Seed-metering device for precision seeding

Abstract

The utility model discloses a seed-metering device for precision seeding. The seed-metering device comprises a seed-metering box, a negative-pressure seed suction roller, three conveying connecting pipes, a seed quantity adjusting mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, a rotary driving mechanism and a positive-pressure seed blowing mechanism, according to the seed metering device for precision seeding, seed suction holes in three annular seed suction intervals can be blocked and adjusted by utilizing the seed quantity adjusting mechanism according to the intervals, so that the seed suction holes which do not need to be adsorbed do not form negative pressure any more, and the quantity of seeds blown by the positive-pressure seed blowing mechanism each time is adjusted; the requirement of quickly adjusting the seeding rate on the premise of not replacing the seeding single body is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a seed metering device, in particular to a seed metering device for precision seeding. Background Art

[0002] Currently, existing seed metering devices are all for single-seed metering. However, in many cases, it is necessary to perform two-seed or three-seed seeding. Therefore, it is necessary to correspondingly set up seed metering devices with different seeding amounts for replacement use, which increases the overall cost of the seeder. Moreover, this method of adjusting the number of sown seeds by replacing the seed metering device requires a lot of labor and time, and the overall efficiency is not high. Therefore, it is necessary to design a seed metering device for precision seeding that can quickly adjust the number of sown seeds without replacing the seed metering device. Summary of the Utility Model

[0003] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a seed metering device for precision seeding that can quickly adjust the number of sown seeds without replacing the seed metering device.

[0004] Technical Solution: The seed metering device for precision seeding described in the utility model includes a seed metering box, a negative-pressure seed suction drum, three conveying connecting pipes, a seed amount adjusting mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, a rotary driving mechanism, and a positive-pressure seed blowing mechanism; the rotary driving mechanism is installed in the middle of the rear side surface of the seed metering box, the negative-pressure seed suction drum is horizontally and longitudinally installed on the rotary driving mechanism, and the negative-pressure seed suction drum is located inside the seed metering box and is driven by the rotary driving mechanism to rotate; four annular retaining rings are arranged at equal intervals around the barrel wall of the negative-pressure seed suction drum, and three annular seed suction intervals are formed on the barrel wall of the negative-pressure seed suction drum by the four annular retaining rings. On the barrel wall within the three annular seed suction intervals, seed suction holes are equally spaced in the circumferential direction, and the longitudinal positions of adjacent seed suction holes between the three annular seed suction intervals correspond; the seed amount adjusting mechanism is telescopically installed at the barrel opening of the negative-pressure seed suction drum and is used to block and adjust the seed suction holes on the three annular seed suction intervals according to the intervals; the cleaning mechanism is installed in the middle of the left vertical side surface of the seed metering box and is used to clean the seeds adsorbed in excess within the three annular seed suction intervals; the upper ends of the three conveying connecting pipes all penetrate into the right vertical side surface of the seed metering box, and inoculation covers are arranged at the penetration ends; the positive-pressure seed blowing mechanism is located inside the negative-pressure seed suction drum and is used to blow the seeds adsorbed on the seed suction holes at the corresponding positions of the three inoculation covers into the inoculation covers.

[0005] Further, the seeding amount adjusting mechanism includes a main negative pressure pipe, a first telescopic sleeve, a closing disc and a sealing sleeve; the main negative pressure pipe is installed in a penetrating and sealed manner at the center of the front side of the seeding box, the closing disc is installed in a rotating and sealed manner at the inner end of the main negative pressure pipe, and the closing disc extends into the barrel opening of the negative pressure seed suction drum; the first telescopic sleeve is sleeved on the outer end of the main negative pressure pipe in a sliding and sealed manner and is used for communicating with a negative pressure source; the sealing sleeve is sleeved on the closing disc, and the outer wall thereof is closely attached to the inner wall of the barrel opening of the negative pressure seed suction drum; an adjusting positioning bolt is installed in a penetrating and threaded manner on the first telescopic sleeve, and adjusting positioning blind holes for facilitating the insertion and positioning of the end of the adjusting positioning bolt are arranged at intervals on the pipe wall of the main negative pressure pipe.

