Battery pack explosion-proof structure and battery pack

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of battery packs, and provides a battery pack explosion-proof structure and a battery pack, aiming at solving the problems that a large amount of high-temperature gas and eruption substances are generated in a battery pack box body when accidents such as thermal runaway occur in the battery pack, and the existing battery explosion-proof structure is low in discharge efficiency, slow in heat dissipation and high in cost. The battery pack explosion-proof structure comprises a battery pack explosion-proof plate and a battery pack exhaust plate; wherein an exhaust hole is formed in the battery pack exhaust plate, the battery pack explosion-proof plate comprises an explosion-proof plate body and an exhaust hole opening actuating piece, and the explosion-proof plate body is arranged on the battery pack exhaust plate in a stacked mode and covers the exhaust hole; one end of the exhaust hole opening actuating piece is connected with the explosion-proof plate body, the other end of the exhaust hole opening actuating piece penetrates through the battery pack exhaust plate, and the exhaust hole opening actuating piece is provided with an elastic telescopic component capable of resetting; according to the utility model, the rapid smoke discharge, exhaust and heat dissipation of the battery pack box body can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of battery packs, and more specifically, to an explosion-proof structure for a battery pack and a battery pack. Background Art

[0002] During the design stage of a battery pack, a core consideration is how to quickly achieve the emission of smoke, harmful gases, and the dissipation of heat in the event of an emergency such as thermal runaway, in order to prevent the escalation of the accident.

[0003] Current battery packs typically include a box body, in which modules are installed. Above the modules, structures such as an electrical component compartment and an upper cover are arranged. Electrical components are accommodated in the electrical component compartment, and an explosion-proof valve is provided on the upper cover.

[0004] When thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack, high-temperature gas flow and ejected substances will be generated inside it. The high-temperature gas flow and ejected substances first need to pass through the exhaust channel between the module and the box body, then enter the electrical component compartment containing the electrical components, then push the explosion-proof valve to open, and finally be discharged through the explosion-proof valve. However, during this process, the flow of the high-temperature gas flow may cause thermal spread, leading to thermal runaway of other adjacent battery cells. At the same time, non-heat-resistant components such as busbars, PCB boards, and even the upper cover in the electrical component compartment may be damaged due to high temperature, further exacerbating the degree of damage.

[0005] In addition, the explosion-proof valves currently equipped on the battery pack box body are only designed to meet the test standards in the case of thermal runaway of a single or a group of battery cells. And often due to insufficient ventilation volume or limited exhaust port area, it is necessary to install multiple explosion-proof valves additionally. This not only increases the cost, but also due to the constraint of the installation space, the selection range of the explosion-proof valve is limited, further driving up the cost. More seriously, when multiple battery cells malfunction simultaneously, the existing explosion-proof valve configuration is difficult to discharge smoke and gas in time, and may even trigger an explosion in extreme cases, posing a serious threat to personal and property safety.

[0006] For example, the explosion-proof valve in the prior art has a limited exhaust port area, and such a structure is difficult to balance the emission requirements in the event of unexpected situations such as thermal runaway of multiple battery cells and the cost control of the explosion-proof structure.

[0007] Therefore, the design of the battery pack must comprehensively consider the safety mechanism in the case of thermal runaway, ensure that the efficiency and layout of the explosion-proof valve can effectively respond to potential multiple battery failures, and at the same time optimize cost and space utilization to achieve a higher level of safety protection. Summary of the Utility Model

[0008] The utility model aims to provide an explosion-proof structure for a battery pack and a battery pack to solve the problems that when thermal runaway or other unexpected situations occur in the battery pack, a large amount of high-temperature gas and ejected substances will be generated inside the battery pack box body, and the existing battery explosion-proof structure has low emission efficiency, slow heat dissipation, and high cost.

[0009] The present utility model is realized by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0010] The present utility model provides an explosion-proof structure for a battery pack, which includes an explosion-proof plate of the battery pack and an exhaust plate of the battery pack; wherein, exhaust holes are provided on the exhaust plate of the battery pack, and the explosion-proof plate of the battery pack includes an explosion-proof plate body and an exhaust hole opening actuating member. The explosion-proof plate body is stacked on the exhaust plate of the battery pack and covers the exhaust holes; one end of the exhaust hole opening actuating member is connected to the explosion-proof plate body, the other end of the exhaust hole opening actuating member passes through the exhaust plate of the battery pack, and the exhaust hole opening actuating member has an elastic telescopic member capable of resetting.

[0011] By compressing the elastic telescopic member of the exhaust hole opening actuating member, the explosion-proof plate body is separated from the exhaust plate of the battery pack to open the exhaust holes, and by the reset of the elastic telescopic member of the exhaust hole opening actuating member, the explosion-proof plate body is in contact with the exhaust plate of the battery pack to re-close the exhaust holes.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution:

[0013] The explosion-proof plate body and the exhaust hole opening actuating member are integrally formed structural members.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution:

[0015] The end of the exhaust hole opening actuating member has a limiting member. In the state where the explosion-proof plate body is in contact with the exhaust plate of the battery pack, the elastic telescopic member is in a compressed state. One end of the elastic telescopic member abuts against the limiting member, and the other end abuts against the exhaust plate of the battery pack. The elastic telescopic member adopts a spring.

[0016] Among them, the spring is a relatively preferred way, but the elastic telescopic member is not limited to the spring, and other structural members with elastic telescopic deformation ability can also be used, such as rubber.

[0017] As a preferred technical solution:

[0018] A sliding hole is provided on the exhaust plate of the battery pack, and the exhaust hole opening actuating member is arranged through the sliding hole.

