Universal sensor for monitoring power transmission line

Abstract

The utility model discloses a universal sensor for power transmission line monitoring, and relates to the technical field of power transmission line monitoring. The universal sensor comprises a supporting device used for installing monitoring components and a plurality of monitoring components used for monitoring the state of a power transmission line. One part of the monitoring component is mounted in the inner space of the support, and the other part of the monitoring component is mounted on the outer surface of the support; the supporting device is of a cuboid structure, a through hole is formed in the end face of the cuboid structure in a penetrating mode, a gap is formed in the side face of the cuboid structure to divide the supporting device into two parts, and the gap is communicated with the through hole. Penetrating holes are formed in the upper and lower sides of the gap in one side of the supporter, and a movable part is arranged in the gap in the other side of the supporter; the end face of the supporter is provided with a plurality of power monitoring plugs. The universal sensor can be compatible with power transmission line monitoring of a single conductor and a split conductor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of transmission line monitoring, and particularly relates to a general sensor for transmission line monitoring. Background Art

[0002] Transmission lines cover a very wide range and can span various terrains such as cities, villages, mountains, rivers, and oceans. Transmission lines need to operate continuously for a long time. Many transmission lines work 24 hours a day, 365 days a year to ensure stable power supply. For example, some main transmission lines that supply power to important industrial facilities or cities are crucial for the normal operation of society.

[0003] Transmission lines are exposed to the natural environment and are easily interfered by various environmental factors. For example, under severe weather conditions such as strong winds, heavy rains, heavy snows, and lightning strikes, transmission lines may malfunction. In high-altitude areas, low temperatures and icing may cause problems such as line overload and tower collapse; in coastal areas, the lines may be affected by salt spray corrosion. Therefore, the safety monitoring of transmission lines is crucial for ensuring the stable operation of the power grid.

[0004] However, the current transmission line monitoring devices have poor applicability and are difficult to be compatible with the monitoring of single-conductor or bundled-conductor transmission lines. Summary of the Utility Model

[0005] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a general sensor for transmission line monitoring to solve the above technical problems. The general sensor can be compatible with the monitoring of single-conductor and bundled-conductor transmission lines.

[0006] The utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The utility model provides a general sensor for transmission line monitoring, including: a support for installing monitoring components and multiple monitoring components for monitoring the state of transmission lines; a part of the monitoring components are installed in the inner space of the support, and another part of the monitoring components are installed on the outer surface of the support;

[0008] The support is of a cuboid structure. Through holes are provided through the end faces of the cuboid structure, and a gap is provided on the side face of the cuboid structure to divide the support into two parts, and the gap communicates with the through holes; perforations are provided on both the upper and lower sides of the gap on one side of the support, and a movable part is provided between the gaps on the other side of the support; a plurality of power monitoring plugs are provided on the end face of the support;

[0009] When monitoring a single conductor of a transmission line, the single conductor is placed into the through hole of the support through the gap on one side of the support, and the single conductor is fixed in the through hole of the support by using a fixing connector to pass through the perforations;

[0010] When monitoring the bundled conductors of a transmission line, after connecting at least one power monitoring terminal to a support through a power monitoring plug, one of the bundled conductors in the bundled conductors is placed into the through hole of the support through a gap on one side of the support, and a fixing connector is used to pass through the perforation to fix one of the bundled conductors in the through hole of the support, and the remaining bundled conductors in the bundled conductors are respectively placed into the through holes of each power monitoring terminal; the number of the remaining bundled conductors is the same as the number of power monitoring terminals; the power monitoring terminal and the support have the same structure, both are openable and closable structures, and through holes are provided through the end faces of the power monitoring terminals.

[0011] Optionally, a rubber ring with adjustable size is installed on the inner wall of the through hole.

[0012] Optionally, the general sensor further includes a main control chip; the main control chip is installed in the inner space of the support, and the main control chip is respectively connected to a plurality of monitoring components and a power monitoring plug.

[0013] Optionally, the general sensor further includes a power supply, and the power supply includes a variety of power taking units and an intelligent energy management chip; the variety of power taking units include a solar panel, a thermoelectric power taking unit and an electromagnetic coupling power taking unit; the variety of power taking units are respectively connected to the main control chip, a variety of monitoring components and the intelligent energy management chip;

[0014] The solar panel is installed on the top of the outer surface of the support; the intelligent energy management chip, the thermoelectric power taking unit and the electromagnetic coupling power taking unit are installed in the inner space of the support; the electromagnetic coupling power taking unit is connected to the conductor of the transmission line through an external power taking claw structure, and both ends of the thermoelectric power taking unit are respectively connected to the conductor and the support.

