Battery module and battery pack
The fire-resistant layer with aligned vents in the battery module design addresses the issue of heat spread by containing and isolating thermal events within the module, reducing the risk of whole-pack thermal runaway.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421903723.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-15
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-07
AI Technical Summary
The prior art can only protect the top of the battery module and cannot suppress the spread of heat between adjacent modules, which may lead to thermal runaway at the whole pack level.
Fireproof layers are arranged on the top, first and second sides of the battery module, and multiple flow guide holes are provided on the fireproof layer, and fixed by introducing aluminum bars and end plates, ensuring that the fireproof layer covers the module body, the flow guide holes are arranged corresponding to the explosion-proof valve of the battery core, and high-temperature substances are discharged through the flow guide holes to avoid heat spreading.
Effectively avoid electrical connection failure and thermal spread between the battery cells, reduce the risk of thermal runaway at the entire package level, and improve the thermal safety of the battery module.
Smart Images
Figure CN223109150U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of batteries, and particularly to a battery module and a battery pack. Background Art
[0002] A battery pack is crucial for modern energy storage technology. It can store and provide electrical energy and is widely used in fields such as electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and electronic devices. When the battery module in the battery pack faces potential risks such as short circuit, external puncture, and overcharge, it may undergo a violent reaction, leading to thermal runaway of the battery module, which poses safety hazards and even causes personal and property losses. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the thermal safety of the battery pack.
[0003] Related technologies protect the battery module by setting a fireproof layer on the top of the battery module. However, related technologies can only protect the top of the battery module and cannot inhibit the spread of heat between adjacent modules, which may lead to thermal runaway at the pack level.
[0004] Correspondingly, a new technical solution is needed in this field to solve the above problems. Summary of the Utility Model
[0005] To solve at least one of the above problems in the prior art, that is, to solve the problem that related technologies can only protect the top of the battery module and cannot inhibit the spread of heat between adjacent modules, which may lead to thermal runaway at the pack level.
[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a battery module, which includes: a module body including a top surface, a first side surface and a second side surface located on both sides of the top surface. When a plurality of battery modules are arranged side by side, the first side surface faces the adjacent battery module, and a cell explosion-proof valve is provided on the top surface; and a fireproof layer covering at least the top surface, the first side surface and the second side surface; wherein, a plurality of diversion holes are provided in the fireproof layer, and the diversion holes are correspondingly provided above the cell explosion-proof valve.
[0007] In some embodiments, an aluminum bar is provided on the module body, and the fireproof layer covers the aluminum bar.
[0008] In some embodiments, the fireproof layer includes a first area for covering the top surface. The module body further includes: an end plate, and a first fixing hole is provided on the upper end surface of the end plate. Among them, a first connection hole is provided at the edge of the first area close to the end plate, a second connection hole is provided on the aluminum bar, and the first connection hole, the second connection hole and the first fixing hole correspond to each other one by one; an aluminum bar fastener for sequentially passing through the first connection hole, the second connection hole and the first fixing hole to fix the fireproof layer and the aluminum bar to the end plate.
[0009] In some embodiments, a module fixing hole is further formed in the upper end surface of the end plate, and a third connection hole is correspondingly formed near the edge of the end plate in the first region; wherein, the battery module further includes: a module fixing member for sequentially passing through the third connection hole and the module fixing hole to fix the first region to the end plate.
[0010] In some embodiments, the fireproof layer includes a second region for covering the first side surface, and the end plate includes a first end surface facing the second region; wherein, a plurality of second fixing holes are formed in the first end surface, and a plurality of fourth connection holes are correspondingly formed near the edge of the second region close to the first end surface; the module body further includes: a first fastener for sequentially passing through the fourth connection hole and the second fixing hole to fix the second region to the first end surface.
[0011] In some embodiments, the fireproof layer includes a third region for covering the second side surface, and the end plate includes a second end surface facing the third region; wherein, a plurality of third fixing holes are formed in the second end surface, and a plurality of fifth connection holes are correspondingly formed near the edge of the third region close to the second end surface; the module body further includes: a second fastener for sequentially passing through the fifth connection hole and the third fixing hole to fix the third region to the second end surface.
[0012] In some embodiments, the battery module further includes a cable tie for tying the fireproof layer tightly to the surface of the module body.
[0013] In some embodiments, the module body includes two end plates, and each end plate includes a first end side and a second end side perpendicular to the top surface; wherein, at least one first positioning notch is formed in the first end side, and a second positioning notch is correspondingly formed in the second end side, and the cable tie is adapted to be snapped into the first positioning notch and the second positioning notch.