[0006] Further, the cleaning mechanism includes a cleaning drive motor, a side cover, a synchronous belt and two synchronous pulleys; a strip-shaped cleaning window is arranged in the middle of the left vertical side of the seeding box and close to the outer wall of the negative pressure seed suction drum, and the side cover is detachably installed to cover the strip-shaped cleaning window; the two synchronous pulleys are both rotatably installed in the side cover, and the synchronous belt is installed around the two synchronous pulleys; the cleaning drive motor is installed on the side cover and is used for driving one of the synchronous pulleys to rotate; cleaning bristles are distributed on the outer side surface of the synchronous belt, and the cleaning bristles extend into the seeding box from the strip-shaped cleaning window and are used for cleaning the redundant seeds adsorbed at the corresponding positions on the negative pressure seed suction drum, and the cleaning direction is parallel to the central axis of the negative pressure seed suction drum.

[0007] Further, cleaning slots are arranged at intervals on the four annular retaining rings, and the cleaning slots are located between two adjacent seed suction holes in the same annular seed suction area; strip-shaped guiding convex blocks are arranged at intervals on the opposite side ring surfaces of two adjacent front and rear annular retaining rings, and the strip-shaped guiding convex blocks are respectively located on the front sides of the respective seed suction holes in the rotating direction of the negative pressure seed suction drum; the opposite surfaces of the strip-shaped guiding convex blocks on the opposite sides of two adjacent front and rear annular retaining rings are inclined surfaces, and the end close to the seed suction hole closer to the rear side in the rotating direction of the negative pressure seed suction drum is the top of the slope.

[0008] Further, the rotation driving mechanism includes a rotation driving motor and a rotation support pipe shaft; the positive pressure seed blowing mechanism includes a positive pressure air pipe, a branch air pipe, a strip-shaped support plate, a blowing seat, and a ventilation cylinder; one end of the rotation support pipe shaft is fixed at the center of the rear end face of the negative pressure seed suction drum, and the other end is rotatably installed through the center of the rear side face of the seed metering box; the rotation driving motor is installed on the seed metering box, and a rotation driving gear is installed at the output end, and a rotation driven gear meshing with the rotation driving gear is installed at the outer end of the rotation support pipe shaft; the positive pressure air pipe longitudinally movably penetrates the rotation support pipe shaft, and a sealing ring is provided at the penetration position; the inner end of the positive pressure air pipe is closed and fixed on the inner end of the negative pressure main pipe of the seed quantity adjusting mechanism through a V-shaped support rod, and the outer end of the positive pressure air pipe is used to be connected to a positive pressure air source; one end of the strip-shaped support plate is horizontally fixed on the positive pressure air pipe, and the blowing seat is fixed on the other end of the strip-shaped support plate; three blowing alignment holes are provided on the side face of the blowing seat close to the inner wall of the negative pressure seed suction drum for blowing air into the corresponding seed suction holes, so that the seeds are blown into the inoculation cover after leaving the seed suction holes; the ventilation cylinder is coaxially and fixedly installed on the rear inner wall of the negative pressure seed suction drum, and each air blowing hole is distributed on the cylinder wall of the ventilation cylinder, and the number and distribution form of the air blowing holes are the same as those of the seed suction holes; one end of the branch air pipe is horizontally connected and fixed on the positive pressure air pipe, and the other end is movably sleeved with a second telescopic sleeve; a support convex ring is provided on the branch air pipe, and a telescopic compression spring is elastically supported between the support convex ring and the second telescopic sleeve; an air inlet hole is provided on the blowing seat and close to the outer wall of the ventilation cylinder for communicating with the second telescopic sleeve through the corresponding air blowing hole, so that the positive pressure air flow in the branch air pipe enters the blowing seat.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows: The seed quantity adjusting mechanism can block and adjust the seed suction holes on the three annular seed suction intervals according to the intervals, so that the seed suction holes that do not need to adsorb no longer form negative pressure, realizing the adjustment of the number of seeds blown by the positive pressure seed blowing mechanism each time, meeting the need for quickly adjusting the seeding rate without replacing the seeding monomer; Four annular retaining rings form three annular seed suction intervals on the cylinder wall of the negative pressure seed suction drum, which can ensure the stable adsorption of seeds, and can block part of the cleaning force of the cleaning mechanism, ensuring that the seeds firmly adsorbed at the seed suction holes are not easily cleaned off, while the seeds at other positions can be easily cleaned off, ensuring the accuracy of the seeding quantity. In addition, the four annular retaining rings can also form a certain frictional drive among the seeds at the lower part of the seed metering box, so that the seeds at the lower part roll along with the negative pressure seed suction drum, reducing the relative speed with the seed suction holes and increasing the seed suction success rate of the seed suction holes. Description of the Drawings

