Reverse single-action extruding machine

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of metal extrusion, and discloses a reverse single-action extruder which comprises a machine frame, a front beam, an ingot containing barrel and a movable beam, the front beam, the ingot containing barrel and the movable beam are sequentially arranged on the machine frame, the ingot containing barrel is connected to the machine frame in a sliding mode, and an extrusion plug is arranged on the side, close to the ingot containing barrel, of the movable beam. A movable seat is movably arranged on the side, close to the ingot containing barrel, of the front beam, an extrusion die shaft and a feeding upsetting shaft are sequentially arranged on the side, close to the ingot containing barrel, of the movable seat, and an expansion extrusion head is arranged on the side, close to the ingot containing barrel, of the feeding upsetting shaft. The upsetting device has the beneficial effects that the metal bar can be fully upset, and the metal bar can be pre-extruded after upsetting and exhausting are completed according to product requirements, so that a metallographic structure of the metal bar is fully deformed, and the quality of an extruded metal profile can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of metal extrusion, and particularly relates to a reverse single-action extruder. Background Art

[0002] A metal extruder is a commonly used device for producing metal profiles. Among them, there is a type of metal extruder called a reverse single-action extruder. When producing metal profiles, first, a metal billet is placed into a billet container, then the metal billet in the billet container is upset, and finally, the metal billet is extruded into a metal profile.

[0003] In the existing reverse single-action extruder, during upsetting, generally, an extrusion plug and a die arranged on an extrusion die shaft are used to extrude the metal billet from both ends of the metal billet to complete the upsetting of the metal billet in the billet container. However, this form of processing has at least the following deficiencies: 1. When the extruded metal billet is a soft alloy or the extrusion ratio of the product is relatively small, the situation of discharging the material before being fully upset often occurs; 2. There will still be a certain gap between the metal billet after upsetting and the inner wall of the billet container, and the air in this space cannot be completely discharged, so the upsetting effect is not good enough, resulting in bubbles on the surface of the finally extruded metal profile and affecting the quality. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] The main purpose of the utility model is to propose a reverse single-action extruder, aiming to solve at least one of the above deficiencies in the existing technology.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the utility model proposes a reverse single-action extruder, which includes a frame and a front beam, a billet container, and a movable beam arranged thereon in sequence. The billet container is slidably connected to the frame; a movable seat is movably arranged on one side of the front beam close to the billet container, and an extrusion die shaft and a feeding upsetting shaft are arranged in sequence on one side of the movable seat close to the billet container. An expansion extrusion head is arranged on one side of the feeding upsetting shaft close to the billet container, and an extrusion plug is arranged on one side of the movable beam close to the billet container, so that: before upsetting, the working belt of the expansion extrusion head extends into the billet container, and there is a gap between the outer side wall of the expansion ring of the expansion extrusion head and the inner side wall of the billet container; during upsetting, the extrusion plug pushes the billet container and the metal billet in the billet container towards the expansion extrusion head to extrude the metal billet, and the air between the expansion extrusion head and the extrusion plug can be discharged from the gap. After the expansion ring is extruded by the extrusion plug and the metal billet, it expands outwards, so that the gap gradually narrows to closure; after exhausting air during upsetting, the expansion extrusion head can continue to extrude the metal billet for pre-extrusion.

[0006] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that during upsetting, the air between the inner side wall of the ingot holder and the metal bar is discharged from the ingot holder through the gap between the outer side wall of the expansion ring on the expansion extrusion head and the inner side wall of the ingot holder. As the upsetting proceeds, the air is discharged from the above-mentioned gap, and at the same time, the expansion ring on the expansion extrusion head gradually expands outward, causing the gap to gradually narrow until the gap closes. The above process is conducive to fully upsetting the metal bar, and according to product requirements, after completing the upsetting and exhausting, the metal bar can be pre-extruded to fully deform the metallurgical structure of the metal bar, which is conducive to improving the quality of the extruded metal profile.

[0007] Preferably, the reverse single-action extruder also includes a second switching device, which includes a moving seat and a second switching drive device. The moving seat is slidably connected to the front beam, and the second switching drive device can drive the moving seat to move on the front beam so that the extrusion die shaft or the feeding pier rough shaft corresponds to the position of the ingot holding barrel, which is beneficial to increase the speed of switching between the feeding pier rough shaft and the extrusion die shaft, thereby improving production efficiency.

[0008] Preferably, a cylinder cleaning sleeve is provided on the side of the movable beam close to the ingot holding cylinder, which is conducive to quickly cleaning waste and improving production efficiency.

