Plate turning device of supporting plate for building block production

Abstract

The utility model discloses a plate turning device of a supporting plate for building block production, and belongs to the technical field of building block production. Comprising a front plate pushing machine, a rear plate pushing machine and a plate turnover machine arranged between the front plate pushing machine and the rear plate pushing machine, and each of the front plate pushing machine and the rear plate pushing machine comprises two sliding rails, a sliding frame and a plurality of pushing claw assemblies; the rear plate pushing machine is arranged in the left-right direction; the front plate pushing machine is arranged in the front-back direction. The plate turnover machine comprises a turnover shaft, a driving structure and two plate turnover arms; the two plate turnover arms are located on the inner sides of the sliding rails on the corresponding sides of the front plate pushing machine, and the rear ends of the two plate turnover arms are located between the two sliding rails of the rear plate pushing machine. The middle part of the turning plate arm is fixed on the turning shaft, and the front and rear ends of the turning plate arm are respectively provided with a strip-shaped notch along the front and rear directions; a group of pushing claw components are arranged at the rear end of the sliding frame of the front plate pushing machine and move backwards to push the supporting plate backwards into the strip-shaped notch in the front; the left end of a sliding frame of the rear plate pushing machine is provided with a set of pushing claw assemblies which are located on the left rear side of the front plate pushing machine, the front side of the left end of the sliding frame is provided with an avoiding notch, and a sliding rail in front of the avoiding notch is provided with a rotating fracture.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of block production, and particularly relates to a turning plate device for a pallet used in block production. Background Art

[0002] A block is a large-sized block-shaped building product larger than a clay brick. The raw materials of blocks are widely sourced and diverse in variety, and can be obtained locally with low prices. They are classified into three categories according to size: large, medium, and small. According to materials, they are divided into concrete, cement mortar, aerated concrete, fly ash silicate, coal gangue, artificial ceramsite, slag waste and other blocks. According to the structural configuration, blocks are divided into two types: dense and hollow, and the hollow ones have round holes, square holes, elliptical holes, single-row holes, multi-row holes and other hollow blocks. Both dense or hollow blocks can be used as load-bearing walls and partition walls.

[0003] Blocks are usually formed on pallets and transported by pallets. The empty pallets are recycled.

[0004] For example, the patent with the application number CN200910263984.1 discloses a mobile block solar curing production line, including a blanking machine, a plate feeder, a molding machine, a bridge, a brick pusher, a plate loader, a front transverse movement mechanism, a layered curing trolley located on one side of the entrance of the solar energy collection chamber, a rear transverse movement mechanism at the end of the solar energy collection chamber and a longitudinal rear propulsion mechanism corresponding to one side end; on the side of the exit of the solar energy collection chamber, there are a plate unloading machine, a splitting pusher, a brick pusher, a turning plate machine, a dry area operation rack, and a plate loading machine connected to the plate feeder; a gathering machine and a block palletizing manipulator are arranged side by side on one side of the brick pusher.

[0005] For the transportation of pallets, a plate pusher can be used to achieve it.

[0006] For example, the patent with the application number CN201620275125.X discloses a dry inspection plate pusher for a block molding machine, including a push claw beam, a bearing seat, a bearing and a push claw; the bearing seat is fixedly installed on the push claw beam, and the push claw is rotatably installed on the bearing seat through the bearing; the push claw is divided into a gravity end and a thrust end based on the bearing, and with the bearing as the support point, the self-gravity moment of the gravity end is larger than the self-gravity moment of the thrust end, and the self-gravity moment refers to the moment generated under the action of gravity.

[0007] For example, the patent with the application number CN201320396774.1 discloses an anvil pushing structure for a block molding machine, including a frame and a walking frame. A rotating shaft is horizontally arranged on the walking frame, and a push claw is pivotally connected to each end of the rotating shaft. The push claw includes a pallet part, a rotating part and a pushing part integrally formed. The rotating part is pivotally connected to the rotating shaft, and an obtuse angle is provided between the pallet part and the pushing part.

