Battery pack charging and discharging management system

Abstract

The utility model provides a battery pack charging and discharging management system, and belongs to the technical field of battery management. The battery pack charging and discharging management system comprises a charging module, a voltage acquisition module, an equalization module, a driving module and a control unit, the first end of the charging module is connected with a charging power supply; the second end of the charging module is connected with the battery pack; the first end of the voltage acquisition module is connected with the battery pack, the second end of the voltage acquisition module is connected with the control unit, the control unit is connected with the first end of the driving module, the second end of the driving module is connected with the first end of the equalization module, and the second end of the equalization module is connected with the battery pack. The problem that a traditional battery pack management system affects the service life of the battery pack can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of battery management, and particularly to a battery pack charge and discharge management system. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy vehicles and energy storage systems, the battery pack, as their core component, its performance and safety are particularly important. Traditional battery pack management systems often have problems such as scattered functions, incomplete monitoring, and low equalization efficiency. Especially during long-term use or charging, voltage imbalance is likely to occur between individual batteries, seriously affecting the charging efficiency, service life, and overall performance of the battery pack. Summary of the Utility Model

[0003] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a battery pack charge and discharge management system to solve the problem that the traditional battery pack management system affects the service life of the battery pack.

[0004] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a battery pack charge and discharge management system, including: a charging module, a voltage acquisition module, an equalization module, a driving module, and a control unit;

[0005] The first end of the charging module is used to connect to a charging power source, and the second end of the charging module is connected to the battery pack;

[0006] The first end of the voltage acquisition module is connected to the battery pack, the second end of the voltage acquisition module is connected to the control unit, the control unit is connected to the first end of the driving module, the second end of the driving module is connected to the first end of the equalization module, and the second end of the equalization module is connected to the battery pack.

[0007] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the equalization module includes: a switching transistor Q1, a switching transistor Q2, and an inductor L1;

[0008] The battery pack includes: a storage battery U1 and a storage battery U2;

[0009] The positive electrode of the storage battery U1 is connected to the second end of the charging module, the negative electrode of the storage battery U1 is connected to the positive electrode of the storage battery U2, and the negative electrode of the storage battery U2 is grounded;

[0010] The control ends of the switching transistor Q1 and the switching transistor Q2 are both connected to the second end of the driving module. The first end of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of the storage battery U1, the second end of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the negative electrode of the storage battery U1 through the inductor L1, the second end of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the first end of the switching transistor Q2, and the second end of the switching transistor Q2 is grounded.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the voltage acquisition module includes: resistor R3, resistor R4, resistor R5, capacitor C1, and operational amplifier U3;

[0012] The first end of the resistor R3 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery U1, the second end of the resistor R3 is grounded through the resistor R4, the second end of the resistor R3 is connected to the first end of the resistor R5, the second end of the resistor R5 is grounded through the capacitor C1, the second end of the resistor R5 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U3, the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to the negative electrode of the battery U1, and the output terminal of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to the control unit.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the driving module includes: a first driving module and a second driving module;

[0014] The first end of the first driving module and the first end of the second driving module are both connected to the control unit, the second end of the first driving module is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor Q1, and the second end of the second driving module is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor Q2.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the circuit structures of the first driving module and the second driving module are the same. The first driving module includes: triode Q3 and triode Q4;

[0016] The base of the triode Q3 is connected to the base of the triode Q4, the base of the triode Q3 is connected to the control unit, the collector of the triode Q3 is connected to the VCC power supply, the emitter of the triode Q3 is connected to the emitter of the triode Q4, the collector of the triode Q4 is grounded, and the emitter of the triode Q4 is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor Q1.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the charging module includes: resistor R8, triode Q7, voltage stabilizing diode U5, capacitor C3, diode D1, switching transistor Q10, and voltage stabilizing diode U7;

[0018] The collector of the triode Q7 is used to connect to the charging power supply. The collector of the triode Q7 is connected to the base of the triode Q7 through the resistor R8. The base of the triode Q7 is connected to the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode U5. The anode of the voltage stabilizing diode U5 is grounded. The emitter of the triode Q7 is grounded through the capacitor C3. The emitter of the triode Q7 is connected to the anode of the diode D1. The cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the first end of the switching transistor Q10. The second end of the switching transistor Q10 is connected to the positive electrode of the battery U1.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, it further includes a discharging module, and the discharging module includes a voltage stabilizing diode U6, a switching transistor Q8, and a switching transistor Q9.

