Digestive endoscopy training model
By designing a movable digestive endoscopic training model, it simulates the real posture of the human digestive system, solves the problems of difficulty in ERCP operation and long learning time, improves the simulation degree and learning efficiency of training, reduces risks, and is suitable for ERCP operation training.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422220709.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-22
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-10
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, ERCP operation is difficult, learning time is long, and the lack of effective training models leads to unskilled doctors' skills, leading to the occurrence of high-risk complications, and the hepatobiliary surgeon has no foundation, which leads to increased learning difficulty, and the lack of sufficient case practice hinders the development of technology in hospitals at all levels.
It provides a digestive endoscopic training model, including the head and neck, body and movable parts, which simulates the movable state of the human digestive system, and supports the digestive system through the movable parts, so that the model changes its position under different postures, simulates the real surgical environment, and supports ERCP operation training.
It has improved the simulation level of ERCP operation training, shortened learning time, reduced learning difficulty, improved doctors' operating skills, reduced practical training risks in patients, and is suitable for different position and lesion simulations, improving learning efficiency and surgical success rate.
Smart Images
Figure CN223140277U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of medical teaching aids, in particular to a digestive endoscopy training model. Background Art
[0002] Digestive endoscopy refers to a method of examination that inserts an endoscope into the human digestive system through the oral cavity, anus, etc. for related examinations, diagnoses, and treatments of digestive system diseases, mainly including gastroscopy, duodenoscopy, enteroscopy, sigmoidoscopy, capsule endoscopy, magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasonography, etc. Among them, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is to insert a duodenoscope from the oral cavity into the duodenal papilla, and then insert instruments into the bile duct and / or pancreatic duct in the duodenal papilla through the biopsy channel in the duodenoscope, and monitor the situation of the instruments in the bile duct and / or pancreatic duct under the dual observation of the endoscope and X-ray. It is currently recognized as a minimally invasive method for diagnosing and treating pancreaticobiliary diseases, and plays an irreplaceable role in the diagnosis and treatment of many bile duct and pancreatic diseases, and has now been widely used in clinical practice.
[0003] Compared with other endoscopic operations such as gastroscopy and colonoscopy, ERCP is one of the most difficult techniques in digestive endoscopy. ERCP is a technically difficult and high-risk technique. Complications related to the operation itself, including digestive tract perforation and postoperative pancreatitis, often bring serious or even fatal consequences to patients. Many of the complications are caused by the operator's lack of proficiency. Therefore, in hospitals, only senior endoscopists can perform ERCP.
[0004] Recently, more and more hepatobiliary surgeons have also started to participate in ERCP training. Compared with gastroenterologists, most hepatobiliary surgeons have no basic knowledge of endoscope operation, which leads to a long learning time and increased learning difficulty for ERCP. In most hospitals, due to the newly developed technology, there are not enough cases for practicing skills, which greatly hinders the development of ERCP technology in hospitals at all levels. To avoid training such a difficult operation on patients and causing unnecessary harm to patients, there is an urgent need for a digestive endoscopy training model to shorten the learning duration of ERCP and reduce the learning difficulty, so that more doctors can master this technique. Summary of the Utility Model
[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a digestive endoscopy training model to solve the technical problem in the prior art that doctors with insufficient clinical experience lack the operation process and operation technical experience of ERCP.
[0006] The utility model provides a digestive endoscopy training model, which includes a head and neck part, a body part and at least one movable part, wherein:
[0007] The head and neck part includes an oral cavity and a pharynx, and the oral cavity is communicated with the pharynx;
[0008] The body part includes a digestive system, the digestive system includes the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. The esophagus communicates with the pharynx, and the esophagus, stomach and duodenum are integrated. The descending part of the duodenum is provided with a papilla.
[0009] The digestive system further includes a bile duct and / or a pancreatic duct, and the bile duct and / or the pancreatic duct are respectively connected to the papilla of the descending part of the duodenum.
[0010] At least one of the movable parts is connected to the digestive system so that the digestive system is movably arranged in the digestive endoscope training model.
[0011] A digestive endoscope training model as described above, wherein, preferably, the body part further includes a chest and abdomen, the digestive system and at least one of the movable parts are arranged in the chest and abdomen, or, the digestive endoscope training model further includes a base, one end of the movable part is connected to the base, and the other end of the movable part supports the digestive system, and the digestive system is in a prone position.
