specific surface area of the porous layer 112a indicates that the cavity volume in the porous layer 112a is also relatively large, improving the effect of the porous layer 112a in reducing the weight of the cover plate 110. When micropores 1121 are distributed on the surface of the porous layer 112a, the relatively large specific surface area of the porous layer 112a can also increase the contact area between the porous layer 112a and each damping layer 114, improving the vibration damping performance of the damping layer 114 and the overall structural strength of the cover plate 110.

[0104] In one embodiment, the porosity value of a porous layer 112 is greater than or equal to 60% and less than or equal to 98%.

[0105] In the embodiment of the present application, the porosity of the porous layer 112a refers to the volume ratio of the micropores 1121 in the porous layer 112a to the porous layer 112a. Exemplarily, the porosity of the porous layer 112a can be 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% or 98%. In the embodiment of the present application, controlling the porosity of the porous layer 112a within the range of 60%-98% is beneficial to improving the dissipation efficiency of the micropores 1121 in the porous layer 112a for vibration energy, enhancing the effect of amplifying shear deformation of the porous layer 112a between the constraint layer 111, the base layer 113 and each damping layer 114, and also enabling the lightweight design of the cover plate 110. In one embodiment, the inner diameter of each micropore 1121 is greater than or equal to 0.3 mm, and the inner diameter of each micropore 1121 is less than or equal to 7 mm.

[0106] In one embodiment, along the direction of one cover plate 110 facing multiple electrical components 120, the thickness of one base layer 113 is greater than or equal to the thickness of one constraint layer 111, and the thickness of one constraint layer 111 is greater than the thickness of one porous layer 112.

[0107] In the embodiment of the present application, the thickness directions of the base layer 113, the porous layer 112a, the constraint layer 111 and each damping layer 114 in the cover plate 110 are parallel to the first direction A. Among them, the thicknesses of the base layer 113 and the constraint layer 111 are both greater than the thickness of the porous layer 112a. This is equivalent to the relatively large proportion of the thicknesses of the base layer 113 and the constraint layer 111 in the cover plate 110, which is beneficial to meeting the requirements of the base layer 113 and the constraint layer 111 for structural strength, and can also improve the constraint effect of the base layer 113 and the constraint layer 111 on the damping layers 114a and 114b. The thickness of the porous layer 112a is relatively small compared to the base layer 113 and the constraint layer 111, which is beneficial to controlling the overall thickness of the cover plate 110 within a suitable range, taking into account the performance of vibration and noise reduction and the requirements of lightweight design.

[0108] The ratio of the thickness of one constraint layer 111 to the thickness of one porous layer 112 is less than the ratio of the mass of one constraint layer 111 to the mass of one porous layer 112.

[0109] In the embodiments of the present application, the lengths and widths of the respective layer structures in the cover plate 110 are generally similar or the same. Therefore, the ratio of the thickness of the constraint layer 111 to the thickness of the porous layer 112a can represent the ratio of volumes. The volume ratio of the constraint layer 111 to the porous layer 112a is less than the mass ratio of the constraint layer 111 to the porous layer 112a, indicating that the density of the porous layer 112a is less than the density of the constraint layer 111. Even if the same material as the constraint layer 111 is selected for the porous layer 112a, since the porous layer 112a includes a plurality of micropores 1121 and its structural form is different from that of the constraint layer 111, the density of the porous layer 112a can be less than the density of the constraint layer 111. If the porous layer 112a is replaced with a constraint layer 111 of the same thickness, although the overall thickness of the cover plate 110 remains unchanged, in this case, the vibration damping performance cannot be improved through the micropores 1121, and the overall weight of the cover plate 110 will be increased.

[0110] In one embodiment, along the direction in which one cover plate 110 faces a plurality of electrical components 120, the ratio of the thickness of one base layer 113 to the thickness of one porous layer 112 is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 6.

[0111] In the embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the base layer 113 along the first direction A needs to be controlled within a suitable range: if the thickness of the base layer 113 is too large, the overall vibration energy of the cover plate 110 will be large and the vibration will be difficult to suppress. If the thickness of the base layer 113 is too small, it will have a negative impact on the overall structural strength of the cover plate 110. The ratio of the thickness of the base layer 113 to the thickness of the porous layer 112a in the embodiments of the present application is between 2 and 6, which is beneficial to taking into account the vibration damping effect and structural strength of the cover plate 110. Exemplarily, the ratio of the thickness of the base layer 113 to the thickness of the porous layer 112a is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. The thickness of the porous layer 112a cannot be too small either, otherwise at least one of the number of micropores 1121, specific surface area, or porosity of the porous layer 112a may be reduced, which is not conducive to exerting the adjustment effect of the porous layer 112a on the vibration damping performance and weight.