[0020] The first end of the switching transistor Q8 is connected to the positive electrode of the storage battery U1, the control end of the switching transistor Q8 is connected to the anode of the voltage stabilizing diode U6, the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode U6 is connected to the second end of the resistor R5, the second end of the switching transistor Q8 is connected to the first end of the switching transistor Q9, the second end of the switching transistor Q9 is used for outputting a supply voltage, and the control end of the switching transistor Q9 is connected to the control unit.

[0021] The beneficial effects of a battery pack charge and discharge management system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure are as follows: The embodiment of the present disclosure can monitor the voltage state of the battery pack in real time, and automatically start the balancing mechanism when voltage imbalance is found, effectively avoiding the low charging efficiency and safety hazards caused by the voltage difference of single cells. The operation of the balancing module ensures that the voltages of the single cells in the battery pack tend to be consistent, extends the overall service life of the battery pack, and improves the stability and safety of the charging process. In addition, the embodiment of the present disclosure also improves the intelligent level of battery management, and provides an efficient and reliable battery management solution for fields such as new energy vehicles and energy storage systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present disclosure. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack charge and discharge management system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0024] Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of a battery pack charge and discharge management system provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0025] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand this solution, the following will clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this solution with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of this solution. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, rather than all, of the embodiments of this solution. Based on the embodiments in this solution, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of this solution.

[0026] In the description and claims of this solution, as well as in the above-mentioned drawings, the term "including" and any other variations thereof mean "including but not limited to", intending to cover non-exclusive inclusion and not limited only to the examples listed in the text. In addition, terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order.

[0027] The implementation of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to specific drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 The following is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack charge and discharge management system provided for an embodiment of the present disclosure. Refer to Figure 1 , this battery pack charge and discharge management system includes: a charging module, a voltage acquisition module, a balancing module, a driving module, and a control unit; the first end of the charging module is used to connect to a charging power source, and the second end of the charging module is connected to the battery pack; the first end of the voltage acquisition module is connected to the battery pack, the second end of the voltage acquisition module is connected to the control unit, the control unit is connected to the first end of the driving module, the second end of the driving module is connected to the first end of the balancing module, and the second end of the balancing module is connected to the battery pack.

[0029] In this embodiment, the charging module serves to connect an external charging power source and the battery pack. When the charging power source is connected to the first end of the charging module, the charging module transfers the electrical energy of the charging power source to the battery pack to start charging the battery pack. During the charging process, the first end of the voltage acquisition module is connected to the battery pack to collect the voltage information of the battery pack in real time. Then, the collected voltage data is transmitted to the control unit. After receiving the voltage data transmitted by the voltage acquisition module, the control unit can perform analysis and judgment according to a preset charging strategy. If the voltage of the battery cells in the battery pack is unbalanced, etc., the control unit can send a control signal to the first end of the driving module. The driving module receives the control signal at its first end according to the instruction of the control unit and transmits the driving signal to the balancing module through the second end. After receiving the signal from the driving module, the balancing module starts to perform balancing processing on the unbalanced part of the voltage in the battery pack. For example, discharging the single battery with too high voltage, or transferring the energy of the high-voltage single battery to the low-voltage single battery, so as to make the voltage of the entire battery pack tend to be balanced and ensure the safety and efficiency of the charging process.

[0030] As can be seen from the above, this embodiment can monitor the voltage status of the battery pack in real time and automatically start the balancing mechanism when voltage imbalance is detected, effectively avoiding the low charging efficiency and safety hazards caused by the voltage difference of individual batteries. The operation of the balancing module ensures that the voltages of individual batteries in the battery pack tend to be consistent, extends the overall service life of the battery pack, and improves the stability and safety of the charging process. In addition, this embodiment also improves the intelligent level of battery management, providing an efficient and reliable battery management solution for fields such as new energy vehicles and energy storage systems.

[0031] As Figure 2 shown, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the balancing module includes: a switching transistor Q1, a switching transistor Q2, and an inductor L1; the battery pack includes: a storage battery U1 and a storage battery U2; the positive electrode of the storage battery U1 is connected to the second end of the charging module, the negative electrode of the storage battery U1 is connected to the positive electrode of the storage battery U2, and the negative electrode of the storage battery U2 is grounded; the control terminals of the switching transistor Q1 and the switching transistor Q2 are both connected to the second end of the driving module, the first end of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of the storage battery U1, the second end of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the negative electrode of the storage battery U1 through the inductor L1, the second end of the switching transistor Q1 is connected to the first end of the switching transistor Q2, and the second end of the switching transistor Q2 is grounded.

