Distributed optical fiber communication system and optical fiber sensing integrated system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a distributed optical fiber communication system and an optical fiber communication integrated system, and realizes stable and reliable communication in a no-signal or low-signal environment. The distributed optical fiber communication system comprises an optical fiber, a signal transmitting and processing device, n point type voice acquisition modules, n modulation driving composite circuits and n mechanical oscillators fixed on the optical fiber, wherein n is greater than or equal to 1; the ith point type voice acquisition module is used for converting the captured voice signal into an electric signal; i = 1, 2, 3,..., n; the output end of the ith point type voice acquisition module is connected with the input end of the ith modulation driving composite circuit, and the output end of the ith modulation driving composite circuit is connected with the input end of the ith mechanical oscillator; the signal transmitting and processing device comprises a signal transmitting and collecting device and a signal analyzing device; the signal transmitting and collecting device transmits optical signals to the optical fibers, collects optical signal changes caused by external vibration in the optical fibers and outputs the optical signal changes to the signal analyzing device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a distributed optical fiber communication system and an integrated optical fiber communication and sensing system. Background Art

[0002] In special environments such as tunnels and mines, due to reasons such as electromagnetic interference or signal shielding, traditional wireless communication and wired communication means often have difficulty in working properly. This results in the fact that when a disaster occurs, the personnel in the tunnel or underground cannot contact the ground command center in time, increasing the difficulty and risk of rescue. Therefore, it is particularly important and urgent to develop a communication system that can work stably in harsh environments with no signal or low signal, such as in tunnels or underground. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of the above problems, this application provides a distributed optical fiber communication system and an integrated optical fiber communication and sensing system to achieve stable and reliable communication in an environment with no signal or low signal. The specific solutions are as follows:

[0004] In the first aspect of this application, a distributed optical fiber communication system is provided, including: an optical fiber, a signal transmitting and processing device, n point-type voice acquisition modules, n modulation and driving composite circuits, and n mechanical oscillators fixed on the optical fiber, where n≥1;

[0005] The i-th point-type voice acquisition module is used to convert the captured voice signal into an electrical signal, and the waveform characteristics of the electrical signal can reflect the acoustic characteristics of the voice signal; i = 1, 2, 3,..., n;

[0006] The output end of the i-th point-type voice acquisition module is connected to the input end of the i-th modulation and driving composite circuit, and the output end of the i-th modulation and driving composite circuit is connected to the input end of the i-th mechanical oscillator; the modulation and driving composite circuit is used to modulate the electrical signal converted by the point-type voice acquisition module into a driving signal that can drive the mechanical oscillator to generate a mechanical vibration wave, and the frequency or amplitude of the mechanical vibration wave can reflect the waveform characteristics of the electrical signal converted by the point-type voice acquisition module;

[0007] The signal transmitting and processing device includes a signal transmitting and acquisition device and a signal analysis device; the signal transmitting and acquisition device is connected between one end of the optical fiber and the input end of the signal analysis device, and is used to transmit an optical signal to the optical fiber and collect the change in the optical signal caused by external vibration in the optical fiber, and output it to the signal analysis device.

[0008] In a possible implementation, the signal transmitting and acquisition device includes: a pulsed light source, an optical circulator, and a photodetector;

[0009] The line width of the optical signal emitted by the pulsed light source is lower than a preset value;

[0010] The optical circulator has ports 1, 2, and 3, where: the optical signal input from port 1 is output from port 2, and the optical signal input from port 2 is output from port 3;

[0011] The output end of the pulsed light source is connected to port 1 of the optical circulator;

[0012] Port 2 of the optical circulator is connected to one end of the optical fiber;

[0013] Port 3 of the optical circulator is connected to the input end of the photodetector;

[0014] The output end of the photodetector is connected to the input end of the signal analysis device.

[0015] In a possible implementation, the signal transmitting and collecting device further includes: an optical splitter;

[0016] The photodetector is replaced with a balanced photodetector; the output end of the pulsed light source is connected to the input end of the optical splitter; the first output end of the optical splitter is connected to port 1 of the optical circulator, and the second output end of the optical splitter is connected to another input end of the balanced photodetector.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the electrical signal converted by the point - type voice collection module is a current or voltage signal.