[0112] In one embodiment, the thickness of one porous layer 112 is greater than the thickness of each damping layer 114.

[0113] In the embodiments of the present application, if the thickness of each damping layer 114 is too large, it is likely to fail due to cracking during the deformation process. If the thickness of the porous layer 112a is too small, the effect of the porous layer 112a in amplifying the shear deformation of the damping layer 114a and the damping layer 114b will be weakened. The embodiments of the present application are beneficial to taking into account the role of the porous layer 112a in amplifying the shear deformation and the service life of the damping layer 114a and the damping layer 114b.

[0114] In one embodiment, along the direction of a cover plate 110 towards a plurality of electrical components 120, the ratio of the thickness of a porous layer 112 to the thickness of each damping layer 114 is greater than or equal to 1.25 and less than or equal to 7.

[0115] In the embodiment of the present application, the thicknesses of the damping layer 114a and the damping layer 114b along the first direction A need to be controlled within a suitable range: if the thicknesses of the damping layer 114a and the damping layer 114b are too large, they are likely to fail due to cracking during the deformation process. If the thicknesses of the damping layer 114a and the damping layer 114b are too small, the degree of shear deformation is limited, and the effect of dissipating vibration energy will be negatively affected. The embodiment of the present application is beneficial to taking into account both the service life of the damping layer 114a and the damping layer 114b and the vibration damping effect. Exemplarily, taking the damping layer 114a as an example, the ratio of the thickness of the porous layer 112a to the thickness of the damping layer 114a is 1.25, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7.

[0116] In one embodiment, the Young's modulus of a porous layer 112 is less than the Young's modulus of any one of a base layer 113 or a constraint layer 111, and the ratio of the Young's modulus of a constraint layer 111 to the Young's modulus of a porous layer 112 is less than the ratio of the Young's modulus of a porous layer 112 to the Young's modulus of each damping layer 114.

[0117] In the embodiment of the present application, regardless of the positional relationship, only based on the magnitude of the Young's modulus, the cover plate 110 can be divided into three parts. The first part includes the base layer 113 and the constraint layer 111, the second part includes the porous layer 112a, and the third part includes the damping layer 114a and the damping layer 114b. The Young's modulus of the first part is greater than the Young's modulus of the second part, and the Young's modulus of the second part is greater than the Young's modulus of the third part, forming a gradient distribution of the Young's modulus of different layer structures in the cover plate 110.

[0118] In the embodiment of the present application, the porous layer 112a can cooperate with the constraint layer 111 to jointly improve the vibration damping performance of the damping layer 114b. Specifically, the constraint layer 111 and the damping layer 114b are arranged at intervals through the porous layer 112a. The Young's modulus of the porous layer 112a is between the constraint layer 111 and the damping layer 114b. From the perspective of transitional shear deformation, the porous layer 112a can buffer the modulus difference between the constraint layer 111 and the damping layer 114b, and the combination of the constraint layer 111 and the porous layer 112a can achieve a multi-level constraint effect on the damping layer 114b.

[0119] In an embodiment of the present application, the porous layer 112a can also cooperate with the base layer 113 to jointly improve the vibration damping performance of the damping layer 114a. Specifically, along the first direction A, the porous layer 112a is arranged between the base layer 113 and the damping layer 114a, and the Young's modulus of the porous layer 112a is between that of the base layer 113 and the damping layer 114a. The combination of the base layer 113 and the porous layer 112a can achieve a multi-level constraint effect on the damping layer 114a, increasing the shear deformation of the damping layer 114a.

[0120] In an embodiment of the present application, the damping layer 114a and the damping layer 114b are mainly subjected to shear deformation under the direct constraint of the constraint layer 111 and the base layer 113 respectively. The damping layer 114a and the damping layer 114b are also indirectly constrained under the cooperation of the base layer 113, the constraint layer 111 and the porous layer 112a, which is beneficial to improving the energy dissipation efficiency of each damping layer 114.

