Laser welding light path system for reducing spattering and device thereof

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of handheld laser welding, in particular to a laser welding light path system and device for reducing spatter, the light path system is sequentially provided with a light beam shaping assembly, a light splitting assembly and a light beam reflecting assembly in the laser emitting direction, and the light beam shaping assembly is used for shaping an emitting light beam; the light splitting assembly is used for splitting the shaped emergent light beam into a preheating light beam and a welding light beam according to a preset proportion, the preheating light beam is reflected to the working area through the light splitting assembly to form a fixed-point light spot, and the welding light beam is transmitted to the light beam reflecting assembly through the light splitting assembly and is further reflected to the working area to form a welding light spot. In the application, the light spot shapes and energy distribution of the preheating light beam and the welding light beam obtained after shaping and light splitting can be changed, and the low-energy distribution area of the welding light beam further preheats the welding seam, so that rapid evaporation and splashing caused by heat energy concentration in the welding process can be reduced, and a molten pool is stabilized. The problem that in an existing welding scheme, splashing is large is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of laser devices, and particularly to a laser welding optical path system and device for reducing spatter. Background Art

[0002] Laser welding utilizes the excellent directivity and high power density characteristics of a laser beam to focus the emitted beam on a very small area through an optical system, forming a heat source area with highly concentrated energy in the welded area in an extremely short time, so that the welded area melts and quickly solidifies to form a solder joint or weld seam. Compared with other welding methods, laser welding has the advantages of concentrated energy, fast welding speed, and high processing accuracy. A laser welding device is a high-precision welding tool that combines laser technology and welding technology. The laser radiation heats the surface of the workpiece, and the surface heat diffuses inward through heat conduction. By controlling parameters such as the width, energy, peak power, and repetition frequency of the laser pulse, the workpiece is melted and a specific molten pool is formed.

[0003] However, in actual applications, the laser welding devices in the prior art are prone to spatter. Spatter refers to the molten metal droplets ejected from the molten pool during the welding process. These droplets may land on the surrounding working surface, resulting in a rough and uneven workpiece surface, and may even cause loss of molten pool quality, such as pits and explosion points on the weld surface, ultimately leading to poor welding effects and affected weld quality performance.

[0004] Therefore, the present application particularly proposes a laser welding optical path system and device for reducing spatter to solve the spatter phenomenon generated during welding of workpieces in the prior art. Summary of the Utility Model

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a laser welding optical path system and device for reducing spatter, which is used to solve the problems of large spatter and poor stability of the molten pool in the welding solution of the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present application is:

[0007] A laser welding optical path system for reducing spatter, in which the optical path system is sequentially provided with a beam shaping component, a beam splitting component, and a beam reflection component in the laser emission direction.

[0008] The beam shaping component is used to shape the emitted beam.

[0009] The beam splitting component is used to divide the shaped emitted beam into a preheating beam and a welding beam according to a predetermined ratio. The preheating beam is reflected by the beam splitting component to the working area to form a fixed-point light spot, and the welding beam is transmitted through the beam splitting component to the beam reflection component and further reflected to the working area to form a welding light spot.

[0010] As a preferred solution, the beam splitting component includes a beam splitter and an adjustment unit. The beam splitter has a reflecting surface and a transmitting surface arranged opposite to each other, and the adjustment unit is used to adjust the reflectivity and transmittance of the beam splitter.

[0011] As a preferred solution, the included angle range between the beam splitter and the optical axis of the outgoing beam is 50° - 65°, and the beam reflection component includes a reflector. The included angle between the reflector and the optical axis of the outgoing beam is 55°.

[0012] As a preferred solution, the preheating beam reaches the working area in advance after being reflected by the reflecting surface.

[0013] As a preferred solution, the beam reflection component further includes an actuator, and the actuator is used to drive the reflector to swing or vibrate to achieve rapid scanning of the reflected light on the working area.