[0015] Optionally, the plurality of monitoring components include a camera module, a current monitoring module, a voltage monitoring module and an environment monitoring module, and the camera module includes a camera, a micro water spraying device, a rotating scraping blade, an electric heating element and an edge computing chip; the camera, the micro water spraying device, the rotating scraping blade and the electric heating element are all connected to the edge computing chip; the camera is also connected to the main control chip;

[0016] The current monitoring module, the voltage monitoring module, the environment monitoring module and the edge computing chip are installed in the inner space of the support; the camera, the micro water spraying device, the rotating scraping blade and the electric heating element are installed on the outer surface of the support; the edge computing chip is installed in the inner space of the support.

[0017] Optionally, the current monitoring module includes a Hall sensor, a Rogowski coil and a current monitoring chip, the Hall sensor and the Rogowski coil are both connected to the current monitoring chip, and the current monitoring chip is connected to the main control chip; the minimum measurement current range of the Hall sensor is less than 0.1A; the maximum measurement current range of the Rogowski coil is greater than 2000A.

[0018] Optionally, the voltage monitoring module includes a voltage sensor and a voltage monitoring chip. The voltage sensor is connected to the voltage monitoring chip, and the voltage monitoring chip is connected to the main control chip.

[0019] The above at least one technical solution adopted by the present utility model can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The support of the general sensor is designed as a cuboid structure with a through-hole penetrating the end face, and a slit is provided on the side of the support to divide the support into two parts, and the slit communicates with the through-hole; perforations are provided on both the upper and lower sides of the slit on one side of the support, and a movable part is provided between the slits on the other side of the support. The support constitutes an openable and closable structure. In this way, when monitoring a single conductor of a transmission line, the single conductor of the transmission line passes through the through-hole of the support. When monitoring a bundled conductor of a transmission line, after connecting at least one power monitoring terminal to the support through a power monitoring plug, one of the bundled conductors is placed into the through-hole of the support, and the remaining bundled conductors are respectively placed into the through-holes of each power monitoring terminal; the number of the remaining bundled conductors is the same as the number of power monitoring terminals; the power monitoring terminal has the same structure as the support, both are openable and closable structures, and a through-hole is provided through the end face of the power monitoring terminal. Therefore, this general sensor can be used for monitoring single-conductor or bundled-conductor transmission lines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present utility model and constitute a part of the present utility model. The schematic embodiments of the present utility model and their descriptions are used to explain the present utility model and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present utility model. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a general sensor provided by the present utility model for monitoring a transmission line;

[0023] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another general sensor provided by the present utility model;

[0024] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the lower half of a general sensor provided by the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the top and end face of a general sensor provided by the present utility model;

[0026] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a power monitoring terminal provided by the present utility model;

[0027] Figure 6Schematic diagram of the structure of a general sensor provided by the present utility model installed on a split conductor;

[0028] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the opening structure of a general sensor provided by the present utility model.

[0029] Description of reference numerals:

[0030] 101, through hole; 102, slit; 103, perforation; 104, movable part;

[0031] 201, rubber ring;

[0032] 301, wire; 302, wire temperature measurement contact part; 303, temperature difference power generation chip; 304, ambient temperature measurement contact part;

[0033] 401, support; 402, solar panel; 403, antenna module; 404, wire through hole; 405, camera; 406, power monitoring joint;

[0034] 601, general sensor; 602, power monitoring terminal. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present utility model and the corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present utility model, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the present utility model belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present utility model; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of the present utility model and the above-mentioned drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0037] In the description of the embodiments of the present utility model, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish different objects and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity, specific order or primary-secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present utility model, "a plurality of" means more than two unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0038] Reference to "embodiments" in this document means that the specific features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiments can be included in at least one embodiment of the present utility model. The phrase appears in various positions in the specification and does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will explicitly and implicitly understand that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0039] In the description of the embodiments of the present utility model, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after.

[0040] In the description of the embodiments of the present utility model, the term "plurality" refers to two or more (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more pieces (including two pieces).

[0041] In the prior art, a variety of transmission line monitoring devices have been developed, but there are still many deficiencies in terms of function, applicability, and intelligent level. For example, in one approach, a comprehensive safety monitoring device for transmission lines applied to bundled conductors is proposed. The main unit and multiple grippers are fixed through spacer dampers to achieve power supply by inductive power taking or solar charging, and an airtight detection mechanism is arranged inside the main unit to ensure the airtightness and air pressure balance of the device. However, the design of this device is mainly targeted at bundled conductors, lacking support for single-conductor structures, and the application scenarios are relatively limited. At the same time, its function is concentrated on airtightness detection, and the comprehensive monitoring of multiple physical quantities such as voltage, current, environmental parameters, and conductor status is not realized. In addition, the power supply mode of this device has insufficient stability under low-light or low-current conditions and is difficult to meet the requirements of real-time and high-efficiency for modern transmission line monitoring.

[0042] In another approach, an intelligent spacer damper and a real-time monitoring method for the status of transmission lines are proposed. The operating parameters are collected through a sensor module, the data is analyzed by a processor module, the information is uploaded by a sending module, and the inductive power taking module provides power support. This technology realizes the monitoring of basic operating parameters such as current and temperature of transmission lines, but the function is relatively single and it is difficult to cover the monitoring of complex states such as conductor galloping, sag, and environmental changes. Its fault response ability is limited, and it can only judge abnormalities based on thresholds, lacking accurate fault location ability. In addition, the power supply method completely relying on inductive power taking may fail under low-current working conditions, and the stable operation of the device is difficult to guarantee. At the same time, the module integration degree is relatively low and the overall efficiency is not high.