[0032] In this embodiment, the storage batteries U1 and U2 form a battery pack, and the control unit determines the power status of the storage batteries U1 and U2 according to the voltage signals collected by the voltage acquisition module. Since there is a certain correspondence between voltage and power, the power status can be indirectly understood by monitoring the voltage.

[0033] Specifically, assume that the power of the storage battery U1 is greater than that of the storage battery U2:

[0034] The control unit sends a control instruction to the driving module. After receiving the instruction, the driving module controls the switching transistor Q1 to conduct and the switching transistor Q2 to cut off. At this time, the storage battery U1 discharges, and the current flows out from the positive electrode of the storage battery U1, passes through the switching transistor Q1 and the inductor L1, and then returns to the negative electrode of the storage battery U1. During this process, the inductor L1 is used to store the electrical energy released by the storage battery U1. Subsequently, the driving module controls the switching transistor Q2 to conduct and the switching transistor Q1 to cut off. At this time, the electrical energy stored in the inductor L1 is released to the storage battery U2, and the current flows out from the inductor L1, passes through the switching transistor Q2 and flows into the grounding terminal, and then returns to the inductor L1 through the grounding circuit of the storage battery U2. In this way, part of the electrical energy of the storage battery U1 is transferred to the storage battery U2 to reduce the power gap between the two. After the energy in the inductor L1 is released, the switching transistor Q1 is controlled to conduct and the switching transistor Q2 is cut off again, repeating the above process to form a cycle. By continuously cycling this process, the electrical energy of the storage battery U1 is continuously transferred to the storage battery U2 until the powers of the storage batteries U1 and U2 are consistent, realizing the balanced management of the battery pack.

[0035] As can be seen from the above, in this embodiment, the balancing module effectively improves the overall performance and charging efficiency of the battery pack, while ensuring the safety and lifespan of the battery pack during use, and reducing the performance degradation or safety hazards that may be caused by the uneven power among individual batteries.

[0036] As Figure 2 shown, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the voltage acquisition module includes: resistor R3, resistor R4, resistor R5, capacitor C1, and operational amplifier U3; the first end of resistor R3 is connected to the positive electrode of battery U1, the second end of resistor R3 is grounded through resistor R4, the second end of resistor R3 is connected to the first end of resistor R5, the second end of resistor R5 is grounded through capacitor C1, the second end of resistor R5 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U3, the inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U3 is connected to the negative electrode of battery U1, and the output terminal of operational amplifier U3 is connected to the control unit.

[0037] In this embodiment, resistor R3 and resistor R4 form a voltage division circuit, and the resistance values of resistor R3 and resistor R4 are the same. The voltage on resistor R4 is used as the sampling voltage and applied to the non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U3. Operational amplifier U3 forms a comparator. The voltage on resistor R4 is the average voltage of battery U1 and battery U2. The inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U3 is connected to the positive electrode of battery U2 to collect the voltage on battery U2. If the voltage on battery U2 is greater than the average voltage of battery U1 and battery U2, it indicates that the current power of battery U2 is greater than that of battery U1, and operational amplifier U3 outputs a low level; if the voltage on battery U2 is less than the average voltage of battery U1 and battery U2, it indicates that the current power of battery U2 is less than that of battery U1, and operational amplifier U3 outputs a high level. The control unit can determine whether the power in battery U1 and battery U2 is consistent through the level output by operational amplifier U3.

[0038] As can be seen from the above, in this embodiment, through resistor voltage division and operational amplifier comparison, the accurate monitoring and comparison of the power of battery U1 and battery U2 are realized. It not only simplifies the circuit structure, improves the accuracy and response speed of voltage acquisition, but also can judge the power difference between each battery in real time, providing accurate data support for subsequent balancing processing.

[0039] As Figure 2 shown, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the driving module includes: a first driving module and a second driving module; the first end of the first driving module and the first end of the second driving module are both connected to the control unit, the second end of the first driving module is connected to the control terminal of switch Q1, and the second end of the second driving module is connected to the control terminal of switch Q2.

[0040] In this embodiment, during the balancing management process, the control unit outputs two PWM control signals with the same amplitude and opposite phases to ensure that the switching transistors Q1 and Q2 conduct and cut off alternately. However, in the actual application process, the driving ability of the PWM control signal output by the control unit is weak and cannot directly and effectively control the switching transistors. Therefore, a driving module is added between the control unit and the balancing module in this embodiment.