[0014] As a preferred solution, the fixed-point light spot and the welding light spot are respectively irradiated on the predetermined positions. The fixed-point light spot is used for preheating the weld seam in the working area once, and the welding light spot is used for secondary preheating and welding of the weld seam;

[0015] Both the fixed-point light spot and the welding light spot have different energy distribution regions.

[0016] As a preferred solution, when the outgoing beam is a divergent beam, the beam shaping component includes a collimating mirror and a focusing mirror arranged in sequence along the beam emission direction. The main optical axis of the collimating mirror intersects with the central axis of the divergent beam and is set at a preset included angle, and the main optical axis of the focusing mirror coincides with the central axis of the divergent beam.

[0017] As a preferred solution, when the outgoing beam is a divergent beam, the beam shaping component includes a collimating mirror and a focusing mirror arranged in sequence along the beam emission direction. The main optical axes of the collimating mirror and the focusing mirror respectively intersect with the central axis of the divergent beam and are set at preset angles.

[0018] As a preferred solution, when the outgoing beam is a collimated beam, the beam shaping component includes a focusing mirror, and the main optical axis of the focusing mirror intersects with the central axis of the collimated beam and is set at a preset included angle.

[0019] As another aspect of the present application, a laser welding device for reducing spatter is further proposed, which includes the laser welding optical path system in any of the above solutions.

[0020] Different from the prior art, the embodiment of the present application provides a laser welding optical path system for reducing spatter. The optical path system is sequentially provided with a beam shaping component, a beam splitting component, and a beam reflection component along the laser emission direction. Among them, the beam shaping component is used to shape the emitted beam; the beam splitting component is used to divide the shaped emitted beam into a preheating beam and a welding beam according to a predetermined ratio. The preheating beam is reflected by the beam splitting component to the working area to form a fixed-point light spot, and the welding beam is transmitted by the beam splitting component to the beam reflection component and further reflected to the working area to form a welding light spot. By adopting the technical solution of the present application, the shape and energy distribution of the light spot will change after the emitted beam is shaped. Therefore, the shape and energy distribution of the preheating beam and the welding beam after beam splitting will also change. The preheating beam provides primary preheating for the weld in the working area, and the welding beam provides secondary preheating and welding conditions for the weld in the working area. The technical solution of the present application can greatly reduce the rapid evaporation and spatter caused by heat energy concentration during manual welding and achieve highly stable molten pools. The technical solution of the present application effectively solves the problem of large spatter in the prior art's manual welding solution. Description of the Drawings

[0021] One or more embodiments are exemplarily illustrated by the pictures in the corresponding drawings. These exemplary illustrations do not limit the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are represented as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the drawings in the drawings do not constitute a proportional limitation.

[0022] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the laser welding optical path system in an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the light spot morphology when the central axis of the collimating mirror of the present application forms an angle of 3.2° with the central axis of the laser beam and the central axis of the focusing mirror is coaxial with the central axis of the laser beam;

[0024] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the light spot morphology when the central axis of the collimating mirror of the present application forms an angle of 2.2° with the central axis of the laser beam and the central axis of the focusing mirror is coaxial with the central axis of the laser beam;

[0025] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the light spot morphology when the central axis of the collimating mirror of the present application is coaxial with the central axis of the laser beam and the central axis of the focusing mirror forms an angle of 4.9° with the central axis of the laser beam;

[0026] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the light spot morphology when the central axis of the collimating mirror of the present application is coaxial with the central axis of the laser beam and the central axis of the focusing mirror forms an angle of 3.1° with the central axis of the laser beam.

