Hydraulic model hub discharge capacity measuring device
By combining the use of tempered glass sinks, drainage gate piers, stylus type water level meter and other components, the problem of large water surface line measurement error in hydraulic model tests is solved, fast and accurate water surface line capture is achieved, multi-point measurement is supported, and the accuracy of drainage capacity calculation is improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422229745.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-04
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-12
AI Technical Summary
In the hydraulic model test, the water surface line measurement error is large and it is difficult to quickly capture multiple measurement points at the same time, which affects the calculation accuracy of the leakage capacity.
The water surface line capture system consisting of tempered glass sink, drain gate piers, stylus water level meter, scale slide rail, laser level, high-speed camera and camera calibration object is used to determine the single-point water level of the water surface line through the stylus water level meter, the laser level adjusts the camera height, the high-speed camera captures the water surface line, and the camera calibration object converts the pixel coordinates to achieve fast and accurate water surface line measurement.
It realizes fast and accurate measurement of water surface lines, reduces measurement errors, supports multi-point measurement, and facilitates accurate calculation of leakage capacity.
Smart Images
Figure CN223064796U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to a measuring device for the discharge capacity of a hydraulic model hub, belonging to the technical field of fluid pressure testing devices. Background Technique
[0002] The cross-section model test in the hydraulic model test is mainly used to demonstrate the relevant hydraulic problems under the design scheme of the water conservancy hub. The discharge capacity curve is the basic characteristic curve for the hub operation. Verifying the discharge capacity of the hub under typical flow conditions is the most important part of the results of the hydraulic model test. The measurement of the discharge capacity has very strict requirements for the measurement accuracy and point density of the upstream and downstream water surface lines. An error of a few millimeters in the water surface line in the model can be converted into an error of dozens of centimeters in the prototype, which has a great impact on the calculation of the discharge capacity of the hub. Currently, the main methods for measuring the water surface line are: (1) opening holes at the bottom of the water tank, connecting the water body in the water tank with a measuring cylinder through a water pipe, and using a dipstick to measure the water level of the measuring cylinder; (2) directly measuring the distance between the water surface and the bottom of the water tank with a straight ruler. The first method usually has the problem that the water pipe is blocked by impurities such as sediment in the water tank, resulting in a large reading error, and the cost of opening holes and connecting water pipes is relatively high, making it difficult to arrange a large number of measuring points along the water surface line. The second method that the straight ruler extends into the water tank will affect the water level at the measuring point, and the inclination of the straight ruler also causes a large measurement error.
[0003] In order to overcome the problems of large measurement errors in the water surface line measurement and difficulty in simultaneously and quickly capturing multiple measuring points in the measurement of the discharge capacity of the hydraulic model hub, it is urgent to develop a set of accurate and rapid measuring devices. Content of the Utility Model
[0004] In order to solve the above existing problems, the utility model discloses a measuring device for the discharge capacity of a hydraulic model hub, and its specific technical solution is as follows:
[0005] A measuring device for the discharge capacity of a hydraulic model hub includes a hub sluice model and a water surface line capturing system.
[0006] The hub sluice model includes a toughened glass water tank, a sluice pier, and a dipstick type water level gauge. The sluice pier is installed in the toughened glass water tank. After the upstream incoming flow passes through the sluice pier, the water level changes. The dipstick type water level gauge is placed beside the outer side of the toughened glass water tank to determine the water level of a single point on the water surface line of the area to be measured, serving as a reference height for adjusting the height of the camera.
[0007] The water surface line capturing system includes a calibrated slide rail, two brackets, a laser level, a high-speed camera, and a camera calibration object. The two brackets are movably mounted on one side of the slide rail in the vertical direction. The high-speed camera is placed on the upper bracket, and the laser level is placed on the lower bracket. The camera calibration object is attached to the outer wall of the tempered glass water tank, below the water surface height. The laser level is used to determine the elevation of the camera calibration object, the high-speed camera is used to capture the water surface line within the measurement range, and the camera calibration object is used to convert pixel coordinates and physical coordinates.
[0008] Furthermore, a concrete foundation is built at the bottom of the tempered glass water tank, and a bottom plate is erected on the concrete foundation. The sluice pier is arranged at the position of the tempered glass water tank near the upstream end.
[0009] Furthermore, the sluice pier includes two piers. The space between the two piers is a sluice opening, and the spaces between the two piers and the inner walls of the corresponding sides of the tempered glass water tank are each half a sluice opening, which is used to simulate the flow process of two sluice openings of the sluice. The two sluice openings refer to the middle sluice opening and the half sluice openings on both sides. The bottom plate below the sluice opening is called the sluice floor.