[0019] As a preferred technical solution:

[0020] The exhaust hole opening actuating member includes a cylinder body and a limiting ring. One end of the cylinder body is connected to the explosion-proof plate body, and the other end of the cylinder body is connected to the limiting ring. The limiting ring serves as the limiting member, and the size of the limiting ring is larger than the size of the sliding hole.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution:

[0022] The columnar body is a hollow columnar body, and the internal space of the hollow columnar body serves as a ventilation channel. One end of the hollow columnar body connected to the explosion-proof plate body is provided with a side hole, and the side hole is opened on the columnar surface of the hollow columnar body; a ventilation membrane or a waterproof and breathable membrane is arranged inside the hollow columnar body.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution:

[0024] A plurality of exhaust hole opening actuators are connected to the explosion-proof plate body, and the plurality of exhaust hole opening actuators are arranged at intervals; the explosion-proof plate body adopts a cover structure, which includes a cover plate, and side panels are arranged around the cover plate; the explosion-proof plate body is snap-fitted on the battery pack exhaust plate.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution:

[0026] A raised ring is arranged on the plate surface of the battery pack exhaust plate, the explosion-proof plate body is snap-fitted around the raised ring, and a sealing ring is arranged between the explosion-proof plate body and the raised ring.

[0027] As a preferred technical solution:

[0028] The sealing ring is installed inside the explosion-proof plate body.

[0029] As a preferred technical solution:

[0030] The exhaust hole opening actuator adopts a spring cover, the spring cover includes a hollow cylinder and an annular limiting ring, the sliding hole is a round hole, the outer diameter of the limiting ring is larger than the diameter of the sliding hole, and a spring is sleeved outside the spring cover.

[0031] As a preferred technical solution:

[0032] The battery pack exhaust plate adopts a metal structural member.

[0033] As a preferred technical solution:

[0034] A plurality of the exhaust holes are opened on the battery pack exhaust plate, and the battery pack exhaust plate forms a frame structure.

[0035] The present utility model further provides a battery pack, which includes a battery pack box body. A module is arranged inside the battery pack box body. The battery pack explosion-proof structure described above is installed on the side plate of the battery pack box body. The side plate of the battery pack box body is the battery pack exhaust plate, and the explosion-proof plate body is located outside the battery pack box body;

[0036] Alternatively, an installation groove is formed on the side plate of the battery pack housing, and the above-mentioned explosion-proof structure of the battery pack is installed at the installation groove. The size of the battery pack exhaust plate is adapted to the size of the installation groove. After the battery pack exhaust plate is installed in the installation groove, the battery pack exhaust plate serves as a part of the side plate of the battery pack housing, and the explosion-proof plate body is located outside the battery pack housing.

[0037] As a preferred technical solution:

[0038] The battery pack exhaust plate can be slidably inserted into the installation groove so that the battery pack exhaust plate constitutes the side plate of the battery pack housing; or the battery pack exhaust plate can be slidably inserted into the installation groove, and the battery pack exhaust plate is installed on the side plate of the battery pack housing.

[0039] When the battery pack exhaust plate is slidably inserted into the installation groove, the battery pack exhaust plate can also be referred to as a plug-in plate.

[0040] As a preferred technical solution:

[0041] The installation groove is formed along the longitudinal direction of the side plate of the battery pack housing, and the battery pack exhaust plate is inserted from the upper end of the installation groove.

[0042] As a preferred technical solution:

[0043] The ends of the side plates of the battery pack housing on both sides of the installation groove are adapted to the mating surfaces on both sides of the battery pack exhaust plate; the mating surfaces are arc-shaped, V-shaped or wavy.

[0044] The above several forms are preferred ways, but are not limited to the above several forms. Other forms that ensure the ends of the side plates of the battery pack housing on both sides of the installation groove are adapted to both sides of the battery pack exhaust plate are also acceptable.

[0045] As a preferred technical solution:

[0046] The ends of the side plates of the battery pack housing on both sides of the installation groove are set to be semi-circular arcs, and arc-shaped grooves adapted to the semi-circular arc ends of the side plates of the battery pack housing are provided on both sides of the battery pack exhaust plate. The length direction of the arc-shaped grooves is along the longitudinal direction.

[0047] As a preferred technical solution:

[0048] Both sides of the battery pack exhaust plate are fixedly connected to the side plates of the battery pack housing.

[0049] As a preferred technical solution:

[0050] The connection between the battery pack exhaust plate and the side plates of the battery pack housing is an adhesive connection or a welding connection.

[0051] As a preferred technical solution:

[0052] An electrical component compartment is arranged above the module;

[0053] A partition is further provided inside the battery pack box body, the partition is located between the module and the electrical component compartment, and the partition is used to separate the module and the electrical component compartment.

[0054] After the module is separated from the electrical component compartment, when the battery pack undergoes thermal runaway, the high-temperature airflow and ejected substances generated inside it will not enter the electrical component compartment that houses the electrical components, avoiding damage to non-heat-resistant components such as busbars, PCB boards, and even the upper cover inside the electrical component compartment, and protecting the electrical components inside the electrical component compartment.

[0055] As a preferred technical solution:

[0056] An upper cover is provided above the electrical component compartment, and the upper cover is detachably connected to the battery pack box body.