[0121] In one embodiment, the Young's modulus of a constraint layer 111 is greater than or equal to 180 GPa and less than or equal to 220 GPa. The Young's modulus of a porous layer 112 is greater than or equal to 50 GPa and less than or equal to 80 GPa.

[0122] In an embodiment of the present application, the Young's modulus of the constraint layer 111 is in the range of 180 GPa to 220 GPa. Exemplarily, the Young's modulus of the constraint layer 111 can be 180 GPa, 190 GPa, 200 GPa, 210 GPa or 220 GPa. According to the value range of the Young's modulus of the constraint layer 111, the material of the constraint layer 111 can be selected from any one of structural steel, galvanized steel, magnesium-plated steel and stainless steel. The Young's modulus of the porous layer 112a is in the range of 50 GPa to 80 GPa. Exemplarily, the Young's modulus of the porous layer 112a can be 50 GPa, 60 GPa, 70 GPa or 80 GPa. According to the value range of the Young's modulus of the porous layer 112a, the material of the porous layer 112a can be selected from any one of aluminum and aluminum alloys.

[0123] In an embodiment of the present application, according to the value range of the Young's modulus of the constraint layer 111 and the value range of the Young's modulus of the porous layer 112a, it can be obtained that the ratio of the Young's modulus of the constraint layer 111 to the Young's modulus of the porous layer 112a is greater than or equal to 2.25 and less than or equal to 4.4, ensuring that the constraint layer 111 and the porous layer 112a can achieve a gradient and multi-level constraint effect on the damping layer 114a and the damping layer 114b, enhancing the degree of shear deformation of the damping layer 114a and the damping layer 114b and the dissipation effect of vibration energy, and further improving the vibration damping performance of the cover plate 110.

[0124] In one embodiment, the hardness of a base layer 113 is greater than the hardness of a porous layer 112.

[0125] In an embodiment of the present application, along the first direction A, the base layer 113 is located at one end of the cover plate 110, the base layer 113 faces the electrical component 120 inside the housing 101, and the hardness of the base layer 113 is greater than that of the porous layer 112a, which is beneficial to improving the constraint effect of the base layer 113 on the damping layers 114a and 114b. The structural strength of the base layer 113 is proportional to its hardness, and the base layer 113 can better support other layer structures in the cover plate 110 and protect the electrical component 120 inside the housing 101.

[0126] In one embodiment, the hardness of a constraint layer 111 is greater than the hardness of a porous layer 112.

[0127] In an embodiment of the present application, along the first direction A, the constraint layer 111 is located at the other end of the cover plate 110, and the hardness of the constraint layer 111 is greater than that of the porous layer 112a, which can improve the constraint effect of the constraint layer 111 on the damping layers 114a and 114b, is beneficial to enhancing the damping performance of the damping layers 114a and 114b, and improving the efficiency of the cover plate 110 in dissipating vibration energy.

[0128] In one embodiment, the hardnesses of a base layer 113 and a constraint layer 111 are both greater than the hardness of a porous layer 112.

[0129] The embodiment of the present application is beneficial to improving the structural strength at both the inner and outer ends of the cover plate 110, so that the base layer 113 and the constraint layer 111 provide double protection for the electrical component 120 inside the housing 101. The embodiment of the present application is also beneficial to enhancing the direct and indirect constraint effects on the damping layers 114a and 114b.

[0130] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 which is another schematic structural diagram of the cover plate 110 of the vehicle-mounted electrical device provided by the embodiment of the present application. In one embodiment, a cover plate 110 further includes another porous layer 112 and yet another damping layer 114. The Young's modulus of the yet another damping layer 114 is less than the Young's modulus of the other porous layer 112. A plurality of micropores 1121 of the other porous layer 112 are distributed inside the other porous layer 112, and the number of micropores 1121 of the other porous layer 112 is greater than the number of micropores 1121 in any one of a base layer 113 or a constraint layer 111. Among them, along the direction in which the cover plate 110 faces a plurality of electrical components 120, the yet another damping layer 114, the other porous layer 112, the yet another damping layer 114, and a base layer 113 are sequentially stacked.