[0008] The existing turning plate device includes a front pusher, a rear pusher and a turning plate machine between them, etc. The front pusher and the rear pusher are both arranged along the front-rear direction and each includes two slide rails arranged side by side left and right, a carriage that can move in the front-rear direction between the two slide rails, and multiple groups of push claw assemblies arranged side by side front and rear on the carriage, etc. The structure of the turning plate machine can be referred to the description with the application number CN201820301600.5. That is, in the prior art, at the turning plate machine, it realizes backward input and backward output.

[0009] During the production process of building blocks, the movement track of the pallet is circular. The pallet needs to realize flipping and direction changing respectively during the conveying process, and the process is relatively complex. Utility Model Content

[0010] To solve the above problems, the embodiment of the present utility model provides a turning plate device for a pallet used in building block production, which can simultaneously realize the flipping and direction changing of the pallet on the basis of the pusher conveying the pallet. The technical solution is as follows:

[0011] The embodiment of the present utility model provides a turning plate device for a pallet used in building block production. The device includes a front pusher 2, a rear pusher 3 and a turning plate machine 4 between them. The front pusher 2 and the rear pusher 3 each include two slide rails 5 arranged side by side, a carriage 6 that can move along the direction where the slide rails 5 are located between the two slide rails 5, and multiple groups of push claw assemblies 7 on the carriage 6. The multiple groups of push claw assemblies 7 are arranged at equal intervals in the direction where the slide rails 5 are located; the rear pusher 3 is arranged along the left-right direction; the front pusher 2 is arranged along the front-rear direction, which is directly in front of the left end of the rear pusher 3 and is flush with the rear pusher 3; the turning plate machine 4 is located at the rear end of the front pusher 2 and includes a turning shaft 41 arranged along the left-right direction, a driving structure for driving the turning shaft 41 to flip 180°, and two turning plate arms 42 arranged side by side left and right on the turning shaft 41; the front parts of the two turning plate arms 42 are located inside the slide rails 5 on the corresponding side of the front pusher 2, and their rear ends are located between the two slide rails 5 of the rear pusher 3; the turning plate arms 42 are arranged along the front-rear direction, the middle parts of which are fixed on the turning shaft 41, and bar-shaped notches 43 for accommodating the pallet 1 are provided at both the front and rear ends along the front-rear direction; the front bar-shaped notch 43 is flush with the slide rail 5 of the front pusher 2, and the rear bar-shaped notch 43 is flush with the slide rail 5 of the rear pusher 3; a group of push claw assemblies 7 is provided at the rear end of the carriage 6 of the front pusher 2, and it moves backward to push the pallet 1 backward into the front bar-shaped notch 43; a group of push claw assemblies 7 is provided at the left end of the carriage 6 of the rear pusher 3, which is located at the left rear side of the front pusher 7. An avoidance notch 8 for cooperating with the two turning plate arms 42 and enabling the carriage 6 to move left and right is provided at the front left side of its carriage 6, and rotary break openings 9 for respectively accommodating the two turning plate arms 42 and allowing the turning plate arms 42 to rotate are provided on the front slide rail 5.

[0012] Further, the forward pusher 2 and the rear pusher 3 in the embodiments of the present utility model further include two L-shaped guiding strips 10, and the L-shaped guiding strips 10 are parallel to the slide rails 5; the two L-shaped guiding strips 10 are respectively located outside the slide rails 5 on the corresponding sides, and are respectively located adjacent to and below the corresponding ends of the pallet 1; the horizontal arms of the L-shaped guiding strips 10 are horizontally arranged and are located adjacent to and below the corresponding ends of the pallet 1; the vertical arms of the L-shaped guiding strips 10 are vertically arranged and are located adjacent to and outside the corresponding ends of the pallet 1.