[0057] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are:

[0058] 1. The explosion-proof structure of the battery pack of the present utility model actuates the elastic telescopic component of the exhaust hole opening actuator, so that the explosion-proof plate body is separated from the battery pack exhaust plate to open the exhaust hole, and through the reset of the elastic telescopic component of the exhaust hole opening actuator, the explosion-proof plate body contacts the battery pack exhaust plate to re-close the exhaust hole; when an accident such as thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack and a large amount of high-temperature gas and ejected substances are generated inside the battery pack box body, the air pressure inside the battery pack box body rises rapidly, the elastic telescopic component is compressed, the explosion-proof plate opens, and the explosion-proof plate body is separated from the battery pack exhaust plate, so as to quickly discharge smoke, exhaust gas and dissipate heat through the exhaust hole on the battery pack exhaust plate; the battery pack exhaust plate can be directly used as the side plate of the battery pack box body or installed on the side plate of the battery pack box body, and is directly discharged from the side of the battery pack box body. The exhaust rate is large and the exhaust distance is short, and the high-temperature gas generated inside can be discharged more quickly and efficiently, avoiding the behavior of causing thermal spread to cause thermal runaway of other battery cells and damage to electrical components. When the efficient discharge is completed, the air pressure inside and outside the battery pack box body tends to be balanced, and the explosion-proof plate can be automatically reset under the action of the elastic telescopic component (spring).

[0059] 2. In the explosion-proof structure of the battery pack of the present utility model, the battery pack exhaust plate is installed in the installation groove on the side plate of the battery pack box body, which can not only achieve rapid and efficient smoke exhaust, exhaust gas and heat dissipation, but also facilitate the maintenance and replacement of the explosion-proof structure.

[0060] 3. The exhaust hole opening actuator of the present utility model is provided with a ventilation channel, and side holes are opened on the column surface of its column body. The column body is hollow inside and is provided with a breathable membrane or a waterproof breathable membrane, which can automatically adjust the air pressure balance inside and outside the battery pack box body.

[0061] 4. The explosion-proof structure of the present utility model occupies a small internal space of the battery pack box body, is not restricted by space, and has a simple assembly method, greatly reducing the consumption of manpower and material resources in the manufacturing and assembly process of the battery pack box body. In addition, it can also shorten the installation time, speed up the production rhythm, and greatly reduce the production and manufacturing cost.

[0062] 5. The battery pack of the present utility model has higher safety than the battery packs in the prior art. When accidents such as thermal runaway occur in the battery pack, it can quickly exhaust smoke, exhaust gas, and dissipate heat to avoid causing greater losses and dangerous situations.

[0063] 6. The battery pack of the present utility model is provided with a partition inside the battery pack box body to separate the module and the electrical component compartment. The high-temperature gas is directly discharged from the side of the battery pack box body, avoiding the high-temperature gas flow and the ejected substances from flowing through the exhaust channel between the module and the battery pack box body and even entering the electrical component space part, preventing the behavior that the heat spread caused by the high-temperature gas flow during the flow process may cause thermal runaway of other battery cells and damage to the electrical components, and protecting the electrical components and structures such as the upper cover. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the explosion-proof structure of the battery pack described in the present utility model.

[0065] Figure 2 It is a left view of the explosion-proof structure of the battery pack described in the present utility model.

[0066] Figure 3 It is a top view of the explosion-proof structure of the battery pack described in the present utility model.

[0067] Figure 4 It is a front view of the explosion-proof structure of the battery pack described in the present utility model (from the perspective of the inside of the battery pack box body).

[0068] Figure 5 It is an axonometric view of the explosion-proof structure of the battery pack described in the present utility model.

[0069] Figure 6 It is an axonometric view of the plug board described in the present utility model.

[0070] Figure 7 It is a top view of the plug board described in the present utility model.

[0071] Figure 8 It is an axonometric view of the explosion-proof board described in the present utility model.

[0072] Icons: 1-connector plate, 2-arc groove, 3-exhaust hole, 4-explosion-proof plate, 5-explosion-proof plate body, 6-exhaust hole opening actuator, 7-hollow cylinder, 8-limiting ring, 9-air permeable channel, 10-side hole, 11-spring, 12-waterproof breathable membrane, 13-protrusion, 14-cover plate, 15-side panel, 16-sealing ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the utility model clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the utility model.

[0074] Example 1

[0075] like Figures 1-8 As shown, this embodiment proposes a battery pack explosion-proof structure, including a connector plate 1, and the connector plate 1 is used to connect to the battery pack case. In this embodiment, a mounting groove is opened on the side panel of the battery pack case, and the size of the connector plate 1 is adapted to the size of the mounting groove. The connector plate 1 can be slidably inserted into the mounting groove, and after the insertion is completed, the connector plate 1 just completely fills the mounting groove, so that the connector plate 1 is equivalent to being a part of the side panel of the battery pack case. Preferably, the mounting groove is opened along the longitudinal direction of the side panel of the battery pack case, and the connector plate 1 is inserted from the upper end of the mounting groove.

[0076] Furthermore, the plug board 1 is inserted into the installation slot and fixedly connected to the side plate of the battery pack body. The fixed connection method can be to apply sealing structural glue on both sides of the plug board 1 and then insert the plug board 1 into the installation slot, or to first insert the plug board 1 into the installation slot and then fill the gap between the two with glue. Of course, it is not limited to the above connection method of gluing, and other connection methods are also possible, such as welding and other methods.

[0077] For the convenience of the reliable insertion of the plug-in board 1, in this embodiment, the ends of the side plates of the battery pack box body on both sides of the installation groove are set to be semi-circular arcs. Arc-shaped grooves 2 adapted to the semi-circular arc ends of the side plates of the battery pack box body are provided on both sides of the plug-in board 1. The length direction of the arc-shaped grooves 2 is along the longitudinal direction. At this time, the arc-shaped grooves 2 can be used as glue grooves for coating a sealing structural adhesive. When the plug-in board 1 is connected to the side plate of the battery pack box body, the arc-shaped grooves 2 on both sides of the plug-in board 1 accommodate the ends of the side plates of the battery pack box body, and then the plug-in board 1 is pushed downward to enable the plug-in board 1 to be reliably inserted and installed in the installation groove. With the above structure, the installation of the plug-in board 1 is reliable, stable, and not prone to dislocation. Further, convex strips are first formed on both sides of the plug-in board 1 respectively, and then the arc-shaped grooves 2 are provided at the ends of the convex strips.

