Blockage-free perforating bullet capable of improving flow conductivity of pore channel
By introducing diversion blades, memory alloy columns and nanocoatings into the perforation bullet, the problems of insufficient channel diversion capacity and easy blockage are solved, and efficient oil and gas mining is achieved and the mining cost is reduced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202521344652.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-01
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-06-30
AI Technical Summary
The existing perforation bullets have insufficient channel diversion capacity and are prone to blockage, resulting in low oil and gas extraction efficiency, especially in deep wells and ultra-deep wells, which increases the mining cost.
A perforation bullet is designed, including a diversion blade, a memory alloy column and a nanocoat. The diversion blade guides the flow of oil and gas and collects debris. The memory alloy column deforms and expands the expansion wings to prevent debris from being blocked, and the nanocoat prevents moisture and impurities from adhering to it, enhancing the channel's diversion capacity and preventing blockage.
It significantly improves the flow diversion capacity of the hole, avoids debris blockage, enhances the oil and gas flow path, reduces flow resistance, and extends the service life of the perforation bullet.
Smart Images
Figure CN223179422U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of perforating bullets, in particular to a perforating bullet capable of improving the flow conduction capacity of a pore channel without being blocked. Background Art
[0002] In the field of oil and gas resource extraction, perforating operations are a critical link between the formation and the wellbore, and their quality directly determines the productivity and lifecycle of the oil and gas well. As the core equipment of perforating operations, the performance of perforating charges has a profound impact on oil and gas extraction efficiency, cost control, and safe production.
[0003] Currently, conventional perforating charges face numerous technical bottlenecks in practical application. Regarding perforating channel conductivity, the channels formed by the explosion of existing perforating charges exhibit irregular pore diameters and rough channel walls, significantly increasing resistance to fluid flow within the channels. Research data indicates that the conductivity of conventional perforating channels is 30%-40% lower than ideal, severely restricting efficient oil and gas production. Furthermore, the high-temperature, high-pressure shock wave generated by the instantaneous explosion of the perforating charge compacts the rock surrounding the channel, forming a low-permeability compaction zone, further weakening the channel's conductivity.
[0004] Regarding perforating channel blockage, metal debris, rock fragments, and incompletely burned gunpowder residue produced by perforating charge explosions can easily accumulate within the perforating channels, creating a potential blockage risk. This is particularly challenging in complex geological conditions, such as deep and ultra-deep wells, where the confined downhole space and complex fluid flow make clearing debris extremely difficult. Once a perforating channel becomes clogged, the oil and gas flow path is obstructed, leading not only to a sharp drop in production but also to the need for extensive workover operations, which can significantly increase production costs.
[0005] Despite extensive research efforts within the industry, such as improving the charge structure of perforating charges and optimizing liner design, existing technologies remain unable to fundamentally address the issues of insufficient perforating flow conductivity and clogging. Therefore, developing a new perforating charge that can significantly improve perforating flow conductivity and effectively prevent clogging has become a critical technical challenge urgently needed to be overcome in the oil and gas extraction field, and is of great practical significance for promoting the efficient development of oil and gas resources. Utility Model Content
[0006] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a perforating bullet which improves the flow conductivity of the duct without blocking, thereby improving the flow conductivity of the duct and preventing debris from blocking the duct, thereby improving the efficiency of oil and gas production.
[0007] To achieve the above object, the present utility model provides the following technical solution: A perforating charge that improves the channel diversion ability and has no blockage, comprising a projectile body and an energetic material liner fixedly connected to the inner wall of the projectile body. An explosive is filled between the projectile body and the energetic material liner, and a shaped charge liner for perforation is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the energetic material liner;
[0008] A plurality of diversion holes are formed on the outer surface of the projectile body. A diversion vane is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the diversion hole. A collection cavity is formed inside the projectile body. The diameter of the diversion hole is 8 mm - 12 mm.
[0009] Preferably, the projectile body is in a hollow cylindrical shape. One end of the projectile body is provided with an opening, and the other end is a closed end. A plurality of the diversion holes are all communicated with the inside of the projectile body, and the collection cavity is communicated with the plurality of diversion holes.
