Multifunctional experimental device for simulating landslide caused by bench excavation

Abstract

The utility model discloses a multifunctional experimental device for simulating landslide caused by bench excavation, which comprises a steel structure assembly and a vibration table arranged below the steel structure assembly, the steel structure assembly comprises a bottom plate and a plurality of edge rods, and the edge rods are horizontally and vertically spliced above the bottom plate to form a rectangular frame structure; transparent plates are arranged on the left side and the right side of the steel structure assembly, a steel plate is arranged on the rear side, and a switch door is arranged on the front side; the multiple opening and closing doors are sequentially arranged in the height direction of the steel structure assembly. The top of the steel structure assembly is provided with a supporting rod, and the supporting rod is provided with an optical fiber arranged in the vertical direction so as to measure the stress and strain of a soil body arranged in the steel structure assembly. The experimental device provided by the utility model is reasonable in structure and convenient to operate, the soil body is filled in a layered manner and compacted in a graded manner before an experiment, and the step method excavation process is restored according to the similarity theory, so that the experimental research of the soil body landslide is carried out through the arranged sensor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of construction engineering and relates to an experimental device for simulating landslides caused by multi-functional bench excavation method. Background Technique

[0002] Landslide refers to the process and phenomenon in which the rock and soil mass on the slope slides downward as a whole under the action of gravity along the relevant weak surface or weak zone. As the second geological disaster after earthquake, landslides have been widely concerned globally.

[0003] With the gradual deepening of the open-pit coal mines and non-coal mines, the mining surface of the open-pit mine is gradually increasing, the mining depth is getting deeper and deeper, the height difference of the slopes brought by the open-pit mining of the mine is getting larger and larger, and the number of various high-steep slopes with formed structures is gradually increasing, inevitably causing various slope collapse failures and landslide instability phenomena, and the safe production of most open-pit mines has been severely restricted.

[0004] Carrying out experimental research on the landslides caused by the bench excavation method of the open-pit slope and mastering the deformation and instability characteristics and displacement change laws of different failure types of the open-pit mine slope are of great significance for ensuring the safe production of the open-pit mine.

[0005] Most of the existing landslide experimental devices stack rock and soil in the experimental device to form the final slope form and directly conduct landslide experiments without restoring the stress state of the rock and soil. Therefore, the existing landslide experimental devices do not accurately restore the soil excavation process, and there are large errors in the research results of soil instability. Patent CN113008513A discloses a new type of indoor model test device for simulating submarine landslides, but there are significant differences in the research objects from the landslides caused by the bench excavation method of the open-pit slope.

[0006] Therefore, it is urgent to design an experimental device for simulating landslides caused by multi-functional bench excavation method to solve the existing technical problems. Content of the Utility Model

[0007] The purpose of the utility model is to provide an experimental device for simulating landslides caused by multi-functional bench excavation method for the above technical problems. Its structure is reasonable, the operation is convenient. Before the experiment, the soil body is filled in layers and compacted in stages, and the bench excavation process is restored according to the similarity theory, so as to carry out experimental research on soil landslides through the set sensors.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the present utility model provides an experimental device for simulating landslides caused by the excavation of a multi-functional step method, which includes a steel structure assembly and a shaking table arranged below the steel structure assembly. The steel structure assembly includes a bottom plate and prism bars. The number of the prism bars is multiple, and they are horizontally and vertically spliced above the bottom plate to form a rectangular frame structure. Transparent plates are arranged on the left and right sides of the steel structure assembly, a steel plate is arranged on the rear side thereof, and a switch door is arranged on the front side thereof. The number of the switch doors is multiple and they are arranged in sequence along the height direction of the steel structure assembly. A support rod is arranged on the top of the steel structure assembly, and the support rod is configured with an optical fiber arranged in the vertical direction to measure the stress and strain of the soil body arranged inside the steel structure assembly.

[0009] In some embodiments, the bottom plate is configured with water seepage holes, and the number of the water seepage holes is multiple and they are arranged at intervals from each other.

[0010] In some embodiments, the prism bars are square steel and / or angle steel.

[0011] In some embodiments, the transparent plates are tempered glass, and they are fixed within the rectangular frame formed by the prism bars. And, reinforcing bars are arranged on the outer sides of the transparent plates, and the reinforcing bars are square steel, steel plates and / or angle steel.

[0012] In some embodiments, scale lines are arranged on the transparent plates to observe the change information of the soil body arranged inside the steel structure assembly.

[0013] In some embodiments, the experimental device further includes a camera, which is arranged outside the steel structure assembly to observe the change information of the soil body arranged inside the steel structure assembly.