[0010] Figure 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the present utility model;

[0011] Figure 2 It is the first sectional structure schematic diagram of the present utility model;

[0012] Figure 3 It is the second sectional structure schematic diagram of the present utility model. Specific implementation manners

[0013] The technical solution of the present utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited to the described embodiments.

[0014] Embodiment 1:

[0015] As Figures 1-3 shown, a seed metering device for precision seeding disclosed by the present utility model includes: a seed metering box 1, a negative pressure seed suction drum 2, three conveying connecting pipes 23, a seed quantity adjusting mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, a rotary driving mechanism, and a positive pressure seed blowing mechanism; the rotary driving mechanism is installed in the middle of the rear side surface of the seed metering box 1, the negative pressure seed suction drum 2 is horizontally and longitudinally installed on the rotary driving mechanism, and the negative pressure seed suction drum 2 is located inside the seed metering box 1 and is driven by the rotary driving mechanism to rotate; four annular retaining rings 33 are arranged at equal intervals around the barrel wall of the negative pressure seed suction drum 2, and three annular seed suction intervals are formed on the barrel wall of the negative pressure seed suction drum 2 by the four annular retaining rings 33. On the barrel wall within the three annular seed suction intervals, each seed suction hole 24 is arranged at equal arc intervals, and the longitudinal positions of the adjacent seed suction holes 24 between the three annular seed suction intervals correspond to each other; the seed quantity adjusting mechanism is telescopically installed at the barrel opening of the negative pressure seed suction drum 2 and is used for blocking and adjusting the seed suction holes 24 on the three annular seed suction intervals according to the intervals; the cleaning mechanism is installed in the middle of the left vertical side surface of the seed metering box 1 and is used for cleaning the seeds adsorbed in excess within the three annular seed suction intervals; the upper ends of the three conveying connecting pipes 23 all penetrate and extend into the right vertical side surface of the seed metering box 1, and inoculation covers 22 are arranged at the extending ends; the positive pressure seed blowing mechanism is located inside the negative pressure seed suction drum 2 and is used for blowing the seeds adsorbed on the seed suction holes 24 at the corresponding positions of the three inoculation covers 22 into the inoculation covers 22; the lower ends of the conveying connecting pipes 23 are connected with a seed guide, and the conveyed seeds are accurately transported downward by the seed guide and discharged at the lowest position.

[0016] The seeding quantity adjustment mechanism can block and adjust the seeding holes 24 on the three annular seed suction areas according to the areas, so that the seeding holes 24 that do not need to adsorb no longer form negative pressure, realizing the adjustment of the number of seeds blown by the positive pressure seeding mechanism each time, meeting the need for quickly adjusting the seeding quantity without replacing the seeding monomer; four annular retaining rings 33 form three annular seed suction areas on the barrel wall of the negative pressure seed suction drum 2, which can ensure the stable adsorption of seeds, and can block part of the cleaning force of the cleaning mechanism, ensuring that the seeds firmly adsorbed at the seeding holes 24 are not easily cleaned off, while the seeds at other positions can be easily cleaned off, ensuring the accuracy of the seeding quantity. In addition, the four annular retaining rings 33 can also form a certain frictional drive in the seeds at the lower part of the seed metering box 1, so that the lower seeds roll with the negative pressure seed suction drum 2, reducing the relative speed with the seeding holes 24 and increasing the seeding success rate of the seeding holes 24.

[0017] Furthermore, adsorption conical surfaces 25 are arranged at both ends of the seeding hole 24. The adsorption conical surfaces 25 can increase the adsorption performance, making the adsorbed seeds more firm.

[0018] Furthermore, a seed delivery pipe 91 is connected and arranged on the lower side edge of the seed metering box 1 for delivering seeds into the seed metering box 1, so that there are sufficient seeds at the lower part of the seed metering box 1.