[0131] In the embodiments of the present application, for the convenience of description, another porous layer 112 is denoted as the porous layer 112b, and another damping layer 114 is denoted as the damping layer 114c. Compared with Figure 3 the cover plate 110 shown in Figure 5 , the cover plate 110 in

[0132] is newly added with a porous layer 112b and a damping layer 114c. Among them, the damping layer 114c is located between the porous layer 112b and the base layer 113. The porous layer 112b and the base layer 113 can directly constrain the damping layer 114c, prompting the damping layer 114c to undergo a shear deformation with higher energy dissipation efficiency. The addition of the damping layer 114c to the cover plate 110 is beneficial to increasing the vibration energy that the cover plate 110 can dissipate.

[0133] In one embodiment, the Young's modulus of the porous layer 112b is less than the Young's modulus of any one of the base layer 113 or the constraint layer 111.

[0134] In the embodiments of the present application, according to the magnitude relationship of the Young's modulus, the porous layer 112b and the porous layer 112a belong to the second part of the cover plate 110, and the damping layer 114c, the damping layer 114a, and the damping layer 114b belong to the third part of the cover plate 110.

[0135] In the embodiments of the present application, the damping layer 114b is spaced from the constraint layer 111 through the porous layer 112a, and the damping layer 114b is also spaced from the base layer 113 through the porous layer 112b. Although the addition of the porous layer 112b makes the damping layer 114b not in direct contact with the constraint layer 111 or the base layer 113, the constraint layer 111 and the base layer 113 can respectively cooperate with the porous layer 112a and the porous layer 112b to achieve a multi-level indirect constraint effect on the damping layer 114b. In the embodiments of the present application, the addition of the porous layer 112b to the cover plate 110 further extends the energy dissipation channel and can strengthen the transition effect of the porous layer 112a and the porous layer 112b on the shear deformation.

[0136] Please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6Another structural schematic diagram of the cover plate 110 of the vehicle-mounted electrical device provided by the embodiment of the present application. In another embodiment, a constraint layer 111, a damping layer 114, another porous layer 112, and a damping layer 114 are sequentially stacked and arranged in the direction of one cover plate 110 facing multiple electrical components 120.

[0137] In the embodiment of the present application, the porous layer 112b and the constraint layer 111 can directly constrain the damping layer 114c, prompting the damping layer 114c to undergo shear deformation with higher energy dissipation efficiency.

[0138] In one embodiment, the sum of the thicknesses of a base layer 113 and a constraint layer 111 in the direction of one cover plate 110 facing multiple electrical components 120 is greater than the sum of the thicknesses of one porous layer 112 and another porous layer 112.

[0139] The embodiment of the present application is beneficial to ensuring that the base layer 113 and the constraint layer 111 account for a relatively large proportion of the thickness of the cover plate 110, thereby improving the structural strength and the constraint effect on the damping layers 114a, 114b, and 114c.

[0140] In one embodiment, the porous layer 112b and the porous layer 112a are consistent in terms of Young's modulus and thickness. The porosity ranges of the porous layer 112b and the porous layer 112a at least partially overlap.

[0141] In one embodiment, the damping layer 114c is consistent with the damping layers 114a and 114b in terms of Young's modulus and thickness.

[0142] In one embodiment, the porous layer 112a and the porous layer 112b are collectively referred to as the porous layer 112, and the damping layers 114a, 114b, and 114c are collectively referred to as the damping layer 114. If it is necessary to increase the number of layers in the cover plate 110, n additional porous layers 112 and n additional damping layers 114 can be added on the basis of the cover plate 110 shown in Figure 3 The cover plate 110 shown, where each newly added porous layer 112 is adjacent to a newly added damping layer 114. Where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Figure 5 and Figure 6 The cover plate 110 shown is based on Figure 3 The cover plate 110 shown has added one porous layer 112 and one damping layer 114.

[0143] Next, by comparing the cover plate 110 of the embodiment of the present application with the constrained damping cover plate 110a of the prior art, the effects of the embodiment of the present application are further analyzed. Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 7 , Figure 7Schematic diagram of the constrained damping cover plate 110a in the prior art for in-vehicle electrical devices. Figure 3 and Figure 7 Only schematically represent the respective layer structures and do not represent the specific size.

