Printing equipment, printing head and three-dimensional printer

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to printing equipment, a printing head and a three-dimensional printer, the printing equipment comprises an extrusion mechanism, a line merging mechanism and a nozzle assembly, and the extrusion mechanism is used for selectively driving a target consumable in a plurality of consumables to advance or retreat; the extrusion mechanism is located at the upstream of a consumable path of the line combining mechanism and the nozzle assembly, and the line combining mechanism comprises a plurality of feeding channels and at least one discharging channel communicated with the feeding channels; and the nozzle assembly is communicated with the discharging channel. The three-dimensional printer comprises the printing equipment. According to the technical scheme, multi-color printing can be achieved without cutting off the consumables.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to a printing device, a print head and a 3D printer. Background Art

[0002] Three-dimensional printer technology is a technology that uses digital model files, with powdered metals or plastics and other bondable materials as printing materials, and constructs three-dimensional objects by adding materials layer by layer. Three-dimensional printer technology belongs to a kind of rapid prototyping manufacturing technology, and can print complex geometric shapes and functional parts. 3D printing technology is developing rapidly, its application scope is constantly expanding, and it has had a profound impact on multiple fields such as manufacturing, medicine, architecture, and art.

[0003] Three-dimensional printers include various types of printers, such as FDM three-dimensional printers. In FDM printers, multi-color printing technology has now become the mainstream. In the existing multi-color printing technology, when using consumables for printing, in order to switch between different colors, the consumables need to be cut off and retracted. And for the switching of consumables, the printing device needs to be moved to a specific position so that the cutter of the printing device is stressed to cut off the consumables. The process of cutting off the consumables takes a long time and the printing efficiency is low. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] To overcome the problems existing in the related art, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a printing device, a print head and a 3D printer that do not need to cut off consumables during multi-color printing.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a printing device, which includes an extrusion mechanism, a line merging mechanism and a nozzle assembly. The extrusion mechanism is used to selectively drive the target consumable among a plurality of consumables to move forward or backward; the extrusion mechanism is located upstream of the consumable paths of the line merging mechanism and the nozzle assembly. The line merging mechanism includes a plurality of feed channels and at least one discharge channel communicating with the feed channels; the nozzle assembly communicates with the discharge channel.

[0006] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a print head, and the print head is the above-mentioned printing device.

[0007] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a 3D printer, and the 3D printer includes the above-mentioned printing device or the above-mentioned print head.

[0008] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:

[0009] The printing device of the present application is provided with an extrusion mechanism, a nozzle assembly, and a line merging mechanism located between the nozzle assembly and the extrusion mechanism. When printing with multi-color or multi-material consumables, instead of using a cutter device for cutting the consumables, the consumables can be directly withdrawn from the discharge channel, and then the new target consumables can be advanced and printed. Since the extrusion mechanism of the present application is located upstream of the consumable path of the line merging mechanism and the nozzle assembly, that is, the line merging mechanism is located in the consumable path between the extrusion mechanism and the nozzle assembly. When the consumables are retracted, the end of the consumables does not pass through the extrusion mechanism. Even if there are irregularities at the end of the consumables, it does not affect the operation of the extrusion mechanism, that is, it does not affect the retraction of the consumables and the next advancement of the consumables. Therefore, when switching the printing of consumables, it is not necessary to cut the consumables, and only the corresponding consumables need to be controlled to advance or retract, thus saving the cutting time of the consumables, improving the printing speed of the model, not requiring a cutter device for cutting the consumables on the printing device, saving the manufacturing cost of the printing device, and reducing the volume of the printing device.

[0010] Other features and advantages of the present utility model will be described in the subsequent specification, and, in part, will become apparent from the specification or will be understood by implementing the present utility model. The objectives and other advantages of the present utility model can be achieved and obtained by the structures specifically pointed out in the written specification, claims, and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 It is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the printing device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0012] Figure 2 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the printing device provided by an embodiment of the application.

[0013] Figure 3 It is a schematic partial exploded structure diagram of the printing device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0014] Figure 4 It is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the cooperation between the material changing driving device and the switching device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0015] Figure 5 It is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the active driving device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0016] Figure 6 It is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the heat dissipation device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0017] Figure 7 It is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the throat tube provided by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0018] The preferred embodiments of the present utility model will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the preferred embodiments of the present utility model are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present utility model can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present utility model more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present utility model to those skilled in the art.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present utility model belongs. The terms used in the description of the present utility model herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present utility model. The singular forms "a", "the", and "said" used in the present utility model and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" used herein refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0020] It should be understood that although the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. may be used in the present utility model to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other.

[0021] The methods and devices adopted by the present utility model, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional reagents, methods, and devices in the technical field.

[0022] As shown in the attached Figure 1 and 2 The embodiments of the present application provide a printing device 1, which is applied to a three-dimensional printer. The printing device 1 is used for multi-color printing. Specifically, the printing device 1 can access consumables of different materials or different colors, so that the target consumable among multiple consumables advances to print a model using the target consumable, or after the target consumable that has been printed among the consumables retreats to a set position, a new target consumable is driven to advance to print a model using the new target consumable.

[0023] The specific number of consumables is not limited. In the present application, multiple consumables are at least 1 consumable, such as specifically 4 consumables.

[0024] The printing device 1 includes a housing 40, an extrusion mechanism 10, a line merging mechanism 20, and a nozzle assembly 30. Among them, the extrusion mechanism 10 is used to selectively drive the target consumable among a plurality of consumables to move forward or backward; the extrusion mechanism 10 is located upstream of the consumable paths of the line merging mechanism 20 and the nozzle assembly 30. The line merging mechanism 20 includes a plurality of feed channels 21 and at least one discharge channel 22 communicating with the feed channels 21; the nozzle assembly 30 is connected to the line merging mechanism 20 and is in communication with the discharge channel 22. In this application, the printing device 1 may not include a cutter device for cutting the consumable. It can be understood that a plurality of consumables means at least 1 consumable.

[0025] The consumable path is the path for moving the consumable. The extrusion mechanism 10 is located upstream of the consumable paths of the line merging mechanism 20 and the nozzle assembly 30, that is, the line merging mechanism 20 is located on the consumable paths of the extrusion mechanism 10 and the nozzle assembly 30. The consumable first passes through the extrusion mechanism 10, then through the line merging mechanism 20, and then through the nozzle assembly 30. Among them, the line merging mechanism 20 and the nozzle assembly 30 can be directly connected or indirectly connected through other devices.

[0026] In this application, the printing device 1 may include a print head, or may further include components other than the print head. Specifically, the printing device 1 of this application may at least include the following situations:

[0027] Situation 1: The printing device 1 includes a print head, the print head includes the nozzle assembly 30, and the extrusion mechanism 10 and the line merging mechanism 20 are located outside the print head; that is, if the print head moves, the extrusion mechanism 10 and the line merging mechanism 20 do not move synchronously with the print head. In this case, the print head of the printing device may further include a housing 40, and the nozzle assembly 30 may be directly or indirectly disposed on the housing 40, that is, it may move synchronously with the housing 40.