[0043] For current measurement, Rogowski coils are mostly used in the prior art. This technology has high sensitivity, but it has high power consumption and high starting current. Especially in ultra-high voltage transmission lines, due to the higher the voltage, the smaller the current, the application of Rogowski coils is significantly limited. This scenario poses higher requirements for current measurement in terms of sensitivity and lower power consumption. Tunneling Magneto-Resistance (TMR) sensing technology, as a new current measurement method, has significant advantages in low-power and low-current measurement. It can effectively reduce the device starting current and achieve high-precision measurement at the same time, making it very suitable for high-voltage and ultra-high voltage transmission scenarios.

[0044] In terms of voltage measurement, traditional technologies mainly rely on capacitive voltage division or resistive voltage division methods. Although these methods can meet the basic measurement requirements, they have problems such as high power consumption, large volume, and poor environmental adaptability. Especially in harsh environments, measurement drift or inaccuracy is likely to occur. Therefore, the present utility model introduces miniaturized and low-power voltage measurement technologies in transmission line monitoring, such as voltage sensors based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). It can reduce the device complexity and power consumption while ensuring high-precision measurement, improving the reliability and stability of monitoring.

[0045] In addition, in transmission line monitoring, image and video acquisition are important means to ensure the visualization of the line state. However, the cameras in existing monitoring devices are easily affected by environmental factors during long-term operation, such as dust, rain, frost, or snow cover, resulting in a decline in shooting quality or even loss of function. This problem is particularly obvious in high-humidity, high-wind speed, and low-temperature environments, especially in harsh environments such as mountainous areas, coastal areas, or large-span transmission corridors.

[0046] In summary, there is still much room for improvement in the prior art in terms of compatibility, multi-physical quantity monitoring, intelligent analysis, power supply stability, and environmental adaptability. In view of these deficiencies, the present utility model proposes a general sensor for transmission line monitoring. This general sensor is compatible with single-conductor and bundled-conductor structures, and integrates a TMR current sensor, a MEMS voltage sensor, and a self-cleaning and heating camera module. Combined with multiple power supply methods and intelligent warning functions, it improves the monitoring ability, environmental adaptability, and operation stability of the general sensor, providing comprehensive protection for the safe operation of transmission lines.

[0047] Furthermore, the general sensor also has the characteristics of low power consumption, flexible installation, and high environmental adaptability, significantly improving the safety and operation and maintenance efficiency of transmission lines.

[0048] The following will detail the technical solutions provided by each embodiment of the present utility model in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0049] In one embodiment, the present utility model provides a general sensor for power transmission line monitoring, such as Figure 1 shown. The general sensor includes a support for installing monitoring components and a plurality of monitoring components for monitoring the state of the power transmission line; a part of the monitoring components are installed in the inner space of the support, and another part of the monitoring components are installed on the outer surface of the support; the support is in a cuboid structure, and through holes 101 are provided through the end faces of the cuboid structure, and a slit 102 is provided on the side face of the cuboid structure to divide the support into two parts, and the slit 102 communicates with the through holes 101; perforations 103 are provided on both the upper and lower sides of one side slit of the support, and a movable part 104 is provided between the slits on the other side of the support; a plurality of power monitoring plugs are provided on the end face of the support. It should be noted that Figure 1 Figure (a) in Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the end face of the support;

[0050] When monitoring a single conductor of a power transmission line, the single conductor is placed into the through hole of the support through the slit on one side of the support, and a fixing connector is used to pass through the perforation to fix the single conductor in the through hole of the support.

[0051] When monitoring a bundled conductor of a power transmission line, after connecting at least one power monitoring terminal to the support through the power monitoring plug, one of the bundled conductors in the bundled conductor is placed into the through hole of the support through the slit on one side of the support, and a fixing connector is used to pass through the perforation to fix one of the bundled conductors in the through hole of the support, and the remaining bundled conductors in the bundled conductor are respectively placed into the through holes of each power monitoring terminal; the number of the remaining bundled conductors is the same as the number of power monitoring terminals; the power monitoring terminal and the support have the same structure, both are openable and closable structures, and through holes are provided through the end faces of the power monitoring terminals.