[0014] In some embodiments, the fireproof layer is a fireproof cloth; and / or, the shape of the diversion hole matches the shape of the explosion-proof valve of the battery cell.
[0015] In a second aspect, the present application provides a battery pack, and the battery pack includes the above-mentioned battery module.
[0016] On the premise of adopting the above technical solution, in this application, the fireproof layer of the battery module wraps the top surface, the first side surface and the second side surface of the module body, and the fireproof layer is provided with a plurality of diversion holes corresponding to the explosion-proof valves of the battery cells. In this way, when a thermal runaway occurs in the battery cells inside the battery module, the high-temperature substances generated by the thermal runaway pass through the corresponding explosion-proof valves of the battery cells and the diversion holes, and are sprayed above the fireproof layer on the top surface of the module body. The high-temperature substances are discharged from the battery module through the explosion-proof valves of the battery cells and the diversion holes, and the high-temperature substances are separated from the module body by the fireproof layer on the top surface of the module body, which can avoid the failure of the electrical connection between the battery cells caused by the high-temperature substances, and can also avoid the series thermal spread of the battery cells inside the battery module. In addition, by providing fireproof layers on the two side surfaces of the module body, when a thermal runaway occurs in the battery module, it can play an insulating and protective role, and the heat will not be transferred to adjacent battery modules, which is beneficial to reducing the risk of thermal spread between battery modules, and thus is beneficial to reducing the risk of thermal runaway at the whole-pack level. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] The following describes the preferred embodiments of this application with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the module body in this application;
[0019] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery module in this application;
[0020] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the fireproof layer in this application;
[0021] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the end plate in this application;
[0022] Figure 5 is Figure 2 a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the battery module in
[0023] REFERENCE MARKS:
[0024] 100, module body; 101, top surface; 102, first side surface; 103, second side surface; 104, lead-out aluminum bar; 1041, second connection hole; 105, explosion-proof valve of battery cell; 106, end plate; 1061, first fixing hole; 1062, module fixing hole; 1063, first end face; 1064, second fixing hole; 1065, first positioning notch; 1066, second positioning notch;
[0025] 200, fireproof layer; 201, diversion hole; 202, first region; 2021, first connection hole; 2022, third connection hole; 203, second region; 2031, fourth connection hole; 204, third region; 2041, fifth connection hole;
[0026] 300. Cable tie Detailed implementation manner
[0027] The preferred implementation manners of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art should understand that these implementation manners are only used to explain the technical principle of the present application and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Those skilled in the art can make adjustments according to needs to adapt to specific application scenarios. Such changes in the application scenarios do not deviate from the basic principle of the present application and belong to the protection scope of the present application.
[0028] In the embodiments of the present application, the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "middle", "outer", "front", "rear", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are mainly used to better describe the embodiments of the present application and their embodiments, and are not used to limit that the indicated devices, elements or components must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. And, in addition to being able to represent the orientation or positional relationship, some of the above terms may also be used to represent other meanings. For example, the term "upper" may also be used to represent a certain attachment relationship or connection relationship in some cases. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of these terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0029] It should be noted that in the description of this preferred implementation manner, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "communicated" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can also be the connection inside two elements. These should not be understood as a limitation to the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" are only used for descriptive purposes. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0030] The battery cell is the smallest unit of the power battery and also the electric energy storage unit. The battery cell has a relatively high energy density to store as much electric energy as possible, so that the electrical equipment (such as an electric vehicle) has a longer endurance. When multiple battery cells are encapsulated together by the same outer shell frame and communicate with the outside through a unified boundary, this forms a module. And when several modules are jointly controlled or managed by the BMS (i.e., Battery Management System) and the thermal management system, this unified whole is called a battery pack.
[0031] In a first aspect, the present application provides a battery module.
[0032] Combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the battery module provided by the present application includes a module body 100 and a fireproof layer 200.
[0033] The module body 100 includes a top surface 101, a first side surface 102, and a second side surface 103. The first side surface 102 and the second side surface 103 are located on opposite sides of the top surface 101. When multiple battery modules are arranged side by side, the first side surface 102 faces the adjacent battery module. The top surface 101 of the module body 100 is provided with a cell explosion-proof valve 105.
[0034] The fireproof layer 200 at least covers the top surface 101, the first side surface 102, and the second side surface 103. Among them, the fireproof layer 200 is provided with a plurality of diversion holes 201, and the diversion holes 201 are correspondingly arranged above the cell explosion-proof valve 105.