[0010] Furthermore, the pier, the sluice opening, and the sluice floor together form the sluice chamber. The sluice floor in the upstream section of the sluice chamber is horizontally arranged. The downstream side of the sluice floor is connected to a slope, and the slope section is called the connecting section. The horizontal floor downstream of the slope is the stilling basin floor. Pressure measuring points are arranged along the longitudinal centerlines of the connecting section and the stilling basin floor. Below the longitudinal centerline of the bottom plate and near the side wall of the tempered glass water tank, a brick wall is used for support, and the longitudinal centerline of the bottom plate is hollow, where the data transmission lines of the pressure measuring points are arranged.
[0011] Furthermore, the bottom of the piezometric water level gauge is connected to the bottom of the upstream or downstream of the water tank through a water pipe to obtain the water level of a single point in the upstream or downstream area to be measured, which is used as a reference height for camera height adjustment.
[0012] Furthermore, the laser level is a surface light source, and the laser horizontal line formed on the side wall of the tempered glass water tank is below the water surface. The camera calibration object is a rectangular white sticker, and the lower edge of the sticker is aligned with the laser horizontal line and attached to the side wall of the tempered glass water tank.
[0013] Furthermore, an upstream reservoir is set at the upstream of the tempered glass water tank, a downstream reservoir is set at the downstream, and a water conveyance pipeline connecting the upstream reservoir and the downstream reservoir is also provided. One end of the water conveyance pipeline is provided with a water pump, and the water in the downstream reservoir is pumped back to the upstream reservoir through the water pump. The water conveyance pipeline is also provided with a valve and an electromagnetic flowmeter.
[0014] Furthermore, a downstream tailgate is provided at the downstream port of the tempered glass water tank.
[0015] Furthermore, a base is provided at the bottom of the slide rail, and several pulleys with brakes are provided below the base.
[0016] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows:
[0017] The water level gauge with a probe of the present utility model is placed beside the outer side of the tempered glass water tank, and is used to determine the water level of a single point on the water surface line of the area to be measured, as the reference height for adjusting the height of the camera.
[0018] The present utility model acquires the water surface line image through a high-speed camera, accurately and quickly.
[0019] The present utility model determines the elevation of the camera calibration object through a laser level. The high-speed camera is used to photograph the water surface line within the measurement range, and the camera calibration object is used to convert pixel coordinates and physical coordinates.
[0020] For the sluice pier of the present utility model, the upstream and downstream and the bottom of the chamber floor are suspended, which is used to measure the pressure data of the fluid on the bottom.
[0021] For the present utility model, the height adjustment of the high-speed camera and the laser level is convenient, and the movement of the slide rail through the pulley is convenient, which is convenient for multi-point measurement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] Figure 1 is the front view of the present utility model;
[0023] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the right view of;
[0024] Figure 3 is the schematic diagram of the downstream tail gate structure of the present utility model.
[0025] List of reference numerals: 1 - tempered glass water tank, 2 - pier, 3 - water level gauge with a probe, 4 - slide rail, 5 - bracket, 6 - high-speed camera, 7 - laser level. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0026] The present utility model will be further illustrated below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the present utility model and not to limit the scope of the present utility model.
[0027] Combined with the attached Figure 1-2 It can be seen that the measuring device for the discharge capacity of the hydraulic model hub of the present utility model includes a hub sluice model and a water surface line capturing system.
[0028] The specific structures of each system will be introduced in turn below:
[0029] The specific component names involved include: tempered glass water tank 1, pier 2, water level gauge with a probe 3, slide rail 4, bracket 5, high-speed camera 6, laser level 7.
[0030] The pivot sluice model includes a circulating flume system, a sluice pier, and a piezometric water level gauge. The circulating flume system includes an upstream reservoir, a water conveyance pipeline, a toughened glass flume, a downstream tailgate, and a downstream reservoir. A water pump, a valve, and an electromagnetic flowmeter are arranged on the water conveyance pipeline. The water conveyance pipeline connects the upstream reservoir and the downstream reservoir, and pumps the water in the downstream reservoir back to the upstream reservoir through the water pump. The downstream tailgate is set at the downstream port of the toughened glass flume. The sluice pier is installed in the toughened glass flume. The water level changes after the upstream flow passes through the sluice pier. The piezometric water level gauge is placed beside the outside of the toughened glass flume to determine the water level of a single point on the water surface line of the area to be measured, serving as the reference height for camera height adjustment. The downstream tailgate adopts a grid-type tailgate, that is, it is composed of multiple vertically connected grid plates on both sides. Each grid plate can independently control its rotation around the vertical center line, or through a master switch, control all grid plates to rotate synchronously. Rotating the grid plate angle adjusts the water discharge flow to control the water level of the tailgate. For details, please refer to the appendix Figure 3 。
[0031] A concrete foundation is built at the bottom of the toughened glass flume, and a bottom plate is erected on the concrete foundation. The sluice pier is set at the position of the toughened glass flume close to the upstream end.