[0052] The support can be regarded as the housing of a general sensor. The support is made of lightweight, corrosion-resistant high-strength materials and is applicable to single-conductor and multi-split conductor structures. The support adopts an adjustable structure. Through the design of a slidable clamping structure inside, the general sensor can be quickly installed on conductors of different diameters and types without changing the existing line structure. It is convenient to install and has high mechanical stability. The clamping structure has high-strength anti-vibration performance and can remain stable in harsh environments such as strong winds, heavy rains, and icing. The support adopts a modular structure design, which not only supports existing functions but also has scalability. It can quickly replace or add sensing modules according to different scenario requirements. For example, adding an ultraviolet imaging function for insulator aging detection or adding a high-precision acoustic sensor to achieve line micro-vibration monitoring. The support interface adopts a standardized design, supports future upgrades or replacements, extends the equipment life cycle, and reduces long-term operation and maintenance costs. The general sensor has passed strict environmental adaptability design and can operate stably for a long time under extreme conditions such as high humidity, high salt mist, and high altitude. The housing of the general sensor is made of high-strength composite materials, with anti-ultraviolet and corrosion-resistant properties, which extends the service life of the equipment. In addition, the general sensor has undergone multiple rounds of extreme environment tests, and its protection level (Ingress Protection, IP) reaches above IP67, and it can maintain stable performance under strong winds, heavy rains, and heavy icing conditions. It should be noted that Figure 1 the structure of the general sensor in

[0053] The movable part 104 is a columnar long shaft, so that the upper and lower parts of the support can be opened through the gap. The fixed connecting piece can be screws and nuts. Screw the screws on both sides of the perforation and fix them with nuts.

[0054] It should be noted that the monitoring component can be fixed in the inner space or on the outer surface of the support, and the specific setting position can be set according to actual needs. This embodiment will not be limited here.

[0055] Optionally, a rubber ring 201 with adjustable size is installed on the inner wall of the through hole 102, as Figure 2 shown, Figure 2 which is a schematic diagram of the end face of the support. The rubber ring can be adjusted according to the wire diameter of the transmission line to ensure that the support can closely fit the conductor and provide stable support. This design has strong adaptability and can adapt to transmission lines of different diameters. Moreover, the rubber ring provides better anti-slip and buffering effects, effectively reducing the impact of external vibration on the support. Through the fixation of the fastening screws, the support can be stably installed on the transmission line and still remain firm and reliable during long-term use.

[0056] In this utility model, a rubber ring with adjustable size is installed on the inner wall of the through hole, which has the following advantages: strong adaptability: the rubber ring can be adjusted according to different wire diameters to ensure that the support is applicable to various transmission lines; convenient installation: the support is simply designed and can be quickly installed through the opening and fastening screws without additional tools; good stability: the rubber ring effectively enhances the friction between the support and the wire, and the fastening screws ensure that the support is firmly fixed, adapting to the vibration and wind force in various environments; anti-damage: the rubber ring not only increases the installation stability but also effectively protects the surface of the wire from friction and damage.

[0057] Optionally, the general sensor further includes a main control chip; the main control chip is installed in the inner space of the support, and the main control chip is respectively connected to multiple monitoring components and a power monitoring plug.

[0058] The main control chip is used to receive the data collected by each monitoring component, analyze the data collected by the monitoring components, determine whether there is a fault in the transmission line, and send the analysis result to the background or upper-level system through the Bluetooth module.

[0059] The general sensor has a remote intelligent configuration function. Through the remote intelligent configuration function, alarm range information is configured for the main control chip, so that the main control chip gives an abnormal state alarm when it monitors that the collected data of each monitoring component is within the alarm range information.

[0060] Optionally, the general sensor further includes a power supply. The power supply includes multiple power taking units and an intelligent energy management chip; the multiple power taking units include a solar panel, a temperature difference power taking unit, and an electromagnetic coupling power taking unit; the multiple power taking units are respectively connected to the main control chip, multiple monitoring components, and the intelligent energy management chip.

[0061] The solar panel is installed on the top of the outer surface of the support; the intelligent energy management chip, the temperature difference power taking unit, and the electromagnetic coupling power taking unit are installed in the inner space of the support; the electromagnetic coupling power taking unit is connected to the wire of the transmission line through an external power taking claw structure, and both ends of the temperature difference power taking unit are respectively connected to the wire and the support.

[0062] The temperature difference power taking unit is used to generate electricity through the temperature difference between the surface of the wire of the transmission line and the environment; the intelligent energy management chip is used to dynamically switch the power taking unit to supply power to each component in the general sensor; the power supply priority of the solar panel is the highest.

[0063] For example, the intelligent energy management unit preferentially uses solar power through an intelligent switching algorithm, and when necessary, the energy storage battery in the power module and the temperature difference power taking unit cooperate to ensure the continuous operation of the device. The electromagnetic coupling power taking unit realizes the compatibility of multi-wire structures through an adjustable external power taking claw.

[0064] In the intelligent energy management unit, when the current power of the solar panel / thermoelectric power generation unit is greater than 10W, the solar panel / thermoelectric power generation unit is used for power supply; otherwise, the electromagnetic coupling power generation unit is used for power supply. When the power generation power of the electromagnetic coupling power generation unit is less than 10W, the battery is used for power supply.

[0065] In the case of not using the video recording function, the general sensor can continuously work normally for a second preset duration. For example, the general sensor can ensure continuous normal operation for 7 days through the intelligent power management algorithm when not using the video recording function.