[0013] Specifically, each set of pusher claw assemblies 7 in the embodiments of the present utility model includes two pusher claws arranged side by side; for the forward pusher 2: the slide rails 5, the carriage 6 and the L-shaped guiding strips 10 are all arranged in the front-back direction, the carriage 6 can reciprocate in the front-back direction, multiple sets of pusher claw assemblies 7 are arranged side by side in the front-back direction and the two pusher claws thereon are arranged side by side in the left-right direction, the pusher claws are rotatably arranged on the carriage 6 through left-right direction rotating shafts and are arranged obliquely downward from front to back; the two L-shaped guiding strips 10 are respectively located adjacent to and below the left and right ends of the pallet 1; for the rear pusher 3: the slide rails 5, the carriage 6 and the L-shaped guiding strips 10 are all arranged in the left-right direction, the carriage 6 can reciprocate in the left-right direction, multiple sets of pusher claw assemblies 7 are arranged side by side in the left-right direction and the two pusher claws thereon are arranged side by side in the front-back direction, the pusher claws are rotatably arranged on the carriage 6 through front-back direction rotating shafts and are arranged obliquely upward from left to right; the two L-shaped guiding strips 10 are respectively located adjacent to and below the front and back ends of the pallet 1.

[0014] Wherein, the carriage 6 in the embodiments of the present utility model is of a rectangular frame structure, and the two pusher claws are respectively rotatably arranged on the inner sides of two opposite frame sides of the carriage 6; the avoidance notch 8 is a rectangular notch arranged in the front-back direction, its front side and left side are open, its rear side is located behind the rear end of the flap arm 42, and its right side is located on the right side of the right flap arm 42.

[0015] Wherein, the strip-shaped notch 43 in the embodiments of the present utility model is a rectangular notch, its depth is greater than 1 / 2 of the front-back length of the pallet 1 and less than the length of the pallet 1, the end away from the rotation shaft 41 is a flared opening, and its lower side is located adjacent to and below the plane where the slide rail 5 is located.

[0016] Wherein, the surface of the slide rail 5 in the embodiments of the present utility model is smooth, and the two flap arms 42 are respectively located inside the two adjacent slide rails 5 of the forward pusher 2.

[0017] Wherein, the rotation break 9 in the embodiments of the present utility model is arranged in the front-back direction, and the rear parts of the two flap arms 42 are respectively located in the two rotation breaks 9.

[0018] Furthermore, at the rear side of the left end of the rear pusher 3 in the embodiment of the present utility model and directly behind the turning machine 4, there are multiple guiding rods 11 arranged side by side from left to right; the guiding rods 11 are arranged vertically, with their upper parts slanting backward from bottom to top and their lower parts located adjacent to the rear of the pallet 1.

[0019] The beneficial effects brought by the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present utility model are as follows: The embodiment of the present utility model provides a turning device for a pallet used in block production, which realizes the turning and reversing of the pallet while the pusher conveys the pallet, simplifies the process, and saves space. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the turning device for a pallet used in block production in the embodiment of the present utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic structural diagram when the pallet is input;

[0022] Figure 3 is Figure 1 a schematic structural diagram when the pallet is output;

[0023] Figure 4 is Figure 1 a schematic structural diagram when the pallet is conveyed to the right on the rear pusher;

[0024] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram when the turning machine is feeding;

[0025] Figure 6 is a schematic structural diagram when the turning machine is turning;

[0026] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram when the turning machine is discharging.

[0027] In the figure: 1 pallet, 2 front pusher, 3 rear pusher, 4 turning machine, 5 slide rail, 6 slide carriage, 7 pushing claw assembly, 8 avoiding notch, 9 rotating notch, 10 L-shaped guiding strip, 11 guiding rod;

[0028] 41 turning shaft, 42 turning arm, 43 strip-shaped notch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] See Figures 1-7, Embodiment 1 provides a turning device for a pallet used in block production. The device includes a front pusher 2, a rear pusher 3, a turning machine 4 therebetween, etc.