[0009] Preferably, a cylinder cleaning cavity is provided inside the cylinder cleaning sleeve, and a cylinder cleaning port is provided on a side of the cylinder cleaning sleeve close to the front beam, and the cylinder cleaning port is connected to the cylinder cleaning cavity.

[0010] Preferably, the reverse single-action extruder also includes a first switching device, which includes a slide and a first switching drive device. The slide is slidably connected to the movable beam, and the extrusion plug and the cylinder cleaning sleeve are arranged on the slide. The first switching drive device is transmission-connected to the slide. The first switching drive device can drive the slide to move on the movable beam so that the extrusion plug or the cylinder cleaning sleeve corresponds to the position of the ingot barrel, which is beneficial to increase the speed of switching the extrusion plug and the cylinder cleaning sleeve, speed up the waste cleaning, and thus improve production efficiency.

[0011] Preferably, the reverse single-action extruder also includes a rear beam, on which an extrusion drive device is provided. The movable beam is connected to the extrusion drive device in a transmission manner. The extrusion drive device can drive the extrusion plug on the movable beam to move, so as to push the ingot barrel and the metal bar material inside it toward the front beam, which is conducive to the stable output of force to the movable beam, and the movable beam moves stably, thereby ensuring the smooth production of metal profiles.

[0012] Preferably, a heating constant temperature device is provided on the extrusion plug to keep the temperature of the metal bar and the extrusion plug balanced, thereby meeting the production process requirements and being conducive to improving and ensuring the quality of the metal profile.

[0013] Preferably, a die is detachably connected to one side of the extrusion die shaft close to the movable beam. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings.

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a reverse single-acting extruder in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a bulging punch and a billet container before upsetting in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a bulging punch and a billet container during upsetting in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a bulging punch and a billet container after upsetting in an embodiment of the present invention:

[0019] Figures 5 to 19 It is a flow chart of the steps of feeding, upsetting and extruding by a reverse single-acting extruder in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figures 20 to 23 It is a flow chart of the steps for a reverse single-acting extruder to clean the metal bar in the billet container when it is necessary to clean the metal bar in the billet container during the extrusion process in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] In the drawings: 1 - frame, 2 - front beam, 21 - moving seat, 211 - extrusion die shaft, 2111 - die, 212 - feeding and upsetting shaft, 2121 - bulging punch, 22 - expansion ring, 221 - working belt, 23 - gap, 3 - rear beam, 31 - movable beam, 32 - sliding seat, 321 - extrusion plug, 322 - cylinder cleaning sleeve, 3221 - cylinder cleaning cavity, 3222 - cylinder cleaning port, 33 - extrusion driving device, 331 - main cylinder, 332 - main plunger, 4 - billet container, 10 - metal bar.

[0022] The realization of the purpose, functional characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the drawings. Specific Embodiments

[0023] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] It should be noted that if there are directional indications in the embodiments of the present invention, such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc., then the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.

[0025] In addition, if there are descriptions such as "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, then the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, the technical solutions between various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of those of ordinary skill in the art to implement. When the combination of technical solutions results in contradictions or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the protection scope required by the present invention.

[0026] As Figures 1 to 23 shown, a reverse single-acting extruder includes a frame 1, a front beam 2, a billet container 4, and a moving beam 31 arranged in sequence thereon. The billet container 4 is slidably connected to the frame 1. On the side of the moving beam 31 close to the billet container 4, there is an extrusion plug 321; on the side of the front beam 2 close to the billet container 4, there is a movable seat 21 movably arranged. On the side of the movable seat 21 close to the billet container 4, there are arranged an extrusion die shaft 211 and a feeding upsetting shaft 212 in sequence. On the side of the feeding upsetting shaft 212 close to the billet container 4, there is an expansion extrusion head 2121, such that: before upsetting, the working belt 221 of the expansion extrusion head 2121 extends into the billet container 4, and there is a gap 23 between the outer side wall of the expansion ring 22 of the expansion extrusion head 2121 and the inner side wall of the billet container 4; during upsetting, the extrusion plug 321 pushes the billet container 4 and the metal bar 10 in the billet container 4 towards the expansion extrusion head 2121 to extrude the metal bar 10. The air between the expansion extrusion head 2121 and the extrusion plug 321 can be discharged from the gap 23. After being extruded by the extrusion plug 321 and the metal bar 10, the expansion ring 22 expands outwards, causing the gap 23 to gradually narrow until it closes; after upsetting, the expansion extrusion head 2121 continues to extrude the metal bar 10 for pre-extrusion.