[0012] A digestive endoscope training model as described above, wherein, preferably, the chest and abdomen further includes ribs, the ribs are arranged on the upper surface of the digestive system, and / or, the chest and abdomen further includes a skin part, the skin part is arranged on the upper surface of the ribs or the digestive system, and / or, the abdominal cavity of the chest and abdomen has fillers.
[0013] A digestive endoscope training model as described above, wherein, preferably, the movable part includes an elastic body, one end of the elastic body is connected to the digestive system, or, the movable part includes an elastic body and a support body, and the elastic body is connected to the digestive system through the support body.
[0014] A digestive endoscope training model as described above, wherein, preferably, the head and neck further includes at least one of a nose, a tongue and ears.
[0015] A digestive endoscope training model as described above, wherein, preferably, the head and neck includes a head and a neck, the neck is rotatably connected to the body part, and the head is rotatably connected or fixedly connected to the neck.
[0016] A digestive endoscope training model as described above, wherein, preferably, the digestive system further includes at least one of a gallbladder, a liver and a pancreas.
[0017] A digestive endoscopy training model as described above, wherein, preferably, the digestive system further includes the common hepatic duct, the bile duct includes the cystic duct and the common bile duct, the liver surrounds the gallbladder, the gallbladder is located in the gallbladder fossa on the back of the liver, and the liver is connected to the gallbladder through the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct.
[0018] A digestive endoscopy training model as described above, wherein, preferably, the esophagus is detachably connected to the stomach, and / or the stomach is detachably connected to the duodenum, and / or the common hepatic duct is detachably connected to the cystic duct, and / or one end of the common bile duct is detachably connected to the cystic duct, and the other end is detachably connected to the papilla of the descending part of the duodenum, and / or the pancreatic duct is detachably connected to the papilla of the descending part of the duodenum.
[0019] A digestive endoscopy training model as described above, wherein, preferably, the inside of the stomach and the duodenum is a cavity, and at least part of the inner wall surface of the cavity forms folds.
[0020] A digestive endoscopy training model as described above, wherein, preferably, at least part of the digestive system is provided with diseased parts.
[0021] A digestive endoscopy training model as described above, wherein, preferably, at least part of the digestive system has electrical conductivity.
[0022] A digestive endoscopy training model as described above, wherein, preferably, the Shore hardness of the oral cavity and / or the pharynx and / or the digestive system is 0A to 15A.
[0023] A digestive endoscopy training model as described above, wherein, preferably, at least part of the head and neck and / or at least part of the body are made by 3D printing.
[0024] A digestive endoscopy training model as described above, wherein, preferably, at least part of the head and neck and / or at least part of the chest and abdomen are made by 3D printing.
[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present utility model supports the digestive system by setting movable parts to simulate the movable state of the human digestive system, thereby improving the simulation degree of the digestive endoscopy training model, being able to simulate the relevant anatomical structures of the digestive system on a real human body, so as to simulate the ERCP operation process and train various basic operation techniques for relevant personnel, and better meeting the medical simulation use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] Figure 1a It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the digestive endoscopy training model provided by the present utility model in a specific embodiment;
[0027] Figure 1b is Figure 1a A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the middle digestive endoscopy training model from another perspective;
[0028] Figure 2 is Figure 1a An exploded structure diagram of the middle digestive endoscopy training model;
[0029] Figure 3a is Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structures of the oral cavity, pharynx and digestive system in the middle;
[0030] Figure 3b is Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the middle digestive system from another perspective;
[0031] Figure 3c is Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of at least part of the duodenum in the middle;
[0032] Figure 4 is Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the movable part in the middle;
[0033] Figure 5a This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the digestive endoscopy training model provided by the present utility model in another specific embodiment;
[0034] Figure 5b is Figure 5a A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the middle digestive endoscopy training model from another perspective.
[0035] 1 - Head and neck, 11 - Head, 111 - Oral cavity, 112 - Nose, 113 - Ear, 12 - Neck, 121 - Pharynx;
[0036] 2 - Trunk part, 21 - Digestive system, 211 - Esophagus, 212 - Stomach, 213 - Duodenum, 213a - Papilla, 214 - Bile duct, 215 - Pancreas, 216 - Gallbladder, 217 - Liver, 22 - Thoracoabdominal part, 221 - Ribs, 222 - Skin part;
[0037] 3 - Movable part, 31 - Elastomer, 32 - Support body;
[0038] 4 - Base. Detailed implementation manners
[0039] To better understand the technical solutions of the present application, the embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0040] It should be clear that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, rather than all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in this application without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of this application.