[0018] In a possible implementation, the mechanical oscillator is fixed to the optical fiber by a fixture.

[0019] In a possible implementation, each mechanical oscillator is independently powered.

[0020] The second aspect of this application provides another distributed optical fiber communication system, including: an optical switch, a signal transmitting and processing device, m optical fibers, at least one mechanical oscillator fixed on the j - th optical fiber, a modulation - driving composite circuit set one - to - one with each mechanical oscillator, and a point - type voice collection module set one - to - one with each modulation - driving composite circuit; j = 1, 2, 3, ……, m; m≥2;

[0021] The point - type voice collection module is used to convert the captured voice signal into an electrical signal, and the waveform characteristics of the electrical signal can reflect the acoustic characteristics of the voice signal;

[0022] The output end of each point - type voice acquisition module is connected to the input end of its corresponding modulation - drive composite circuit, and the output end of each modulation - drive composite circuit is connected to the input end of its corresponding mechanical oscillator; the modulation - drive composite circuit is used to modulate the electrical signal converted by the point - type voice acquisition module into a drive signal capable of driving the mechanical oscillator to generate a mechanical vibration wave, and the frequency or amplitude of the mechanical vibration wave can reflect the waveform characteristics of the electrical signal converted by the point - type voice acquisition module;

[0023] The signal transmitting and processing device includes a signal transmitting and collecting device and a signal analyzing device; the signal transmitting and collecting device accesses different optical fibers through time - division multiplexing by the optical switch; the signal transmitting and collecting device is also connected to the signal analyzing device; the signal transmitting and collecting device is used to transmit an optical signal to the optical fiber and collect the change of the optical signal in the optical fiber caused by external vibration, and output it to the signal analyzing device.

[0024] The third aspect of the present application provides an optical fiber communication - sensing integrated system, including: a first optical multiplexer / demultiplexer, a second optical multiplexer / demultiplexer, a first optical communication device, a second optical communication device, and a distributed optical fiber communication system according to any implementation manner of the first aspect, the second aspect, the first aspect or the second aspect as described above;

[0025] The first optical multiplexer / demultiplexer is connected to the first optical communication device, one end of the optical fiber in the distributed optical fiber communication system, and the signal transmitting and processing device in the distributed optical fiber communication system;

[0026] The second optical multiplexer / demultiplexer is connected to the second optical multiplexer / demultiplexer and the other end of the optical fiber.

[0027] By means of the above - mentioned technical solution, the distributed optical fiber communication system provided by the present application first converts the voice signal emitted by a person into an electrical signal through a point - type voice acquisition module, then converts the electrical signal into a mechanical vibration wave through a modulation - drive composite circuit and a mechanical oscillator and applies it to the optical fiber, and finally uses the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology to capture and analyze the mechanical vibration wave to identify the voice signal. Since optical fiber sensing has the advantages of strong anti - electromagnetic interference ability and long transmission distance, this system can provide stable and reliable communication services in a signal - free or low - signal environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Combined with the drawings and referring to the following specific implementation manners, the above - mentioned and other features, advantages and aspects of each embodiment of the present disclosure will become more obvious. Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements. It should be understood that the drawings are schematic, and the original components and elements are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0029] Figure 1Schematic structural diagram of a distributed optical fiber communication system provided by this application;

[0030] Figure 2 Time - space waterfall diagram of vibration amplitude provided by this application;

[0031] Figure 3 Schematic structural diagram of another distributed optical fiber communication system provided by this application;

[0032] Figure 4 Schematic structural diagram of another distributed optical fiber communication system provided by this application;

[0033] Figure 5 Schematic structural diagram of another distributed optical fiber communication system provided by this application;

[0034] Figure 6 Schematic structural diagram of an integrated optical fiber communication and sensing system provided by this application. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] In special environments such as tunnels and underground mines, due to strong electromagnetic interference or signal shielding caused by complex geological structures, traditional wireless communication and wired communication means often face severe challenges and it is difficult to ensure continuous and reliable communication services. This communication obstacle is particularly fatal during disasters (such as earthquakes, collapses, fires, etc.) because it directly hinders the instant connection between the people inside the tunnel or underground and the ground command center, not only delaying the initiation of rescue operations but also greatly increasing the difficulty and risk of rescue.