[0035] On the premise of adopting the above technical solution, the fireproof layer 200 of the battery module in the present application covers the top surface 101, the first side surface 102, and the second side surface 103 of the module body 100, and the fireproof layer 200 is provided with a plurality of diversion holes 201 corresponding to the cell explosion-proof valve 105. Thus, when a thermal runaway occurs in the cells inside the battery module, the high-temperature substances generated by the thermal runaway pass through the corresponding cell explosion-proof valve 105 and the diversion holes 201, and are sprayed above the fireproof layer 200 on the top surface 101 of the module body 100. The high-temperature substances are discharged from the battery module through the cell explosion-proof valve 105 and the diversion holes 201, and the high-temperature substances are separated from the module body 100 by the fireproof layer 200 on the top surface of the module body, which can avoid the failure of the electrical connection between the cells caused by the high-temperature substances, and can also avoid the series thermal spread of the cells inside the battery module. In addition, by providing the fireproof layer 200 on the two side surfaces of the module body 100, when a thermal runaway occurs in the battery module, it can play an insulating and protective role, and the heat will not be transferred to the adjacent battery module, which is beneficial to reducing the risk of thermal spread between the battery modules, and thus is beneficial to reducing the risk of thermal runaway at the whole-pack level.
[0036] In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 5 The module body 100 is provided with an outgoing aluminum bar 104, and the fireproof layer 200 covers the outgoing aluminum bar 104. By making the fireproof layer 200 cover the outgoing aluminum bar 104, it is possible to prevent personnel from touching the outgoing aluminum bar 104. Thus, there is no need to set a high-voltage protection cover, which can reduce the cost of the battery pack while ensuring safety.
[0037] Among them, the outgoing aluminum bar is used to connect multiple cells in series to form a power battery that can output a certain current or provide a certain voltage.
[0038] For the fireproof layer 200, as shown in Figure 3As shown, the fireproof layer 200 includes a first area 202 for covering the top surface 101, a second area 203 for covering the first side surface 102, and a third area 204 for covering the second side surface 103.
[0039] Optionally, the fireproof layer 200 is a fireproof cloth. The fireproof cloth is a high-performance protective material with excellent fireproof, heat insulation, and insulation properties, and has a relatively thin thickness and good flexibility. By setting the fireproof layer as a fireproof cloth, the fireproof layer can closely cover the module body, while ensuring the fireproof and insulating properties of the fireproof layer.
[0040] When high-temperature substances ejected during the thermal runaway of the battery cell pass through the diversion holes 201 and fall on the surface of the fireproof cloth, the fireproof cloth on the top surface 101 of the module body 100 can prevent heat from being transferred to the surfaces of other battery cells, thereby avoiding the failure of electrical connections between battery cells and preventing thermal propagation in series of battery cells. Even if there is an open fire during the thermal runaway of the battery cell, the fireproof cloth has a flame-retardant effect and can prevent the spread of the open fire. The fireproof cloth on both sides of the module body 100 can play a role in insulation protection, and heat will not be transferred to adjacent battery modules, which is beneficial to reducing the risk of thermal propagation between battery modules, and thus beneficial to reducing the risk of thermal runaway at the whole-pack level.
[0041] In the related art, the fireproof layer usually uses heat insulation and protection materials such as mica plates, mica composite tapes, aerogels, and fireproof felts to protect the battery module. However, mica plates are prone to delamination, fracture, and powder shedding; mica composite tapes are mostly fixed by gluing, which is prone to degumming and not easy to mass-produce; the aerogel has good heat insulation and temperature resistance, and most of them are fixed by gluing, but they are mostly used between battery cells and are not easy to fix on the surface of the battery module; the fireproof felt has a large thickness and weight, and poor heat dissipation performance, resulting in low space utilization. In this application, a fireproof cloth is used as the fireproof layer, which has excellent fireproof, insulating, and flexible properties. At the same time, the fireproof cloth has a relatively thin thickness, which is beneficial to saving space. It is fixed on the module body by fixing methods such as snap connection, screw connection, and tie-rod connection, which can ensure the flatness and firmness of the fireproof cloth.
[0042] In some embodiments, in combination with Figure 1 and Figure 5 As shown, the module body 100 further includes an end plate 106 and an aluminum bar fastener for lead-out. A first fixing hole 1061 is provided on the upper end surface of the end plate 106. Among them, in combination with Figure 3 and Figure 5As shown, a first connection hole 2021 is provided near the edge of the end plate 106 in the first region 202, and a second connection hole 1041 is provided in the lead aluminum bar 104. The first connection hole 2021, the second connection hole 1041, and the first fixing hole 1061 correspond to each other one by one. A lead aluminum bar fastener (not shown in the figure) is used to sequentially pass through the first connection hole 2021, the second connection hole 1041, and the first fixing hole 1061 to fix the fireproof layer 200 and the lead aluminum bar 104 to the end plate 106. In this embodiment, by means of the lead aluminum bar fastener to fix the first region 202, only the first connection hole 2021 needs to be provided at the corresponding position of the first region 202. With the original fixing structure of the lead aluminum bar 104, the first region 202 of the fireproof layer 200 can be preliminarily fixed. This fixing method is simple, firm and easy to operate, and is also beneficial to cost reduction.