[0019] Furthermore, the seeding quantity adjustment mechanism includes a negative pressure main pipe 6, a first telescopic sleeve 7, a closing disc 4 and a sealing sleeve 5; the negative pressure main pipe 6 is installed in a penetrating and sealed manner at the center of the front side of the seed metering box 1, the closing disc 4 is rotatably and sealedly installed at the inner end of the negative pressure main pipe 6, and the closing disc 4 extends into the barrel opening of the negative pressure seed suction drum 2; the first telescopic sleeve 7 is slidably and sealedly sleeved on the outer end of the negative pressure main pipe 6 for communicating with a negative pressure source; the sealing sleeve 5 is sleeved on the closing disc 4, and the outer wall is closely attached to the inner wall of the barrel opening of the negative pressure seed suction drum 2; an adjustment positioning bolt 8 is installed in a penetrating and threaded manner on the first telescopic sleeve 7, and adjustment positioning blind holes 9 for facilitating the insertion and positioning of the end of the adjustment positioning bolt 8 are arranged at intervals on the pipe wall of the negative pressure main pipe 6. The cooperation of the negative pressure main pipe 6 and the first telescopic sleeve 7 can facilitate the adjustment of the axial position of the negative pressure main pipe 6 to realize the position adjustment of the closing disc 4 and the sealing sleeve 5; the cooperation of the adjustment positioning bolt 8 and the adjustment positioning blind holes 9 can realize the positioning and locking of the negative pressure main pipe 6; the rotatable installation of the closing disc 4 and the negative pressure main pipe 6 enables the closing disc 4 and the sealing sleeve 5 to rotate with the negative pressure seed suction drum 2, ensuring the sealing performance of the sealing sleeve 5 for the seeding holes 24.

[0020] Further, the cleaning mechanism includes a cleaning drive motor 32, a side cover 28, a synchronous belt 30, and two synchronous pulleys 29; a strip-shaped cleaning window 27 is provided in the middle of the left vertical side of the seed metering box 1 and near the outer wall of the negative pressure seed suction drum 2, and the side cover 28 is detachably installed on the strip-shaped cleaning window 27; the two synchronous pulleys 29 are rotatably installed in the side cover 28, and the synchronous belt 30 is installed around the two synchronous pulleys 29; the cleaning drive motor 32 is installed on the side cover 28 for driving one synchronous pulley 29 to rotate; cleaning bristles 31 are distributed on the outer side surface of the synchronous belt 30, and the cleaning bristles 31 extend into the seed metering box 1 from the strip-shaped cleaning window 27 for cleaning the redundant seeds adsorbed at the corresponding positions on the negative pressure seed suction drum 2, and the cleaning direction is parallel to the central axis of the negative pressure seed suction drum 2. By setting the cleaning direction parallel to the central axis of the negative pressure seed suction drum 2, the cleaning bristles 31 can clean between the four annular retaining rings 33. The annular retaining rings 33 can resist part of the force of the cleaning bristles 31 to prevent the normally adsorbed seeds from being cleaned and dropped; the detachable installation of the side cover 28 facilitates the replacement of the synchronous belt 30 to ensure the cleaning effect.

[0021] Further, each cleaning notch 34 is spaced on each of the four annular retaining rings 33, and the cleaning notch 34 is located between two adjacent seed suction holes 24 in the same annular seed suction area; each strip-shaped guiding convex block 35 is spaced on the opposite side ring surfaces of two adjacent front and rear annular retaining rings 33, and each strip-shaped guiding convex block 35 is respectively located on the front side of each seed suction hole 24 in the rotation direction of the negative pressure seed suction drum 2; the opposite surfaces of the strip-shaped guiding convex blocks 35 on the opposite sides of two adjacent front and rear annular retaining rings 33 are inclined surfaces, and the end close to the seed suction hole 24 closer to the rear side in the rotation direction of the negative pressure seed suction drum 2 is the top of the slope. The cleaning notch 34 facilitates the passage of the cleaning bristles 31 to clean and drop the redundant seeds to ensure the accuracy of the adsorbed seeds; the strip-shaped guiding convex blocks 35 can guide the seeds to the middle seed suction hole 24 to improve the adsorption success rate. At the same time, the strip-shaped guiding convex blocks 35 can also enhance the movement effect of the seeds in the lower part of the seed metering box 1 following the negative pressure seed suction drum 2 to further improve the adsorption success rate of the seeds.