[0032] The sluice pier includes two piers. The space between the two piers is a sluice opening. The spaces between the two piers and the side walls of the toughened glass flume on the corresponding sides are each half a sluice opening, used to simulate the flow discharge process of two sluice openings of the sluice. The two sluice openings refer to the middle sluice opening and the half sluice openings on both sides. The vertical ends at the upstream and downstream of the pier are set as arcs.
[0033] The sluice chamber includes piers, sluice openings, and a sluice floor. The horizontal floor at the upstream section of the sluice chamber is the sluice floor. The downstream side of the sluice floor is connected to a slope, and the slope section is called the connection section. The horizontal floor connected downstream of the slope is the stilling basin floor. Pressure measuring points are arranged along the longitudinal center lines of the connection section and the stilling basin floor. The bottom of the floor is supported by a brick wall close to the side wall surface of the toughened glass flume below, and the longitudinal center line of the floor is hollow, where the data transmission lines of the pressure measuring points are arranged.
[0034] The bottom of the piezometric water level gauge is connected to the upstream and downstream bottoms of the flume through rubber hoses to obtain the water levels of single points in the upstream and downstream areas to be measured, serving as the reference height for camera height adjustment.
[0035] The water surface line capture system includes a graduated slide rail, two brackets, a laser level, a high-speed camera, and a camera calibration object. The two brackets are movably mounted on the slide rail in the vertical direction. The high-speed camera is placed on the upper bracket, and the laser level is placed on the lower bracket. The camera calibration object is attached to the outer wall of the tempered glass water tank, below the water surface height. The laser level is used to determine the elevation of the camera calibration object, the high-speed camera is used to capture the water surface line within the measurement range, and the camera calibration object is used to convert pixel coordinates and physical coordinates. The two brackets are arranged one above the other on the graduated slide rail. The scale on the slide rail facilitates reading the height of the brackets at any time. On one side of the bracket in contact with the slide rail, there is a C-shaped notch that is stuck on the slide rail. The slide rail is a graduated column. The C-shaped notch is in mechanical labyrinth contact with the slide rail, so that the bracket will not detach from the slide rail. And an adjusting nut is provided on the bracket. The nut end of the adjusting nut is located on the outside, and the screw end passes through the bracket at the C-shaped notch and abuts against the slide rail. When adjustment is needed, loosen the adjusting nut, and it can slide up and down. When fixation is needed, tighten the adjusting nut, and the end of the screw of the adjusting nut presses against the slide rail to fix it. A base is also provided at the bottom of the slide rail, and pulleys are provided below the base. The base is usually selected as circular, rectangular, or square, and the pulleys are evenly arranged at the bottom corners of the base or evenly dispersed around the circumference. This facilitates moving the position of the water surface line capture system when testing tempered glass water tanks at different positions.
[0036] The laser level is a surface light source, and the laser horizontal line formed on the side wall of the water tank is below the water surface. The camera calibration object is a rectangular white sticker (size w * h mm), and the lower edge of the sticker is aligned with the laser horizontal line and attached to the side wall of the water tank.
[0037] The water surface line image post-processing system is loaded with a water surface line recognition method and a water surface line data extraction method. The water surface line recognition method is to segment the image through the threshold segmentation method to recognize the water body, air, and camera calibration object in the image. The water surface line data extraction method uses the contour line extraction algorithm to extract the contours of the water body and the camera calibration object.
[0038] The distance between the measuring probe type water level gauge 3 and the graduated slide rail 4 can be adjusted according to the size of the site. The distance between the camera calibration object 9 and the water surface line 8 is adjusted according to the size of the camera view window.
[0039] The usage process of the present utility model is as follows:
[0040] Adjust the height of the laser level instrument 7 so that the laser horizontal line is below the water surface line. Align the lower edge of the camera calibration object 9 with the laser horizontal line and place it on the outer wall of the tempered glass water tank.