[0010] Preferably, a groove is formed on the outer surface of the projectile body. A shape memory alloy column is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the groove. One end of the shape memory alloy column away from the inner wall of the groove is fixedly connected with an expansion wing.
[0011] Preferably, a detonation port is formed at the center of the upper surface of the projectile body. The inside of the detonation port is filled with a primary explosive. The primary explosive is in contact with the explosive. A pressing plate is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the projectile body.
[0012] Preferably, the projectile body is made of a high-strength and low-density alloy material, and the tensile strength is set to 1200 MPa - 1500 MPa, and the density is 2.8 g / cm³ - 3.2 g / cm³.
[0013] Preferably, the depth of the micro-nano groove array on the surface of the energetic material liner is set to 3 μm - 5 μm, and the width is set to 5 μm - 8 μm.
[0014] Preferably, the shape memory alloy column is made of CuZnAl shape memory alloy wire, its expansion and contraction temperature is 80 °C - 95 °C, its free state, i.e., at low temperature, is 45 mm, and its extended state, i.e., at high temperature, is 200 mm.
[0015] Preferably, the expansion wing is made of expandable graphite, plastic, and antistatic material. It expands under the action of detonation temperature, fills the space and shows viscosity to stick the projectile fragments together.
[0016] Preferably, the surfaces of the projectile body, the energetic material liner, the shaped charge liner for perforation, the diversion vane, the collection cavity, and the expansion wing are all coated with a nano-coating, and the nano-coating is composed of a superhydrophobic nano-material and a self-healing nano-material.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present utility model are:
[0018] 1. The perforating charge that improves the diversion ability of the pore channel without jamming. After the explosion occurs, the diversion blades guide the flow of oil and gas. At the same time, the debris generated by the explosion can be guided to multiple diversion holes and finally guided to the inside of the collection chamber for collection. Then, an adsorption layer is provided on the inner wall of the collection chamber. The adsorption layer is made of a magnetic material and can adsorb the metal debris generated by the explosion to prevent the debris from blocking the pore channel.
[0019] 2. The perforating charge that improves the diversion ability of the pore channel without jamming. After the explosion occurs, the temperature rises, and the shape memory alloy column will deform due to the temperature rise. After the shape memory alloy column elongates, it will drive the expansion wing to pierce through the thin film and protrude from the groove. The expanded expansion wing is arc-shaped and can form a certain space around the perforation pore channel to block the movement of debris into the pore channel. At the same time, it increases the flow path of oil and gas and improves the diversion ability of the pore channel.
[0020] 3. The perforating charge that improves the diversion ability of the pore channel without jamming. Nano-coatings are applied to multiple surfaces of the perforating charge. The nano-coating is composed of superhydrophobic nano-materials and self-healing nano-materials. The superhydrophobic nano-materials can prevent water and impurities in the oil and gas from adhering to the surface and reduce the flow resistance. When the self-healing nano-materials are slightly damaged, they can automatically fill cracks and defects and extend the service life of the perforating charge. Brief Description of the Drawings
[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.
[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the perforating charge of the present invention;
[0023] Figure 2 It is a cross-section of the perforating charge of the present invention Figure 1 ;
[0024] Figure 3 It is a cross-section of the perforating charge of the present invention Figure 2 ;
[0025] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the perforating charge after the expansion wing of the present invention is unfolded.
[0026] In the figure: 1, projectile body; 2, explosive; 3, energetic material liner; 4, shaped charge liner for perforation; 5, detonation port; 6, primer; 7, pressing plate; 8, diversion hole; 801, diversion blade; 802, collection chamber; 9, groove; 901, shape memory alloy column; 902, expansion wing. Detailed Embodiment
[0027] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0028] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection", "fixation", etc. shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.