[0032] Among them, the front pusher 2 is arranged along the front-rear direction. It is located directly in front of the left end of the rear pusher 3 (for the convenience of description, it is defined that the front pusher 2 is directly in front of the left end of the rear pusher 3, but this is not a limitation of this patent), and it is flush with the rear pusher 3. A set of push claw assemblies 7 (used to move backward to push the pallet 1 backward into the front strip-shaped notch 43) are provided at the rear end of its carriage 6. The front pusher 2 includes two slide rails 5 arranged side by side left and right, a carriage 6 that can move back and forth between the two slide rails 5, multiple groups of push claw assemblies 7 arranged side by side front and rear on the carriage 6, and two L-shaped guiding bars 10 arranged side by side left and right, etc. The slide rails 5, the carriage 6, and the L-shaped guiding bars 10 are all arranged along the front-rear direction, and the carriage 6 can reciprocate back and forth (driven by corresponding structures). The two L-shaped guiding bars 10 are respectively located outside the corresponding side slide rails 5, and are respectively located adjacent to the lower sides of the left and right ends of the pallet 1. The horizontal arm of the L-shaped guiding bar 10 is horizontally arranged and is located adjacent to the lower side of the corresponding end (left end or right end) of the pallet 1. The vertical arm of the L-shaped guiding bar 10 is vertically arranged and is located adjacent to the outer side of the corresponding end (left end or right end) of the pallet 1.

[0033] Among them, the rear pusher 3 is arranged along the left-right direction. A set of push claw assemblies 7 (used to pull the pallet 1 to the right) are provided at the left end of its carriage 6. The rear pusher 3 includes two slide rails 5 arranged side by side front and rear, a carriage 6 that can move left and right between the two slide rails 5, multiple groups of push claw assemblies 7 arranged side by side left and right on the carriage 6, and two L-shaped guiding bars 10 arranged side by side front and rear, etc. The slide rails 5, the carriage 6, and the L-shaped guiding bars 10 are all arranged along the left-right direction, and the carriage 6 can reciprocate left and right (driven by corresponding structures). The two L-shaped guiding bars 10 are respectively located outside the corresponding side slide rails 5, and are respectively located adjacent to the lower sides of the front and rear ends of the pallet 1 (after commutation and flipping). The horizontal arm of the L-shaped guiding bar 10 is horizontally arranged and is located adjacent to the lower side of the corresponding end (front end or rear end) of the pallet 1. The vertical arm of the L-shaped guiding bar 10 is vertically arranged and is located adjacent to the outer side of the corresponding end (front end or rear end) of the pallet 1.

[0034] Specifically, the carriage 6 is of a rectangular frame structure and is slidably arranged (can be slidably arranged on the ground or the corresponding frame). The surface of the slide rail 5 is smooth, and the two turning arms 42 are respectively located adjacent to the inner sides of the two slide rails 5 of the front pusher 2. The push claw assemblies 7 are arranged at equal intervals. The distance between adjacent two groups of push claw assemblies 7 on the front pusher 2 is greater than the length of the pallet 1, and the distance between adjacent two groups of push claw assemblies 7 on the rear pusher 3 is greater than the width of the pallet 1.

[0035] Among them, the turning machine 4 is located at the rear end of the front pusher 2 and can rotate 180°. It is used to realize the turning of the pallet 1. The turning machine 4 includes a turning shaft 41, a driving structure, two turning arms 42, etc. The turning shaft 41 is arranged in the left-right direction and is located between the rear end of the slide rail 5 of the front pusher 2 and the slide rail 5 in front of the rear pusher 3. Its end (left end or right end) is in transmission connection with the driving structure (used to drive the turning shaft 41 to turn 180°). The two turning arms 42 are arranged side by side left and right. The front part of the turning arms 42 is located inside the slide rail 5 on the corresponding side of the front pusher 2, and the rear end of the turning arms 42 is located between the two slide rails 5 of the rear pusher 3. The turning arms 42 are symmetrically arranged left and right with respect to the midline of the pallet 1. The turning arms 42 are arranged in the front-rear direction. The middle part of the turning arms 42 is fixed on the turning shaft 41, and strip-shaped notches 43 capable of accommodating the pallet 1 are provided at both the front and rear ends of the turning arms 42 in the front-rear direction. The front strip-shaped notch 43 is flush with the slide rail 5 of the front pusher 2, and the rear strip-shaped notch 43 is flush with the slide rail 5 of the rear pusher 3. The strip-shaped notch 43 is a rectangular notch, the depth of which is greater than 1 / 2 of the front-rear length of the pallet 1 and less than the length of the pallet 1. The end far from the turning shaft 41 is a flared opening (the front flared opening is larger at the front and smaller at the rear, and the rear flared opening is larger at the rear and smaller at the front). The lower side of the strip-shaped notch 43 is adjacent to and below the plane where the slide rail 5 is located, and the width of the strip-shaped notch 43 is greater than the thickness of the pallet 1.