[0027] Description of the reference numerals: 130, laser emission component; 140, focusing mirror; 150, beam splitter; 160, reflector. Detailed implementation manners

[0028] To facilitate the understanding of the present application, the following will provide a more detailed description of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that when an element is described as "fixed to" another element, it can be directly on the other element, or there can be one or more intermediate elements therebetween. When an element is described as "electrically connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element, or there can be one or more intermediate elements therebetween. The orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "bottom", etc. used in this specification is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus cannot be construed as a limitation to the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the technical field to which the present application belongs. The terms used in the specification of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not used to limit the present application. The term "and / or" used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0030] In addition, the technical features involved in different embodiments of the present application described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0031] Please refer to Figure 1 , the present application provides a laser welding optical path system for reducing spatter. The optical path system is sequentially provided with a beam shaping component, a beam splitting component, and a beam reflection component in the laser emission direction. Among them, the beam shaping component is used to shape the emitted beam; the beam splitting component is used to divide the shaped emitted beam into a preheating beam and a welding beam according to a predetermined ratio. The preheating beam is reflected by the beam splitting component to the working area to form a fixed-point light spot, and the welding beam is transmitted through the beam splitting component to the beam reflection component and further reflected to the working area to form a welding light spot.

[0032] In one embodiment, shaping the output beam can make the shape of the formed light spot different from that of the original output beam. It can be understood that before the output beam is shaped, it is emitted by a point light source, and the shape of its light spot (i.e., the radial cross-sectional shape of the output beam) is usually circular. After shaping, the shape of the light spot of the output beam is different from the aforementioned circle and has an extended trend. For example, it can be a water droplet shape or an oval shape, and the working area can be preheated and welded in different regions according to the energy partition. It can be understood that the energy distribution regions for preheating and welding are located at different positions of the light spot respectively. After the shaped output beam is split, a preheating beam and a welding beam are formed. The shapes of the light spots formed by the two beams and the energy distribution also have the above-mentioned differences compared with those before shaping.

[0033] It can be understood that before the output beam is reflected, it is shaped and split to form a preheating beam and a welding beam. The energy distribution in each region of the light spots formed by the preheating beam and the welding beam in their respective focal planes is uneven, and the shape is also different from that before shaping. By adopting the technical solution of the present application, the preheating beam first reaches the welding part on the working area and gradually performs primary preheating on the welding part. Then the welding beam reaches the welding part, and the low-energy distribution region of its light spot continues to perform secondary preheating on it. Finally, the high-energy distribution region reaches the preheated part first and penetrates the metal to achieve deep penetration welding.

[0034] By using the laser welding optical path system provided by the present application, the shape and energy distribution of the light spot after the output beam is shaped are both changed, and at the same time, it is divided into a preheating beam and a welding beam. The weld on the working area is preheated by the preheating beam and the low-energy distribution region of the welding beam, which can not only reduce the rapid evaporation and spatter caused by heat energy concentration during the formal welding process, stabilize the molten pool, reduce the generation of metal vapor, but also is beneficial to protecting the shaping elements in the device from being damaged by backflow spatter.

[0035] For the welding beam, the energy distribution of the formed welding light spot has a certain influence on the final preheating effect. In order to finally achieve a good welding effect, the energy of the welding light spot used for preheating accounts for 2% - 25% of the total energy of the light spot, and the energy used for welding accounts for 75% - 98% of the total energy of the light spot. Under such an energy distribution ratio, the energy at the edge of the light spot drops suddenly, and the energy region for preheating is distributed around the energy region for welding. That is, as the beam swings, the weld on the working area can be welded only after sufficient preheating, which can make the laser energy distribution more uniform in the width scanning direction of the light spot, is more conducive to forming a flat and uniform cladding layer, reducing the spatter generated during welding, and further improving the welding effect.

[0036] Specifically, the embodiments for shaping the output beam include but are not limited to the following several:

[0037] When the output beam is a divergent beam, the beam shaping component includes a collimating mirror and a focusing mirror, that is, the collimating mirror and the focusing mirror are used to shape the output beam. The optical axis of the collimating mirror intersects the central axis of the output beam and is set at a preset angle. The optical axis of the focusing mirror coincides with the central axis of the output beam. It can be understood that after the output beam passes through the collimating mirror set at a preset angle offset relative to its central axis, it is shaped into a first astigmatic beam. By configuring a specific tilt angle for the collimating mirror, the control of the energy distribution in the diffused light spot can be achieved, so as to form a light spot with different energy distribution regions. In the embodiment of the present application, the first astigmatic beam after being collimated and shaped by the collimating mirror continues to be incident into the focusing mirror. The optical axis of the focusing mirror coincides with the central axis of the original output beam. Therefore, based on the same principle, the first astigmatic beam further forms a second astigmatic beam after passing through the focusing mirror, and at the same time, a light spot with different energy density distribution regions is formed at the focal plane of the focusing mirror. It should be noted that the second astigmatic beam does not form a point image, but forms an asymmetric diffused light spot with a shrinking trend. Optionally, the optical axes of the collimating mirror and the focusing mirror can also intersect the central axis of the divergent beam and be set at a preset angle respectively. This embodiment is based on the same principle as the previous embodiment, so it will not be elaborated here. The angle formed by the optical axis of the collimating mirror and the central axis of the divergent beam is the first preset angle, and the angle formed by the optical axis of the focusing mirror and the central axis of the divergent beam is the second preset angle. It should be noted that the first preset angles can be the same or different. It can be understood that after a reasonable optical path design by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation, whether the two angles are the same or different can make the optical path finally output a light spot with different energy distribution regions to preheat and weld the weld in the working area.

[0038] When the output beam is a collimated beam, please refer to Figure 1 , the laser emitting component 130 can be a collimating end cap connected to the laser through an optical fiber. The beam shaping component includes a focusing mirror 140, that is, the focusing mirror 140 is used to shape the output beam. The optical axis of the focusing mirror 140 intersects the central axis of the collimated beam and is set at a preset angle.

[0039] Preferably, in the above solution, the preset angle formed by the main optical axis of the optical lens and the main optical axis of the outgoing light beam is 1.5° - 4°. Through simulation verification, when the included angle is within the above range, the energy ratio of the reshaped light beam for preheating to the energy for welding is relatively ideal, the temperature of the molten pool is more uniform, and the effect of suppressing welding spatter is significantly improved. In the actual application process, the offset angle of the lens can be appropriately adjusted according to the plate thickness of the base material, and the optical path design method is more flexible and variable. It can be understood that after the person skilled in the art makes a reasonable optical path design according to the actual situation, whether the two included angles are the same or different, the optical path can output spots with different energy distribution regions to preheat and weld the weld in the working area.

[0040] Please refer to Figures 2 - 5 , which respectively show the schematic diagrams of the spot shapes of the finally reshaped light beam in different embodiments.

[0041] When the included angle between the main optical axis l1 of the collimator and the central axis of the laser beam is 3.2°, and the main optical axis l2 of the focusing lens is coaxial with the central axis of the laser beam, the overall shape of its spot is in a water droplet shape, and the energy of the area used for preheating accounts for about 80% of the total energy of the spot, as Figure 2 shown.

[0042] When the included angle between the main optical axis l1 of the collimator and the central axis of the laser beam is 2.2°, and the main optical axis l2 of the focusing lens is coaxial with the central axis of the laser beam, the overall shape of its spot is in a water droplet shape, and the energy of the area used for preheating accounts for about 90% of the total energy of the spot, as Figure 3 shown.

[0043] When the main optical axis l1 of the collimator is coaxial with the central axis of the laser beam, and the included angle between the main optical axis l2 of the focusing lens and the central axis of the laser beam is 4.9°, the overall shape of its spot is in a water droplet shape, and the energy of the area used for preheating accounts for about 85% of the total energy of the spot, as Figure 4 shown.

[0044] When the main optical axis l1 of the collimator is coaxial with the central axis of the laser beam, and the included angle between the main optical axis l2 of the focusing lens and the central axis of the laser beam is 3.1°, the overall shape of its spot is in an oval shape, and the energy of the area used for preheating accounts for about 95% of the total energy of the spot, as Figure 5 shown.