[0027] The working belt 221 refers to the part of the expanding extruding head 2121 that extends into the ingot container 4 to participate in upsetting and exhausting air. The ingot container 4 can only move axially along the extrusion die axis 211. The moving seat 21 is provided, and the extrusion die axis 211 and the feeding upsetting axis 212 are arranged on the moving seat 21. By moving the moving seat 21 on the front beam 2, the extrusion die axis 211 or the feeding upsetting axis 212 can be switched to the position corresponding to the ingot container 4.

[0028] During upsetting, the air between the inner wall of the ingot container 4 and the metal bar 10 is discharged from the ingot container 4 through the gap 23 between the outer wall of the expanding ring 22 on the expanding extruding head 2121 and the inner wall of the ingot container 4. As upsetting progresses, the air is discharged from the above-mentioned gap 23, and at the same time, the expanding ring 22 on the expanding extruding head 2121 gradually expands outwards, making the gap 23 gradually narrow until the gap 23 closes. The above process is beneficial to fully upset the metal bar 10, and according to the product requirements, after completing upsetting and exhausting air, the metal bar 10 can be pre-extruded, so that the metallographic structure of the metal bar 10 is fully deformed, which is beneficial to improving the quality of the extruded metal profile.

[0029] In this embodiment, after the metal bar 10 is upset, there is basically no gap 23 between the inner wall of the ingot container 4 and the metal bar 10, that is, there is almost no air left in this space. On this premise, according to the actual production needs, the extrusion plug 321 on the movable beam 31 can continue to apply pressure towards the expanding extruding head 2121 to the ingot container 4 and the metal bar 10 to pre-extrude the metal bar 10. During the pre-extrusion process, compared with the upsetting process, the metal bar 10 will be further extruded and the length will be further shortened, so that the metallographic structure inside the metal bar 10 is fully deformed, and the quality of the finally extruded metal profile is improved.

[0030] The "actual production needs" in the above pre-extrusion process, especially for the case where the metal bar 10 is a soft alloy or the extrusion ratio of the product is relatively small. In the prior art, in these two cases, the quality of the extruded metal profile is more likely to be affected, and it is more necessary to fully deform the metallographic structure of the metal bar 10 before extrusion.

[0031] In this embodiment, "relatively small extrusion ratio" refers to the case where the extrusion ratio ≤ 20, and "relatively large extrusion ratio" refers to the case where the extrusion ratio > 20.

[0032] In this embodiment, upsetting is performed using an expansion punch 2121 and an extrusion plug 321, which can avoid the situation of "discharging the material before sufficient upsetting". Upsetting with the expansion punch 2121 can fully exhaust air, which is beneficial to improving the quality of metal profiles. For the case where the extrusion ratio is relatively small or the metal bar 10 is a soft alloy, in order to further improve the quality of the metal profile, after upsetting and exhausting air, the metal bar 10 can be continuously extruded to destroy its internal metallographic structure.

[0033] During the upsetting process, referring to Figure 3 , the middle part of the metal bar 10 will expand first and abut against the inner wall of the ingot container 4. The air around the metal bar 10 in the ingot container 4 is also squeezed during the upsetting process. Among them, the air close to the expansion punch 2121 can be discharged from the gap 23 during the upsetting process. After upsetting to a certain extent, the extrusion plug 321 will retreat relative to the ingot container 4 and form an exhaust gap with the ingot container 4, so that the air in the ingot container 4 close to the extrusion plug 321 can be discharged from the exhaust gap.

[0034] In some specific embodiments, referring to Figure 1 , the backward single-acting extrusion press further includes a second switching device. The second switching device includes a moving seat 21 and a second switching driving device. The moving seat 21 is slidably connected to the front beam 2, and the second switching driving device can drive the moving seat 21 to move on the front beam 2 so that the extrusion die shaft 211 or the loading upsetting shaft 212 corresponds to the position of the ingot container 4.

[0035] In this embodiment, after the loading upsetting shaft 212 upsets and exhausts the air from the metal bar 10, the extrusion die shaft 211 is switched to the position corresponding to the ingot container 4 through the moving seat 21. After the extrusion is completed, it is necessary to switch the loading upsetting shaft 212 to the position corresponding to the ingot container 4 again. Setting the second switching device is beneficial to improving the switching speed, thereby improving the production efficiency.

[0036] Specifically, the second switching driving device includes a second switching oil cylinder, and the moving seat 21 is driven to move on the front beam 2 through the second switching oil cylinder.