[0036] To solve the problem that traditional communication means fail in harsh environments such as inside tunnels and underground with no signal or low signal, the embodiments of this application provide a distributed optical fiber communication system. This distributed optical fiber communication system integrates a point - type voice acquisition module, a modulation - drive composite circuit, a mechanical oscillator, and distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology. Specifically: First, the point - type voice acquisition module converts the voice signal (i.e., acoustic wave vibration) emitted by people into an electrical signal, then through the modulation - drive composite circuit and the mechanical oscillator, this electrical signal is converted into a mechanical vibration wave (i.e., vibration signal) and applied to the optical fiber. Finally, the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology is used to capture and analyze this mechanical vibration wave to identify the voice signal. Since optical fiber sensing has advantages such as strong anti - electromagnetic interference ability and long transmission distance, this distributed optical fiber communication system can provide stable and reliable communication services in environments with no signal or low signal.

[0037] The following describes in detail a distributed optical fiber communication system provided by the embodiments of this application with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that with the development of technology and the emergence of new scenarios, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application are equally applicable to similar technical problems.

[0038] In the description and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings, terms such as "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, which is only a way of distinguishing objects with the same attributes when describing the embodiments of this application. In addition, the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, system, product or device including a series of units does not have to be limited to those units, but may include other units not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0039] See Figure 1 , a distributed optical fiber communication system provided by an embodiment of this application specifically includes: optical fiber L1, a signal transmitting and processing device, n point-type voice acquisition modules, n modulation driving composite circuits, and n mechanical oscillators fixed on the optical fiber, where n≥1;

[0040] The output end of the i-th point-type voice acquisition module is connected to the input end of the i-th modulation driving composite circuit, and the output end of the i-th modulation driving composite circuit is connected to the input end of the i-th mechanical oscillator, where i = 1, 2, 3,..., n;

[0041] The signal transmitting and processing device includes a signal transmitting and collecting device and a signal analyzing device; the signal transmitting and collecting device is connected between one end of the optical fiber L1 and the input end of the signal analyzing device.

[0042] Next, the working principles of each component will be described in detail:

[0043] I. Point-type voice acquisition module

[0044] The point-type voice acquisition module is used to convert the captured voice signal into an electrical signal, and the waveform characteristics of the electrical signal can reflect the acoustic characteristics of the voice signal, including key acoustic characteristics such as voice content, volume, and pitch.

[0045] Specifically, the point-type voice acquisition module usually has a small volume and a clear acquisition position. The point-type voice acquisition module captures the voice signal, that is, the sound wave vibration, in a small area around it through its built-in microphone or other acoustic sensors. These sound wave vibrations contain rich information about the voice, such as key acoustic characteristics such as voice content, volume, and pitch. After the sound wave vibration is captured by the microphone, it is converted into an analog electrical signal through physical mechanisms such as electromagnetic induction, piezoelectric effect, or capacitance change.

[0046] The waveform characteristics of the analog electrical signal, such as the waveform shape, the strength variation of the amplitude, and the specific distribution of the frequency, directly and accurately reflect the corresponding acoustic characteristics of the original sound wave vibration. Specifically, the waveform shape of the analog electrical signal directly simulates the shape of the sound wave vibration, that is, the undulation and change pattern of the analog electrical signal are highly consistent with the time waveform of the voice signal, thus retaining the temporal characteristics and intonation changes of the voice content, facilitating the subsequent restoration of the voice content of the voice signal, including words, phrases, and sentences. The strength variation of the amplitude of the analog electrical signal directly corresponds to the strength variation of the sound wave vibration, that is, the volume of the voice signal; the larger the amplitude, the higher the volume; the smaller the amplitude, the lower the volume. The frequency distribution of the analog electrical signal reflects the proportion and distribution of different frequency components in the sound wave vibration, and these frequency components together constitute the pitch of the voice signal; the high-frequency components correspond to sharp sounds while the low-frequency components correspond to deep sounds.

[0047] Among them, the analog electrical signal is usually a current or voltage signal.