[0078] Of course, the matching method between the plug-in board 1 and the side plate of the battery pack box body is not limited to the above method. It is also possible to adopt the method of setting the ends of both sides of the plug-in board 1 to be semi-circular arcs and providing arc-shaped grooves 2 adapted to the ends of the side plates of the battery pack box body on both sides of the installation groove to achieve the reliable installation of the plug-in board 1.

[0079] At the same time, it is not limited to using a semi-circular arc mating surface. For example, a V-shaped or wavy mating surface can be used as long as it is ensured that the plug-in board 1 is adapted to the side plate of the battery pack box body and the plug-in board 1 can be inserted into the installation groove.

[0080] As Figures 4-6 shown, a plurality of exhaust holes 3 are provided on the plug-in board 1. The exhaust holes 3 are used to discharge the high-temperature gas flow and ejected substances generated in the battery pack box body when an accident such as thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack. The number and shape of the exhaust holes 3 are not strictly limited and can be selectively set according to design requirements. The shape of the exhaust holes 3 can be circular, square, rectangular, or irregular.

[0081] The plug-in board 1 in this embodiment is preferably made of a metal structural member, such as a low-pressure die-cast aluminum part. Since a plurality of the exhaust holes 3 are provided on the plug-in board 1 and the size of the exhaust holes 3 is large, the plug-in board 1 presents a metal frame structure.

[0082] The plug-in board 1 is connected with an explosion-proof board 4. As Figure 8 shown, the explosion-proof board 4 includes an explosion-proof board body 5 and an exhaust hole opening actuating member 6. The explosion-proof board body 5 is located outside the plug-in board 1 and can cover the exhaust holes 3. The outside here refers to the outside of the battery pack box body. One end of the exhaust hole opening actuating member 6 is connected to the explosion-proof board body 5, and the other end of the exhaust hole opening actuating member 6 passes through the plug-in board 1.

[0083] The plug-in board 1 is provided with a sliding hole. The exhaust hole opening actuator 6 includes a hollow cylinder 7 and a limiting ring 8. The limiting ring 8 is connected to one end of the hollow cylinder 7, and the other end of the hollow cylinder 7 is connected to the explosion-proof plate body 5. The limiting ring 8 is fixedly connected to the hollow cylinder 7, and the limiting ring 8 and the hollow cylinder 7 are an integrally formed structural member. The hollow cylinder 7 is inserted into the sliding hole, and the axial direction of the hollow cylinder 7 is the same as the axial direction of the sliding hole. The hollow cylinder 7 can slide in the sliding hole, so that the explosion-proof plate body 5 can move relative to the plug-in board 1. The explosion-proof plate body 5 can move close to the plug-in board 1 to fit with it, and can also move away from the plug-in board 1 to form a certain interval therewith. The size of the limiting ring 8 is larger than the size of the sliding hole, so as to ensure that the explosion-proof plate body 5 is always connected to the plug-in board 1 through the exhaust hole opening actuator 6, and the explosion-proof plate body 5 will not be completely separated from the plug-in board 1.

[0084] In this embodiment, the exhaust hole opening actuator 6 adopts a spring cover. The spring cover includes a hollow cylinder and a circular limiting ring 8. The sliding hole is a circular hole, and the outer diameter of the limiting ring 8 is larger than the diameter of the sliding hole. Of course, it is not limited to a circular design. The sliding hole can be a square hole, and the hollow cylinder 7 can be a hollow square cylinder. The shape of the limiting ring 8 does not need to be strictly limited, as long as its size is larger than the size of the sliding hole to ensure that the hollow cylinder 7 will not come out of the sliding hole.

[0085] Preferably, the spring cover and the explosion-proof plate body 5 are an integrally formed structural member. The forming method is as follows: first, the hollow cylinder 7 and the explosion-proof plate body 5 are formed by injection molding or machining, then the hollow cylinder 7 is inserted into the sliding hole on the plug-in board 1, and the end of the hollow cylinder 7 extends out of the sliding hole. The limiting ring 8 is heat-melted and connected to this end of the hollow cylinder 7.

[0086] A spring 11 is sleeved outside the hollow cylinder 7. One end of the spring 11 abuts against the limiting ring 8, and the other end of the spring 11 abuts against the plug-in board 1. In the normal working state of the battery pack, the spring 11 is in a compressed state. Therefore, the spring 11 has a tendency to restore its original shape, and the spring 11 generates an elastic force. The elastic force acts between the limiting ring 8 and the plug-in board 1, so that the explosion-proof plate body 5 fits against the outside of the plug-in board 1. The spring 11 serves as a load-bearing structure between the plug-in board 1 and the spring cover, and is the source of the pressure received by the spring cover. In the normal working state of the battery pack, it meets the sealing requirements of the battery pack box body and can limit the opening of the valve to a certain extent.

[0087] This embodiment is not limited to using the spring 11. Other components with elastic telescopic deformation ability can also be used, such as rubber, etc., but the spring 11 is preferably used.