[0037] In some other embodiments, the second switching driving device can adopt power devices such as motors and cylinders, as long as it can drive the moving seat 21 to move on the front beam 2.

[0038] In some specific embodiments, referring to Figure 1 , a cylinder cleaning sleeve 322 is further provided on one side of the movable beam 31 close to the ingot container 4.

[0039] Specifically, referring to Figure 22 , a cylinder cleaning cavity 3221 is provided inside the cylinder cleaning sleeve 322, and a cylinder cleaning port 3222 is provided on one side of the cylinder cleaning sleeve 322 close to the front beam 2. The cylinder cleaning port 3222 communicates with the cylinder cleaning cavity 3221.

[0040] refer to Figures 20 to 23 When "mold blocking", "waste" or other unexpected situations occur during the extrusion process, making it impossible to extrude the metal profile smoothly, move the movable beam 31 so that the cleaning port 3222 of the cleaning cylinder sleeve 322 is facing the extrusion channel of the ingot barrel 4, and then move the cleaning cylinder sleeve 322 toward the ingot barrel 4 so that the cleaning cylinder sleeve 322 is against the ingot barrel 4, and pushes the ingot barrel 4 to move synchronously, transferring the metal bar 10 from the ingot barrel 4 to the cleaning cylinder sleeve 322. At this time, the mold 2111 on the extrusion die shaft 211 is also partially located in the cleaning cylinder sleeve 322. Then the cleaning cylinder sleeve 322 retreats to expose the metal bar 10, and the metal bar 10 is sheared out using a shearing machine. Finally, the mold 2111 is removed from the extrusion die shaft 211, and a new round of metal extrusion is carried out.

[0041] The cylinder cleaning sleeve 322 is used to clear the metal bars 10 out of the ingot holding cylinder 4 when the metal bars 10 in the ingot holding cylinder 4 need to be cleaned due to "mold blockage" or "waste". The cylinder cleaning sleeve 322 is arranged on the movable beam 31, which is conducive to quickly cleaning the waste and improving production efficiency.

[0042] In some specific embodiments, reference Figure 1 The reverse single-action extruder also includes a first switching device, which includes a slide 32 and a first switching drive device. The slide 32 is slidably connected to the movable beam 31, and the extrusion plug 321 and the cylinder cleaning sleeve 322 are arranged on the slide 32. The first switching drive device is transmission-connected to the slide 32. The first switching drive device can drive the slide 32 to move on the movable beam 31 so that the extrusion plug 321 or the cylinder cleaning sleeve 322 corresponds to the position of the ingot barrel 4.

[0043] The provision of the first switching device is beneficial to increasing the switching speed between the extrusion plug 321 and the cleaning cylinder sleeve 322, accelerating the cleaning of waste materials in the ingot holding barrel 4, further ensuring the smooth progress of metal profile production work, and improving production efficiency.

[0044] Specifically, the first switching drive device includes a first switching cylinder, which drives the slide 32 to move on the movable beam 31.

[0045] In some other embodiments, the first switching drive device may be a power device such as a motor, a cylinder, etc., as long as it can drive the slide 32 to move on the rear beam 3.

[0046] In some specific embodiments, reference Figure 1 The reverse single-action extruder also includes a rear beam 3, on which an extrusion drive device 33 is provided. The extrusion plug 321 is transmission-connected to the extrusion drive device 33. The extrusion drive device 33 can drive the extrusion plug 321 to push the ingot tube 4 and the metal bar 10 therein toward the front beam 2.

[0047] The rear beam 3 is fixedly relative to the frame 1. The extrusion driving device 33 is arranged on the rear beam 3 and is in transmission connection with the movable beam 31. The extrusion driving device 33 drives the movable beam 31 to move, and it is necessary to push the ingot container 4 and the metal bar stock 10 inside the ingot container 4, and a relatively large acting force needs to be output to the movable beam 31. The rear beam 3 can stabilize the position of the extrusion driving device 33, so that the extrusion driving device 33 can stably output the acting force, ensuring the smooth progress of the production of metal profiles.

[0048] Specifically, the extrusion driving device 33 includes a main cylinder 331 and a main plunger 332 that are in transmission connection. The movable beam 31 is arranged on the main plunger 332. The main cylinder 331 drives the main plunger 332 to move, so as to drive the movable beam 31 to move, making the movable beam 31 approach or move away from the ingot container 4.

[0049] In some specific embodiments, a heating and constant temperature device is provided on the extrusion plug 321.