[0066] The power supply adopts three power supply methods: solar energy, thermoelectric power generation, and electromagnetic coupling power generation, forming a multi-energy collaborative power supply system. The solar panel is installed on the top of the general sensor, with high conversion efficiency, and can continuously supply power in low-light environments; the thermoelectric power generation unit uses the temperature difference between the wire surface and the environment for power generation, which is suitable for night and cold environments; the electromagnetic coupling power generation unit uses an optimized external power generation claw for additional power generation, and can adapt to various single-wire and multi-split wire structures to provide stable power for the general sensor. The power module is built with an intelligent energy management unit, which realizes the maximization of energy utilization by dynamically switching the power generation method. Even in the operation mode without the video function, the general sensor can continuously work independently for more than 7 days, and at the same time supports remote participation in algorithm optimization. The power module is built with an intelligent energy management chip, which dynamically allocates energy priorities according to real-time monitoring tasks. For example, in the low-power mode, the video acquisition is turned off, and only the key data acquisition function is retained to ensure the continuous operation of important monitoring functions. The energy management algorithm supports adjusting the power generation method according to the weather and operating status. For example, in cloudy days, the thermoelectric power generation or electromagnetic coupling power generation is preferentially enabled to maximize the energy utilization efficiency.

[0067] As Figure 3 shown, Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the lower half of the general sensor, including the connection method of the wire 301 and the thermoelectric power generation unit, mainly showing the installation method of the thermoelectric power generation unit. The thermoelectric power generation unit includes a wire temperature measurement contact part 302, a thermoelectric power generation chip 303, and an ambient temperature measurement contact part 304; the connection method of the thermoelectric power generation unit includes: the wire temperature measurement contact part contacts the wire: obtaining heat by using the wire surface or a high-temperature source in contact with the wire. The ambient temperature measurement contact part is connected to the support: maintaining the temperature difference through the cooling source provided by the support itself or the external environment. Electrical connection: The thermoelectric power generation chip transmits the output power of the thermoelectric power generation unit to the intelligent energy management chip through wires for regulation. The thermoelectric power generation unit is used for generating electricity through the temperature difference between the wire surface of the transmission line and the environment.

[0068] In one embodiment, the multiple monitoring components include a camera module, a current monitoring module, a voltage monitoring module, and an environmental monitoring module. The camera module includes a camera, a micro-spraying device, a rotating wiper, an electric heating element, and an edge computing chip; the camera, the micro-spraying device, the rotating wiper, and the electric heating element are all connected to the edge computing chip; the camera is also connected to the main control chip.

[0069] The current monitoring module, the voltage monitoring module, the environmental monitoring module, and the edge computing chip are installed in the inner space of the support; the camera, the micro-spraying device, the rotating wiper, and the electric heating element are installed on the outer surface of the support; the edge computing chip is installed in the inner space of the support.

[0070] The micro-spraying device and the rotating wiper are used to automatically clean the lens of the camera; the electric heating element is used to heat the camera in a low-temperature environment; the edge computing chip is used to identify faults through the images collected by the camera.

[0071] The camera module of the present utility model has self-cleaning and self-heating functions. The automatic cleaning of the lens is realized through the micro-spraying device and the rotating wiper, and the lens is prevented from frosting or icing through the built-in electric heating element in a low-temperature environment. Combined with the edge computing chip, the intelligent identification of wildfires, vegetation interference, and foreign object intrusion is realized, thereby improving the environmental adaptability and monitoring stability of the device. For example, the micro-spraying device and the rotating wiper are used in combination. When there is dust, stains, etc. on the camera lens that affect the imaging quality, the micro-spraying device can spray an appropriate amount of cleaning liquid, and the rotating wiper rotates under the drive of the motor to scrape off the stains on the lens, realizing automatic cleaning and ensuring that the camera can always obtain clear images; in a low-temperature environment, the electric heating element will start to provide heat for the camera to prevent problems such as performance degradation, frosting, and icing of the camera due to low temperature, and ensure that the camera can still work normally in a harsh environment.

[0072] Among them, the camera is used for multi-view video acquisition; the edge computing chip is also used to detect abnormal conditions of the transmission line according to the images collected by the camera, and generate a panoramic image of the transmission current in combination with the image stitching technology for risk assessment of the transmission line.

[0073] The camera module is embedded with an edge computing chip, supporting end-side intelligent analysis functions. It can detect abnormal situations such as wildfires, icing, and external damage in real time, and generate panoramic images of transmission lines through image stitching. It supports comprehensive analysis and anomaly detection of the status of transmission lines, realizes full-channel visual monitoring, and assists in line risk assessment. The camera module has added hyperspectral imaging capabilities, which can detect tiny cracks and local overheating on the surface of transmission lines and insulators. At the same time, the camera is equipped with an edge computing chip, which can complete complex image recognition tasks at the end side. For example, it can classify natural obstacles (bird nests, branches) and artificial damage marks (theft cutting, line damage) on transmission lines, automatically screen important monitoring images and upload them to the background server.