[0088] When an accident such as thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack, the high-temperature airflow and ejected substances generated inside the battery pack box will cause the air pressure inside the battery pack box to rise rapidly. When the valve opening pressure is reached, an outward thrust will be generated on the spring cover. This thrust is greater than the elastic force of the spring 11 under the normal working state of the battery pack. During this process, the spring 11 will be further compressed. The spring cover moves relative to the plug board 1 towards the outside of the battery pack box. The plug-in is both the force-bearing carrier of the spring cover and the exhaust device. As the spring cover moves away from the plug board 1, the explosion-proof plate body 5 moves. The explosion-proof plate body 5 pops out as a whole, and a certain gap is formed between the explosion-proof plate body 5 and the plug board 1. At this time, the inside of the battery pack box will communicate with the external environment through the exhaust holes 3 on the plug board 1. The high-temperature airflow and ejected substances inside the battery pack box will be quickly discharged into the external environment, realizing rapid smoke exhaust, gas exhaust, and heat dissipation when an accident such as thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack. After the efficient discharge is completed, the air pressure inside and outside the battery pack box tends to be balanced, the spring 11 resets, and the explosion-proof plate body 5 fits again on the outside of the plug board 1, closing the exhaust holes 3.

[0089] This embodiment adopts the form of cooperation between the explosion-proof plate 4 and the plug board 1. Multiple exhaust holes 3 with a larger exhaust area can be opened on the plug board 1. When the pressure inside the battery pack box increases, the pressure can push the spring cover, causing the explosion-proof plate body 5 to move away from the plug board 1, enabling the exhaust holes 3 on the plug board 1 to play a role and quickly discharging a large amount of high-temperature airflow and ejected substances. Compared with the explosion-proof valve in the prior art, the discharge effect of the present invention is good and the discharge efficiency is high. Moreover, since the plug board 1 is arranged on the side plate of the battery pack box, the discharge can be directly carried out from the side of the battery pack box. The module inside the battery pack box can be separated from the electrical component compartment by a partition, so that the module is located alone at the lower part of the battery pack box. When an accident such as thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack, the generated high-temperature airflow and ejected substances are directly discharged through the explosion-proof structure on the side of the battery pack box. Not only is the exhaust rate large and the exhaust distance short, and the internal high-temperature gas can be discharged more quickly and efficiently, but also the high-temperature airflow and ejected substances are prevented from flowing through the exhaust channel between the module and the battery pack box and even entering the electrical component space part, eliminating the behavior of thermal spread that may cause other battery cells to thermal runaway and damage electrical components during the flow of high-temperature airflow, protecting the electrical components and structures such as the upper cover.

[0090] To ensure the air pressure balance inside and outside the battery pack box when the battery pack is in normal working condition, a breathable membrane or a waterproof breathable membrane 12 is provided inside the hollow cylinder 7. Depending on whether there is a need for waterproofing, a breathable membrane or a waterproof breathable membrane 12 is selected. Generally speaking, a waterproof breathable membrane 12 is mostly used, such as a PE waterproof breathable membrane 12. At the same time, a plurality of side holes 10 are opened at one end of the hollow cylinder 7 connected to the explosion-proof plate body 5, and the side holes 10 are opened on the cylindrical surface of the hollow cylinder 7. The inside of the hollow cylinder 7 serves as a breathable channel 9. Since the waterproof breathable membrane 12 only allows air molecules to enter and exit, and water molecules cannot pass through, it thus realizes blocking water vapor from entering the battery pack box, while air molecules enter and exit through the side holes 10. Cooperating with the waterproof breathable membrane 12, it realizes that when the battery pack is in normal working condition (when the explosion-proof plate 4 does not pop out), only air molecules are allowed to enter and exit through the waterproof breathable membrane 12, so as to adjust the air pressure balance inside and outside the battery pack box. When facing the temperature change outside the battery pack box and the temperature and air pressure changes caused by altitude, the breathable holes on the spring cover can adjust the air pressure balance inside and outside the battery pack box within a specified time, and the attached waterproof breathable membrane 12 can block the entry of water vapor and allow air molecules to enter and exit, meeting the requirements of waterproofing and breathability.

[0091] In this embodiment, a plurality of spring covers are connected to the explosion-proof plate body 5. Correspondingly, a plurality of sliding holes are opened on the plug board 1. On the one hand, the plurality of spring covers can connect the explosion-proof plate body 5 more stably outside the plug board 1. On the other hand, the plurality of spring covers can realize air pressure balance adjustment at multiple positions, ensuring that the air pressure inside and outside the battery pack box remains balanced when the battery pack is in normal working condition.

[0092] A circular protrusion 13 is provided on the outer surface of the plug board 1. The explosion-proof plate body 5 adopts a cover structure, which includes a cover plate 14. Side panels 15 are provided around the cover plate 14, and a cavity is formed between the side panels 15 and the cover plate 14. The explosion-proof plate body 5 is buckled on the outside of the plug board 1, the cavity is located between the plug board 1 and the cover plate 14, a sealing ring 16 is installed on the inner side of the side panel 15, the side panel 15 is adapted to the protrusion 13, the side panel 15 just buckles around the protrusion 13, and the sealing ring 16 contacts the periphery of the protrusion 13. The sealing ring 16 is used to seal between the explosion-proof plate body 5 and the plug board 1.

[0093] In the explosion-proof structure of this embodiment, the plug-in board 1 is directly installed in the installation groove on the side plate of the battery pack box body, without occupying the internal space of the battery pack box body. The explosion-proof board body 5 is located outside the battery pack box body and also does not occupy the internal space of the battery pack box body. Only the spring cover occupies a small amount of the internal space of the battery pack box body. Therefore, the explosion-proof structure of the present utility model is not restricted by the installation space, and the assembly method is simple, greatly reducing the consumption of manpower and material resources in the manufacturing and assembly process of the battery pack box body. In addition, it can shorten the installation time, speed up the production rhythm, and greatly reduce the production and manufacturing cost. The present utility model arranges the explosion-proof structure on the side of the battery pack box body, shortening the exhaust distance, avoiding the behavior of causing thermal spread to lead to thermal runaway of other battery cells and damage to electrical components. At the same time, the existing explosion-proof valve is upgraded to the form of the explosion-proof board 4, which cooperates with the plug-in board 1 to increase the exhaust area and can achieve efficient smoke and exhaust discharge.