[0036] Among them, the pusher claw assembly 7 at the left end of the rear pusher 3 is located at the left rear side of the front pusher 7 (which is also located on the left side of the pallet 1). A clearance notch 8 that cooperates with the two turning arms 42 and enables the carriage 6 to move in the left-right direction is provided at the front left side of the carriage 6. The front slide rail 5 is provided with two rotation break openings 9 (in total) that are respectively used to accommodate the two turning arms 42 and can allow the turning arms 42 to rotate. Specifically, the clearance notch 8 is a rectangular notch arranged in the front-rear direction, with its front side and left side open. The rear side of the clearance notch 8 is located behind the rear end of the turning arm 42, and the right side of the clearance notch 8 is located on the right side of the right turning arm 42. The rotation break opening 9 is arranged in the front-rear direction, and the rear parts of the two turning arms 42 are respectively located in the two rotation break openings 9.

[0037] Specifically, each set of pusher claw assemblies 7 in the embodiments of the present invention includes two pusher claws arranged side by side. The two pusher claws are respectively rotatably arranged inside two opposite frame sides (left and right frame sides or front and rear frame sides) of the carriage 6. For the front pusher 2: The two pusher claws on each set of pusher claw assemblies 7 are arranged side by side left and right. The pusher claws are rotatably arranged on the carriage 6 through a left-right direction rotating shaft and are arranged obliquely downward from front to rear. For the rear pusher 3: The two pusher claws on each set of pusher claw assemblies 7 are arranged side by side front and rear. The pusher claws are rotatably arranged on the carriage 6 through a front-rear direction rotating shaft and are arranged obliquely upward from left to right. When the pallet 1 passes through the pusher claws, the pusher claws rotate downward and return to their original positions due to their own gravity after completely passing through. The structure of the pusher claws can refer to the descriptions in the patents with the application numbers CN201620275125.X or CN201320396774.1.

[0038] Embodiment 2

[0039] See Figures 1-4 , Embodiment 2 provides a turning device for the pallet used in block production, whose structure is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1. The difference is that: at the rear side of the left end of the rear pusher 3 in this embodiment and directly behind the turning machine 4, there are multiple guiding rods 11 (specifically two, to prevent the pallet 1 from sliding backward and realize the positioning of the pallet 1 in the front-back direction after flipping). The multiple guiding rods 11 are arranged side by side from left to right. The guiding rods 11 are arranged vertically, with their upper parts inclined backward from bottom to top, and their lower parts located adjacent to the rear of the pallet 1. Specifically, they are of rectangular square tube structure.

[0040] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The turning device for the pallet used in block production, comprising a front pusher (2), a rear pusher (3) and a turning machine (4) therebetween. Both the front pusher (2) and the rear pusher (3) include two parallel slide rails (5) arranged side by side, a carriage (6) between the two slide rails (5) and capable of moving along the direction where the slide rails (5) are located, and multiple sets of push claw assemblies (7) on the carriage (6). The multiple sets of push claw assemblies (7) are equidistantly arranged in the direction where the slide rails (5) are located. It is characterized in that the rear pusher (3) is arranged in the left - right direction; the front pusher (2) is arranged in the front - rear direction, located directly in front of the left end of the rear pusher (3) and flush with the rear pusher (3); the turning machine (4) is located at the rear end of the front pusher (2), and it includes a turning shaft (41) arranged in the left - right direction, a driving structure for driving the turning shaft (41) to turn 180°, and two turning arms (42) arranged side by side on the turning shaft (41) in the left - right direction; the front parts of the two turning arms (42) are located inside the slide rails (5) on the corresponding side of the front pusher (2), and their rear ends are located between the two slide rails (5) of the rear pusher (3); the turning arms (42) are arranged in the front - rear direction, with the middle part fixed on the turning shaft (41), and strip - shaped notches (43) capable of accommodating the pallet (1) are arranged in the front - rear direction at both the front and rear ends thereof; the front strip - shaped notch (43) is flush with the slide rail (5) of the front pusher (2), and the rear strip - shaped notch (43) is flush with the slide rail (5) of the rear pusher (3); a set of push claw assemblies (7) is arranged at the rear end of the carriage (6) of the front pusher (2), and it moves backward to push the pallet (1) backward into the front strip - shaped notch (43); a set of push claw assemblies (7) is arranged at the left end of the carriage (6) of the rear pusher (3), which is located at the left rear side of the front pusher (2). An avoidance notch (8) for cooperating with the two turning arms (42) and enabling the carriage (6) to move in the left - right direction is arranged at the front side of the left end of its carriage (6), and rotary break - openings (9) for respectively accommodating the two turning arms (42) and allowing the turning arms (42) to rotate are arranged on the front slide rail (5).