[0074] Optionally, the current monitoring module includes a Hall sensor, a Rogowski coil, and a current monitoring chip. The Hall sensor and the Rogowski coil are both connected to the current monitoring chip, and the current monitoring chip is connected to the main control chip; the minimum measurement current range of the Hall sensor is less than 0.1 A; the maximum measurement current range of the Rogowski coil is greater than 2000 A.

[0075] The current monitoring chip is used to measure the current data of the transmission line by adopting a double-precision complementary compensation algorithm based on the Hall sensor and the Rogowski coil.

[0076] The combination of the Hall sensor and the Rogowski coil covers high and low current scenarios of the transmission line through a precision complementary compensation algorithm. The current monitoring module adopts a double-precision design that combines Hall sensing technology and Rogowski coil, supports wide-range current measurement, covers an ultra-wide dynamic range from 0.1 A to 2000 A, and is suitable for complex current scenarios of ultra-high voltage transmission lines. The current monitoring module further improves the sensitivity of low-current measurement and the stability of high-current measurement through a compensation algorithm.

[0077] Optionally, the voltage monitoring module includes a voltage sensor and a voltage monitoring chip. The voltage sensor is connected to the voltage monitoring chip, and the voltage monitoring chip is connected to the main control chip.

[0078] The voltage monitoring chip is used to measure the voltage data of the transmission line according to the voltage collected by the voltage sensor, combined with high-frequency filtering and signal processing technologies.

[0079] Among them, the voltage sensor is an integrated Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) voltage sensor. The voltage monitoring module combines a filtering algorithm with the MEMS sensor to achieve high-precision voltage measurement in a high-voltage and complex electromagnetic environment. Based on MEMS sensor technology, combined with filtering algorithms and signal processing techniques, the voltage monitoring module can accurately measure the voltage of high-voltage lines. This voltage monitoring module is suitable for complex electromagnetic environments, can effectively filter out noise interference, and supports the optimization of the voltage distribution at the nodes of transmission lines and the dynamic management of step-up requirements.

[0080] In one embodiment, the general sensor further includes an environmental monitoring module. The environmental monitoring module is installed inside the support. The environmental monitoring module includes a variety of sensors for monitoring the operating environment of the transmission line and the condition of the conductor. The environmental monitoring module is linked with the real-time current data of the transmission line, and can generate dynamic capacity increase suggestions and provide early warning information.

[0081] Optionally, the general sensor further includes a high-precision positioning module; the environmental monitoring module includes an attitude sensor and a tension sensor; the high-precision positioning module is used to collect the position information of the transmission line; the attitude sensor is used to collect the attitude of the transmission line; the tension sensor is used to collect the tension data of the transmission line.

[0082] The attitude sensor may include an acceleration sensor and a gyroscope. The environmental monitoring module works in cooperation with the high-precision positioning module and the acceleration sensor to calculate the change in conductor sag and the tension distribution, and at the same time combines the icing detection function to calculate the average thickness of the ice coating.

[0083] Optionally, the environmental monitoring module includes a temperature and humidity sensor and a barometric pressure sensor; the temperature and humidity sensor is used to collect the air temperature and humidity of the operating environment of the transmission line; the barometric pressure sensor is used to collect the atmospheric pressure of the operating environment of the transmission line. The environmental monitoring module combines the temperature and humidity sensor, the barometric pressure sensor and the current data to provide real-time micro-meteorological monitoring, and cooperates with the conductor sag analysis data to dynamically calculate the capacity increase capacity of the transmission line and provide a capacity increase early warning.

[0084] Specifically, the environmental monitoring module integrates temperature and humidity sensors, barometric pressure sensors, acceleration sensors, and gyroscopes, and can monitor the operating environment of transmission lines and the dynamic changes of conductors. The fault warning module calculates the changes in conductor sag and tension by combining the icing detection function, and estimates the icing thickness, providing key data for the analysis of line operation capacity increase. The fault warning module can also combine micro-meteorological data to provide dynamic capacity increase calculation and early warning functions, improving the operation efficiency of transmission lines. In addition to monitoring the micro-meteorological data at the current point, the environmental monitoring module also supports data linkage with surrounding weather stations. By analyzing the trends of temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure changes and combining the line load conditions, it generates dynamic capacity increase suggestions. The environmental monitoring module can calculate the thermal stability limit of transmission lines in real time, provide early warnings for large-load operation, and combine with current and voltage data to achieve full-process intelligent evaluation.

[0085] The main control chip is used to calculate the vibration, galloping, wind deflection, and sag data of the conductors of the transmission line in space through position information and attitude data; and calculate the icing thickness based on the tension data. When the icing thickness reaches the preset over-standard threshold, an icing alarm is generated and uploaded to the cloud. When the icing thickness reaches the preset over-standard threshold, a remote alarm signal is sent through the communication module to help the operation and maintenance personnel respond quickly. And calculate the transmission capacity of the transmission line through air temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, as well as current data and sag data, and provide a capacity increase warning when the transmission line is overloaded.