[0094] When designing the explosion-proof structure of this embodiment, first determine the arrangement position and size of the explosion-proof structure according to the wall thickness, size and internal space layout of the battery pack box body, and pay attention to the exhaust and smoke discharge direction away from the direction of the passengers. Secondly, determine that the plug-in board 1 is assembled on the battery pack box body by means of sliding plug-in installation, determine that the explosion-proof board 4 is slidably connected to the plug-in board 1, and determine the outer envelope size of the explosion-proof board 4. Then design the explosion-proof board 4, calculate the required air permeability inside the battery pack box body, and determine the required rate for rapid exhaust according to the ARC gas production rate curve of the internal battery cells. Calculate the minimum area S1 of the waterproof breathable membrane 12 and the maximum exhaust area S2 of the explosion-proof board 4 based on the above data. Then determine the diameter of the air permeation channel 9 in the spring cover and the size of the area of the waterproof breathable membrane 12 according to the minimum area S1 of the waterproof breathable membrane 12, and maximize the exhaust area S2 as much as possible under the premise of meeting the mechanical structure requirements, so that when accidents such as thermal runaway occur, rapid smoke exhaust, exhaust and heat dissipation can be achieved. Finally, fix the designed plug-in board 1 on the side plate of the battery pack box body by means of sliding plug-in installation and glue bonding.

[0095] In the explosion-proof structure of this embodiment, the dimensions, outer shape structures, and local cross-sectional shapes of the various components are not strictly restricted and are adjusted adaptively according to actual needs.

[0096] Embodiment 2

[0097] This embodiment proposes a battery pack explosion-proof structure. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that in this embodiment, the plug-in board 1 in Embodiment 1 is directly used as the side plate of the battery pack box body, and there is no need to assemble the plug-in board 1 by setting an installation groove. Using the plug-in board 1 directly as the side plate of the battery pack box body can also achieve rapid smoke exhaust, exhaust and heat dissipation when accidents such as thermal runaway occur in the battery pack. Its structural design and exhaust principle refer to Embodiment 1.

[0098] Specifically, the explosion-proof plate body 5 of the battery pack explosion-proof structure in this embodiment is slidably connected to the side plate of the battery pack box body through the exhaust hole opening actuator 6. The structure of the explosion-proof plate 4 is the same as that of the explosion-proof plate 4 in Embodiment 1. The exhaust hole opening actuator 6 adopts a spring cover, and the structure of the spring cover is the same as that of the spring cover in Embodiment 1, which will not be elaborated here.

[0099] In this embodiment, a sliding hole is directly opened on the side plate of the battery pack box body. The hollow cylinder 7 of the spring cover is inserted into the sliding hole. The limiting ring 8 provided at the end of the hollow cylinder 7 is located inside the battery pack box body, and the size of the limiting ring 8 is larger than the size of the sliding hole. A spring 11 is sleeved on the hollow cylinder 7. One end of the spring 11 abuts against the limiting ring 8, and the other end of the spring 11 abuts against the inner side surface of the side plate of the battery pack box body. The explosion-proof plate body 5 is located outside the side plate of the battery pack box body, and one end of the hollow cylinder 7 is connected to the explosion-proof plate body 5.

[0100] A waterproof breathable membrane 12 is still provided inside the hollow cylinder 7. A side hole 10 is still provided at one end of the hollow cylinder 7 connected to the explosion-proof plate body 5, and the side hole 10 is opened on the column surface of the hollow cylinder 7. In the normal working state of the battery pack, the side hole 10 and the waterproof breathable membrane 12 cooperate to block water vapor from entering the battery pack box body and allow air molecules to enter and flow out, meeting the waterproof and breathable requirements and adjusting the air pressure balance inside and outside the battery pack box body.

[0101] When an accident such as thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack, a large amount of high-temperature gas is generated, causing the air pressure inside the battery pack box body to rise rapidly. The high pressure acts on the spring cover, causing it to move towards the outside of the battery pack box body. At the same time, the spring 11 on the spring cover is further compressed. The explosion-proof plate body 5 moves away from the battery pack box body along with the spring cover, and the entire explosion-proof plate 4 pops out and opens. A certain gap is formed between the explosion-proof plate body 5 and the side plate of the battery pack box body. At this time, the inside of the battery pack box body will communicate with the external environment through the exhaust hole 3 on the side plate of the battery pack box body. The high-temperature airflow and ejected substances inside the battery pack box body will be quickly discharged to the external environment, realizing rapid smoke exhaust, gas exhaust, and heat dissipation when an accident such as thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack. After the efficient discharge is completed, the air pressure inside and outside the battery pack box body tends to balance, and the spring 11 resets, and the explosion-proof plate body 5 fits back on the outside of the side plate of the battery pack box body again.

[0102] A raised ring 13 can also be provided on the outer side surface of the side plate of the battery pack box body, which cooperates with the sealing ring 16 installed on the inner side of the side panel 15 of the explosion-proof plate body 5 to achieve sealing.

[0103] The size, external structure, and local cross-sectional shape of each component of the explosion-proof structure in this embodiment are not strictly limited and can be adaptively adjusted according to actual needs.