[0029] Please refer to Figures 1 - 4 , the present invention provides a technical solution:
[0030] Embodiment 1: A perforating charge for improving the diversion ability of the hole channel without jamming, including a projectile body 1 and an energetic material liner 3 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the projectile body 1. An explosive 2 is filled between the projectile body 1 and the energetic material liner 3. A shaped charge liner 4 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the energetic material liner 3. A detonating port 5 is opened at the center of the upper surface of the projectile body 1. An initiating explosive 6 is filled inside the detonating port 5. The initiating explosive 6 is in contact with the explosive 2. A pressing plate 7 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the projectile body 1.
[0031] The projectile body 1 is made of a high-strength and low-density alloy material, and the tensile strength is set to 1200 MPa - 1500 MPa, and the density is 2.8 g / cm³ - 3.2 g / cm³. The depth of the micro-nano groove array on the surface of the energetic material liner 3 is set to 3 μm - 5 μm, and the width is set to 5 μm - 8 μm. These grooves can further optimize the jet shape during explosion, enhance the penetration ability of the formation, and reduce the loss of jet energy at the same time.
[0032] The energetic material liner 3 is made of nickel and silicon dioxide, and an appropriate amount of additives is added; using the designed concave die and convex die, it is repeatedly pressed into shape by the process of ball milling and mixing.
[0033] The shaped charge liner 4 selects tungsten-copper-bismuth alloy powders with different particle sizes, and is pressed into shape by using the designed concave die and convex die and the preparation processes such as explosive forming, powder refinement, and mechanical alloying.
[0034] After the shaped charge liner 3 and the shaped charge perforating liner 4 of the energetic material are prepared, they are solidified by a special sintering process, so that the above two structures are tightly pressed into one body. Then, the explosive 2 is filled into the inner cavity of the projectile 1 to form an initial main charge column. The shaped charge liner 3 and the shaped charge perforating liner 4 of the energetic material are pressed into the inner cavity of the projectile 1 and formed. Finally, a special sealant is applied to the lower ports of the shaped charge liner 3 and the shaped charge perforating liner 4 of the energetic material and the joint of the projectile 1, or a locking ring is pressed to fix it.
[0035] A plurality of diversion holes 8 are provided on the outer surface of the projectile 1. The inner wall of the diversion hole 8 is fixedly connected with a diversion vane 801. The diversion vane 801 is made of a ceramic material with high temperature resistance and wear resistance. Its surface is smooth, which can reduce the resistance to the flow of oil and gas. A collection cavity 802 is provided inside the projectile 1. The diameter of the diversion hole 8 is 8 mm - 12 mm. The projectile 1 is in a hollow cylindrical shape. One end of the projectile has an opening, and the other end is a closed end. A plurality of diversion holes 8 are all communicated with the inside of the projectile 1. The collection cavity 802 is communicated with a plurality of diversion holes 8. An adsorption layer is provided on the inner wall of the collection cavity 802. The adsorption layer is made of a magnetic material and can adsorb metal debris generated by the explosion to prevent the debris from blocking the pores.
[0036] By igniting the primer 6, the explosive 2 explodes. After the explosion occurs, the diversion vane 801 guides the flow of oil and gas. At the same time, the debris generated by the explosion can be guided to a plurality of diversion holes 8 and finally guided to the inside of the collection cavity 802 for collection. Then, an adsorption layer is provided on the inner wall of the collection cavity 8 of the collection cavity 802. The adsorption layer is made of a magnetic material and can adsorb metal debris generated by the explosion to prevent the debris from blocking the pores.
[0037] Embodiment 2: A groove 9 is provided on the outer surface of the projectile 1. The groove 9 is communicated with the inside of the projectile 1. An easily broken film is provided at the opening of the groove 9 for sealing. A shape memory alloy column 901 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the groove 9. One end of the shape memory alloy column 901 away from the inner wall of the groove 9 is fixedly connected with an expansion wing 902. The shape memory alloy column 901 is made of CuZnAl shape memory alloy wire. Its expansion and contraction temperature is 80 °C - 95 °C. Its free state, that is, at low temperature, is 45 mm, and its extended state, that is, at high temperature, is 200 mm.