[0043] Optionally, the first fixing hole 1061 is provided with an internal thread, the lead aluminum bar fastener is a bolt, and the lead aluminum bar fastener is fixed to the first fixing hole 1061 by threaded connection.
[0044] It can be understood that the module body 100 includes two end plates 106, and the two end plates 106 are arranged at opposite ends of the top surface 101. The structures of the two end plates 106 are the same.
[0045] In some embodiments, in combination with Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a module fixing hole 1062 is further provided on the upper end surface of the end plate 106. A third connection hole 2022 is correspondingly provided near the edge of the first region 202 close to the end plate 106. Among them, the battery module further includes a module fixing member (not shown in the figure), and the module fixing member is used to sequentially pass through the third connection hole 2022 and the module fixing hole 1062 to fix the first region 202 to the end plate 106. In this embodiment, by means of the module fixing member to further fix the first region 202, only the third connection hole 2022 needs to be provided at the corresponding position of the first region 202. With the original fixing structure of the battery module, the first region 202 of the fireproof layer 200 can be further fixed. This fixing method is simple, firm and easy to operate, and is also beneficial to improving the flatness of the fireproof layer and further reducing the cost.
[0046] Optionally, the third connection hole 2022 is provided with an internal thread, the module fixing member is a bolt, and the module fixing member is fixed to the third connection hole 2022 by threaded connection.
[0047] In some embodiments, in combination with Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the end plate 106 includes a first end face 1063 facing the second region 203. Among them, a plurality of second fixing holes 1064 are provided on the first end face 1063, and a plurality of fourth connection holes 2031 are correspondingly provided at the edge of the second region 203 close to the first end face 1063. The module body 100 further includes a plurality of first fasteners, and the first fasteners are used to sequentially pass through the fourth connection holes 2031 and the second fixing holes 1064 to fix the second region 203 to the first end face 1063. By fixing the second region 203 of the fireproof layer to the end plate 106 with the first fasteners, the operation is simple and the flatness of the second region 203 can be ensured without wrinkles.
[0048] Optionally, the first fastener is a staple, the second fixing hole 1064 is a card hole, and the first fastener is fixed to the card hole by a snap connection.
[0049] Optionally, along the extension direction of the first end face 1063, a plurality of second fixing holes 1064 are provided, and the second fixing holes 1064 avoid the first positioning notch 1065. In this way, the fireproof cloth on the side of the module body 100 can be fixed at multiple points, which can improve the flatness and firmness of the fixing. The opening positions of the second fixing holes 1064 avoid the fixing positions of the cable ties, which can avoid affecting the subsequent fixing of the cable ties.
[0050] In some embodiments, the end plate 106 includes a second end face (not shown in the figure) facing the third region 204. Among them, a plurality of third fixing holes (not shown in the figure) are provided on the second end face, and a plurality of fifth connection holes 2041 are correspondingly provided at the edge of the third region close to the second end face. The module body 100 further includes a second fastener, and the second fastener is used to sequentially pass through the fifth connection holes 2041 and the third fixing holes to fix the third region 204 to the second end face of the end plate 106. By fixing the third region 204 of the fireproof layer to the end plate 106 with the second fastener, the operation is simple and the flatness of the third region 204 can be ensured without wrinkles.
[0051] Optionally, the second fastener is a staple, the third fixing hole is a card hole, and the second fastener is fixed to the card hole by a snap connection.
[0052] Optionally, along the extension direction of the second end face, a plurality of third fixing holes are provided, and the third fixing holes avoid the second positioning notch 1066. In this way, the fireproof cloth on the side of the module body 100 can be fixed at multiple points, which can improve the flatness and firmness of the fixing. The opening positions of the third fixing holes avoid the fixing positions of the cable ties, which can avoid affecting the subsequent fixing of the cable ties.
[0053] In some embodiments, in combination with Figure 2As shown, the battery module further includes a cable tie 300, which is used to tie the fireproof layer 200 tightly to the surface of the module body 100. Fixed by the cable tie 300, it is beneficial to further improve the fixing strength and flatness of the fireproof layer 200.