[0048] II. Modulation Driving Composite Circuit and Mechanical Oscillator

[0049] A mechanical oscillator refers to an object or system that can perform reciprocating motion near an equilibrium position. This form of motion usually follows the simple harmonic vibration law, that is, the magnitude of the force acting on the object is proportional to the distance it deviates from the equilibrium position, and the direction of the force is always towards the equilibrium position. Parameters such as the vibration frequency and amplitude of the mechanical oscillator can be precisely controlled, which makes it an important tool for studying vibration phenomena, signal processing, measurement, and other applications.

[0050] The modulation driving composite circuit is used to modulate the electrical signal converted by the point-type voice acquisition module into a driving signal that can drive the mechanical oscillator to generate a mechanical vibration wave (i.e., a vibration signal), and the vibration frequency or vibration amplitude of the mechanical vibration wave can reflect the waveform characteristics of the electrical signal converted by the point-type voice acquisition module. This is equivalent to the modulation driving composite circuit and the mechanical oscillator jointly performing vibration encoding on the electrical signal converted by the point-type voice acquisition module. Through vibration encoding, the voice signal captured by the point-type voice acquisition module is represented with a specific vibration characteristic (such as a specific vibration amplitude or a specific vibration frequency, etc.), so as to be identified and decoded by the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology subsequently, thereby restoring the voice signal captured by the point-type voice acquisition module.

[0051] For example, taking the case where the voice signal captured by the point-type voice acquisition module is represented with a specific vibration amplitude through vibration encoding, and using encoding 1 to represent strong vibration and encoding 0 to represent weak vibration as an example, see Figure 2The shown vibration amplitude time-space waterfall diagram, where the horizontal axis of the waterfall diagram is the optical fiber length position and the vertical axis is time. At a certain optical fiber length position point Lx, the modulation drive composite circuit and the mechanical oscillator jointly perform vibration encoding on the electrical signal converted by the point-type voice acquisition module, obtaining a string of vibration signals whose vibration amplitude changes over time as 0110011101. Then this string of vibration signals corresponds to a unique voice signal.

[0052] III. Optical fiber L1 and signal transmitting and processing device

[0053] The optical fiber L1 is laid in the area where voice signal acquisition is to be carried out and is led out to the receiving end of the voice signal, that is, the signal transmitting and processing device. n mechanical oscillators are arranged and fixed on the optical fiber L1 through jigs or other means.

[0054] The signal transmitting and processing device includes a signal transmitting and acquisition device and a signal analysis device. The signal transmitting and acquisition device is connected between one end of the optical fiber L1 and the input end of the signal analysis device, used to transmit an optical signal to the optical fiber L1, and collect the change of the optical signal in the optical fiber L1 caused by external vibration, and output it to the signal analysis device. The signal analysis device utilizes the distributed optical fiber vibration sensing principle (that is, by monitoring the change of the optical signal in the optical fiber caused by external vibration), realizes the real-time acquisition and positioning analysis of the vibration information along the optical fiber, and through the recognition and decoding processing of these vibration information, restores the voice signals captured by the point-type voice acquisition modules at different position points.

[0055] In summary, the distributed optical fiber communication system provided by the present application integrates a point-type voice acquisition module, a modulation drive composite circuit, a mechanical oscillator, and a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology. By setting point-type voice acquisition modules along the optical fiber, it can capture and transmit voice signals from different position points in real time and achieve one-way communication. This distributed layout effectively expands the monitoring range and ensures the comprehensiveness and accuracy of information. Using two such distributed optical fiber communication systems can achieve two-way communication. Moreover, because optical fiber sensing has the advantages of strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability and long transmission distance, the present application can provide stable and reliable communication services even in a signal-free or low-signal environment.

[0056] In a possible implementation, referring to Figure 3 , the signal transmitting and acquisition device in any of the above-provided distributed optical fiber communication systems specifically includes: a pulsed light source, an optical circulator, and a photodetector;

[0057] The line width of the optical signal emitted by the pulsed light source is lower than a preset value, and this kind of pulsed light source is generally called a narrow line width pulsed light source;

[0058] The optical circulator has Port 1, Port 2, and Port 3, where: The optical signal input from Port 1 is output from Port 2, and the optical signal input from Port 2 is output from Port 3;

[0059] The output end of the pulsed light source is connected to Port 1 of the optical circulator;

[0060] Port 2 of the optical circulator is connected to one end of optical fiber L1;

[0061] Port 3 of the optical circulator is connected to the input end of the optical detector;

[0062] The output end of the optical detector is connected to the input end of the signal analysis device.