[0038] After the explosion occurs, the temperature rises. The shape memory alloy column 901 will deform due to the temperature rise. After the shape memory alloy column 901 extends, it drives the expansion wing 902 to pierce the film and protrude from the groove 9. The expanded expansion wing 902 is arc-shaped and can form a certain space around the perforation channel, softening, expanding, adhering, and blocking the movement of debris into the channel. At the same time, it increases the flow path of oil and gas, improves the channel diversion ability, and prevents debris from jamming the well.
[0039] Example 3: The surfaces of the projectile 1, the energetic material liner 3, the shaped charge liner 4 for perforation, the flow guiding vane 801, the collection chamber 802, and the expansion wing 902 are all coated with a nano - coating, which is composed of a super - hydrophobic nano - material and a self - healing nano - material. The super - hydrophobic nano - material can prevent moisture and impurities in the oil - gas from adhering to the surface, reducing the flow resistance; when the self - healing nano - material is slightly damaged, it can automatically fill cracks and defects, extending the service life of the perforating projectile.
[0040] It should be noted that in this article, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non - exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising a..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the said element.
[0041] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A perforating charge that improves the diversion capacity of the pore channel without jamming, comprising a projectile body (1) and an energetic material liner (3) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the projectile body (1). An explosive (2) is filled between the projectile body (1) and the energetic material liner (3). It is characterized in that: The inner wall of the energetic material liner (3) is fixedly connected with a shaped charge perforating liner (4); A plurality of diversion holes (8) are formed in the outer surface of the projectile body (1). The inner wall of the diversion hole (8) is fixedly connected with a diversion vane (801). A collection cavity (802) is formed in the projectile body (1). The diameter of the diversion hole (8) is 8 mm - 12 mm.
2. The perforating charge for improving the channel diversion capacity without jamming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The projectile body (1) is in a hollow cylindrical shape. One end of the projectile body is provided with an opening, and the other end is a closed end. The plurality of diversion holes (8) are all communicated with the inside of the projectile body (1), and the collection cavity (802) is communicated with the plurality of diversion holes (8).
3. A perforating charge for improving the diversion capacity of a pore channel without jamming according to claim 1, characterized in that: A groove (9) is formed in the outer surface of the projectile body (1). The inner wall of the groove (9) is fixedly connected with a shape memory alloy column (901). One end of the shape memory alloy column (901) far away from the inner wall of the groove (9) is fixedly connected with an expansion wing (902). The expansion wing is made of a combination of expandable graphite, plastic, and antistatic material.
4. A perforating charge for improving the diversion capacity of a pore channel without jamming according to claim 1, characterized in that: A detonation port (5) is formed in the center of the upper surface of the projectile body (1). The detonation port (5) is filled with a primer (6). The primer (6) is in contact with the explosive (2). A pressing plate (7) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the projectile body (1).
5. A perforating charge for improving the diversion capacity of a pore channel without clogging according to claim 1, characterized in that: The projectile body (1) is made of a high-strength and low-density alloy material, with a tensile strength set to 1200 MPa - 1500 MPa and a density of 2.8 g / cm³ - 3.2 g / cm³.
6. A perforating charge for improving the diversion capacity of a pore channel without jamming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the micro-nano groove array on the surface of the energetic material liner (3) is set to 3 μm - 5 μm, and the width is set to 5 μm - 8 μm.
7. The perforating charge for improving the channel diversion capacity without jamming according to claim 3, wherein: The shape memory alloy column (901) is made of CuZnAl shape memory alloy wire, with a telescopic temperature of 80 °C - 95 °C. Its free state (low temperature) is 45 mm, and its extended state (high temperature) is 200 mm.
8. A perforating charge for improving the diversion capacity of a pore channel without clogging according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surfaces of the projectile body (1), the energetic material liner (3), the shaped charge perforating liner (4), the diversion vane (801), the collection cavity (802), and the expansion wing (902) are all coated with a nano-coating, which is composed of a superhydrophobic nano-material and a self-healing nano-material.