[0028] Situation 2: The printing device 1 includes a print head, the print head includes the nozzle assembly 30 and the line merging mechanism 20, and the extrusion mechanism 10 is located outside the print head; that is, if the print head moves, the line merging mechanism 20 moves synchronously with the print head, while the extrusion mechanism 10 does not move synchronously with the print head. In this case, the print head of the printing device may further include a housing 40, and the nozzle assembly 30 and the line merging mechanism 20 may be directly or indirectly disposed on the housing 40, that is, it may move synchronously with the housing 40.

[0029] Case 3: The printing device 1 includes a print head, and the print head includes an extrusion mechanism 10, a circuit merging mechanism 20, and a nozzle assembly 30. That is, if the print head moves, the extrusion mechanism 10, the circuit merging mechanism 20, and the nozzle assembly 30 will move synchronously. In this case, the print head of the printing device may further include a housing 40, and the extrusion mechanism 10, the circuit merging mechanism 20, and the nozzle assembly 30 may be directly or indirectly disposed on the housing 40, that is, they may move synchronously with the housing 40.

[0030] It can be understood that in Case 1 or Case 2, if a component does not belong to the print head, then that component is not connected to the housing 40 of the housing, that is, it does not move synchronously with the housing. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The situation shown belongs to Case 3.

[0031] Next, the printing device 1 will be further described. The following description can be used for Case 1 and / or Case 2 and / or Case 3.

[0032] The number of the feed channels 21 may be the same as the number of the consumables and corresponds to the positions of the consumables to accommodate the consumables.

[0033] Among them, the same feed channel 21 may include one channel or multiple connected channels. For example, the feed channel 21 may include a first feed channel 231 and a second feed channel 251.

[0034] In use, the user manually inserts the end of the consumable into the extrusion mechanism 10, or other devices insert the end of the consumable into the extrusion mechanism 10. When it is necessary to use the target consumable to print a model, the target consumable is driven to advance. After the target consumable passes through the feed channel 21 of the circuit merging mechanism 20, it enters the discharge channel 22 and then enters the nozzle assembly 30. The nozzle assembly 30 melts and sprays the consumable to print the model on the printing platform of the 3D printer. If the current target consumable is temporarily used up, the extrusion mechanism 10 is controlled to drive the target consumable to retreat, and the target consumable retreats at least out of the discharge channel 22 so that the target consumable does not hinder the advancement of the new target consumable. The use process of the new target consumable is the same as the process of the previous target consumable advancing and printing, and will not be further described here. It can be understood that during printing, if a certain consumable is included in the discharge channel 22 and this certain consumable is not the consumable to be used, then this certain consumable is retreated from the target channel.

[0035] In this application, by providing an extrusion mechanism 10, a nozzle assembly 30, and a line merging mechanism 20 for the consumable path located between the nozzle assembly 30 and the extrusion mechanism 10, when performing multi-color or multi-material consumable printing, instead of using a cutter device for cutting the consumable to cut the consumable, the consumable can be directly retracted from the discharge channel 22, and then the new target consumable can be advanced and printed. Since the extrusion mechanism 10 of this application is located upstream of the consumable paths of the line merging mechanism 20 and the nozzle assembly 30, that is, the line merging mechanism 20 is located in the consumable path between the extrusion mechanism 10 and the nozzle assembly 30, when the consumable is retracted, the end of the consumable does not need to pass through the extrusion mechanism 10. Even if there are irregularities at the end of the consumable, it does not affect the operation of the extrusion mechanism 10, that is, it does not affect the retraction of the consumable and the next advancement of the consumable. Therefore, when switching consumable printing, there is no need to cut the consumable, and only the corresponding consumable needs to be controlled to advance or retract, thus saving the cutting time of the consumable, improving the printing speed of the model, eliminating the need to provide a cutter device for cutting the consumable on the printing device 1, saving the manufacturing cost of the printing device 1, and reducing the volume of the printing device 1.

[0036] Please refer to Figure 3 , the specific structure of the extrusion mechanism 10 is not limited, as long as it can drive the advancement or retraction of the consumable. The extrusion mechanism 10 can adopt any existing extrusion mechanism 10 or a newly designed extrusion mechanism 10 in the future.

[0037] Optionally, the extrusion mechanism 10 includes a material change driving device 11, a switching device 12, a main driving device 14, and at least two clamping devices 13. The clamping devices 13 are at least located on one side of the main driving device 14. The material change driving device 11 is drivingly connected to the switching device 12, and the switching device 12 is drivingly connected to the clamping devices 13, so that the target clamping device 13 among the at least two clamping devices 13 selectively clamps the consumable with the main driving device 14 to drive the target consumable to advance or retract. Specifically, the material change driving device 11 can drive the switching device 12 to rotate, so that the clamping device 13 connected to the switching device 12 approaches or moves away from the main driving device 14, and the main driving device 14 is used for rotation to drive the target consumable to advance or retract.

[0038] The extrusion mechanism 10 includes a material change driving device 11, a switching device 12, a main driving device 14, and at least two clamping devices 13. The clamping devices 13 are at least located on one side of the main driving device 14. The material change driving device 11 is drivingly connected to the switching device 12, and the switching device 12 is drivingly connected to the clamping devices 13, so that the target clamping device 13 among at least two clamping devices 13 selectively clamps the consumable with the main driving device 14 to drive the target consumable forward or backward. There is only one main driving device in this application, which can selectively clamp the target consumable with different clamping devices to drive the target consumable forward or backward, reducing the number of main driving devices, resulting in a simple structure of the extrusion mechanism and a reduced volume of the extrusion mechanism.

[0039] In this embodiment, the number of the clamping devices 13 is not limited. The number of the clamping devices 13 is the same as the number of the consumables. Each clamping device 13 is used to clamp a consumable so that the main driving device 14 drives the consumable forward or backward. For example, the printing device 1 includes four clamping devices 13, two of which are located on one side of the main driving device 14, and the other two clamping devices 13 are located on the other side of the main driving device 14. Such a layout can save space, improve space utilization rate, accommodate more clamping devices 13 in a limited space, facilitate the miniaturization of the printing device 1, and does not affect other components, such as the layout of the line merging mechanism 20. The structure is simple, easy to manufacture, and has a low cost. Optionally, the extrusion mechanism 10 includes at least four material change driving mechanisms, at least two clamping devices 13 are located on one side of the main driving device 14, and at least two clamping devices 13 are located on the other side of the main driving device 14.

[0040] It can be understood that the number of the clamping devices 13 and the local position mode here are an exemplary description, and the number and layout are not limited. In other ways, the four clamping devices 13 can be arranged in a row and all set on the same side of the main driving device.

[0041] The clamping device 13 includes a passive wheel 131, a movable rod 132, and an elastic member 133. The movable rod 132 can be movably connected to the housing 40. The passive wheel 131 is rotatably connected to the movable rod 132. The elastic member 133 is respectively connected to the housing 40 and the movable rod 132. The elastic member 133 is used to apply a force to the movable rod 132 to approach the main driving device 14 so that the passive wheel 131 and the main driving device 14 clamp the consumable. In this application, the connection includes the case of abutment.