2. The turning device for the turnover plate of the pallet for block production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front pusher (2) and the rear pusher (3) further include two L - shaped guiding strips (10), and the L - shaped guiding strips (10) are parallel to the slide rails (5); the two L - shaped guiding strips (10) are respectively located outside the corresponding side slide rails (5), and are respectively located adjacent to the lower side of the corresponding end of the pallet (1); the horizontal arm of the L - shaped guiding strip (10) is horizontally arranged and is located adjacent to the lower side of the corresponding end of the pallet (1); the vertical arm of the L - shaped guiding strip (10) is vertically arranged and is located adjacent to the outer side of the corresponding end of the pallet (1).

3. The turning device for the turnover plate of the pallet for block production according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each set of push claw assemblies (7) includes two push claws arranged side by side. For the front pusher (2): The slide rail (5), the carriage (6) and the L-shaped guide bar (10) are all arranged in the front-rear direction. The carriage (6) can reciprocate in the front-rear direction. Multiple sets of pusher claw assemblies (7) are arranged side by side in the front-rear direction, and the two pusher claws on each of them are arranged side by side in the left-right direction. The pusher claws are rotatably arranged on the carriage (6) through a left-right axis and are arranged obliquely downward from front to back; The two L-shaped guide bars (10) are respectively located adjacent to the lower sides of the left and right ends of the pallet (1). For the rear pusher (3): The slide rail (5), the carriage (6) and the L-shaped guide bar (10) are all arranged in the left-right direction. The carriage (6) can reciprocate in the left-right direction. Multiple sets of pusher claw assemblies (7) are arranged side by side in the left-right direction, and the two pusher claws on each of them are arranged side by side in the front-rear direction. The pusher claws are rotatably arranged on the carriage (6) through a front-rear axis and are arranged obliquely upward from left to right; The two L-shaped guide bars (10) are respectively located adjacent to the lower sides of the front and rear ends of the pallet (1).

4. The turning device for the pallet used in block production according to claim 3, characterized in that, The carriage (6) is of a rectangular frame structure, and the two pusher claws are respectively rotatably arranged on the inner sides of two opposite frame sides of the carriage (6); The avoidance notch (8) is a rectangular notch arranged in the front-rear direction, with its front side and left side open, its rear side located behind the rear end of the flap arm (42), and its right side located on the right side of the right flap arm (42).

5. The turning device for the pallet used in block production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The strip-shaped notch (43) is a rectangular notch, its depth is greater than 1 / 2 of the front-rear length of the pallet (1) and less than the length of the pallet (1), the end away from the turning axis (41) is a flared opening, and its lower side is located adjacent to the lower side of the plane where the slide rail (5) is located.

6. The turning plate device for the pallet used in the production of building blocks according to claim 1, characterized in that The surface of the slide rail (5) is smooth, and the two flap arms (42) are respectively located adjacent to the inner sides of the two slide rails (5) of the front pusher (2).

7. The tipping device for the pallet used in block production according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotation break (9) is arranged in the front-rear direction, and the rear parts of the two flap arms (42) are respectively located in the two rotation breaks (9).

8. The tipping device for the turnover plate of the pallet used in block production according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple guide rods (11) are arranged side by side on the rear side of the left end of the rear pusher (3) and directly behind the flipper (4); The guide rods (11) are arranged vertically, with their upper parts obliquely backward from bottom to top and their lower parts located adjacent to the rear of the pallet (1).

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