[0041] Read the readings of the piezometric level gauge 3 to obtain the water level of a single measuring point within the measuring range. Adjust the camera support to the height of the piezometer to complete the rough adjustment of the height of the high-speed camera. According to the position of the water surface line and the calibration object within the camera viewport, continue to finely adjust the height and focal length of the high-speed camera 6 so that both the water surface line and the camera calibration object clearly appear within the viewport.
[0042] Convert the collected photos into grayscale images, analyze the grayscale of the images to obtain the grayscale histogram, and select the grayscale value at the bottom of the valley between the two peaks in the grayscale histogram as the threshold for image threshold segmentation. After threshold segmentation, a binary image is obtained.
[0043] Use the bwboundaries function in Matlab to extract the water body contour and calibration object contour in the binary image.
[0044] Click on the contour line in the contour line graph to obtain the pixel coordinates of each point. Establish a physical coordinate system with one of the points as the coordinate origin, and obtain the physical coordinates of any point on the water surface line through conversion.
[0045] The meaning of "connection" described in this application can be a direct connection between components or an indirect connection between components through other components.
[0046] Inspired by the ideal embodiments of the present invention described above, through the above description, relevant staff can make various changes and modifications completely within the scope of not deviating from the technical idea of this invention. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A measuring device for the discharge capacity of a hydraulic model hub, characterized in that It includes a hub sluice gate model and a water surface line capture system. The hub sluice gate model includes a toughened glass water tank, sluice gate piers, and a piezometric water level gauge. The sluice gate piers are installed in the toughened glass water tank. The water level changes after the upstream incoming flow passes through the sluice gate piers. The piezometric water level gauge is placed beside the outer side of the toughened glass water tank. The water surface line capture system includes a graduated slide rail, two brackets, a laser level, a high-speed camera, and a camera calibration object. The two brackets are movably installed on one side of the slide rail in the vertical direction. The high-speed camera is placed on the upper bracket, and the laser level is placed on the lower bracket. The camera calibration object is pasted on the outer wall of the toughened glass water tank, below the water surface height.
2. The hydraulic model hub discharge capacity measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A concrete foundation is built at the bottom of the toughened glass water tank, and a bottom plate is erected on the concrete foundation. The sluice gate piers are arranged at the position of the toughened glass water tank near the upstream end.
3. The measuring device for the discharge capacity of a hydraulic model hub according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sluice gate piers include two piers. The space between the two piers is a sluice opening. The spaces between the two piers and the inner walls of the corresponding side of the toughened glass water tank are each half a sluice opening, used to simulate the flow process of two sluice openings of the sluice gate. The two sluice openings refer to the middle sluice opening and the half sluice openings on both sides. The bottom plate below the sluice opening is called the sluice bottom plate.
4. A hydraulic model hub discharge capacity measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The piers, sluice openings, and sluice bottom plate together form a sluice chamber. The sluice bottom plate in the upstream section of the sluice chamber is horizontally arranged. The downstream side of the sluice bottom plate is connected to a slope, and the slope section is called the connection section. The horizontal bottom plate connected downstream of the slope is the stilling basin bottom plate. Pressure measuring points are arranged along the longitudinal centerlines of the connection section and the stilling basin bottom plate. The bottom of the bottom plate is supported by a brick wall near the side wall of the toughened glass water tank. The longitudinal centerline of the bottom plate is hollow, and the data transmission lines of the pressure measuring points are arranged.
5. A hydraulic model hub discharge capacity measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the piezometric water level gauge is connected to the upstream or downstream bottom of the water tank through a water pipe.
6. The water conservancy model hub discharge capacity measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laser level is a surface light source. The laser horizontal line formed on the side wall of the toughened glass water tank is below the water surface. The camera calibration object is a rectangular white sticker, and the lower edge of the sticker is aligned with the laser horizontal line and pasted on the side wall of the toughened glass water tank.
7. A device for measuring the discharge capacity of a hydraulic model hub according to claim 1, characterized in that, An upstream reservoir is arranged upstream of the toughened glass water tank, and a downstream reservoir is arranged downstream. A water conveyance pipeline connecting the upstream reservoir and the downstream reservoir is also provided. One end of the water conveyance pipeline is provided with a water pump, and the water in the downstream reservoir is pumped back to the upstream reservoir through the water pump. The water conveyance pipeline is also provided with a valve and an electromagnetic flowmeter.
8. A hydraulic model hub discharge capacity measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A downstream tailgate is arranged at the downstream port of the toughened glass water tank.
9. The measuring device for the discharge capacity of a hydraulic model hub according to claim 1, characterized in that, A base is arranged at the bottom of the slide rail, and several pulleys with brakes are arranged below the base.