[0042] The structure of the driven wheel 131 is not limited as long as it can contact the consumable and can clamp the consumable together with the active driving device 14. Exemplarily, a first groove for accommodating the consumable is provided on the driven wheel 131, and the side wall of the first groove can be roughened to increase the friction between the consumable and the driven wheel 131. For example, concave lines can be formed on the side wall of the first groove, and the concave lines are arranged along the circumferential direction of the driven wheel 131. The number of driven wheels 131 included in each clamping device 13 is not limited, such as including one or more driven wheels 131. In the embodiment of the present application, each clamping device 13 may include one driven wheel 131, so the printing device 1 includes four driven wheels 131. Two driven wheels 131 are located on one side of the active driving device 14, and the other two driven wheels 131 are located on the other side of the active driving device 14, so that the driven wheels on the same side of the active driving device 14 are arranged side by side.

[0043] The structure and type of the elastic member 133 are not limited. For example, the elastic member 133 can be a torsion spring, a spring, elastic silica gel, etc. The number of elastic members 133 is also not limited. One clamping device 13 can include one or more elastic members 133 as long as the elastic member 133 can apply a force to the movable rod 132 to approach the active driving device 14. In the embodiment of the present application, the elastic member 133 is a torsion spring, and each clamping device 13 only includes one torsion spring, and the torsion springs are respectively connected to the housing 40 and the movable rod 132.

[0044] The movable rod 132 includes a rotating portion 1321 and a connecting portion 1322. The rotating portion 1321 is connected to the connecting portion 1322. One end of the rotating portion 1321 away from the connecting portion 1322 is rotatably connected to the housing 40. The driven wheel 131 is connected to one end of the connecting portion 1322 close to the rotating portion 1321, and the elastic member 133 is respectively connected to the housing 40 and the connecting portion 1322. One end of the rotating portion 1321 away from the connecting portion 1322 is rotatably connected to the housing 40, and the driven wheel 131 is connected to one end of the connecting portion 1322 close to the rotating portion 1321, which can make the driven wheel 131 protrude towards the active driving device 14, so that the rotating portion 1321 and the connecting portion 1322 are not likely to interfere with the active driving device 14. One end of the rotating portion 1321 away from the connecting portion 1322, that is, the position on the rotating portion 1321 where the distance from the connecting portion 1322 is greater than half of the length of the rotating portion 1321. One end of the connecting portion 1322 close to the rotating portion 1321, that is, the position on the connecting portion 1322 where the distance from the rotating portion 1321 is less than half of the length of the connecting portion 1322.

[0045] Among them, the rotating portion 1321 and the connecting portion 1322 can be integrally formed. The materials of the rotating portion 1321 and the connecting portion 1322 are not limited. For example, both the rotating portion 1321 and the connecting portion 1322 can be made of plastic or metal, etc.

[0046] A contact portion 1323 is provided on the connecting portion 1322 of the movable rod 132. The contact portion 1323 is used to contact the switching device 12. The switching device 12 is used to push the contact portion 1323 away from the switching device 12, or make way for the contact portion 1323, so that the contact portion 1323, the movable rod 132 and the driven wheel 131 approach the active driving device 14. The contact portion 1323 may protrude towards the switching device 12. The shape of the contact portion 1323 is not limited. In this application, the contact portion 1323 is rod-shaped, and one end of the contact portion 1323 close to the switching device 12 is smoothed to facilitate the switching device 12 to push the contact portion 1323. For example, one end of the contact portion 1323 close to the switching device 12 is arc-shaped. The contact portion 1323 may be integrally formed with the connecting portion 1322. The material of the contact portion 1323 is not limited. For example, the contact portion 1323 may be made of plastic.

[0047] A rotating shaft 41 may protrude from the housing 40 so that the rotating portion 1321 of the movable rod 132 of the clamping device 13 is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft 41, that is, the rotating portion 1321 is rotationally connected to the rotating shaft of the rotating portion 1321.

[0048] The switching device 12 is used to enable the driven wheel 131 and the active driving device 14 to clamp the consumables at a certain moment. For example, 1 or 2 consumables can be clamped at one moment. In the embodiment of this application, the switching device 12 is used to enable the driven wheel 131 and the active driving device 14 to clamp at most 1 consumable at a certain moment. A reversing groove 121 is provided on the switching device 12 and arranged along the circumferential direction. The reversing groove 121 is used to make way for the contact portion 1323 of the clamping device 13, so that the contact portion 1323, the connecting portion 1322 and the driven wheel 131 can approach the active driving device 14, so that the driven wheel 131 and the active driving device 14 can clamp the consumables. The material of the switching device 12 is not limited. For example, the material of the switching device 12 may be plastic or metal, etc.

[0049] The specific structure of the reversing groove 121 is not limited. For example, the shape of the reversing groove 121 matches the contact portion. In this application, the cross-sectional shape of the reversing groove 121 is arc-shaped to facilitate the rotation of the switching device 12 to realize the contact and separation between the contact portion 1323 and the groove wall of the reversing groove 121. The reversing groove 121 is arranged along the circumferential direction, that is, the reversing grooves 121 are arranged in a staggered manner. The projections of different reversing grooves 121 on the cross-section of the switching device 12 are located at different positions, so that at any moment, only one clamping device 13 clamps the consumables. The reversing grooves 121 may be distributed on different planes; thus, the clamping devices 13 can be distributed on different planes, which can improve the space utilization rate. At least one reversing groove 121 is distributed on each plane. In this application, one reversing groove is distributed in each plane to drive at least two clamping devices 13 arranged on one plane.

[0050] If the printing device 1 includes at least four clamping devices 13, at least two reversing grooves 121 are provided on the switching device 12, the reversing grooves 121 are distributed on at least two planes, and at least one reversing groove 121 is provided on each plane. In one embodiment, the number of the reversing grooves 121 is two. The positions of the reversing grooves can be reasonably arranged so that the gear positions of the clamping devices 13 can be adjusted to five, that is, one of the positions is in neutral. In the neutral state, all the clamping devices 13 and the active driving device 14 will not clamp the consumables.

[0051] Please refer to Figure 4 , the material changing driving device 11 is used to drive the switching device 12 to rotate. The specific structure of the material changing driving device 11 is not limited as long as it can drive the switching device 12 to rotate.

[0052] Specifically, the material changing driving device 11 includes a first motor 111, a worm 112 connected to the first motor 111, and a worm gear 113 drivingly connected to the worm 112. The worm gear 113 is coaxially connected to the switching device 12; or,

[0053] The material changing driving device 11 includes a first motor 111, a first gear drivingly connected to the first motor 111, and a second gear drivingly connected to the first gear. The diameter of the second gear is larger than that of the first gear. The second gear is coaxially connected to the switching device 12, and the diameter of the second gear is larger than that of the switching device 12.

[0054] The above two structures of the material changing driving device 11 are exemplary descriptions of the embodiments of the present application, and do not limit the specific structure of the material changing driving device 11.