[0041] The terms used in the embodiments of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application. The singular forms "a", "the", and "said" used in the embodiments of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0042] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used herein is only a relational description of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " herein generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after.
[0043] Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is to insert a duodenoscope from the mouth into the duodenal papilla, and then insert instruments into the bile duct and / or pancreatic duct within the duodenal papilla through the biopsy channel in the duodenoscope. Under the dual observation of the endoscope and X-ray, the situation of the instruments in the bile duct and / or pancreatic duct is monitored. It is a minimally invasive method for diagnosing and treating pancreaticobiliary diseases currently recognized, and plays an irreplaceable role in the diagnosis and treatment of many bile duct and pancreatic diseases. It has now been widely used in clinical practice.
[0044] Therefore, doctors engaged in this technical operation should receive standardized surgical training. The embodiments of this application provide a digestive endoscopy training model, which can simulate the relevant anatomical structures of the upper digestive system on a real human body, so as to simulate the ERCP operation process and train various basic operation techniques for relevant personnel to meet the needs of medical simulation, help improve the learning efficiency of medical beginners, and also help improve the surgical success rate of doctors.
[0045] Referring to FIGS. 1-5, the embodiments of this application provide a digestive endoscopy training model, which includes a head and neck part 1, a body part 2, and at least one movable part 3, wherein:
[0046] The head and neck part 1 includes an oral cavity 111 and a pharynx 121, and the oral cavity 111 communicates with the pharynx 121.
[0047] The body part 2 includes a digestive system 21. The digestive system 21 includes an esophagus 211, a stomach 212, and a duodenum 213. The pharynx 121 communicates with the esophagus 211. The esophagus 211, the stomach 212, and the duodenum 213 are integrated. The descending segment of the duodenum 213 is provided with a papilla 213a. The digestive system 21 further includes at least one of a bile duct 214 and a pancreatic duct (not shown in the figure). The bile duct 214 and / or the pancreatic duct are respectively connected to the papilla 213a of the descending segment of the duodenum 213.
[0048] During an ERCP operation, the patient usually takes different positions such as the prone position or the left lateral position as needed. When the human body is in different positions, the digestive system in the human body will move and result in different positions at this time. The digestive system in the existing digestive endoscopy training models is often in a fixed and immovable state. When the digestive endoscopy training model is in different postures, the position of the digestive system does not change. This leads to the fact that the training models in the existing technology cannot simulate the movable state of the digestive system in the real human body.
[0049] In the digestive endoscopy training model provided by the present application, at least one movable member 3 is connected to the digestive system 21, so that the digestive system 21 is movably arranged in the digestive endoscopy training model. The digestive system 21 is in a movable state, thereby simulating the movable state of the human digestive system. When the digestive endoscopy training model is in different postures, under the action of gravity and other external forces, the digestive system 21 will move and result in a position change. At the same time, during the operation of the instrument by the doctor during the operation, the instrument may touch the wall of the digestive system 21. If the force exerted by the instrument on the digestive system 21 exceeds the threshold value, the digestive system 21 will also move, so that a more realistic and actual surgical environment can be simulated.
[0050] The digestive endoscopy training model provided by the embodiments of the present application is designed according to the real human body structure, and a movable member 3 is provided to support the digestive system 21, which can simulate the movable state of the human digestive system, so that the digestive endoscopy training model has a high degree of simulation, can simulate the relevant anatomical structures of the digestive system on the real human body, and can be used to simulate the ERCP operation process and various basic operation techniques for relevant personnel, and can simulate common operations of ERCP, such as bile and pancreatic duct stent implantation, bile and pancreatic duct stone removal, or bile and pancreatic duct cell brushing and other items.