[0063] Next, the Figure 3 working principle of the illustrated embodiment will be described in detail:

[0064] The pulsed light source is used to emit an excitation pulsed light (i.e., an optical signal), and this excitation pulsed light has a definite start time and end time, as well as specific spectral components. This excitation pulsed light enters Port 1 of the optical circulator.

[0065] The optical circulator is a multi-port optical device with non-reciprocal characteristics. The non-reciprocal characteristic means that it allows optical signals to be transmitted from one port to the next port in a specific order, but blocks the reverse transmission of optical signals. The optical circulator has N (N≥3) ports, which are sequentially defined as Port 1, Port 2, Port 3, ……, Port N in the direction of optical signal transmission. These N ports form a continuous channel. Specifically: When light is input from Port 1, the light is output from Port 2 with almost no loss, and there is almost no light output at other ports; when light is input from Port 2, the light is output from Port 3 with almost no loss, and there is almost no light output at other ports, and so on. The non-reciprocity of the optical circulator makes it an important device in two-way communication, and it can complete the task of separating forward and backward transmitted light.

[0066] The excitation pulsed light entering Port 1 of the optical circulator is output from Port 2 of the optical circulator, and then enters optical fiber L1 and is transmitted in optical fiber L1. The excitation pulsed light transmitted in optical fiber L1 continuously generates backward Rayleigh scattered light that propagates in the opposite direction to the excitation pulsed light due to the Rayleigh scattering effect. The so-called Rayleigh scattering effect mainly describes a scattering phenomenon that occurs when light propagates in a medium and encounters tiny particles or internal inhomogeneities of the medium (such as material defects, refractive index changes, etc.). A part of the scattered light will propagate in the opposite direction along optical fiber L1, which is called backward Rayleigh scattered light.

[0067] The linewidth of a pulsed light source is a parameter that describes the spectral width of the excitation pulsed light emitted by the pulsed light source. Specifically, it refers to the width between two frequencies in the spectrum when it reaches half of the peak height (sometimes the 1 / e height). The wider this width is, the wider its spectral width is, and the more dispersed the emitted light is in terms of frequency. A narrow linewidth means that the light waves emitted by the pulsed light source are very concentrated in frequency, that is, the spectral line is very narrow.

[0068] This characteristic of a narrow linewidth enables the light waves emitted by the pulsed light source to have extremely strong coherence. Coherence refers to the ability of two or more light waves to interfere with each other significantly when they meet in space. When the optical fiber L1 is subjected to external vibration, the local refractive index or length of the optical fiber L1 will change, which will affect the phase of the light when it propagates in the optical fiber L1. Due to the phase change caused by the vibration of the optical fiber L1, when the light propagates in the optical fiber L1 and undergoes backscattering Rayleigh scattering, there will be a phase difference between these backscattered Rayleigh scattered lights. Due to the high coherence of the narrow linewidth pulsed light source, when these backscattered Rayleigh scattered lights propagate and return in the optical fiber L1, a self-coherence effect will occur due to the phase difference caused by the vibration of the optical fiber L1.

[0069] After the optical signal with the optical power or phase change caused by the self-coherence effect is transmitted back to port 2 of the circulator, it is output from port 3 of the circulator and detected by the optical detector. The optical detector converts the detected optical signal into an electrical signal and outputs it to the signal analysis device. The change in the optical signal detected by the optical detector can sensitively and real-time reflect the characteristics such as the position, frequency, and intensity of the external vibration of the optical fiber L1. These characteristics have a unique corresponding relationship with the voice signals captured by the point-type voice acquisition modules at the corresponding position points, thus realizing the real-time transmission of voice signals from different position points. In particular, the phase of the strongly coherent backscattered Rayleigh scattered light shows extremely high sensitivity to the external vibration of the optical fiber L1, which means that even a tiny vibration can leave obvious traces in the optical signal through the self-coherence effect and be accurately captured by the optical detector.