[0022] Further, the rotation driving mechanism includes a rotation driving motor 13 and a rotation support pipe shaft 11; the positive pressure seed blowing mechanism includes a positive pressure air pipe 10, a branch air pipe 15, a strip-shaped support plate 20, a blowing seat 18 and an air vent cylinder 3; one end of the rotation support pipe shaft 11 is fixedly installed at the center of the rear end face of the negative pressure seed suction drum 2, and the other end is rotatably installed through the center of the rear side face of the seed metering box 1; the rotation driving motor 13 is installed on the seed metering box 1, and a rotation driving gear 14 is installed at the output end, and a rotation driven gear 12 meshing with the rotation driving gear 14 is installed at the outer end of the rotation support pipe shaft 11; the positive pressure air pipe 10 longitudinally penetrates the rotation support pipe shaft 11 in a movable manner, and a sealing ring is provided at the penetration position; the inner end of the positive pressure air pipe 10 is closed and is fixed to the inner end of the negative pressure main pipe 6 of the seed quantity adjustment mechanism through a V-shaped support rod 26, and the outer end of the positive pressure air pipe 10 is used to be connected to a positive pressure air source; one end of the strip-shaped support plate 20 is horizontally fixed on the positive pressure air pipe 10, and the blowing seat 18 is fixed to the other end of the strip-shaped support plate 20; three air blowing alignment holes are provided on the side of the blowing seat 18 close to the inner wall of the negative pressure seed suction drum 2 for blowing air into the seed suction holes 24 at corresponding positions, so that the seeds are blown into the inoculation hood 22 after leaving the seed suction holes 24; the air vent cylinder 3 is coaxially and fixedly installed on the inner wall of the rear end of the negative pressure seed suction drum 2, and each air blowing hole 21 is distributed on the cylinder wall of the air vent cylinder 3, and the number and distribution form of the air blowing holes 21 are the same as those of the seed suction holes 24; one end of the branch air pipe 15 is horizontally connected and fixed to the positive pressure air pipe 10, and the other end is movably sleeved with a second telescopic sleeve 16; a support convex ring is provided on the branch air pipe 15, and a telescopic compression spring 17 is elastically supported between the support convex ring and the second telescopic sleeve 16; an air inlet hole is provided on the blowing seat 18 and close to the outer wall of the air vent cylinder 3 for communicating with the second telescopic sleeve 16 through the air blowing hole 21 at the corresponding position, so that the positive pressure air flow in the branch air pipe 15 enters the blowing seat 18. The positive pressure air pipe 10 and the negative pressure main pipe 6 are fixedly connected together by using the V-shaped support rod 26, so that the positive pressure air pipe 10 moves axially following the negative pressure main pipe 6, and thus the hole position alignment during seed blowing can be synchronously adjusted when adjusting the seeding amount; the telescopic compression spring 17 can elastically push the second telescopic sleeve 16 to enhance the sealing performance between the end part and the air vent cylinder 3, reduce the entry of positive pressure air flow into the negative pressure seed suction drum 2, and ensure the negative pressure adsorption performance of the negative pressure seed suction drum 2; the air vent cylinder 3 is fixed in the negative pressure seed suction drum 2 and rotates following the negative pressure seed suction drum 2, and the number and distribution form of the air blowing holes 21 are the same as those of the seed suction holes 24, so that only when the position of the seed suction hole 24 is at the corresponding positions of the three air blowing alignment holes, the second telescopic sleeve 16 will blow the positive pressure air flow into the blowing seat 18 through the air blowing holes 21 and the air inlet hole, and then blow air into the seed suction hole 24 from the corresponding air blowing alignment holes, so that the seeds can smoothly fall into the inoculation hood 22.

[0023] Further, a wear-resistant annular gasket close to the inner wall of the ventilation cylinder 3 is provided at the end of the second telescopic sleeve 16, so as to enhance the sealing performance at the end position of the second telescopic sleeve 16 and have a good airtight effect when the second telescopic sleeve 16 is staggered from the air blowing hole 21.