[0014] In some embodiments, the camera is a high-speed camera, and the number of the high-speed cameras is at least one pair and they are arranged towards the transparent plates to obtain the change information of the soil body inside the steel structure assembly through the scale lines thereon.

[0015] In some embodiments, the number of the support rods is multiple, and they are arranged at intervals longitudinally of the steel structure assembly; at least one optical fiber is detachably arranged above the support rods.

[0016] In some embodiments, the experimental device further includes an earth pressure gauge, which is arranged in the soil body inside the steel structure assembly to measure the pressure information of the soil body during the excavation process of the simulated step method.

[0017] In some embodiments, the experimental device further includes a corner reflector, which is arranged on the soil slope surface formed by the excavation of the simulated step method.

[0018] Advantages of the present utility model:

[0019] The experimental device for simulating landslides caused by multi-functional bench excavation provided by the utility model has a reasonable structure and convenient operation. Before the experiment, the soil body is filled in layers and compacted in stages, and the bench excavation process is restored according to the similarity theory, so as to carry out experimental research on soil landslides through the set sensors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Through the detailed description in combination with the following drawings, the above advantages of the utility model will become clearer and easier to understand. These drawings are only schematic and do not limit the utility model, wherein:

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an experimental device for simulating landslides caused by multi-functional bench excavation provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a steel structure component provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 is a top view of the experimental device provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0024] Figure 4 is a side view of the experimental device provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the inside of the experimental device provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a shaking table provided by an embodiment of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0027] The following combines specific embodiments and drawings to detail the utility model.

[0028] The embodiments recorded herein are specific specific embodiments of the utility model for explaining the concept of the utility model, and are all explanatory and exemplary, and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the utility model and the scope of the utility model. Except for the embodiments recorded herein, those skilled in the art can also adopt other obvious technical solutions based on the content disclosed in the claims and the specification of this application. These technical solutions include technical solutions that make any obvious substitutions and modifications to the embodiments recorded herein.

[0029] The drawings in this specification are schematic diagrams to assist in explaining the concept of the utility model, and schematically show the shapes of each part and their mutual relationships. Please note that in order to clearly show the structures of the components in the embodiments of the utility model, the drawings are not drawn according to the same scale. The same reference numerals are used to represent the same parts.

[0030] With the continuous rapid progress of China's economy and the continuous improvement of environmental protection quality requirements, the open-pit mines that have completed shallow mining in the country will gradually enter the stage of underground mining or deep mining. The stability of the stope slope and the slope benches will surely become an important problem that urgently needs to be solved in the open-pit mine mining and production.

[0031] The schematic diagram of an experimental device for simulating landslides caused by the excavation of a multi-functional simulated bench method described in this application can, according to the similarity theory, simulate the landslides caused by the bench method excavation, and then analyze the causes of the landslides, so as to conduct deformation monitoring and prediction and early warning for the landslide dynamic disasters of the open-pit mine slopes and some continuous benches, and prevent problems before they occur.

[0032] As Figure 1 shown, it includes a steel structure component 10 and a shaking table 20 arranged below the steel structure component 10. The steel structure component 10 includes a bottom plate 11 and rib rods 12. As Figure 2 shown, the number of the rib rods 12 is multiple, and they are horizontally and vertically spliced above the bottom plate 11 to form a rectangular frame structure.

[0033] In the present invention, the shaking table 20 is a standard shaking table. As Figure 6 shown, the shaking table 20 is used to simulate the vibrations caused by earthquakes, blasting, etc. Therefore, this experimental device can be used to simulate the landslide damage caused by vibrations. The shaking table 20 can be controlled by using software with a laptop computer, and different vibration waves are input to simulate the influence of different vibrations on the slope.

[0034] Figure 2 In the shown embodiment, the rib rods 12 are square steels. It can be understood that the rib rods 12 can also be angle steels or other structural members to form a rectangular frame structure by welding or in a detachable manner.

[0035] Furthermore, transparent plates 30 are arranged on the left and right sides of the steel structure component 10. As Figure 3 shown; a steel plate is arranged at the rear side of the steel structure component 10, and a switch door 40 is arranged at its front side. Specifically, the steel structure component 10 forms a rectangular closed structure with an open top to fill the soil for the simulation test into the interior of the steel structure component 10 layer by layer; and the soil is pressurized in stages to restore the excavation process according to the similarity theory and gradually release the stress of the soil.

[0036] Figure 1In the illustrated embodiment, the number of the switch doors 40 is three, and they are arranged in sequence along the height direction of the steel structure assembly 10. Further, the height dimension of the upper switch door 40 is larger, while the height dimensions of the two lower switch doors 40 are equal, so as to facilitate the excavation by the bench method. Specifically, the height of the upper switch door 40 is 110 cm, while the height dimension of the lower switch door 40 is 20 cm. This embodiment can simulate the soil slope excavated by the three-level bench method.