[0050] The heating and constant temperature device is used to keep the extrusion plug 321 at a suitable working temperature, so that the temperature of the metal bar stock 10 and the temperature of the extrusion plug 321 are balanced during the extrusion process to meet the production process requirements, which is beneficial to improving and ensuring the quality of metal profiles.

[0051] In some specific embodiments, referring to Figure 11 , a die 2111 is detachably connected to the side of the extrusion die shaft 211 close to the rear beam 3.

[0052] Before extruding the metal bar stock 10 into a shape, it is necessary to first install the die 2111 on the end of the extrusion die shaft 211 away from the front beam 2; after the metal bar stock 10 is extruded into a metal profile, the die 2111 will protrude from the other side of the ingot container 4. At this time, it is necessary to use a shearing machine to knock off the metal surplus on the die 2111 for the next round of metal extrusion.

[0053] In this embodiment, the extrusion process of the reverse single-acting extruder is as follows:

[0054] S1: The ingot container 4 is sleeved on the feeding pier roughing shaft 212, and the metal bar stock 10 is fed between the feeding pier roughing shaft 212 and the extrusion plug 321, referring to Figure 5 ;

[0055] S2: The main cylinder 331 on the rear beam 3 drives the movable beam 31 to move forward, and the metal bar stock 10 is clamped between the feeding pier roughing shaft 212 and the extrusion plug 321, referring to Figure 6 ;

[0056] S3: The ingot container 4 moves backward and is sleeved on the metal bar stock 10, referring to Figure 7 ;

[0057] S4: The extrusion plug 321 and the ingot container 4 move forward synchronously, and cooperate with the feeding upsetting shaft 212 to upset and exhaust the metal bar 10. Refer to Figure 8 ;

[0058] S5: After the upsetting is completed, the extrusion plug 321 and the ingot container 4 move backward synchronously, and the feeding upsetting shaft 212 disengages from the ingot container 4. Refer to Figure 9 ;

[0059] S6: The moving seat 21 moves, so that the feeding upsetting shaft 212 moves away, and the extrusion die shaft 211 corresponds to the position of the ingot container 4. Refer to Figure 10 ;

[0060] S7: Install the die 2111 on the extrusion die shaft 211. Refer to Figure 11 ;

[0061] S8: The extrusion plug 321 and the ingot container 4 move forward synchronously, so that the die 2111 abuts against the metal bar 10, and are ready for extrusion. Refer to Figure 12 ;

[0062] S9: The extrusion plug 321 and the ingot container 4 move forward synchronously, and cooperate with the die 2111 for extrusion. Refer to Figure 13 ;

[0063] S10: After the extrusion is completed, the extrusion plug 321 moves backward and disengages from the ingot container 4. Refer to Figure 14 ;

[0064] S11: The ingot container 4 moves forward, exposing the butt of the metal bar 10, and the shearing machine cuts off the butt of the metal bar 10. Refer to Figure 15 ;

[0065] S12: The manipulator removes the die 2111. Refer to Figure 16 ;

[0066] S13: The ingot container 4 moves backward and disengages from the extrusion die shaft 211. Refer to Figure 17 ;

[0067] S14: The moving seat 21 moves, so that the extrusion die shaft 211 moves away, and the feeding upsetting shaft 212 corresponds to the position of the ingot container 4. Refer to Figure 18 ;

[0068] S15: The ingot container 4 moves forward and sleeves on the feeding upsetting shaft 212, preparing for the next feeding of the metal bar 10. Refer to Figure 19 。

[0069] Furthermore, in the above step S4, that is, after the upsetting and exhausting process is completed, if the metal bar 10 is a soft alloy or the extrusion ratio of the product is relatively small, the following steps can be carried out:

[0070] S21: The extrusion plug 321 continues to apply a force towards the expansion extrusion head 2121 to the ingot cylinder 4 and the metal bar 10, so as to pre-extrude the metal bar 10.

[0071] After performing S21, step S5 is then executed.

[0072] If the extrusion ratio of the product is relatively large, then after performing step S4, step S5 can be directly executed.