[0055] Please refer to Figure 5 , the active driving device 14 includes a driving mechanism (not labeled) and an active wheel 141 drivingly connected to the driving mechanism. The active wheel 141 is used to clamp the consumables with the clamping device 13.

[0056] The specific structure of the driving mechanism is not limited as long as it can drive the active wheel 141 to rotate. For example, the driving mechanism includes a second motor 142, a motor driving wheel 143 drivingly connected to the second motor 142, and a reduction wheel 144 drivingly connected to the motor driving wheel 143. The diameter of the reduction wheel 144 is larger than that of the motor driving wheel 143. The reduction wheel 144 is coaxially connected to the active wheel 141, and the diameter of the reduction wheel 144 is larger than that of the active wheel 141.

[0057] The specific structure of the driving wheel 141 is not limited as long as it can contact the consumable and can clamp the consumable together with the driven wheel 131. Exemplarily, a second groove for accommodating the consumable is provided on the driving wheel 141, and the side wall of the second groove can be roughened to increase the friction between the consumable and the driving wheel 141. For example, concave lines can be formed on the side wall of the second groove, and the concave lines are arranged along the circumferential direction of the driven wheel 131.

[0058] The driving device 14 includes at least two driving wheels 141, and different driving wheels 141 are located on different planes. In the embodiment of the present application, at least two driving wheels 141 are coaxially connected to the reduction wheel 144 of the driving mechanism to achieve synchronous rotation.

[0059] Each driving wheel 141 corresponds to at least one clamping device 13, that is, each driving wheel 141 corresponds to at least one driven wheel 131. In the embodiment of the present application, each driving wheel 141 corresponds to two clamping devices 13, that is, each driving wheel 141 corresponds to two driven wheels 131. One clamping device 13 is respectively arranged on each side of the driving wheel 141, that is, two clamping devices 13 are arranged on both sides of the driving wheel 141. If the printing device 1 includes four clamping devices 13, the printing device 1 includes two driving wheels 141.

[0060] The number of the discharge channels 22 included in the line merging mechanism 20 is not limited.

[0061] One discharge channel 22, the printing device 1 includes one nozzle assembly 30, and the number of the nozzle assemblies 30 is the same as the number of the discharge channels 22; or

[0062] The line merging mechanism 20 includes a plurality of discharge channels 22, the printing device 1 includes a plurality of nozzle assemblies 30, and the number of the nozzle assemblies 30 is the same as the number of the discharge channels 22.

[0063] Specifically, the line merging mechanism 20 may include a feeding member and a discharging member; the feeding member and the discharging member are connected, a feeding channel 21 is formed on the feeding member, the discharge channel 22 is arranged on the discharging member, or the discharge channel 22 is arranged on both the discharging member and the feeding member at the same time; the feeding channel 21 corresponds to the consumable passing through the extrusion mechanism 10, and the discharging member is connected to the nozzle assembly 30.

[0064] It can be understood that the feeding channel 21 corresponds to the consumable passing through the extrusion mechanism 10, that is, the consumable of the extrusion mechanism 10 can enter the feeding channel.

[0065] The line merging mechanism 20 includes a feeding member and a discharging member, that is, the line merging mechanism 20 is split into two components, namely the feeding member and the discharging member, so that the feeding channel 21 and the discharge channel 22 are easier to form and the processing difficulty is lower.

[0066] Among them, the situation where the line merging mechanism 20 is located on the print head includes situation two and situation three. The print head may further include a heat dissipation device 23 and a throat tube 24. The heat dissipation device 23 is connected to the throat tube 24, and the throat tube 24 is connected to the nozzle assembly 30. The feeding part and the discharging part of the line merging mechanism 20 may be located upstream of the consumable path of the heat dissipation device 23 and the throat tube 24. For example, the heat dissipation device 23 may be directly or indirectly connected to the line merging mechanism 20; or the feeding part includes the heat dissipation device 23 and the discharging part includes the throat tube 24. If the feeding part includes the heat dissipation device 23 and the discharging part includes the throat tube 24, the volume of the print head can be further reduced, the retraction length of the consumable can be reduced, the model printing time can be shorter, and the printing efficiency can be improved.

[0067] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 6 and Figure 7 , optionally, in situation two or situation three where the line merging mechanism 20 is located on the print head, the nozzle assembly 30 may be connected to the line merging mechanism 20.

[0068] Among them, the line merging mechanism 20 may include a heat dissipation device 23 and a throat tube 24. The heat dissipation device 23 is connected to the throat tube 24. The above-mentioned feeding channel 21 is opened on the heat dissipation device 23, and the above-mentioned discharging channel 22 is arranged on the throat tube 24, or the discharging channel 22 is arranged on both the throat tube 24 and the heat dissipation device 23 at the same time. The feeding channel 21 corresponds to the consumable passing through the extrusion mechanism 10, and the throat tube 24 is connected to the nozzle assembly 30. The heat dissipation device 23 may not be directly connected to the extrusion mechanism 10 and may be at a certain distance from the extrusion mechanism 10. It can be understood that the line merging mechanism 20 does not limit the specific positions where the feeding channel 21 and the discharging channel 22 are opened, as long as the feeding channel 21 and the discharging channel 22 are located on the consumable path between the extrusion mechanism 10 and the nozzle assembly 30. In the embodiments of the present application, the description of the opening positions of the feeding channel 21 and the discharging channel 22 is only an exemplary description and is not limited thereto.

[0069] A plurality of first feeding channels 231 and connection channels 232 communicating with the feeding channel 21 are opened on the heat dissipation device 23. One discharging channel 22 is opened on the throat tube 24. One end of the throat tube 24 is connected to the heat dissipation device 23 through the connection channel 232 to enable the first feeding channels 231 to communicate with the discharging channel 22. The specific shape and material of the heat dissipation device 23 are not limited. For example, the heat dissipation device 23 further includes heat dissipation fins, and the material of the heat dissipation device 23 may be a heat-dissipating metal such as aluminum or copper.

[0070] The first feeding channel 231 is used for passing consumables. The shape of the first feeding channel 231 is not limited. For example, the first feeding channel 231 can be linear or arc-shaped. In this application, the cross-sectional area of the first feeding channel 231 is circular. One end of the first feeding channel 231 far from the connecting channel 232 is opened at the first end of the heat dissipation device 23, which is convenient for the opening of the first feeding channel 231. The length of the first feeding channel 231 is 6 - 20 mm, and the diameter of the first feeding channel 231 is 1.5 - 2.5 mm. The diameter of the first feeding channel 231 can be reasonably set according to the consumables to be passed. It can be understood that the diameter of the channel or hole for passing consumables needs to be greater than or equal to the diameter of the consumables. If the length of the first feeding channel 231 is too long, it will affect the time for the initial consumables to pass through the first feeding channel 231 and cause the height of the print head to be too large, which is not conducive to the miniaturization of the print head. If the length of the first feeding channel 231 is too short, it is not conducive to the combination of the first feeding channel 231 and the discharging channel 22, and may cause the size of the heat dissipation device 23 to be too small, affecting the heat dissipation efficiency. Among them, the distance between the ends of multiple first feeding channels 231 far from the connecting channel 232 is less than the distance between the ends of multiple first feeding channels 231 close to the connecting channel 232, that is, the distance between the ends of any two first feeding channels 231 far from the nozzle assembly 30 is farther than the distance between the ends close to the nozzle assembly 30, so that the distance between the ends of the two first feeding channels 231 far from the nozzle assembly 30 is larger, leaving more space to connect components for transmitting consumables, such as Teflon tubes or other components that limit the movement of consumables, such as the channels opened in the housing 50.