[0051] Refer to Figure 2As shown, in a specific embodiment, the body part 2 further includes a chest and abdomen part 22. The digestive system 21 and at least one movable part 3 are arranged in the chest and abdomen part 22. Through the chest and abdomen part 22, a more realistic human condition can be simulated. At the same time, since the digestive system 21 is arranged in the chest and abdomen part 22, the digestive endoscopy training model can be flipped arbitrarily to simulate the prone position or left lateral position of the human body during the ERCP operation. The chest and abdomen part 22 is a receiving cavity, and the digestive system 21 and the movable part 3 are arranged in this receiving cavity. The chest and abdomen part 22 limits the movement of the digestive system 21. When the digestive system 21 moves and touches the inner surface of the chest and abdomen part 22, its movement will be restricted, so that the digestive system 21 can be kept in the chest and abdomen part 22. When the doctor flips the digestive endoscopy training model, there is no need to worry about the digestive system 21 detaching from the digestive endoscopy training model.
[0052] Optionally, referring to Figure 2 As shown, the chest and abdomen part 22 further includes ribs 221 and / or a skin part 222. The ribs 221 are arranged on the upper surface of the digestive system 21 to limit the movement range of the digestive system 21 and support the skin part 222; the skin part 222 is arranged on the upper surface of the ribs 221 or the digestive system 21. The skin part 222 can be made of a soft material, which is closer to the texture of the human skin to improve the simulation degree of the digestive endoscopy training model.
[0053] Optionally, fillers are also arranged inside the chest and abdomen part 22. The fillers can be materials such as water, hydrogel or sponge to simulate the internal structure of the chest and abdomen in a real human body.
[0054] Referring to Figure 5a - Figure 5b As shown, in another specific embodiment, the body part 2 does not include the chest and abdomen part 22. The digestive endoscopy training model includes a base 4. One end of the movable part 3 is connected to the base 4, and the other end of the movable part 3 supports the digestive system 21. The digestive system 21 is in the prone position. Although the digestive system 21 is supported by the movable part 3, the digestive system 21 is in a movable state. Under the action of an instrument or other external forces, the digestive system 21 can move, so that the digestive endoscopy training model can more realistically simulate the prone position of the human body during the ERCP operation.
[0055] In a feasible implementation manner, the movable part 3 elastically supports the digestive system 21. The moving direction of the digestive system 21 is not restricted by the connection of the movable part 3, so that the digestive system 21 can move freely in the up, down, left and right directions, which can more realistically simulate the movable state of the human digestive system, making the digestive endoscopy training model have a high simulation degree. In the initial state, the movable part 3 supports the digestive system 21. When the digestive system 21 is affected by the acting force of an instrument or other external forces, it will move along the direction of the acting force. At this time, the movable part 3 will accumulate elastic restoring force. After the external force is eliminated, the elastic restoring force is released, so that the digestive system 21 can return to the initial position.
[0056] In a specific embodiment, referring to Figure 4 as shown, the movable member 3 includes an elastomer 31 and a support 32. The elastomer 31 is connected to the digestive system 21 through the support 32. The elastomer 31 can be selected from elastic components such as springs or corrugated pipes. The digestive system 21 is detachably connected to the support 32. The support 32 may have an attachment surface that at least partially matches the digestive system 21 to increase the contact surface with the digestive system 21 and ensure sufficient support force is provided to the digestive system 21.
[0057] In another specific embodiment, the movable member 3 may only include the elastomer 31. The elastomer 31 is detachably connected to the digestive system 21. The elastomer 31 can be selected from elastic components such as springs or corrugated pipes. The elastomer 31 may have a contact surface sufficient to support the digestive system 21 and have a structure capable of providing elastic force to the digestive system 21.
[0058] Optionally, referring to Figure 1a and 1b as shown, the head and neck 1 further includes at least one of a nose 112, a tongue (not shown in the figure), and ears 113 to improve the simulation degree of the digestive endoscope training model. Additionally, when the head and neck 1 includes the nose 112, the nasal cavity of the nose 112 communicates with the pharynx 121. This digestive endoscope training model can also perform the training of passing a gastroscope through the nasal cavity for examining the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
[0059] Optionally, the head and neck 1 and the body part 2 are rotatably connected. Among them, referring to Figure 1a and 1b as shown, the head and neck 1 includes a head 11 and a neck 12. The neck 12 is rotatably connected to the body part 2, and the head 11 and the neck 12 are rotatably connected or fixedly connected. By rotatably connecting the head and neck 1 and the body part 2, a more realistic human body posture can be simulated, so that the body part 2 of the digestive endoscope training model presents different body positions, and the head and neck 1 can be rotated to a corresponding angle to facilitate inserting a duodenoscope into the oral cavity 111.