[0144] In one embodiment, Figure 3 The length, width and thickness of the shown cover plate 110 are set to 80 mm, 25 mm and 1.55 mm respectively. The cover plate 110 includes a stacked constraint layer 111, damping layer 114a, porous layer 112a, damping layer 114b and base layer 113. Among them, the thickness of the constraint layer 111 is 0.6 mm, the Young's modulus of the constraint layer 111 is 200 GPa, and the material of the constraint layer 111 is selected as structural steel. The thickness of the porous layer 112a is 0.3 mm, the Young's modulus of the porous layer 112a is 70 GPa, and the material of the porous layer 112a is selected as aluminum foam. The thicknesses of both the damping layer 114a and the damping layer 114b are 0.025 mm, the materials of the damping layer 114a and the damping layer 114b are selected as epoxy resin glue, and the Young's moduli of both the damping layer 114a and the damping layer 114b are 1 GPa. The thickness of the base layer 113 is 0.6 mm, the Young's modulus of the base layer 113 is 200 GPa, and the material of the base layer 113 is selected as structural steel.

[0145] Figure 7 The length, width and thickness of the shown constrained damping cover plate 110a are the same as those of Figure 3 the shown cover plate 110. The constrained damping cover plate 110a includes a stacked constraint layer 111d, damping layer 114d and base layer 113d. Among them, the material of the constraint layer 111d, the thickness and material of the damping layer 114d, and the thickness and material of the base layer 113d are the same as those of Figure 3 the shown cover plate 110. Figure 7 The difference between the shown constrained damping cover plate 110a and Figure 3 the shown embodiment is that the constrained damping cover plate 110a does not include the porous layer 112, and the thickness of the constraint layer 111d in the constrained damping cover plate 110a is 0.925 mm, which is equivalent to the sum of the thicknesses of the constraint layer 111, damping layer 114a and porous layer 112a in the embodiment of the present application.

[0146] Figure 3 The mass of the shown cover plate 110 is 0.59 kg, Figure 7 The mass of the shown constrained damping cover plate 110a is 0.69 kg. That is, under the condition of equal overall thickness, the embodiment of the present application can reduce the mass of the cover plate 110 of the in-vehicle electrical device 11, which is beneficial to optimizing the powertrain and vehicle layout, and can also adjust the natural vibration frequency of the in-vehicle electrical device 11 by reducing the weight. Comparing Figure 3 the shown cover plate 110 and Figure 7The shown constrained damping cover plate 110a is placed in a powertrain with the same environment. When the motor speed is changed, Figure 3 the average value of the noise generated by the shown cover plate 110 is less than Figure 7 the shown constrained damping cover plate 110a, Figure 3 the damping coefficient of the shown cover plate 110 is greater than Figure 7 the shown constrained damping cover plate 110a, indicating that the embodiments of the present application utilize the cooperation of the porous layer 112 containing micropores 1121 with the constraint layer 111, the damping layer 114, and the base layer 113, which can improve the dissipation efficiency of vibration energy, amplify the shear deformation of the damping layer 114, and hinder the propagation of noise. The embodiments of the present application take into account the requirements of improving the shock absorption performance of the cover plate 110 and the lightweight design.

[0147] The on-vehicle electrical device, powertrain, and vehicle provided by the embodiments of the present application have been introduced in detail above. Specific examples are used in this article to elaborate on the principle and embodiments of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present application. At the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present application, there will be changes in the specific embodiments and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present application.

Claims

1. A vehicle-mounted electrical device, characterized in that, The housing of the in-vehicle electrical device is used to accommodate a plurality of electrical components of the in-vehicle electrical device. The housing of the in-vehicle electrical device includes a cover plate, and the cover plate includes: A constraint layer, a porous layer, and a base layer. The constraint layer, the porous layer, and the base layer are stacked in the direction of the cover plate facing the plurality of electrical components. Along the direction of the cover plate facing the plurality of electrical components, the distance between the base layer and the plurality of electrical components is less than the distance between the porous layer or the constraint layer and the plurality of electrical components; A damping layer and another damping layer. The damping layer is arranged between the constraint layer and the porous layer, and the other damping layer is arranged between the porous layer and the base layer; The porous layer includes a plurality of micropores, and the plurality of micropores are distributed inside the porous layer. The number of micropores in the porous layer is greater than the number of micropores in any one of the base layer or the constraint layer. The Young's modulus of each damping layer is less than the Young's modulus of any one of the base layer, the porous layer, or the constraint layer.