[0045] In an ideal optical system, it is usually assumed that the lens is a thin lens, and the principal optical axis of the optical lens is usually coaxial with the central axis of the light beam. This can ensure that the output light beam can be correctly focused or collimated, thus achieving a good focusing effect. However, in reality, the lens has a certain thickness, which will lead to a difference between the optical theoretical model and the actual light propagation process, and it cannot ensure that the principal optical axis of the lens coincides exactly with the central axis of the light beam, easily causing coma aberration. The design idea of this application is to control the angle between at least one of the collimating mirror and the focusing mirror and the principal optical axis of the incident light beam, and change the spot shape and energy partitioning under the premise of controllable coma aberration, so as to preheat and weld the weld seam on the working area.

[0046] In one embodiment, the beam splitting component includes a beam splitter 150 and an adjustment unit (not shown in the figure). The beam splitter 150 has a reflective surface and a transmissive surface arranged oppositely, and the adjustment unit is used to adjust the reflectivity and transmittance of the beam splitter 150.

[0047] Preferably, the reflectivity of the beam splitter to the incident light beam is 10% and the transmittance is 90%. In this way, a better preheating effect can be provided for the weld seam while achieving a higher welding efficiency.

[0048] In order to further achieve a better preheating effect, the angle between the beam splitter 150 and the optical axis of the outgoing light beam ranges from 50° to 65°. The beam reflection component includes a reflector 160, and the angle between the reflector 160 and the optical axis of the outgoing light beam is 55°. With such an angle range set, a better preheating effect can be provided for the weld seam while achieving a higher welding efficiency, improving the uniformity of the molten pool temperature, and being beneficial to reducing the spatter generated during welding. In the embodiment of this application, the preheating light beam is reflected from the reflective surface and reaches the working area in advance to preheat the weld seam.

[0049] It can be understood that the coverage area of the preheating spot formed by the preheating light beam on the working area is much larger than the coverage area of the welding spot formed by the welding light beam on the working area, which depends on the focal length of the optical lens in the beam shaping element and the working distance. In the actual design process of the optical path, the preheating spot is sufficient to cover the complete weld seam on the working area to achieve first-level uniform preheating.

[0050] The beam reflection component further includes an actuator, and the actuator is used to drive the reflector 160 to swing or vibrate to achieve rapid scanning of the reflected light on the working area.

[0051] In one embodiment, the fixed-point spot and the welding spot are respectively irradiated on a predetermined position. The fixed-point spot is used to perform primary preheating on the weld seam of the working area, and the welding spot is used to perform secondary preheating and welding on the weld seam; both the fixed-point spot and the welding spot have different energy distribution regions.

[0052] It is understandable that the preheating beam in the present application provides primary preheating for the weld seam in the working area, and the welding beam provides secondary preheating and welding conditions for the weld seam in the working area, thereby greatly reducing the rapid evaporation and spatter caused by heat concentration during the manual welding process and achieving a highly stable molten pool.

[0053] As another aspect of the present application, the present application also proposes a laser welding device, which includes the laser welding optical path system of any one of the above. The welding device includes a laser emission component 130, a beam shaping component, a beam splitting component, and a beam reflection component arranged in sequence along the beam emission direction. For the time being, the present application takes this welding device as a laser welding gun as an example for illustration.

[0054] In some embodiments, the laser emission component 130 can adopt the following several structures. For example, when the laser emission component emits a divergent beam, it includes an optical fiber and an end cap arranged in sequence. One end of the optical fiber is connected to the laser, and the other end is fusion-welded to the end cap. At this time, the beam shaping component includes a collimating mirror and a focusing mirror 140. The main optical axis of the collimating mirror intersects the central axis of the divergent beam at a preset angle. The focusing mirror is arranged between the collimating mirror and the beam reflection component, and the focusing mirror is coaxial with the divergent beam.

[0055] Alternatively, when the laser emission component is used to emit a collimated beam, it includes an optical fiber, an end cap, and a collimating mirror arranged in sequence. One end of the optical fiber is connected to the laser, the other end of the optical fiber is fusion-welded to the end cap, and the collimating mirror is arranged at the output end of the end cap. At this time, the beam shaping component includes a focusing mirror, and the main optical axis of the focusing mirror intersects the central axis of the collimated beam at a preset angle.