[0060] There are various ways to achieve the rotational connection between the head and neck 1 and the body part 2. In a feasible implementation manner, a bearing can be provided on one of the head and neck 1 or the body part 2, and a rotating shaft can be provided on the other. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected within the bearing. Those skilled in the art can know that there are more ways of rotational connection, which are not limited herein. For example, a gear and an internal gear ring are respectively provided at opposite ends of the head and neck 1 and the body part 2, and the gear meshes with the internal gear ring, and the rotational connection between the head and neck 1 and the body part 2 can also be achieved.
[0061] Referring to Figure 3a - Figure 3cAs shown, optionally, the digestive system 21 further includes at least one of a gallbladder 216, a liver 217, and a pancreas 215. The digestive system 21 further includes a common hepatic duct (not shown in the figure). The bile duct 214 includes a cystic duct (not shown in the figure) and a common bile duct (not shown in the figure). The liver 217 surrounds the gallbladder 216. The gallbladder 216 is located in the gallbladder fossa on the back of the liver 217. The liver 217 and the gallbladder 216 are connected through the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct to simulate the digestive system structure of a real human body.
[0062] Optionally, the digestive system 21 can be designed to include a plurality of detachably connected sub-structures (not shown in the figure). For example, the esophagus 211 and the stomach 212 are detachably connected, and / or the stomach 212 and the duodenum 213 are detachably connected; and / or the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct are detachably connected; and / or one end of the common bile duct is detachably connected to the cystic duct, and the other end is detachably connected to the papilla 213a of the descending segment of the duodenum 213; and / or the pancreatic duct is detachably connected to the papilla 213a of the descending segment of the duodenum 213. The detachable connection methods include at least one of snap connection, magnetic attraction connection, riveting connection, bolt connection, and adhesive connection, etc. The detachable connection of any connection structure mentioned in the subsequent content of this article also includes at least one of snap connection, magnetic attraction connection, riveting connection, bolt connection, and adhesive connection, etc., and will not be specifically described in the subsequent content.
[0063] Since different symptoms such as stenosis, obstruction, or stones in the bile duct or pancreatic duct need to be simulated during ERCP surgery, this setting facilitates the user to only replace some sub-structures after simulating ERCP surgery, without replacing the entire digestive endoscopy training model, so that some structures of the digestive endoscopy training model can be reused, that is, the digestive endoscopy training model has the effect of less resource waste. This setting also facilitates the user to replace the digestive system with different case conditions to meet the needs of simulating different surgeries.
[0064] Optionally, the inside of the stomach 212 and the duodenum 213 is a cavity and simulates the folds of human organs. The inner wall surface of the cavity forms folds in at least some areas, so as to simulate the natural human body cavity and improve the simulation degree of the digestive endoscopy training model.
[0065] Optionally, at least part of the digestive system 21 is provided with diseased parts (not shown in the figure). For example, stones are provided in the bile duct 214, or the pancreatic duct is set to be relatively narrow, etc., to simulate different case conditions.
[0066] Optionally, based on surgical requirements, a specific location of the digestive system 21 can be formed by combining with a conductive material, so that at least part of the digestive system 21 has electrical conductivity, enabling some surgical instruments, such as monopolar electrosurgical knives, bipolar electrosurgical knives, or ultrasonic knives, etc., to perform operations such as electrosection or electrocoagulation on the digestive system 21, achieving a better surgical simulation effect and providing medical staff with a more realistic surgical simulation experience.
[0067] Optionally, the Shore hardness of the oral cavity 111 and / or the pharynx 121 and / or the digestive system 21 is 0A to 15A to simulate the hardness and softness of the corresponding parts in the human body, achieving a better simulation effect and giving medical staff a more realistic touch.