[0071] The connecting channel 232 is used for connecting the throat tube 24 and the heat dissipation device 23. The shape of the connecting channel 232 is not limited. For example, it can be linear. In this application, the cross-section of the connecting channel 232 is circular. The specific connection method between the throat tube 24 and the heat dissipation device 23 is not limited. For example, it can be threaded connection, riveting or fixed by set screws, etc. Threads can be opened on the inner wall of the specific connecting channel 232. Optionally, the throat tube 24 and the heat dissipation device 23 can be detachably connected. The detachable connection method is not limited, as long as the rapid disassembly of the throat tube 24 and the heat dissipation device 23 can be realized. The length of the connecting channel 232 is 5 - 15 mm, and the diameter of the connecting channel 232 is 5.3 - 7 mm. If the length of the connecting channel 232 is too short, it is difficult to firmly fix the throat tube 24. If the length of the connecting channel 232 is too long, it will cause the heat dissipation device 23 to be too large, which is not conducive to the miniaturization of the print head.

[0072] One end of the connection channel 232 away from the first feed channel is opened at the second end of the heat dissipation device 23 opposite to the first end, so that it is easy to open the connection channel 232. Among them, the projections of the ends of the plurality of first feed channels 231 close to the connection channel 232 on the connection channel 232 are located on the connection channel 232. Due to the projection relationship between the first feed channel 231 and the connection channel 232, the first feed channel 231 can be directly opened from the first end of the heat dissipation device 23, and the connection channel 232 can be directly opened from the second end of the heat dissipation device 23, so that the connection between the first feed channel 231 and the connection channel 232 can be directly realized, which is easy to open the first feed channel 231 and the connection channel 232, and reduces the processing difficulty of the heat dissipation device 23.

[0073] The connection method between the throat tube 24 and the nozzle assembly 30 is not limited. For example, the throat tube 24 can be threadedly connected, interference-fitted, riveted, connected by set screws, etc. with the nozzle assembly 30. The length of the throat tube 24 is 14 - 25 mm. If the length of the throat tube 24 is too small, it is difficult to firmly fix the heat dissipation device 23 and the nozzle assembly 30. If the length of the throat tube 24 is too large, it is difficult to reduce the size of the print head.

[0074] A communication channel 241 communicating with the discharge channel 22 is further provided on the throat tube 24. The plurality of first feed channels 231 are respectively communicated through the communication channel 241 and the discharge channel 22, that is, the plurality of first feed channels 231 are all communicated through the communication channel 241 and the discharge channel 22. One end of the throat tube 24 provided with the discharge channel 22 is connected to the nozzle assembly 30. The length of the discharge channel 22 is 5 - 15 mm, and the diameter of the discharge channel 22 is 1.5 - 2.5 mm. The length of the communication channel 241 is 5 - 15 mm; the maximum diameter of the communication channel 241 is 5 - 7 mm. The maximum diameter of the communication channel 241 being 5 - 7 mm will make the consumables in the first feed channel easier to enter the communication channel 241 so as to enter the discharge channel 22. The appropriate lengths of the discharge channel 22 and the communication channel 241 facilitate the miniaturization of the print head.

[0075] The size of the communication channel 241 is larger than that of the discharge channel 22, so that when the consumables are retracted, the end of the consumables does not need to retract to the first feed channel 231, but can stay in the communication channel, so that the end of the consumables will not block the advancement of other consumables. Specifically, the size of one end of the communication channel 241 close to the nozzle assembly 30 is smaller than the size of one end of the communication channel 241 away from the nozzle assembly 30. That is, the shape of the communication channel 241 is conical.

[0076] The projections of multiple first feeding channels 231 on the communication channel 241 near one end of the connection channel 232 are located inside the end of the connection channel 232 far from the nozzle assembly 30. Thus, when the throat tube 24 is installed in the connection channel 232, the alignment between the first feeding channel 231 and the communication channel 241 can be directly achieved, facilitating assembly.

[0077] Optionally, the line merging mechanism 20 further includes a communication device 25. A plurality of second feeding channels 251 are provided on the communication device 25. The second feeding channels 251 correspond to the consumables passing through the extrusion mechanism 10, and the second feeding channels 251 also correspond to the first feeding channels 231 one by one.

[0078] The specific structure of the communication device 25 is not limited. The communication device 25 can be connected to the housing 40. Optionally, the communication device 25 can be integrally formed with the housing 40. In other implementation manners, the communication device 25 is a consumable guiding tube. The distance between the communication device 25 and the heat dissipation device 23 is 0.1 mm - 5 mm, that is, there is a gap between the communication device 25 and the heat dissipation device 23.

[0079] Wherein, the printing device 1 can further include an elastic connecting member connected to the housing 40 and a force sensor provided on the elastic connecting member. When the nozzle assembly 30 of the printing device 1 touches the printing platform of the 3D printer, the elastic connecting member deforms, so that the force sensor senses the deformation of the elastic connecting member, and thus the contact between the nozzle assembly 30 and the printing platform can be sensed, facilitating the leveling of the 3D printer. Wherein, there is a gap between the communication device 25 and the heat dissipation device 23, facilitating the deformation of the elastic connecting member.

[0080] The nozzle assembly 30 includes a heating device 31 and a nozzle 32. The heating device 31 is connected to the nozzle 32. The heating device 31 can also be connected to the discharging member, that is, the heating device 31 can also be connected to the throat tube 24. It can be understood that if the throat tube 24 does not belong to the line merging mechanism 20, the heating device 31 can be connected to the throat tube 24.

[0081] The heating device 31 is used to melt the consumables entering the heating device 31 from the discharging channel 22, so as to be ejected from the nozzle 32 for printing. The heating device 31 and the nozzle 32 are common structures in the art. Any currently existing nozzle assembly 30 or nozzle assembly 30 designed in the future, as long as it is within the design concept of the present application, is within the protection scope of the present application.

[0082] Wherein, the printing device 1 can further include a material breakage detection device, and the material breakage detection device is arranged at one end of the extrusion mechanism 10 far from the nozzle assembly 30; and / or

[0083] The printing device 1 further includes a material blockage detection device, which is arranged at one end of the extrusion mechanism 10 away from the nozzle assembly 30. The specific structure of the material breakage detection device or the material blockage detection device is not limited in this application, as long as it can detect material breakage or material blockage of the consumable material.

[0084] Among them, the consumable material in the nozzle assembly 30 is the melted consumable material, the consumable material in the feeding channel 21 is the unmelted consumable material, and at least part of the consumable material in the discharging channel 22 is the solid consumable material.