[0037] Further, the switch door 40 is fixed to the edge rod 12 of the steel structure assembly 10 through a hinge, and the switch door 40 is locked through a bolt. Specifically, the experimenter can rotate the switch door 40 around the rotating shaft of the hinge so as to open and close the switch door 40. The junction of adjacent switch doors 40 is relatively sealed to prevent the soil inside the steel structure assembly 10 from leaking outwards.

[0038] Specifically, after filling and compacting the gravel soil in layers inside the steel structure assembly 10 and consolidating for a period of time to restore the soil stress; then, according to the earthwork design plan, step-by-step layered excavation is carried out. One switch door 40 is opened and one layer is excavated, ensuring that the horizontal stress of the lower soil layer is not affected during the excavation process so as to restore the actual working condition and gradually form the final soil slope.

[0039] Figure 4 In the illustrated embodiment, a support rod 13 is provided at the top of the steel structure assembly 10, and the support rod 13 is configured with Figure 5 the optical fiber 50 shown arranged in the vertical direction to measure the stress and strain of the soil inside the steel structure assembly 10.

[0040] Figure 5 In the illustrated embodiment, the soil inside the steel structure assembly 10 is excavated by the bench method to form a five-level slope soil structure. The optical fibers 50 fixed to the support rod 13 are respectively arranged corresponding to the 2nd - 5th levels of the soil slope.

[0041] In order to reduce the influence of the optical fiber 50 on the soil deformation resistance and the like, an optical fiber 50 with a smaller diameter is selected. In some embodiments, the diameter of the optical fiber 50 is about 1 mm.

[0042] The number of the support rods 13 is 4, and they are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the steel structure assembly 10; the optical fiber 50 is detachably arranged above the support rod 13; and each support rod 13 can be provided with at least one optical fiber 50.

[0043] Figure 5In the illustrated embodiment, the optical fibers 50 are arranged at the 2nd - 5th levels of the soil slope, with 2 optical fibers 50 arranged at each level, for a total of 8 optical fibers 50. The optical fibers 50 should be arranged before the soil filling to ensure that the optical fibers 50 are vertically arranged from top to bottom. In addition, the vertically penetrating optical fibers 50 also play a role in initiating soil reinforcement to a certain extent.

[0044] In the present utility model, the optical fiber 50 is a dense optical fiber, which has the advantages of high precision, easy layout, and good stability. Dense optical fibers are widely used in fields such as communication, sensing, and imaging. In order to monitor the internal strain of the rock and soil mass and the displacement of the slip surface during the landslide process, the optical fiber 50 penetrates the overall soil from top to bottom.

[0045] As an embodiment of the present utility model, the bottom plate 11 is provided with water seepage holes 11a, as Figure 2 shown, the number of the water seepage holes 11a is multiple and they are arranged at intervals. Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the water seepage holes 11a are circular holes, and the number of them is 12 and they are distributed in a plum blossom shape, so as to facilitate watering during the process of layered filling and compacting gravel soil in the steel structure component 10, thereby controlling the compaction degree of the soil.

[0046] As an aspect of this embodiment, the outer diameter of the water seepage hole 11a is 12m. It can be understood that the water seepage hole 11a can also be of other shapes, and the outer diameter of the water seepage hole 11a can also be of other sizes.

[0047] The transparent plate 30 is tempered glass, which is fixed within the rectangular frame formed by the prism bars 12; in order to ensure the reliability of the fixation of the transparent plate 30, a reinforcing strip 31 is provided on the outer side of the transparent plate 30, and the reinforcing strip 31 can be square steel, steel plate, and / or angle steel.

[0048] Scale lines are provided on the transparent plate 30 to observe the change information of the soil inside the steel structure component 10.

[0049] The experimental device further includes a camera 60, which is arranged outside the steel structure component 10 to observe the change information of the soil inside the steel structure component 10.

[0050] The camera 60 is a high - speed camera, and the number of them is at least one pair, and they are arranged facing the transparent plate 30 to obtain the change information of the soil inside the steel structure component 10 through the scale lines thereon.

[0051] Furthermore, high-speed cameras are respectively arranged in front of and on both sides of the slope to record the entire process of landslide instability. Scales are marked on the transparent plates on both sides to facilitate the measurement of landslide cracks, slip surface dislocation, etc. using the camera image data. To ensure the integrity of the experimental process record and considering the storage capacity of the camera, the camera 60 should record from the start of excavation until the landslide failure is completed. The filling and preliminary preparation work also need to be photographed to ensure the recording of the entire experimental process.