[0041] In this embodiment, there are two driving modules with the same circuit structure (the first driving module and the second driving module) to improve the driving ability of the PWM control signal.

[0042] As Figure 2 shown, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the first driving module and the second driving module have the same circuit structure. The first driving module includes: a triode Q3 and a triode Q4; the base of the triode Q3 is connected to the base of the triode Q4, the base of the triode Q3 is connected to the control unit, the collector of the triode Q3 is connected to the VCC power supply, the emitter of the triode Q3 is connected to the emitter of the triode Q4, the collector of the triode Q4 is grounded, and the emitter of the triode Q4 is connected to the control terminal of the switching transistor Q1.

[0043] In this embodiment, there are two driving modules with the same circuit structure (the first driving module and the second driving module). Taking the first driving module as an example, when the PWM control signal output by the control unit is at a high level, the triode Q3 conducts, the triode Q4 cuts off, the control terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is at a high level, and the switching transistor Q1 conducts; when the PWM control signal output by the control unit is at a low level, the triode Q3 cuts off, the triode Q4 conducts, the control terminal of the switching transistor Q1 is at a low level, and the switching transistor Q1 cuts off. Among them, the triode Q3 and the triode Q4 form a push-pull circuit to improve the driving ability of the PWM control signal and ensure the reliable conduction and cut-off of the switching transistor Q1.

[0044] As Figure 2 shown, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, the charging module includes: a resistor R8, a triode Q7, a zener diode U5, a capacitor C3, a diode D1, a switching transistor Q10, and a zener diode U7; the collector of the triode Q7 is used to connect to the charging power supply, the collector of the triode Q7 is connected to the base of the triode Q7 through the resistor R8, the base of the triode Q7 is connected to the cathode of the zener diode U5, the anode of the zener diode U5 is grounded, the emitter of the triode Q7 is grounded through the capacitor C3, the emitter of the triode Q7 is connected to the anode of the diode D1, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the first end of the switching transistor Q10, and the second end of the switching transistor Q10 is connected to the positive electrode of the storage battery U1.

[0045] In this embodiment, when the charging power supply is connected, the current first flows into the collector of transistor Q7. Since the collector of transistor Q7 is connected to the base through resistor R8, a bias circuit is formed. In the initial state, this bias circuit can control the conduction degree of transistor Q7. The zener diode U5 plays a voltage stabilizing role. When the base voltage exceeds the voltage stabilizing value of zener diode U5, the zener diode conducts, stabilizing the base voltage at a specific value, thereby limiting the base current of transistor Q7 and further controlling the working state of transistor Q7. Capacitor C3 is connected between the emitter of transistor Q7 and ground, playing a filtering role. It can smooth the voltage fluctuation at the emitter of transistor Q7 and reduce the influence of clutter on the subsequent circuit. The emitter of transistor Q7 is connected to the anode of diode D1. Diode D1 plays a role of unidirectional conduction here, ensuring that the current can only flow from the emitter of transistor Q7 to switch Q10 and cannot flow in the reverse direction.

[0046] In this embodiment, switch Q10 can be a P-channel enhancement-mode field-effect transistor. When the battery pack starts charging, the average voltages of storage batteries U1 and U2 are low, zener diode U7 is cut off, switch Q10 is turned on, and the charging current passes through switch Q10 to charge the battery pack. When the average voltages of storage batteries U1 and U2 exceed the set value, zener diode U7 is broken down and conducts, switch Q10 is cut off, and the charging circuit is disconnected, avoiding overcharging of the battery pack, playing a protective role for the battery pack, and increasing the service life of the battery pack.

[0047] As Figure 2 shown, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, it further includes: a discharging module, and the discharging module includes: zener diode U6, switch Q8 and switch Q9; the first end of switch Q8 is connected to the positive electrode of storage battery U1, the control end of switch Q8 is connected to the anode of zener diode U6, the cathode of zener diode U6 is connected to the second end of resistor R5, the second end of switch Q8 is connected to the first end of switch Q9, the second end of switch Q9 is used for outputting a supply voltage, and the control end of switch Q9 is connected to the control unit.

[0048] In this embodiment, after the battery pack is fully charged, it can be discharged. During discharging, the control unit outputs a high-level signal to the control end of switch Q9, and switch Q9 is turned on. Since the average voltages of storage batteries U1 and U2 are relatively high after being fully charged, zener diode U6 is broken down and conducts, and switch Q8 also conducts. At this time, the battery pack can be discharged through switch Q8 and switch Q9; when the average voltages of storage batteries U1 and U2 are lower than the set value, zener diode U6 is cut off, and switch Q8 is also cut off, cutting off the discharging circuit and avoiding over-discharging of the battery pack. Thereby, the service life of the battery pack is extended, the risks of battery performance degradation and damage caused by over-discharging are reduced, and at the same time, the safety and reliability of the battery pack during use are improved.