[0056] Alternatively, when the laser emission component is used to emit a collimated beam, it includes an optical fiber and a collimating end cap arranged in sequence. One end of the optical fiber is connected to the laser, and the other end is fusion-welded to the collimating end cap. At this time, the beam shaping component includes a focusing mirror, and the main optical axis of the focusing mirror intersects the central axis of the collimated beam at a preset angle. Exemplarily, the collimating end cap can adopt the structure in the patent application number 1115238008. It is understandable that adopting this collimating end cap is beneficial to reducing the number of optical components in the optical path, thereby simplifying the assembly and adjustment of the components, and is beneficial to the lightweight design of the laser welding device adopting this optical system.

[0057] Please refer to Figure 1 , for the time being, the present application takes the laser emission component as a collimating end cap as an example for illustration.

[0058] In one embodiment, the collimating end cap and focusing lens 140 are both mounted within a hollow sleeve, which defines a light passage. The collimating end caps are secured to the first axial end of the hollow sleeve via fixings, forming a closed section between the optical fiber and the laser output. It is understood that this first end is typically located near the output end of the laser light source (i.e., the laser) and has a mounting slot. The fixings abut the collimating end caps, sealing the laser emitting assembly within the stepped aperture of the light passage. Specifically, the end of the collimating end cap facing away from the focusing lens 140 is connected to the laser's fiber armored cable via an optical fiber. Laser light output from the laser is transmitted via the optical cable and optical fiber to the laser emitting assembly, where it is shaped and collimated. A focusing lens barrel (not shown) is also movably mounted within the hollow sleeve, within which the focusing lens 140 is mounted. To further minimize installation errors within the laser emitting assembly, an elastic pressure ring can be used as the fixing for securing the collimating end caps.

[0059] The laser welding device of the present application also includes a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion. A collimating end cap and a focusing lens 140 are removably mounted within the first connecting portion. A first mounting cavity is provided within the first connecting portion, and a light output channel is provided within the second connecting portion. The first mounting cavity is connected to the light output channel. The collimating end cap and the focusing lens 140 are mounted within the first mounting cavity, and the converging light beam output from the focusing lens 140 is output through the light output channel.

[0060] The second connection portion is also provided with a transition cavity. The first mounting cavity, the transition cavity, and the light exit channel are sequentially connected. A beam splitter is fixedly mounted in the transition cavity, and a reflector is movably mounted. The light beam converged by focusing lens 140 passes through beam splitter 150 and is proportionally divided into a preheating beam and a welding beam. The preheating beam is directly reflected by beam splitter 150 and reaches the working area through the light exit channel. The welding beam is transmitted from beam splitter 150 to reflector 160, then reflected by reflector 160 and reaches the weld in the working area through the light exit channel.

[0061] In one embodiment, the reflector 160 is connected to an actuator fixedly mounted inside the transition chamber, and the actuator is used to drive the reflector to swing or vibrate in at least one dimension. After the collimated light beam output from the laser emission assembly reaches the focusing mirror, it is focused by the focusing mirror and transmitted to the reflector, and then reflected to the part to be processed, completing the processing of the workpiece. The welding gun adopts the above structure. Since the focusing mirror is integrated into the first connecting part held by the hand during welding, the collimated light in the handheld welding gun can converge before reaching the reflector, which is conducive to reducing the weight of the front end of the welding gun, making the staff more convenient and flexible when performing welding operations, and at the same time avoiding the situation where debris inside the gun barrel falls and causes damage to the focusing mirror.

[0062] Optionally, when the actuator is configured as one, it can directly drive the mirror 160 to swing or vibrate in two-dimensional directions; when the actuator is configured as two, the two can respectively drive the mirror 160 to swing or vibrate in different directions. Preferably, the actuator is a micro motor, and the micro motor is connected to the mirror 160 through a lens clip.