[0085] This application also provides a print head, which can be the printing device 1 in the above embodiment and has all the functions and advantages of the above printing device 1. The print head can include the extrusion mechanism 10, or the line merging mechanism 20, or the heat dissipation device 23, or the throat tube 24 in the foregoing embodiment.

[0086] This application also provides a 3D printer, which includes the above extrusion mechanism 10, or the line merging mechanism 20, or the heat dissipation device 23, or the throat tube 24, or the printing device 1 or the print head in the above embodiment, and has all the functions and advantages of the above extrusion mechanism 10, or the line merging mechanism 20, or the heat dissipation device 23, or the throat tube 24, or the printing device 1 or the print head in the above embodiment.

[0087] In other embodiments, reference numeral 1, a printing device 1 in this application, the printing device 1 includes an extrusion mechanism 10, a line merging mechanism 20, and a nozzle assembly 30. The extrusion mechanism 10 is used to selectively drive the target consumable material among a plurality of consumable materials to move forward or backward; the extrusion mechanism 10 is located upstream of the consumable material path of the line merging mechanism 20 and the nozzle assembly 30. The line merging mechanism 20 includes a plurality of feeding channels 21 and at least one discharging channel 22 communicating with the feeding channels 21; the nozzle assembly 30 communicates with the discharging channel 22.

[0088] Reference numeral 2, on the basis of reference numeral 1, the number of the feeding channels 21 is the same as the number of the consumable materials and corresponds to the positions of the consumable materials to accommodate the consumable materials;

[0089] The line merging mechanism 20 includes one discharging channel 22, the printing device 1 includes one nozzle assembly 30, and the number of the nozzle assemblies 30 is the same as the number of the discharging channels 22; or

[0090] The line merging mechanism 20 includes a plurality of discharging channels 22, the printing device 1 includes a plurality of nozzle assemblies 30, and the number of the nozzle assemblies 30 is the same as the number of the discharging channels 22.

[0091] Reference numeral 3, on the basis of reference numeral 1, the line merging mechanism 20 and the nozzle assembly 30 are directly connected.

[0092] Reference numeral 4. Based on reference numeral 1, the printing device 1 includes a print head, and the print head includes an extrusion mechanism 10, a line merging mechanism 20, and a nozzle assembly 30.

[0093] Reference numeral 5. Based on reference numeral 4, the line merging mechanism 20 includes a feed member and a discharge member; the feed member and the discharge member are connected, a feed channel 21 is provided on the feed member, a discharge channel 22 is provided on the discharge member, or the discharge channel 22 is provided on both the discharge member and the feed member;

[0094] The feed channel 21 corresponds to the consumable passing through the extrusion mechanism 10, and the discharge member is connected to the nozzle assembly 30.

[0095] Reference numeral 6. Based on reference numeral 5, the feed member includes a heat dissipation device 23, the discharge member includes a throat tube 24, the heat dissipation device 23 is connected to the throat tube 24, a feed channel 21 is provided on the heat dissipation device 23, a discharge channel 22 is provided on the throat tube 24, or the discharge channel 22 is provided on both the throat tube 24 and the heat dissipation device 23;

[0096] The feed channel 21 corresponds to the consumable passing through the extrusion mechanism 10, and the throat tube 24 is connected to the nozzle assembly 30.

[0097] Reference numeral 7. Based on reference numeral 6, a plurality of first feed channels 231 and a connection channel 232 communicating with the feed channel 21 are provided on the heat dissipation device 23, a discharge channel 22 is provided on the throat tube 24, and one end of the throat tube 24 is connected to the heat dissipation device 23 through the connection channel 232 so that the first feed channels 231 communicate with the discharge channel 22.

[0098] Reference numeral 8. Based on reference numeral 7, the length of the connection channel 232 is 5 - 15 mm, and the diameter of the connection channel 232 is 5.3 - 7 mm;

[0099] The length of the first feed channel 231 is 6 - 20 mm; the diameter of the first feed channel 231 is 1.5 - 2.5 mm.

[0100] Reference numeral 9. Based on reference numeral 7, the projection of one end of the plurality of first feed channels 231 close to the connection channel 232 on the connection channel 232 is located within the connection channel 232;

[0101] One end of the first feed channel 231 far from the connection channel 232 is provided at the first end of the heat dissipation device 23, and one end of the connection channel 232 far from the first feed channel 231 is provided at the second end of the heat dissipation device 23 opposite to the first end.

[0102] Reference numeral 10. Based on reference numeral 7, a communication channel 241 communicating with the discharge channel 22 is further provided on the throat pipe 24. A plurality of first feed channels 231 are respectively communicated through the communication channel 241 and the discharge channel 22. One end of the throat pipe 24 provided with the discharge channel 22 is connected to the nozzle assembly 30.

[0103] Reference numeral 11. Based on reference numeral 10, the length of the throat pipe 24 is 14 - 25 mm; the length of the discharge channel 22 is 5 - 15 mm, the diameter of the discharge channel 22 is 1.5 - 2.5 mm, the length of the communication channel 241 is 5 - 15 mm, and the maximum diameter of the communication channel 241 is 5 - 7 mm.

[0104] Reference numeral 12. Based on reference numeral 10, the size of one end of the communication channel 241 close to the nozzle assembly 30 is smaller than the size of the end of the communication channel 241 far from the nozzle assembly 30.

[0105] Reference numeral 13. Based on reference numeral 12, the projection of the end of a plurality of first feed channels 231 close to the connection channel 232 on the communication channel 241 is located inside the end of the connection channel 232 far from the nozzle assembly 30.

[0106] Reference numeral 14. Based on reference numeral 7, the line merging mechanism 20 further includes a communication device 25. A plurality of second feed channels 251 are provided on the communication device 25. The second feed channels 251 correspond to the consumables passing through the extrusion mechanism 10, and the second feed channels 251 also correspond to the first feed channels 231 one by one.

[0107] Reference numeral 15. Based on reference numeral 14, the distance between the communication device 25 and the heat dissipation device 23 is 0.1 mm - 5 mm.

[0108] Reference numeral 16. Based on reference numeral 7, the printing device 1 further includes a housing 40, an elastic connecting member connected to the housing 40, and a force sensor provided on the elastic connecting member.

[0109] Reference numeral 17. Based on reference numeral 4, the printing device 1 further includes a material breakage detection device, and the material breakage detection device is provided at one end of the extrusion mechanism 10 far from the nozzle assembly 30; and / or

[0110] The printing device 1 further includes a material blockage detection device, and the material blockage detection device is provided at one end of the extrusion mechanism 10 far from the nozzle assembly 30.

[0111] Reference numeral 18. Based on reference numeral 5, the nozzle assembly 30 includes a heating device 31 and a nozzle 32. The heating device 31 is detachably connected to the discharging member, and the heating device 31 is also detachably connected to the nozzle 32.

[0112] Reference numeral 19. Based on reference numeral 1, the printing device 1 does not include a cutter device for cutting the consumables.