[0054] In some embodiments, in combination with Figure 4 As shown, the module body 100 includes two end plates 106, and each end plate 106 includes a first end side and a second end side perpendicular to the top surface 101. Among them, at least one first positioning notch 1065 is formed on the first end side, and a second positioning notch 1066 is correspondingly formed on the second end side. The cable tie 300 is adapted to be snapped into the first positioning notch 1065 and the second positioning notch 1066. By respectively forming the first positioning notch 1065 and the second positioning notch 1066 on the first end side and the second end side of the end plate 106, a clear snapping position is provided for the cable tie 300. This design ensures that the cable tie 300 can be accurately fixed on the module body 100, avoiding the problem of insecure fixing caused by position deviation or loosening. At the same time, due to the existence of the positioning notch, the cable tie 300 can be quickly and accurately fixed on the module body 100 without the need for additional tools or complex operations, which not only improves the installation efficiency but also reduces the operation difficulty.
[0055] In some embodiments, the shape of the diversion hole 201 matches the shape of the cell explosion-proof valve 105. For example, in combination with Figure 3 As shown, the shape of the diversion hole 201 is oval. By making the shape of the diversion hole 201 match the shape of the cell explosion-proof valve 105, it can ensure that the high-temperature substances ejected during the thermal runaway of the cell can pass smoothly through the diversion hole 201.
[0056] In a second aspect, the present application provides a battery pack.
[0057] The battery pack provided by the present application includes the above-mentioned battery module. Since the battery pack includes the above-mentioned battery module, the battery pack provided by the present application includes all the beneficial effects of the above-mentioned battery module, which will not be elaborated one by one here.
[0058] So far, the technical solutions of the present application have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present application is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present application, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A battery module, characterized in that, The battery module includes: A module body, including a top surface and a first side surface and a second side surface located on both sides of the top surface. When multiple battery modules are arranged side by side, the first side surface faces the adjacent battery module, and a battery core explosion-proof valve is provided on the top surface; and A fireproof layer that at least covers the top surface, the first side surface, and the second side surface; wherein, a plurality of diversion holes are provided in the fireproof layer, and the diversion holes are correspondingly arranged above the battery core explosion-proof valve.
2. The battery module according to claim 1, wherein The module body is provided with an outgoing aluminum bar, and the fireproof layer covers the outgoing aluminum bar.
3. The battery module according to claim 2, wherein, The fireproof layer includes a first area for covering the top surface, and the module body further includes: An end plate, on the upper end surface of which a first fixing hole is opened. Wherein, a first connection hole is opened at an edge of the first area close to the end plate, a second connection hole is opened in the outgoing aluminum bar, and the first connection hole, the second connection hole, and the first fixing hole correspond to each other one by one; An outgoing aluminum bar fastener for sequentially passing through the first connection hole, the second connection hole, and the first fixing hole to fix the fireproof layer and the outgoing aluminum bar to the end plate.
4. The battery module according to claim 3, wherein The upper end surface of the end plate is further provided with a module fixing hole, and a third connection hole is correspondingly opened at an edge of the first area close to the end plate; wherein, the battery module further includes: A module fixing member for sequentially passing through the third connection hole and the module fixing hole to fix the first area to the end plate.
5. The battery module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fireproof layer includes a second area for covering the first side surface, and the end plate includes a first end surface facing the second area; wherein, a plurality of second fixing holes are provided on the first end surface, and a plurality of fourth connection holes are correspondingly provided at an edge of the second area close to the first end surface; The module body further includes: A first fastener for sequentially passing through the fourth connection hole and the second fixing hole to fix the second area to the first end surface.
6. The battery module according to claim 3, wherein The fireproof layer includes a third area for covering the second side surface, and the end plate includes a second end surface facing the third area; wherein, a plurality of third fixing holes are provided on the second end surface, and a plurality of fifth connection holes are correspondingly provided at an edge of the third area close to the second end surface; The module body further includes: A second fastener for sequentially passing through the fifth connection hole and the third fixing hole to fix the third area to the second end surface.
7. The battery module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The battery module further includes a cable tie for tying the fireproof layer tightly to the surface of the module body.
8. The battery module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The module body includes two of the end plates, and each end plate includes a first end side and a second end side perpendicular to the top surface; wherein, at least one first positioning notch is opened on the first end side, and a second positioning notch is correspondingly opened on the second end side, and the cable tie is adapted to be inserted into the first positioning notch and the second positioning notch.
9. The battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The fireproof layer is a fireproof cloth; and / or, the shape of the diversion hole matches the shape of the battery core explosion-proof valve.
10. A battery pack, characterized in that, The battery pack includes the battery module according to any one of claims 1 to 9.