[0070] In summary, due to its strong coherence, the narrow linewidth excitation pulsed light generates strongly coherent Rayleigh scattered light opposite to the excitation pulsed light through the Rayleigh scattering effect during propagation. When these strongly coherent backscattered Rayleigh scattered lights propagate and return in the optical fiber L1, obvious phase differences will occur due to the vibration of the optical fiber L1, and then significant self-coherence effects will occur. The self-cohered signal can accurately reflect the characteristics such as the position, frequency, and intensity of the vibration. These characteristics can accurately reflect the voice signals captured by the point-type voice acquisition modules at the corresponding position points along the optical fiber, thus realizing the real-time transmission of voice signals from different position points along the optical fiber and completing the one-way communication from the point-type voice acquisition module to the signal analysis device.

[0071] Based on the previous embodiment, seeFigure 4 The signal transmitting and collecting device further includes: an optical splitter; the above-mentioned optical detector is replaced with a balanced photodetector; the output end of the pulsed light source is connected to the input end of the optical splitter; the first output end of the optical splitter is connected to port 1 of the optical circulator, and the second output end of the optical splitter is connected to another input end of the balanced photodetector.

[0072] Specifically, after the excitation pulsed light emitted by the pulsed light source enters the optical splitter, the optical splitter uses its internal physical mechanisms (such as grating diffraction, fiber fusion tapering, etc.) to divide the excitation pulsed light into two paths. These two paths of excitation pulsed light are the same in intensity, spectral composition, and time, and maintain strict synchronization. The optical splitter outputs the two divided paths of excitation pulsed light to port 1 of the optical circulator and the balanced photodetector respectively.

[0073] The signal sent by the optical splitter to the balanced photodetector is called the intrinsic light (intrinsic light refers to the radiation characteristics inherent to the light source itself and not affected by external factors. The intrinsic light can be understood as a part of the original excitation pulsed light). The balanced photodetector is a special type of optical detector. A balanced circuit is added in front of the photoelectric converter of the balanced photodetector. After the balanced circuit processes the intrinsic light and the signal output from port 3 of the optical circulator, it is sent to the subsequent photoelectric converter, which can effectively cancel the stray light in the photosensitive element and the noise in the circuit, and greatly improve the signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity of the optical detector.

[0074] In a possible implementation, each of the mechanical oscillators in any of the above embodiments is independently powered and can be configured separately according to the required quantity and type. This means that the system can be flexibly expanded or reduced according to actual needs to adapt to different detection tasks and environmental conditions. In addition, the mechanical oscillator does not need to be bound to a specific distributed optical fiber communication system, which increases the versatility and flexibility of the system.

[0075] In a possible implementation, refer to Figure 5 Any of the above-provided embodiments can also achieve multi-channel expansion, that is, another distributed optical fiber communication system provided by the embodiments of the present application includes: an optical switch, a signal transmitting and processing device, m optical fibers L1 to Lm, at least one mechanical oscillator fixed on the jth optical fiber ( Figure 5 only n mechanical oscillators are fixed on each optical fiber for illustration, n≥1), a modulation drive composite circuit provided one-to-one with each mechanical oscillator, and a point-type voice acquisition module provided one-to-one with each modulation drive composite circuit; j = 1, 2, 3,..., m; m≥2;

[0076] The point-type voice acquisition module is used to convert the captured voice signal into an electrical signal, and the waveform characteristics of the electrical signal can reflect the acoustic characteristics of the voice signal;

[0077] The output end of each point - type voice acquisition module is connected to the input end of its corresponding modulation - driving composite circuit, and the output end of each modulation - driving composite circuit is connected to the input end of its corresponding mechanical oscillator; the modulation - driving composite circuit is used to modulate the electrical signal converted by the point - type voice acquisition module into a driving signal capable of driving the mechanical oscillator to generate a mechanical vibration wave, and the vibration frequency or vibration amplitude of the mechanical vibration wave can reflect the waveform characteristics of the electrical signal converted by the point - type voice acquisition module.