[0113] Reference numeral 20. Based on reference numeral 1, the printing device 1 includes a print head, the print head includes a nozzle assembly 30, and the extrusion mechanism 10 and the line merging mechanism 20 are located outside the print head; or,

[0114] The printing device 1 includes a print head, the print head includes a nozzle assembly 30 and a line merging mechanism 20, and the extrusion mechanism 10 is located outside the print head.

[0115] Reference numeral 21. Based on reference numeral 20, if the print head includes a nozzle assembly 30 and a line merging mechanism 20, and the extrusion mechanism 10 is located outside the print head, the print head further includes a heat dissipation device 23 and a throat tube 24. The heat dissipation device 23 is connected to the throat tube 24, the throat tube 24 is connected to the nozzle assembly 30, and the heat dissipation device 23 is also directly or indirectly connected to the line merging mechanism 20.

[0116] Reference numeral 22. Based on reference numeral 1, the extrusion mechanism 10 includes a material change driving device 11, a switching device 12, a main driving device 14, and at least two clamping devices 13. The clamping devices 13 are at least located on one side of the main driving device 14. The material change driving device 11 is drivingly connected to the switching device 12, and the switching device 12 is drivingly connected to the clamping devices 13, so that the target clamping device 13 among the at least two clamping devices 13 selectively clamps the consumable material with the main driving device 14 to drive the target consumable material forward or backward.

[0117] Reference numeral 23. Based on reference numeral 22, the printing device 1 includes four clamping devices 13, where two clamping devices 13 are located on one side of the main driving device 14, and the other two clamping devices 13 are located on the other side of the main driving device 14.

[0118] Reference numeral 24. Based on reference numeral 22, the printing device 1 further includes a housing 40. The clamping device 13 includes a passive wheel 131, a movable rod 132, and an elastic member 133. The movable rod 132 is movably connected to the housing 40, the passive wheel 131 is rotatably connected to the movable rod 132, and the elastic member 133 is respectively connected to the housing 40 and the movable rod 132. The elastic member 133 is used to apply a force to the movable rod 132 to approach the main driving device 14, so that the passive wheel 131 and the main driving device 14 clamp the consumable material.

[0119] Reference numeral 25. Based on reference numeral 24, the movable rod 132 includes a rotating portion 1321 and a connecting portion 1322. The rotating portion 1321 is connected to the connecting portion 1322. One end of the rotating portion 1321 away from the connecting portion 1322 is rotatably connected to the housing 40, the passive wheel 131 is connected to one end of the connecting portion 1322 close to the rotating portion 1321, and the elastic member 133 is respectively connected to the housing 40 and the connecting portion 1322.

[0120] Reference numeral 26. Based on reference numeral 24, an abutting portion 1323 is provided on the movable rod 132. The abutting portion 1323 is used to abut against the switching device 12. The switching device 12 is used to push the abutting portion 1323 away from the switching device 12 or make way for the abutting portion 1323, so that the abutting portion 1323, the movable rod 132 and the driven wheel 131 approach the main driving device 14.

[0121] Reference numeral 27. Based on reference numeral 26, a reversing groove 121 is provided on the switching device 12 along the circumferential direction. The reversing groove 121 is used to make way for the abutting portion 1323.

[0122] Reference numeral 28. Based on reference numeral 27, the reversing grooves 121 are distributed on different planes.

[0123] Reference numeral 29. Based on reference numeral 28, the printing device 1 includes at least four clamping devices 13. At least two reversing grooves 121 are provided on the switching device 12. The reversing grooves 121 are distributed on at least two planes, and at least one reversing groove 121 is provided on each plane.

[0124] Reference numeral 30. Based on reference numeral 22, the material changing driving device 11 is used to drive the switching device 12 to rotate;

[0125] The material changing driving device 11 includes a first motor 111, a worm 112 connected to the first motor 111, and a worm gear 113 drivingly connected to the worm 112. The worm gear 113 is coaxially connected to the switching device 12; or,

[0126] The material changing driving device 11 includes a first motor 111, a first gear drivingly connected to the first motor 111, and a second gear drivingly connected to the first gear. The diameter of the second gear is larger than that of the first gear. The second gear is coaxially connected to the switching device 12, and the diameter of the second gear is larger than that of the switching device 12.

[0127] Reference numeral 31. Based on reference numeral 22, the main driving device 14 includes a driving mechanism and a driving wheel 141 drivingly connected to the driving mechanism. The driving wheel 141 is used to clamp the consumables with the clamping device 13;

[0128] The driving mechanism includes a second motor 142, a motor driving wheel 143 connected to the second motor 142, and a reduction wheel 144 drivingly connected to the motor driving wheel 143. The diameter of the reduction wheel 144 is larger than that of the motor driving wheel 143. The reduction wheel 144 is coaxially connected to the driving wheel 141, and the diameter of the reduction wheel 144 is larger than that of the driving wheel 141;

[0129] One clamping device 13 is respectively provided on each side of the driving wheel 141.

[0130] Reference numeral 32. On the basis of reference numeral 31, the driving device 14 includes at least two driving wheels 141 which are located on different planes, and the at least two driving wheels 141 are coaxially connected to the reduction wheel 144.

[0131] Reference numeral 33. The present application further provides a print head, and the print head may be any one of the printing devices described in reference numerals 1-19 or reference numerals 22-32.

[0132] Reference numeral 33. The present application further provides a 3D printer, and the 3D printer includes the printing device 1 with any one of the above reference numerals or the above print head.

[0133] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. However, these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A printing device, characterized in that, The printing device includes an extrusion mechanism, a line merging mechanism, and a nozzle assembly. The extrusion mechanism is configured to selectively drive a target consumable among a plurality of consumables forward or backward. The extrusion mechanism is located upstream of the consumable paths of the line merging mechanism and the nozzle assembly. The line merging mechanism includes a plurality of feed channels and at least one discharge channel communicating with the feed channels. The nozzle assembly communicates with the discharge channel.

2. The printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the feed channels is the same as the number of the consumables and corresponds to the positions of the consumables to accommodate the consumables. The line merging mechanism includes one discharge channel, and the printing device includes one nozzle assembly, and the number of the nozzle assemblies is the same as the number of the discharge channels; or The line merging mechanism includes a plurality of discharge channels, and the printing device includes a plurality of nozzle assemblies, and the number of the nozzle assemblies is the same as the number of the discharge channels.

3. The printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The line merging mechanism and the nozzle assembly are directly connected.

4. The printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The printing device includes a print head, and the print head includes the extrusion mechanism, the line merging mechanism, and the nozzle assembly.

5. The printing device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The line merging mechanism includes a feed member and a discharge member. The feed member and the discharge member are connected. The feed channels are formed in the feed member, and the discharge channel is provided in the discharge member, or the discharge channel is provided in both the discharge member and the feed member. The feed channels correspond to the consumables passing through the extrusion mechanism, and the discharge member is connected to the nozzle assembly.

6. The printing device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The feed member includes a heat dissipation device, and the discharge member includes a throat tube. The heat dissipation device is connected to the throat tube. The feed channels are formed in the heat dissipation device, and the discharge channel is provided in the throat tube, or the discharge channel is provided in both the throat tube and the heat dissipation device. The feed channels correspond to the consumables passing through the extrusion mechanism, and the throat tube is connected to the nozzle assembly.