[0086] Dynamically evaluate the capacity increase ability of the line through air temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, as well as current data and sag data, and generate capacity increase predictions and warning information through the background platform, which can provide support for line operation optimization.

[0087] The main control chip takes pictures of the status of the fault indicator through a camera, and realizes accurate fault location and rapid alarm through multi-dimensional analysis of current data, voltage data, and data collected by the environmental monitoring module. The main control chip supports flexible setting of alarm thresholds to meet the operation and maintenance needs of different scenarios, and provides operation and maintenance decision-making support by uploading data to the background platform in real time. The main control chip has a self-learning function, and can continuously optimize the alarm model through accumulated fault data, reducing the probability of false alarms and missed alarms. At the same time, it supports scenario-based alarms. For example, specific alarm parameters and priorities are set for different regions (such as areas prone to wildfires, high-cold icing areas, etc.). The main control chip can intelligently identify the type of abnormality at the edge side, and generate specific disposal suggestions in combination with the background algorithm, and notify the operation and maintenance personnel immediately, realizing the full-process optimization from early warning to disposal.

[0088] Optionally, the universal sensor is equipped with a high-capacity local storage chip, which can store key monitoring data for no less than a first preset time, and supports local storage and delayed upload in the event of a network interruption; when the recording function is not used, the universal sensor can continue to work normally for a second preset time. The first preset time can be 30 days, and the second preset time can be 7 days.

[0089] The universal sensor also includes an RTK high-precision positioning module for collecting the position information of the transmission line.

[0090] The universal sensor also includes a communication module, which supports 4G wireless communication, Beidou RTK high-precision positioning and Internet of Things protocols, and is used to upload monitoring data collected by each module, and remotely configure and operate. The communication module supports seamless connection with the background server, can display real-time monitoring data on the background server platform, and combine historical data for comprehensive calculation and trend prediction.

[0091] The communication module has high-precision positioning capabilities within 10 cm horizontally and 20 cm vertically. The communication module supports real-time data upload, remote configuration and dynamic algorithm upgrade functions, can optimize data analysis models, and realize abnormal trend prediction through historical data analysis. The end-side analysis function of the communication module combined with the computing power unit of the general sensor can complete more than 90% of data preprocessing and abnormality identification, reducing data transmission volume and background server pressure. The remote collaboration function supports data sharing and joint analysis among multiple devices. For example, the overall trend of sag changes can be calculated through multi-point collaborative calculation to optimize regional operation and maintenance plans. In addition, general sensors support remote parameter adjustment and policy push, and operation and maintenance personnel can adjust monitoring focus or function priority according to the real-time status of the line.

[0092] In an exemplary embodiment, the universal sensor also supports a remote algorithm upgrade function, combined with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm optimization, to dynamically improve the accuracy and response speed of data analysis.

[0093] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 It is a general sensor structure. Figure 4 Figure (a) is a top schematic diagram of a universal sensor. Figure 4 Figure (b) is a schematic diagram of the end face of the universal sensor. The structural design of the universal sensor has the characteristics of modularity and multi-adaptability, and includes the following main components: a support 401, a solar cell panel 402, an antenna module 403, a wire through hole 404, a through hole 101, a camera 405 and a power monitoring connector 406.

[0094] Specifically, the support of the general sensor is made of high-strength insulating materials, with waterproof, dustproof, and corrosion-resistant properties, meeting the IP66 standard. The support is designed as an openable and closable structure, enabling quick installation and disassembly through a locking mechanism and supporting various wire diameters. A rubber ring is configured inside the support, and by replacing rubber rings of different sizes, it can adapt to single wires or multi-split wires. The top of the general sensor integrates a solar panel with high conversion efficiency, which can operate stably in low-light environments and provide main power support for the general sensor.

[0095] A multi-functional wireless antenna (antenna module) is provided at the top of the general sensor to support 4G communication and Beidou RTK high-precision positioning functions, ensuring data transmission and precise positioning capabilities.

[0096] Wire through-hole: A through-hole for the transmission line to pass through is designed at the bottom of the housing. The wire is sealed and fixed through a rubber ring to ensure the stability and safety of the general sensor.

[0097] The camera module is equipped with multiple starlight-level high-definition cameras, supporting wide-angle panoramic detection. Real-time video acquisition can be achieved in all directions, including the front, rear, sides, and bottom, providing 360° non-blind-spot monitoring.

[0098] Among them, the power monitoring joint is externally connected to an optional power monitoring terminal. It is a module extended from the general sensor and placed on the wire to obtain current to supply power to the general sensor. The power monitoring terminal adopts the same openable and closable structure as the general sensor and realizes additional power supply support through magnetic coupling power extraction. As Figure 5 shown, Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a power monitoring terminal. The power monitoring terminal is connected to the support through a power monitoring plug on the support. The power monitoring terminal also has the functions of measuring current, voltage, and temperature.