[0063] It can be understood that the first installation cavity is arranged along the extending direction of the first connecting portion and is communicated with the end of the first connecting portion. The collimating end cap is fixedly installed at the rear end of the first installation cavity through fasteners such as bolts, and the focusing lens 160 is located downstream of the collimating end cap. By installing the focusing lens 160 originally arranged in the second connecting portion into the first connecting portion, the weight of the second connecting portion at the front end of the welding torch is effectively reduced, making it more convenient and flexible for the operator to perform welding operations and reducing the fatigue degree of long-term welding. Preferably, the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are directly connected and arranged at a preset angle to form a gun-shaped structure convenient for the operator to hold by hand, so as to ensure that the operator maintains the best processing angle when holding the first connecting portion. Specifically, when using the laser welding torch, the operator holds the first connecting portion by hand, aligns the output end of the second connecting portion with the workpiece to be processed, turns on the power supply of the welding torch, and can perform welding after determining various parameters.

[0064] In some embodiments, the laser emitting assembly and the beam shaping assembly form a laser output head, and the output head is directly inserted into the first installation cavity from the end of the first connecting portion and is locked and sealed by an end cap.

[0065] In the embodiments of the present application, the connection between the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion is a separable connection, and / or the connection between the transition cavity of the second connecting portion and the light output channel is a separable connection; a protective lens is provided between the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion, and between the transition cavity and the light output channel in the second connecting portion.

[0066] In other embodiments, the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion can also be integrally formed. The integrally formed laser processing device avoids problems such as seams and oxidation, which is beneficial to improving the performance and stability of the parts.

[0067] Since the focused beam output from the collimating end cap and the focusing lens 160 has a high energy, the mirror 160 of the present application is provided with a preset anti-damage threshold to receive the converging beam emitted from the focusing lens 140 and reflect it to a preset position. Optionally, the reflecting surface of the mirror 160 is coated with a dielectric film for high-power lasers to effectively resist high-intensity laser beams and maintain its own performance without being damaged. Preferably, the reflectivity of the mirror 160 to the converging beam reaches 99.9%.

[0068] It can be understood that, in the embodiments of the present application, the collimated beam is converged by the focusing mirror 140 before reaching the reflecting mirror 160. Therefore, the beam energy received by the reflecting mirror is relatively strong, and more heat is generated. Accordingly, the laser welding torch further includes a heat dissipation component (not shown in the figure), and the heat dissipation component is thermally connected to the reflecting mirror to timely dissipate the heat of the reflecting mirror and prevent it from being deformed by heat, which affects the welding effect.

[0069] In one embodiment, the second connecting portion includes a first portion and a second portion that are connected in sequence. The first portion is disposed near the connection between the second connecting portion and the first connecting portion. The second portion includes a rod body and a nozzle that are connected to each other. The second portion is connected to one end of the first portion through the connecting member. Optionally, the second portion is quickly detachable and lockable relative to the first portion through the connecting member to improve the disassembly and assembly efficiency of the welding torch during production or repair.

[0070] The protective mirror is disposed in the second installation cavity of the second connecting portion, and the reflecting mirror is optically connected to the protective mirror. The protective mirror is used to separate the external environment from the reflecting mirror, the focusing mirror and the laser emitting component inside the welding torch, so as to protect the above optical components. Specifically, it protects each lens inside the second connecting portion from being contaminated by dust, smoke, splashes, etc., and prevents the attenuation and scattering of the laser beam. The converged beam reflected by the reflecting mirror passes through the protective mirror and hits the workpiece to be processed for welding.

[0071] During the use of the device, the protective mirror needs to be cleaned or replaced regularly to ensure the quality and stability of the laser beam. Therefore, optionally, the protective mirror is configured as a drawer-type box structure and is detachably installed inside the second installation cavity through elastic buckles or fasteners, so that it can be conveniently taken out when replacing the protective mirror.