[0073] If "die blockage or waste material" or other unexpected situations occur during the extrusion process and it is necessary to clean out the metal bar 10 in the ingot cylinder 4, step S9 can be interrupted and the following steps can be executed:

[0074] S16: The extrusion plug 321 moves backward, disengages from the ingot cylinder 4, the slide seat 32 moves, so that the extrusion plug 321 moves away, and the cylinder cleaning sleeve 322 corresponds to the position of the ingot cylinder 4;

[0075] S17: The main oil cylinder drives the cylinder cleaning sleeve 322 to move forward, so that the cylinder cleaning sleeve 322 abuts against the ingot cylinder 4, refer to Figure 20 ;

[0076] S18: The ingot cylinder 4 and the cylinder cleaning sleeve 322 move forward synchronously, so that the metal bar 10 in the ingot cylinder 4 enters the cylinder cleaning sleeve 322, refer to Figure 21 ;

[0077] S19: The cylinder cleaning sleeve 322 moves backward, exposing the metal bar 10, refer to Figure 22 ;

[0078] S20: The shearing machine cuts off the exposed metal bar 10, refer to Figure 23 .

[0079] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any equivalent structural transformation made under the inventive concept of the present invention by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or any direct / indirect application in other related technical fields is included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reverse single-acting extruder, characterized in that: The invention comprises a frame (1) and a front beam (2), an ingot holding barrel (4) and a movable beam (31) sequentially arranged thereon, wherein the ingot holding barrel (4) is slidably connected to the frame (1), and an extrusion plug (321) is provided on a side of the movable beam (31) close to the ingot holding barrel (4); A movable seat (21) is movably provided on a side of the front beam (2) close to the ingot holding cylinder (4); an extrusion die shaft (211) and a loading pier thick shaft (212) are sequentially arranged on a side of the movable seat (21) close to the ingot holding cylinder (4); an expansion extrusion head (2121) is provided on a side of the loading pier thick shaft (212) close to the ingot holding cylinder (4), so that: Before upsetting, the working belt (221) of the expansion extrusion head (2121) extends into the ingot holding barrel (4), and a gap (23) is left between the outer side wall of the expansion ring (22) of the expansion extrusion head (2121) and the inner side wall of the ingot holding barrel (4); During the roughening process, the extrusion plug (321) pushes the ingot holding cylinder (4) and the metal bar stock (10) in the ingot holding cylinder (4) toward the expansion extrusion plug (2121) to extrude the metal bar stock (10), and the air between the expansion extrusion plug (2121) and the extrusion plug (321) can be discharged from the gap (23). The expansion ring (22) is squeezed by the extrusion plug (321) and the metal bar stock (10) and expands outward, so that the gap (23) is gradually narrowed to be closed. After roughing and exhausting, the expansion extrusion head (2121) can continue to extrude the metal bar (10) to perform pre-extrusion.

2. The reverse single-acting extrusion press according to claim 1, wherein: The invention also includes a second switching device, which includes the movable seat (21) and a second switching drive device. The movable seat (21) is slidably connected to the front beam (2). The second switching drive device can drive the movable seat (21) to move on the front beam (2) so that the extrusion die shaft (211) or the feeding pier rough shaft (212) corresponds to the position of the ingot holding barrel (4).

3. The reverse single-acting extruder according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cylinder cleaning sleeve (322) is further provided on one side of the movable beam (31) close to the ingot holding cylinder (4).

4. The reverse single-acting extrusion press according to claim 3, characterized in that: A cylinder cleaning cavity (3221) is provided inside the cylinder cleaning sleeve (322), and a cylinder cleaning port (3222) is provided on a side of the cylinder cleaning sleeve (322) close to the front beam (2), wherein the cylinder cleaning port (3222) is connected to the cylinder cleaning cavity (3221).

5. The reverse single-acting extruder according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a first switching device, which includes a slide (32) and a first switching drive device. The slide (32) is slidably connected to the movable beam (31), and the extrusion plug (321) and the cylinder cleaning sleeve (322) are arranged on the slide (32). The first switching drive device is transmission-connected to the slide (32). The first switching drive device can drive the slide (32) to move on the movable beam (31) so that the extrusion plug (321) or the cylinder cleaning sleeve (322) corresponds to the position of the ingot holding barrel (4).

6. The reverse single-acting extruder according to claim 1, wherein: It further includes a rear beam (3), an extrusion driving device (33) is provided on the rear beam (3), the movable beam (31) is in transmission connection with the extrusion driving device (33), and the extrusion driving device (33) can drive the extrusion plug (321) on the movable beam (31) to move, so as to push the ingot container (4) and the metal bar stock (10) therein towards the front beam (2).

7. The reverse single-acting extruder according to claim 1, characterized in that: A heating and constant temperature device is provided on the extrusion plug (321).

8. The reverse single-action extruder according to claim 1, wherein: A mold (2111) is detachably connected to one side of the extrusion die shaft (211) close to the movable beam (31).

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