7. The printing device according to claim 6, characterized in that, A plurality of first feed channels and a connection channel communicating with the feed channels are formed in the heat dissipation device. One discharge channel is formed in the throat tube. One end of the throat tube is connected to the heat dissipation device through the connection channel to communicate the first feed channels with the discharge channel.

8. The printing device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The length of the connection channel is 5 - 15 mm, and the diameter of the connection channel is 5.3 - 7 mm. The length of the first feed channels is 6 - 20 mm; the diameter of the first feed channels is 1.5 - 2.5 mm.

9. The printing device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The projections of the ends of the plurality of first feed channels close to the connection channel on the connection channel are located within the connection channel. The ends of the first feed channels away from the connection channel are formed at the first end of the heat dissipation device, and the ends of the connection channel away from the first feed channels are formed at the second end of the heat dissipation device opposite to the first end.

10. The printing device according to claim 7, characterized in that, A communication channel communicating with the discharge channel is further provided on the throat tube. The plurality of first feed channels are respectively communicated with the discharge channel through the communication channel. The end of the throat tube provided with the discharge channel is connected to the nozzle assembly.

11. The printing device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The length of the throat tube is 14 - 25 mm; the length of the discharge channel is 5 - 15 mm, the diameter of the discharge channel is 1.5 - 2.5 mm, the length of the communication channel is 5 - 15 mm, and the maximum diameter of the communication channel is 5 - 7 mm.

12. The printing device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The size of one end of the communication channel close to the nozzle assembly is smaller than that of the other end of the communication channel far from the nozzle assembly.

13. The printing device according to claim 12, characterized in that, The projections of the ends of multiple first feed channels close to the connection channel on the communication channel are located inside the end of the connection channel far from the nozzle assembly.

14. The printing device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The line merging mechanism further includes a connection device, on which multiple second feed channels are provided. The second feed channels correspond to the consumables passing through the extrusion mechanism, and the second feed channels also correspond to the first feed channels one by one.

15. The printing device according to claim 14, characterized in that, The distance between the connection device and the heat dissipation device is 0.1 mm - 5 mm.

16. The printing device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The printing device further includes a housing, an elastic connection member connected to the housing, and a force sensor provided on the elastic connection member.

17. The printing device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The printing device further includes a material breakage detection device, which is arranged at one end of the extrusion mechanism far from the nozzle assembly; and / or The printing device further includes a material blockage detection device, which is arranged at one end of the extrusion mechanism far from the nozzle assembly.

18. The printing device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The nozzle assembly includes a heating device and a nozzle. The heating device is detachably connected to the discharge member, and the heating device is also detachably connected to the nozzle.

19. The printing device according to claim 1, wherein The printing device does not include a cutter device for cutting the consumables.

20. The printing device according to claim 1, wherein, The printing device includes a print head, and the print head includes the nozzle assembly. The extrusion mechanism and the line merging mechanism are located outside the print head; Or, The printing device includes a print head, and the print head includes the nozzle assembly and the line merging mechanism. The extrusion mechanism is located outside the print head.

21. The printing device according to claim 20, characterized in that, If the print head includes the nozzle assembly and the line merging mechanism, and the extrusion mechanism is located outside the print head, the print head further includes a heat dissipation device and a throat tube. The heat dissipation device is connected to the throat tube, the throat tube is connected to the nozzle assembly, and the heat dissipation device is also directly or indirectly connected to the line merging mechanism.

22. The printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extrusion mechanism includes a material change driving device, a switching device, a driving device, and at least two clamping devices. The clamping devices are at least located on one side of the driving device. The material change driving device is drivingly connected to the switching device, and the switching device is drivingly connected to the clamping devices, so that a target clamping device among at least two clamping devices selectively clamps the consumables with the driving device to drive the target consumables to move forward or backward.

23. The printing device according to claim 22, wherein The printing device includes four clamping devices, two of which are located on one side of the driving device, and the other two clamping devices are located on the other side of the driving device.

24. The printing device according to claim 22, wherein, The printing device further includes a housing. The clamping device includes a passive wheel, a movable rod, and an elastic member. The movable rod is movably connected to the housing. The passive wheel is rotatably connected to the movable rod. The elastic member is respectively connected to the housing and the movable rod. The elastic member is used to apply a force to the movable rod towards the active driving device, so that the passive wheel and the active driving device clamp the consumable material.

25. The printing device according to claim 24, characterized in that, The movable rod includes a rotating portion and a connecting portion. The rotating portion is connected to the connecting portion. One end of the rotating portion away from the connecting portion is rotatably connected to the housing. The passive wheel is connected to one end of the connecting portion close to the rotating portion. The elastic member is respectively connected to the housing and the connecting portion.

26. The printing device according to claim 24, wherein, An abutting portion is provided on the movable rod. The abutting portion is used to abut against the switching device. The switching device is used to push the abutting portion away from the switching device, or make way for the abutting portion, so that the abutting portion, the movable rod, and the passive wheel approach the active driving device.

27. The printing device according to claim 26, characterized in that, A reversing groove is provided on the switching device along the circumferential direction. The reversing groove is used to make way for the abutting portion.

28. The printing device according to claim 27, wherein The reversing grooves are distributed on different planes.

29. The printing device according to claim 28, characterized in that, The printing device includes at least four such clamping devices. At least two such reversing grooves are provided on the switching device. The reversing grooves are distributed on at least two planes, and at least one reversing groove is provided on each plane.

30. The printing device according to claim 22, characterized in that, The material changing driving device is used to drive the switching device to rotate; The material changing driving device includes a first motor, a worm connected to the first motor, and a worm gear drivingly connected to the worm. The worm gear is coaxially connected to the switching device; or, The material changing driving device includes a first motor, a first gear drivingly connected to the first motor, and a second gear drivingly connected to the first gear. The diameter of the second gear is larger than the diameter of the first gear. The second gear is coaxially connected to the switching device, and the diameter of the second gear is larger than the diameter of the switching device.

31. The printing device according to claim 22, wherein, The active driving device includes a driving mechanism and an active wheel drivingly connected to the driving mechanism. The active wheel is used to clamp the consumable material with the clamping device; The driving mechanism includes a second motor, a motor driving wheel connected to the second motor, and a reduction wheel drivingly connected to the motor driving wheel. The diameter of the reduction wheel is larger than the diameter of the motor driving wheel. The reduction wheel is coaxially connected to the active wheel, and the diameter of the reduction wheel is larger than the diameter of the active wheel; One clamping device is respectively provided on each side of the active wheel.

32. The printing device according to claim 31, wherein The active driving device includes at least two active wheels. The active wheels are located on different planes. At least two active wheels are coaxially connected to the reduction wheel.

33. A print head, characterized in that, The print head is the printing device according to any one of claims 1-19, or 22-32.

34. A three-dimensional printer, characterized in that, The three-dimensional printer includes the printing device according to any one of claims 1-32, or the print head according to claim 33.

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