[0024] Further, an inner wall roller 19 is rotatably installed on the side edge of the air blowing seat 18 and is used to support and travel on the inner cylinder wall of the negative pressure seed suction drum 2, so as to enhance the relative stability between the air blowing seat 18 and the negative pressure seed suction drum 2.

[0025] When the seed metering device disclosed by the utility model is installed and used, the seed conveying pipe 91 is connected to the seed storage box, the first telescopic sleeve 7 is connected to the negative pressure source, and the positive pressure air pipe 10 is connected to the positive pressure air source; the sowing personnel determines the sowing quantity required for each seed hole, and then axially adjusts the negative pressure main pipe 6 so that the sealing sleeve 5 closes the unnecessary seed suction holes 24. If two seeds need to be sown in each seed hole, then the seed suction holes 24 in an annular seed suction area are closed by using the sealing sleeve 5. After the adjustment is completed, the adjustment positioning bolt 8 is used for locking and positioning.

[0026] As described above, although the present utility model has been shown and described with reference to specific preferred embodiments, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model itself. Various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present utility model defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A metering seed metering device, characterized in that: It includes a seed metering box (1), a negative pressure seed suction drum (2), three conveying connecting pipes (23), a seed quantity adjusting mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, a rotary driving mechanism and a positive pressure seed blowing mechanism; the rotary driving mechanism is installed in the middle of the rear side of the seed metering box (1), the negative pressure seed suction drum (2) is horizontally and longitudinally installed on the rotary driving mechanism, and the negative pressure seed suction drum (2) is located in the seed metering box (1), and the rotary driving mechanism drives the negative pressure seed suction drum (2) to rotate; four annular retaining rings (33) are arranged at equal intervals around the barrel wall of the negative pressure seed suction drum (2), and three annular seed suction intervals are formed on the barrel wall of the negative pressure seed suction drum (2) by the four annular retaining rings (33), and suction holes (24) are evenly arranged at equal arc intervals on the barrel wall in the three annular seed suction intervals, and the longitudinal positions of adjacent suction holes (24) between the three annular seed suction intervals correspond; the seed quantity adjusting mechanism is telescopically installed at the barrel opening of the negative pressure seed suction drum (2) and is used for blocking and adjusting the suction holes (24) on the three annular seed suction intervals according to the intervals; the cleaning mechanism is installed in the middle of the left vertical side of the seed metering box (1) and is used for cleaning the seeds adsorbed redundantly in the three annular seed suction intervals; the upper ends of the three conveying connecting pipes (23) all penetrate into the right vertical side of the seed metering box (1), and inoculation covers (22) are arranged at the penetrating ends; the positive pressure seed blowing mechanism is located in the negative pressure seed suction drum (2) and is used for blowing the seeds adsorbed on the suction holes (24) at the corresponding positions of the three inoculation covers (22) into the inoculation covers (22).

2. The metering seeder for precise seeding according to claim 1, wherein: The seed quantity adjusting mechanism includes a negative pressure main pipe (6), a first telescopic sleeve (7), a closing disc (4) and a sealing sleeve (5); the negative pressure main pipe (6) is installed in a penetrating and sealed manner at the center of the front side of the seed metering box (1), the closing disc (4) is rotatably and sealedly installed at the inner end of the negative pressure main pipe (6), and the closing disc (4) extends into the barrel opening of the negative pressure seed suction drum (2); the first telescopic sleeve (7) is slidably and sealedly sleeved on the outer end of the negative pressure main pipe (6) and is used for communicating with a negative pressure source; the sealing sleeve (5) is sleeved on the closing disc (4), and the outer wall abuts against the inner wall of the barrel opening of the negative pressure seed suction drum (2); an adjusting positioning bolt (8) is installed on the first telescopic sleeve (7) in a penetrating and threaded manner, and adjusting positioning blind holes (9) for facilitating the insertion and positioning of the end of the adjusting positioning bolt (8) are arranged at intervals on the pipe wall of the negative pressure main pipe (6).