[0049] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, rather than to limit them; although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A battery pack charge and discharge management system, characterized in that, Comprising: A charging module, a voltage acquisition module, a balancing module, a driving module and a control unit; The first end of the charging module is used to connect a charging power supply, and the second end of the charging module is connected to a battery pack; The first end of the voltage acquisition module is connected to the battery pack, the second end of the voltage acquisition module is connected to the control unit, the control unit is connected to the first end of the driving module, the second end of the driving module is connected to the first end of the balancing module, and the second end of the balancing module is connected to the battery pack.

2. The battery pack charge and discharge management system according to claim 1, wherein, The balancing module includes: a switching tube Q1, a switching tube Q2, and an inductor L1; The battery pack includes: a storage battery U1 and a storage battery U2; The positive electrode of the storage battery U1 is connected to the second end of the charging module, the negative electrode of the storage battery U1 is connected to the positive electrode of the storage battery U2, and the negative electrode of the storage battery U2 is grounded; The control ends of the switching tube Q1 and the switching tube Q2 are both connected to the second end of the driving module. The first end of the switching tube Q1 is connected to the positive electrode of the storage battery U1. The second end of the switching tube Q1 is connected to the negative electrode of the storage battery U1 through the inductor L1. The second end of the switching tube Q1 is connected to the first end of the switching tube Q2, and the second end of the switching tube Q2 is grounded.

3. The battery pack charge and discharge management system according to claim 2, wherein, The voltage acquisition module includes: a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a capacitor C1, and an operational amplifier U3; The first end of the resistor R3 is connected to the positive electrode of the storage battery U1. The second end of the resistor R3 is grounded through the resistor R4. The second end of the resistor R3 is connected to the first end of the resistor R5. The second end of the resistor R5 is grounded through the capacitor C1. The second end of the resistor R5 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U3. The inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to the negative electrode of the storage battery U1. The output terminal of the operational amplifier U3 is connected to the control unit.

4. The battery pack charge and discharge management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The driving module includes: a first driving module and a second driving module; The first ends of the first driving module and the second driving module are both connected to the control unit. The second end of the first driving module is connected to the control end of the switching tube Q1, and the second end of the second driving module is connected to the control end of the switching tube Q2.

5. The battery pack charge and discharge management system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The circuit structures of the first driving module and the second driving module are the same. The first driving module includes: a triode Q3 and a triode Q4; The base of the triode Q3 is connected to the base of the triode Q4. The base of the triode Q3 is connected to the control unit. The collector of the triode Q3 is connected to the VCC power supply. The emitter of the triode Q3 is connected to the emitter of the triode Q4. The collector of the triode Q4 is grounded. The emitter of the triode Q4 is connected to the control end of the switching tube Q1.

6. The battery pack charge and discharge management system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The charging module includes: a resistor R8, a triode Q7, a voltage stabilizing diode U5, a capacitor C3, a diode D1, a switching tube Q10, and a voltage stabilizing diode U7; The collector of the triode Q7 is used to connect to the charging power supply. The collector of the triode Q7 is connected to the base of the triode Q7 through the resistor R8. The base of the triode Q7 is connected to the cathode of the voltage regulator diode U5. The anode of the voltage regulator diode U5 is grounded. The emitter of the triode Q7 is grounded through the capacitor C3. The emitter of the triode Q7 is connected to the anode of the diode D1. The cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the first end of the switching transistor Q10. The second end of the switching transistor Q10 is connected to the positive electrode of the storage battery U1.

7. The battery pack charge and discharge management system according to claim 3, wherein, It further includes: A discharging module, the discharging module includes: a voltage regulator diode U6, a switching transistor Q8 and a switching transistor Q9; The first end of the switching transistor Q8 is connected to the positive electrode of the storage battery U1. The control end of the switching transistor Q8 is connected to the anode of the voltage regulator diode U6. The cathode of the voltage regulator diode U6 is connected to the second end of the resistor R5. The second end of the switching transistor Q8 is connected to the first end of the switching transistor Q9. The second end of the switching transistor Q9 is used to output a supply voltage. The control end of the switching transistor Q9 is connected to the control unit.

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