[0052] The experimental device further includes earth pressure gauges 70, which are arranged in the soil body inside the steel structure assembly 10 to measure the pressure information of the soil body during the simulated bench cut excavation process.

[0053] In order to compare and analyze with the data of the distributed optical fiber 50, the earth pressure gauges 70 are arranged in the soil body of the five-level slope in a similar manner to the optical fiber 50. According to the thickness of the soil body, one row is arranged in the first level, two rows are arranged in each of the second and third levels, and three rows are arranged in each of the fourth and fifth levels. Two earth pressure gauges 70 are arranged in each row. There are a total of 22 earth pressure gauges 70.

[0054] Furthermore, the earth pressure gauges 70 are arranged during the filling process.

[0055] In the present utility model, the experimental device further includes corner reflectors 80, which are arranged on the surface of the soil slope formed by the simulated bench cut excavation.

[0056] After the filling consolidation is completed and the excavation reaches the initial stable slope, three corner reflectors 80 are arranged on the slope surface. The initial stable slope is a five-level slope. Two corner reflectors 80 are arranged in each of the second, third, and fourth levels of the five-level slope, with a distance of 30 - 50 cm, preferably 40 cm, as Figure 5 shown, for cooperating with the radar to obtain scanning data for analyzing the deformation differences in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction.

[0057] Compared with the disadvantages and deficiencies of the prior art, a multifunctional experimental device for simulating landslides caused by bench cut excavation provided by the present utility model has a reasonable structure and convenient operation. Before the experiment, the soil body is filled in layers and compacted in stages, and the bench cut excavation process is restored according to the similarity theory to conduct experimental research on soil landslides through the set sensors.

[0058] The present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. Anyone can obtain other various forms of products under the inspiration of the present utility model. However, no matter what changes are made in its shape or structure, as long as it has the same or similar technical solutions as the present application, it falls within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An experimental device for simulating landslides caused by the excavation of a multi-functional stepped method, characterized in that, It includes a steel structure component (10) and a shaking table (20) arranged below the steel structure component (10). The steel structure component (10) includes a bottom plate (11) and rib rods (12). The number of the rib rods (12) is multiple, and they are horizontally and vertically spliced above the bottom plate (11) to form a rectangular frame structure. Transparent plates (30) are arranged on the left and right sides of the steel structure component (10), a steel plate is arranged on its rear side, and a switch door (40) is arranged on its front side. The number of the switch doors (40) is multiple, and they are sequentially arranged along the height direction of the steel structure component (10). A support rod (13) is arranged on the top of the steel structure component (10), and the support rod (13) is configured with an optical fiber (50) arranged in the vertical direction to measure the stress and strain of the soil body inside the steel structure component (10).

2. The experimental device for landslide caused by the excavation of the multi-functional simulated bench method according to claim 1, characterized in that The bottom plate (11) is configured with water seepage holes (11a), and the number of them is multiple and they are arranged at intervals from each other.

3. The experimental device for landslide caused by multi-functional simulated bench cut method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rib rod (12) is square steel and / or angle steel.

4. The experimental device for landslide caused by multi-functional simulated bench cut method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transparent plate (30) is tempered glass, and it is fixed within the rectangular frame formed by the rib rods (12). And, a reinforcing strip (31) is arranged on the outer side of the transparent plate (30), and the reinforcing strip (31) is square steel, steel plate and / or angle steel.

5. The experimental device for landslides caused by the excavation of the multi-functional simulated bench method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Scale lines are arranged on the transparent plate (30) to observe the change information of the soil body inside the steel structure component (10).

6. The experimental device for landslide caused by multi-functional simulated bench cut method according to claim 5, characterized in that, It further includes a camera (60), which is arranged outside the steel structure component (10) to observe the change information of the soil body inside the steel structure component (10).

7. The experimental device for landslides caused by the excavation of the multi-functional simulated bench method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The camera (60) is a high-speed camera, and the number of them is at least one pair, and they are arranged facing the transparent plate (30) to obtain the change information of the soil body inside the steel structure component (10) through the scale lines thereon.

8. The experimental device for landslides caused by the excavation of the multi-functional simulated bench method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the support rods (13) is multiple, and they are arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the steel structure component (10). At least one optical fiber (50) is detachably arranged above the support rod (13).

9. The experimental device for landslide caused by multi-functional simulated bench cut method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes an earth pressure gauge (70), which is arranged in the soil body inside the steel structure component (10) to measure the pressure information of the soil body during the excavation process of the simulated bench method.

10. The experimental device for landslide caused by multi-functional simulated bench cut method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a corner reflector (80), which is arranged on the soil slope surface formed by the excavation of the simulated bench method.

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