[0068] Optionally, the digestive endoscopy training model can be formed by combining and printing soft materials and hard materials through 3D printing technology. Exemplary 3D printing technologies that can be used include, but are not limited to: stereolithography (SLA), digital light processing (DLP), three-dimensional printing technology (3DP), three-dimensional inkjet printing technology (MJP), multi-jet fusion technology (MJF), and various other types of 3D printing or additive manufacturing technologies known in the art, which are not limited herein. Due to the different hardness and softness of the internal structures of the human body, the digestive endoscopy training model is formed by combining and printing soft materials and hard materials based on the different soft and hard degrees of the internal structures of the human body, achieving a better simulation effect and giving medical staff a more realistic touch. In one example, the soft material and the hard material include resin material and / or silicone material.
[0069] In one embodiment, at least part of the digestive endoscopy training model is made by 3D printing technology. For example, at least part of the head and neck 1 and / or at least part of the body 2 can be made by 3D printing. The 3D printing technology that can be used is as above and will not be elaborated herein.
[0070] In other embodiments, at least part of the digestive endoscopy training model can be formed by injection molding or casting molding.
[0071] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims
1. A digestive endoscopy training model, characterized in that: Comprising a head and neck part, a body part, and at least one movable part, wherein: The head and neck part includes an oral cavity and a pharynx, and the oral cavity communicates with the pharynx; The body part includes a digestive system, the digestive system includes an esophagus, a stomach, and a duodenum, the esophagus communicates with the pharynx, the esophagus, the stomach, and the duodenum are integrated, and a papilla is provided at the descending segment of the duodenum; The digestive system further includes a bile duct and / or a pancreatic duct, and the bile duct and / or the pancreatic duct are respectively connected to the papilla of the descending segment of the duodenum; At least one of the movable parts is connected to the digestive system so that the digestive system is movably arranged in the digestive endoscopy training model.
2. The digestive endoscopy training model according to claim 1, wherein: The body part further includes a chest and abdomen part, the digestive system and at least one of the movable parts are arranged in the chest and abdomen part, or, the digestive endoscopy training model further includes a base, one end of the movable part is connected to the base, and the other end of the movable part supports the digestive system, and the digestive system is in a prone position.
3. The digestive endoscopy training model according to claim 2, wherein: The chest and abdomen part further includes ribs, the ribs are arranged on the upper surface of the digestive system, and / or, the chest and abdomen part further includes a skin part, the skin part is arranged on the upper surface of the ribs or the digestive system, and / or, there is a filler in the abdominal cavity of the chest and abdomen part.
4. The digestive endoscopy training model according to claim 1, wherein: The movable part includes an elastomer, and one end of the elastomer is connected to the digestive system, or, the movable part includes an elastomer and a support body, and the elastomer is connected to the digestive system through the support body.
5. The digestive endoscope training model according to claim 1, wherein: The head and neck part further includes at least one of a nose, a tongue, and ears.
6. The digestive endoscopy training model according to claim 1, wherein: The head and neck part includes a head and a neck, the neck is rotatably connected to the body part, and the head is rotatably connected or fixedly connected to the neck.
7. The digestive endoscope training model according to claim 1, wherein: The digestive system further includes at least one of a gallbladder, a liver, and a pancreas.
8. The digestive endoscope training model according to claim 7, wherein: The digestive system further includes a common hepatic duct, the bile duct includes a cystic duct and a common bile duct, the liver surrounds the gallbladder, the gallbladder is in the gallbladder fossa on the back of the liver, and the liver is connected to the gallbladder through the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct.
9. The digestive endoscopy training model according to claim 8, characterized in that: The esophagus is detachably connected to the stomach, and / or, the stomach is detachably connected to the duodenum, and / or, the common hepatic duct is detachably connected to the cystic duct, and / or, one end of the common bile duct is detachably connected to the cystic duct, and the other end is detachably connected to the papilla of the descending segment of the duodenum, and / or, the pancreatic duct is detachably connected to the papilla of the descending segment of the duodenum.
10. The digestive endoscopy training model according to claim 1, wherein: The inside of the stomach and duodenum is a cavity, and at least part of the inner wall surface of the cavity forms folds.
11. The digestive endoscopy training model according to claim 1, wherein: At least part of the digestive system is provided with a diseased part.
12. The digestive endoscopy training model according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least part of the digestive system has electrical conductivity.
13. The digestive endoscopy training model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Shore hardness of the oral cavity and / or the pharynx and / or the digestive system is 0A to 15A.
14. The digestive endoscopy training model according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least part of the head and neck part and / or at least part of the body part are made by 3D printing.