2. The in-vehicle electrical device according to claim 1, wherein, The damping layer is used to bond the constraint layer to a surface of the porous layer in the direction of the cover plate facing the plurality of electrical components; The plurality of micropores are also distributed on the surface of the porous layer, and a part of the damping layer is filled into the micropores on the surface; 3. The in-vehicle electrical device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The other damping layer is used to bond another surface of the porous layer to the base layer in the direction of the cover plate facing the plurality of electrical components; The plurality of micropores are also distributed on the other surface of the porous layer, and a part of the other damping layer is filled into the micropores on the other surface; 4. The in-vehicle electrical device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific surface area of the porous layer is greater than the specific surface area of any one of the base layer, the constraint layer, or each damping layer; 5. The in-vehicle electrical device according to claim 1, wherein The porosity value of the porous layer is greater than or equal to 60%, and the porosity value of the porous layer is less than or equal to 98%; 6. The in-vehicle electrical device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Along the direction of the cover plate facing the plurality of electrical components, the thickness of the base layer is greater than or equal to the thickness of the constraint layer, and the thickness of the constraint layer is greater than the thickness of the porous layer; The ratio of the thickness of the constraint layer to the thickness of the porous layer is less than the ratio of the mass of the constraint layer to the mass of the porous layer; 7. The in-vehicle electrical device according to claim 6, characterized in that, Along the direction of the cover plate facing the plurality of electrical components, the ratio of the thickness of the base layer to the thickness of the porous layer is greater than or equal to 2, and the ratio of the thickness of the base layer to the thickness of the porous layer is less than or equal to 6; 8. The in-vehicle electrical device according to claim 6, characterized in that, Along the direction of the cover plate facing the plurality of electrical components, the ratio of the thickness of the porous layer to the thickness of each damping layer is greater than or equal to 1.25, and the ratio of the thickness of the porous layer to the thickness of each damping layer is less than or equal to 7.

9. The in-vehicle electrical device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The Young's modulus of the one porous layer is less than that of any one of the one base layer or the one constraint layer, and the ratio of the Young's modulus of the one constraint layer to that of the one porous layer is less than the ratio of the Young's modulus of the one porous layer to that of each of the damping layers.

10. The in-vehicle electrical device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The value of the Young's modulus of the one constraint layer is greater than or equal to 180 GPa and less than or equal to 220 GPa; The value of the Young's modulus of the one porous layer is greater than or equal to 50 GPa and less than or equal to 80 GPa.

11. The in-vehicle electrical device according to claim 1, wherein The hardness of at least one of the one base layer or the one constraint layer is greater than that of the one porous layer.

12. The in-vehicle electrical device according to any one of claims 1-5, 7-8, 10 or 11, characterized in that, The one cover plate further includes another one of the porous layers and yet another one of the damping layers. The Young's modulus of the yet another damping layer is less than that of the another porous layer. A plurality of micropores of the another porous layer are distributed inside the another porous layer, and the number of the micropores of the another porous layer is greater than the number of the micropores of any one of the one base layer or the one constraint layer, where: In the direction of the one cover plate towards the plurality of electrical components, the another damping layer, the another porous layer, the yet another damping layer, and the one base layer are sequentially stacked; or, In the direction of the one cover plate towards the plurality of electrical components, the one constraint layer, the yet another damping layer, the another porous layer, and the one damping layer are sequentially stacked.

13. The in-vehicle electrical device according to claim 12, characterized in that, In the direction of the one cover plate towards the plurality of electrical components, the sum of the thicknesses of the one base layer and the one constraint layer is greater than the sum of the thicknesses of the one porous layer and the another porous layer.

14. A powertrain, characterized in that, The powertrain includes a motor, a reducer, and the in-vehicle electrical device according to any one of claims 1-13. The in-vehicle electrical device is configured to transmit electrical energy to the motor through the plurality of electrical components, and the motor is configured to convert the electrical energy into mechanical energy and transmit the mechanical energy to the reducer; In the one cover plate of the in-vehicle electrical device, in the direction of the one cover plate towards the plurality of electrical components, the thicknesses of both the one base layer and the one constraint layer are greater than the thickness of the one porous layer, and the thickness of the one porous layer is greater than the thickness of each of the damping layers.

15. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a vehicle frame, a battery pack, and the powertrain according to claim 14. The vehicle frame is configured to fix the battery pack and the powertrain, the battery pack is configured to supply electrical energy to the motor through the in-vehicle electrical device, and the powertrain is configured to drive the wheels of the vehicle.

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