[0104] Example 3

[0105] This embodiment provides a battery pack, including a battery pack case, wherein a module is disposed inside the battery pack case, an electrical component compartment is disposed above the module, an upper cover is disposed above the electrical component compartment, and the upper cover is detachably connected to the battery pack case. The electrical component compartment contains electrical components.

[0106] A partition is also provided inside the battery pack box, and the partition is located between the module and the electrical component compartment, and the partition is used to separate the module and the electrical component compartment.

[0107] The partition is arranged horizontally, and the partition is fixedly connected or detachably connected to the battery pack box.

[0108] A mounting groove is provided on the side plate of the battery pack case. Preferably, the mounting groove is provided along the longitudinal direction of the side plate of the battery pack case.

[0109] The battery pack explosion-proof structure described in Example 1 is installed on the side panel of the battery pack case, wherein the size of the plug-in board 1 matches the size of the installation slot, and the plug-in board 1 can be slidably inserted into the installation slot. After the insertion is completed, the plug-in board 1 just completely fills the installation slot, so that the plug-in board 1 is equivalent to a part of the side panel of the battery pack case. The explosion-proof plate body 5 in the battery pack explosion-proof structure is arranged outside the battery pack case, and is connected to the plug-in board 1 through the exhaust hole opening actuator 6, and the exhaust hole opening actuator 6 is arranged inside the battery pack case.

[0110] The connector board 1 is inserted into the installation slot and fixedly connected to the side panel of the battery pack case. The fixed connection method can be a method of applying sealing structural glue on both sides of the connector board 1 and then inserting the connector board 1 into the installation slot, or a method of first inserting the connector board 1 into the installation slot and then pouring glue into the gap between the two. Of course, it is not limited to the above connection method by glue bonding, other connection methods are also possible, for example, welding and the like. The above method not only realizes the fixed connection between the connector board 1 and the side panel of the battery pack case, but also realizes the sealing between the connector board 1 and the side panel of the battery pack case.

[0111] For the convenience of the reliable insertion of the plug board 1, in this embodiment, the ends of the side plates of the battery pack box body on both sides of the installation groove are set to be semi-circular arcs. Arc-shaped grooves 2 adapted to the ends of the side plates of the battery pack box body are provided on both sides of the plug board 1, and the length direction of the arc-shaped grooves 2 is along the longitudinal direction. When the plug board 1 is connected to the side plates of the battery pack box body, the arc-shaped grooves 2 on both sides of the plug board 1 accommodate the ends of the side plates of the battery pack box body, and then the plug board 1 is pushed downward to enable the plug board 1 to be reliably inserted and installed in the installation groove. With the above structure, the installation of the plug board 1 is reliable, stable, and not prone to dislocation. Further, convex strips are first formed on both sides of the plug board 1 respectively, and then the arc-shaped grooves 2 are provided at the ends of the convex strips.

[0112] Of course, the matching manner between the plug board 1 and the side plates of the battery pack box body is not limited to the above manner. It is also possible to set the ends of both sides of the plug board 1 to be semi-circular arcs, and arc-shaped grooves 2 adapted thereto are provided at the ends of the side plates of the battery pack box body on both sides of the installation groove to achieve the reliable installation of the plug board 1.

[0113] At the same time, it is not limited to using a semi-circular arc mating surface. For example, a V-shaped or wavy mating surface can be used, as long as it is ensured that the plug board 1 is adapted to the side plates of the battery pack box body and the plug board 1 can be inserted into the installation groove.

[0114] In the battery pack provided in this embodiment, an explosion-proof structure is provided on the side plates of the battery pack box body, and the module is separated from the upper electrical component compartment by a partition plate, so that the module is located alone in the lower part of the battery pack box body. When an accident such as thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack, the generated high-temperature airflow and ejected substances are directly discharged through the explosion-proof structure on the side of the battery pack box body. Not only is the exhaust rate large and the exhaust distance short, and the high-temperature gas generated inside can be discharged more quickly and efficiently, but also the high-temperature airflow and ejected substances are prevented from flowing through the exhaust passage between the module and the battery pack box body or even entering the electrical component space part, eliminating the behavior that heat spread may be caused by the high-temperature airflow during the flow process and causing thermal runaway of other battery cells and damage to electrical components, protecting the electrical components and structures such as the upper cover.

[0115] Embodiment 4

[0116] This embodiment provides a battery pack. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 3 is that in this embodiment, the plug board 1 in Embodiment 3 is directly used as the side plate of the battery pack box body, and there is no need to assemble the plug board 1 by setting an installation groove.

[0117] Specifically, the battery pack includes a battery pack box body, a module is arranged inside the battery pack box body, an electrical component compartment is arranged above the module, an upper cover is arranged above the electrical component compartment, and the upper cover is detachably connected to the battery pack box body. The electrical component compartment houses electrical components.

[0118] A partition is further arranged inside the battery pack box body, the partition is located between the module and the electrical component compartment, and the partition is used to separate the module and the electrical component compartment.

[0119] The partition is horizontally arranged, and the partition is fixedly connected or detachably connected to the battery pack box body.

[0120] An exhaust hole 3 and a sliding hole are formed in the side plate of the battery pack box body, a battery pack explosion-proof plate 4 described in Embodiment 2 is arranged outside the side plate of the battery pack box body, the explosion-proof plate 4 includes an explosion-proof plate body 5 and an exhaust hole opening actuator 6, and the explosion-proof plate body 5 is slidably connected to the side plate of the battery pack box body through the exhaust hole opening actuator 6. The hollow cylinder 7 of the exhaust hole opening actuator 6 is inserted into the sliding hole, a limiting ring 8 arranged at the end of the hollow cylinder 7 is located inside the battery pack box body, and the size of the limiting ring 8 is larger than the size of the sliding hole. A spring 11 is sleeved on the hollow cylinder 7, one end of the spring 11 abuts against the limiting ring 8, the other end of the spring 11 abuts against the inner side surface of the side plate of the battery pack box body, the explosion-proof plate body 5 is located outside the side plate of the battery pack box body, and one end of the hollow cylinder 7 is connected to the explosion-proof plate body 5.