[0099] As Figure 6 shown, Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the general sensor monitoring the split conductor of the transmission line, including the general sensor 601 and two power monitoring terminals 602. There is a through-hole in the middle of the power monitoring terminal. Both power monitoring terminals are connected to the power monitoring plug position of the general sensor and are connected to the intelligent energy management chip through the power monitoring plug. The intelligent energy management chip can stabilize the voltage of the power taken by the power monitoring terminal to a preset voltage value and then supply power to each module of the general sensor. The power monitoring terminal is also connected to the main control chip through the power monitoring plug position and sends the collected current, voltage, and temperature to the main control chip. The through-holes of the general sensor and the two power monitoring terminals respectively pass through the split conductor.

[0100] It should be noted that the power monitoring joint can be set on the end face and / or the side face of the support. Figure 6This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the power monitoring terminal and the general sensor through the power monitoring connector on the side of the support device.

[0101] As Figure 7 shown, Figure 7 this is a schematic diagram of the structure of the opening of the support device.

[0102] It should be noted that the weights of the general sensor and the power monitoring terminal are generally less than 10 kg, which is much less than the maximum weight that the wire can bear.

[0103] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered to be within the scope recorded in the present utility model.

Claims

1. A general sensor for transmission line monitoring, characterized in that, Including: A support for installing monitoring components and multiple monitoring components for monitoring the state of a transmission line. A part of the monitoring components are installed in the inner space of the support, and another part of the monitoring components are installed on the outer surface of the support; The support is of a cuboid structure. Through holes are provided through the end faces of the cuboid structure, and a slit is provided on the side face of the cuboid structure to divide the support into two parts, and the slit communicates with the through holes; perforations are provided on both the upper and lower sides of the slit on one side of the support, and a movable part is provided between the slits on the other side of the support; a plurality of power monitoring plugs are provided on the end face of the support; When monitoring a single conductor of a transmission line, the single conductor is placed into the through hole of the support through the slit on one side of the support, and a fixing connector is used to pass through the perforations to fix the single conductor in the through hole of the support; When monitoring a bundled conductor of a transmission line, after connecting at least one power monitoring terminal to the support through the power monitoring plug, one of the bundled conductors in the bundled conductor is placed into the through hole of the support through the slit on one side of the support, and a fixing connector is used to pass through the perforations to fix the one bundled conductor in the through hole of the support, and the remaining bundled conductors in the bundled conductor are respectively placed into the through holes of each power monitoring terminal; the number of the remaining bundled conductors is the same as the number of power monitoring terminals; the power monitoring terminals and the support have the same structure, both being an openable and closable structure, and through holes are provided through the end faces of the power monitoring terminals.

2. The general sensor according to claim 1, wherein A rubber ring with adjustable size is installed on the inner wall of the through hole.

3. The general sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The general sensor further includes a main control chip; the main control chip is installed in the inner space of the support, and the main control chip is respectively connected to multiple monitoring components and power monitoring plugs.

4. The general sensor according to claim 3, wherein, The general sensor further includes a power supply, and the power supply includes multiple power taking units and an intelligent energy management chip; the multiple power taking units include a solar panel, a thermoelectric power taking unit, and an electromagnetic coupling power taking unit; the multiple power taking units are respectively connected to the main control chip, the multiple monitoring components, and the intelligent energy management chip; The solar panel is installed on the top of the outer surface of the support; the intelligent energy management chip, the thermoelectric power taking unit, and the electromagnetic coupling power taking unit are installed in the inner space of the support; the electromagnetic coupling power taking unit is connected to the conductor of the transmission line through an external power taking claw structure, and both ends of the thermoelectric power taking unit are respectively connected to the conductor and the support.

5. The general sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that The multiple monitoring components include a camera module, a current monitoring module, a voltage monitoring module, and an environment monitoring module. The camera module includes a camera, a micro water spraying device, a rotating scraping blade, an electric heating element, and an edge computing chip; the camera, the micro water spraying device, the rotating scraping blade, and the electric heating element are all connected to the edge computing chip; the camera is also connected to the main control chip; The current monitoring module, the voltage monitoring module, the environment monitoring module, and the edge computing chip are installed in the inner space of the support; The camera, the micro water spraying device, the rotating scraping blade, and the electric heating element are installed on the outer surface of the support; The edge computing chip is installed in the inner space of the support device.

6. The general sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that, The current monitoring module includes a Hall sensor, a Rogowski coil, and a current monitoring chip. The Hall sensor and the Rogowski coil are both connected to the current monitoring chip, and the current monitoring chip is connected to the main control chip. The minimum measurement current range of the Hall sensor is less than 0.1A; the maximum measurement current range of the Rogowski coil is greater than 2000A.

7. The general sensor according to claim 5, characterized in that The voltage monitoring module includes a voltage sensor and a voltage monitoring chip. The voltage sensor is connected to the voltage monitoring chip, and the voltage monitoring chip is connected to the main control chip.

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