[0072] In summary, compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the present application provides a laser welding optical path system for reducing spatter. The optical path system includes a laser emission component, a beam shaping component, a beam splitting component, and a beam reflection component arranged in sequence. The laser emission component is used to output an outgoing beam, the beam shaping component is used to shape the outgoing beam, the beam splitting component is used to divide the shaped outgoing beam into a preheating beam and a welding beam according to a predetermined ratio. The preheating beam is reflected by the beam splitting component to the working area to form a fixed-point light spot, and the welding beam is transmitted through the beam splitting component to the beam reflection component and further reflected to the working area to form a welding light spot. Both the fixed-point light spot and the welding light spot are within a predetermined range. By adopting the technical solution of the present application, the shape and energy distribution of the light spot of the outgoing beam will change after shaping. Therefore, the shape and energy distribution of the light spots of the preheating beam and the welding beam after beam splitting will also change. The preheating beam provides primary preheating for the weld in the working area, and the welding beam provides secondary preheating and welding conditions for the weld in the working area. The technical solution of the present application can greatly reduce the rapid evaporation and spatter caused by heat concentration during manual welding and achieve a highly stable molten pool. The technical solution of the present application effectively solves the problem of large spatter in the prior art's manual welding solution. Therefore, the present application effectively overcomes various disadvantages in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.

[0073] The above embodiments are only illustrative of the principles and effects of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any person familiar with this technology can modify or change the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those with ordinary knowledge in the technical field without departing from the spirit and technical idea disclosed by the present application should still be covered by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A laser welding optical path system for reducing splashing, characterized in that The optical path system is sequentially provided with a beam shaping component, a beam splitting component, and a beam reflection component in the laser emission direction. The beam shaping component is used to shape the emitted beam. The beam splitting component is used to divide the shaped emitted beam into a preheating beam and a welding beam according to a predetermined ratio. The preheating beam is reflected by the beam splitting component to the working area to form a fixed-point spot, and the welding beam is transmitted through the beam splitting component to the beam reflection component and further reflected to the working area to form a welding spot.

2. The laser welding optical path system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The beam splitting component includes a beam splitter and an adjustment unit. The beam splitter has a reflection surface and a transmission surface arranged oppositely, and the adjustment unit is used to adjust the reflectivity and transmittance of the beam splitter.

3. The laser welding optical path system according to claim 2, wherein The included angle between the beam splitter and the optical axis of the emitted beam ranges from 50° to 65°. The beam reflection component includes a reflector, and the included angle between the reflector and the optical axis of the emitted beam is 55°.

4. The laser welding optical path system according to claim 2, wherein, The preheating beam reaches the working area in advance after being reflected from the reflection surface.

5. The laser welding optical path system according to claim 3, wherein The beam reflection component further includes an actuator, and the actuator is used to drive the reflector to swing or vibrate to achieve rapid scanning of the reflected light on the working area.

6. The laser welding optical path system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed-point spot and the welding spot are respectively irradiated on predetermined positions. The fixed-point spot is used to perform primary preheating on the weld of the working area, and the welding spot is used to perform secondary preheating and welding on the weld. Both the fixed-point spot and the welding spot have different energy distribution regions.

7. The laser welding optical path system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the emitted beam is a divergent beam, the beam shaping component includes a collimating mirror and a focusing mirror arranged sequentially along the beam emission direction. The main optical axis of the collimating mirror intersects with the central axis of the divergent beam and is set at a preset included angle, and the main optical axis of the focusing mirror coincides with the central axis of the divergent beam.

8. The laser welding optical path system according to claim 1, wherein, When the emitted beam is a divergent beam, the beam shaping component includes a collimating mirror and a focusing mirror arranged sequentially along the beam emission direction. The main optical axes of the collimating mirror and the focusing mirror respectively intersect with the central axis of the divergent beam and are set at preset angles.

9. The laser welding optical path system according to claim 1, wherein, When the emitted beam is a collimated beam, the beam shaping component includes a focusing mirror, and the main optical axis of the focusing mirror intersects with the central axis of the collimated beam and is set at a preset included angle.

10. A laser welding device for reducing spatter, characterized in that, Including the laser welding optical path system according to any one of claims 1-9.

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