[0121] For the battery pack of this embodiment, the exhaust hole 3 is directly formed in the side plate of the battery pack box body, and the plug board 1 in Embodiment 3 is used as the side plate of the battery pack box body, eliminating the step of installing the plug board 1, which is beneficial to reducing the consumption of manpower and material resources in the manufacturing and assembly process of the battery pack box body, shortening the installation time, accelerating the production rhythm, and significantly reducing the production and manufacturing cost. At the same time, it can also quickly discharge smoke, exhaust gas and dissipate heat when accidents such as thermal runaway occur in the battery pack. After efficient emission, the air pressure inside and outside the battery pack box body tends to be balanced, and the explosion-proof plate 4 can also be reset.

[0122] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery pack explosion-proof structure, characterized in that: It includes a battery pack explosion-proof plate and a battery pack exhaust plate; Among them, exhaust holes are provided on the battery pack exhaust plate. The battery pack explosion-proof plate includes an explosion-proof plate body and an exhaust hole opening actuating member. The explosion-proof plate body is stacked on the battery pack exhaust plate and covers the exhaust holes; one end of the exhaust hole opening actuating member is connected to the explosion-proof plate body, and the other end of the exhaust hole opening actuating member passes through the battery pack exhaust plate. The exhaust hole opening actuating member has an elastic telescopic component capable of resetting; By compressing the elastic telescopic component of the exhaust hole opening actuating member, the explosion-proof plate body is separated from the battery pack exhaust plate to open the exhaust holes. By the reset of the elastic telescopic component of the exhaust hole opening actuating member, the explosion-proof plate body contacts the battery pack exhaust plate to re-close the exhaust holes.

2. The battery pack explosion-proof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The explosion-proof plate body and the exhaust hole opening actuating member are integrally formed structural parts.

3. The battery pack explosion-proof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end of the exhaust hole opening actuating member has a limiting component. In the state where the explosion-proof plate body contacts the battery pack exhaust plate, the elastic telescopic component is in a compressed state. One end of the elastic telescopic component abuts against the limiting component, and the other end abuts against the battery pack exhaust plate. The elastic telescopic component uses a spring.

4. The battery pack explosion-proof structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: A sliding hole is opened on the battery pack exhaust plate, and the exhaust hole opening actuating member passes through the sliding hole.

5. The battery pack explosion-proof structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The exhaust hole opening actuating member includes a cylinder and a limiting ring. One end of the cylinder is connected to the explosion-proof plate body, and the other end of the cylinder is connected to the limiting ring. The limiting ring serves as the limiting component, and the size of the limiting ring is larger than the size of the sliding hole.

6. The battery pack explosion-proof structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cylinder is a hollow cylinder. The internal space of the hollow cylinder serves as a ventilation channel. A side hole is opened at one end of the hollow cylinder connected to the explosion-proof plate body. The side hole is opened on the cylinder surface of the hollow cylinder; a ventilation membrane or a waterproof breathable membrane is provided inside the hollow cylinder.

7. The battery pack explosion-proof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of the exhaust hole opening actuating members are connected to the explosion-proof plate body, and the plurality of exhaust hole opening actuating members are arranged at intervals; the explosion-proof plate body adopts a cover body structure, which includes a cover plate, and side plates are arranged around the cover plate; the explosion-proof plate body is buckled on the battery pack exhaust plate.

8. The battery pack explosion-proof structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The exhaust hole opening actuating member adopts a spring cover. The spring cover includes a hollow cylinder and a circular limiting ring. The sliding hole is a circular hole. The outer diameter of the limiting ring is larger than the diameter of the sliding hole. A spring is sleeved outside the spring cover.

9. The explosion-proof structure of the battery pack according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: The exhaust plate of the battery pack adopts a metal structural member.

10. A battery pack, characterized in that: It includes a battery pack box body, a module is arranged inside the battery pack box body, and the explosion-proof structure of the battery pack according to any one of claims 1-9 is installed on the side plate of the battery pack box body. The side plate of the battery pack box body is the exhaust plate of the battery pack, and the explosion-proof plate body is located outside the battery pack box body; Alternatively, an installation groove is provided on the side plate of the battery pack box body, and the explosion-proof structure of the battery pack according to any one of claims 1-9 is installed at the installation groove. The size of the exhaust plate of the battery pack is adapted to the size of the installation groove. After the exhaust plate of the battery pack is installed in the installation groove, the exhaust plate of the battery pack serves as a part of the side plate of the battery pack box body, and the explosion-proof plate body is located outside the battery pack box body.

11. The battery pack according to claim 10, characterized in that: The exhaust plate of the battery pack can be slidably inserted into the installation groove so that the exhaust plate of the battery pack constitutes the side plate of the battery pack box body; or the exhaust plate of the battery pack can be slidably inserted into the installation groove, and the exhaust plate of the battery pack is installed on the side plate of the battery pack box body.

12. The battery pack according to claim 10, characterized in that: The ends of the side plates of the battery pack box body on both sides of the installation groove are adapted to the mating surfaces on both sides of the exhaust plate of the battery pack; the mating surfaces are arc-shaped, V-shaped or wavy.

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