3. The metering device for precision seeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning mechanism includes a cleaning drive motor (32), a side cover (28), a synchronous belt (30), and two synchronous belt pulleys (29); a strip-shaped cleaning window (27) is provided in the middle of the left vertical side of the seed metering box (1) and near the outer wall of the negative pressure seed suction drum (2), and the side cover (28) is detachably installed on the strip-shaped cleaning window (27); the two synchronous belt pulleys (29) are rotatably installed in the side cover (28), and the synchronous belt (30) is installed around the two synchronous belt pulleys (29); the cleaning drive motor (32) is installed on the side cover (28) and is used to drive one synchronous belt pulley (29) to rotate; cleaning bristles (31) are distributed on the outer side surface of the synchronous belt (30), and the cleaning bristles (31) extend into the seed metering box (1) from the strip-shaped cleaning window (27) and are used to clean the redundant seeds adsorbed at the corresponding positions on the negative pressure seed suction drum (2), and the cleaning direction is parallel to the central axis of the negative pressure seed suction drum (2).

4. The metering seeder for precise seeding according to claim 1, wherein: Each cleaning notch (34) is spaced on each of the four annular retaining rings (33), and the cleaning notch (34) is located between two adjacent seed suction holes (24) within the same annular seed suction area; each strip-shaped flow guiding convex block (35) is spaced on the opposite side ring surfaces of two adjacent front and rear annular retaining rings (33), and each strip-shaped flow guiding convex block (35) is respectively located on the front side of each seed suction hole (24) in the rotation direction of the negative pressure seed suction drum (2); the opposite surfaces of the strip-shaped flow guiding convex blocks (35) on the opposite sides of two adjacent front and rear annular retaining rings (33) are inclined surfaces, and the end close to the seed suction hole (24) closer to the rear side in the rotation direction of the negative pressure seed suction drum (2) is the slope top.

5. The metering seeder for precise seeding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary drive mechanism includes a rotary drive motor (13) and a rotary support pipe shaft (11); the positive-pressure seed blowing mechanism includes a positive-pressure air pipe (10), a branch air pipe (15), a strip-shaped support plate (20), a blowing seat (18), and a ventilation cylinder (3); one end of the rotary support pipe shaft (11) is fixed at the center of the rear end face of the negative-pressure seed suction drum (2), and the other end is rotatably installed through the center of the rear side face of the seed metering box (1); the rotary drive motor (13) is installed on the seed metering box (1), and a rotary drive gear (14) is installed at the output end, and a rotary driven gear (12) meshing with the rotary drive gear (14) is installed at the outer end of the rotary support pipe shaft (11); the positive-pressure air pipe (10) longitudinally and movably penetrates through the rotary support pipe shaft (11), and a sealing ring is provided at the penetration position; the inner end of the positive-pressure air pipe (10) is closed and fixed to the inner end of the negative-pressure main pipe (6) of the seed amount adjusting mechanism through a V-shaped support rod (26), and the outer end of the positive-pressure air pipe (10) is used to connect to a positive-pressure air source; one end of the strip-shaped support plate (20) is horizontally fixed on the positive-pressure air pipe (10), and the blowing seat (18) is fixed at the other end of the strip-shaped support plate (20); three blowing alignment holes are provided on the side of the blowing seat (18) close to the inner wall of the negative-pressure seed suction drum (2) for blowing air into the corresponding seed suction holes (24) so that the seeds are blown into the inoculation hood (22) after detaching from the seed suction holes (24); the ventilation cylinder (3) is coaxially and fixedly installed on the inner wall of the rear end of the negative-pressure seed suction drum (2), and each blowing hole (21) is distributed on the cylinder wall of the ventilation cylinder (3), and the number and distribution form of the blowing holes (21) are the same as those of the seed suction holes (24); one end of the branch air pipe (15) is horizontally connected and fixed to the positive-pressure air pipe (10), and a second telescopic sleeve (16) is movably sleeved on the other end; a support convex ring is provided on the branch air pipe (15), and a telescopic compression spring (17) is elastically supported between the support convex ring and the second telescopic sleeve (16); an air inlet hole is provided on the blowing seat (18) and close to the outer wall of the ventilation cylinder (3) for communicating with the second telescopic sleeve (16) through the corresponding blowing hole (21) so that the positive-pressure air flow in the branch air pipe (15) enters the blowing seat (18).

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