[0078] The signal transmitting and processing device includes a signal transmitting and collecting device and a signal analyzing device; the signal transmitting and collecting device is access - multiplexed to different optical fibers through the optical switch in a time - division multiplexing manner; the signal transmitting and collecting device is also connected to the signal analyzing device; the signal transmitting and collecting device is used to transmit an optical signal to the optical fiber and collect the change of the optical signal in the optical fiber caused by external vibration, and output it to the signal analyzing device.

[0079] Figure 5 The working principle of the illustrated embodiment is as follows: The optical switch can distribute optical signals to different optical fiber channels according to different time slices, thereby increasing the number and range of the distribution of mechanical oscillators (of course, the number and range of the distribution of point - type voice acquisition modules and modulation - driving composite circuits also increase accordingly), forming a more three - dimensional communication lattice.

[0080] Traditional optical fiber communication networks, with their large - capacity, long - distance, and high - reliability information transmission capabilities, have become an important infrastructure of communication networks and are widely used in multiple industries such as telecommunications, power, oil, and gas. With the continuous progress of technology, how to efficiently utilize traditional optical fiber communication networks and achieve the effective integration of communication and sensing functions has become the focus of industry attention. The proposal of optical fiber communication and sensing (usually referred to as "communication - sensing integration") technology is precisely to address this challenge. The optical fiber communication - sensing integration technology is based on the sharing of optical fiber cable resources. It can not only efficiently transmit communication data through optical fibers but also innovatively utilize the sensitive characteristics of optical fibers to the external environment to sense environmental changes in real - time (that is, to simultaneously implement the functions of data transmission and environmental sensing on the same optical fiber), thereby innovating and expanding the functions of traditional optical fiber communication networks.

[0081] Based on this, the optical fiber used in any embodiment provided in this application can be multiplexed with the optical fiber used in traditional communication to implement a communication backup mechanism based on optical fiber communication - sensing integration. When implementing the technology, it only needs to combine the signals of the optical communication device and the signals at the output end of the distributed optical fiber communication system in the same optical fiber through an optical multiplexer / demultiplexer. Of course, the optical wavelength adopted by the distributed optical fiber communication system needs to be different from the optical wavelength adopted by the optical communication device. The specific technical solution is as Figure 6As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present application provides an integrated optical fiber communication and sensing system, including: a first optical multiplexer / demultiplexer, a second optical multiplexer / demultiplexer, a first optical communication device, a second optical communication device, and a distributed optical fiber communication system provided in any of the above embodiments;

[0082] The first optical multiplexer / demultiplexer is connected to the first optical communication device, one end of the optical fiber in the distributed optical fiber communication system, and the signal transmitting and processing device in the distributed optical fiber communication system;

[0083] The second optical multiplexer / demultiplexer is connected to the second optical multiplexer / demultiplexer and the other end of the optical fiber.

[0084] Figure 6 The working principle of the illustrated embodiment is as follows:

[0085] The optical multiplexer / demultiplexer integrates an optical multiplexer and an optical demultiplexer, which are passive optical devices used in transmission modes such as wavelength division multiplexing.

[0086] Among them, the optical multiplexer has the function of combining (or merging) optical signals output by multiple transmitters with different wavelengths, and then inputting them into a single optical fiber for transmission. In this way, multiple optical signals can be transmitted simultaneously in the same optical fiber, greatly improving the transmission efficiency of the optical fiber.

[0087] The optical demultiplexer has the opposite function to the optical multiplexer. It is responsible for separating the multiple composite optical signals with different wavelengths transmitted from a single optical fiber according to different optical wavelengths and distributing them to different receivers. In this way, each receiver can receive the optical signal of its required wavelength.

[0088] By utilizing the characteristics of the optical multiplexer / demultiplexer, the first optical communication device and the second optical communication device in the traditional optical fiber communication network can communicate through the optical fiber; at the same time, the distributed optical fiber communication system can multiplex the same optical fiber for distributed optical fiber vibration sensing, and then realize one-way communication. The traditional optical fiber communication network and the distributed optical fiber communication system form an integrated whole by multiplexing the optical fiber, realizing a communication backup mechanism based on the integration of optical fiber communication and sensing.

[0089] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the embodiments of the present application. Therefore, the embodiments of the present application will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A distributed optical fiber communication system, characterized in that, Comprising: An optical fiber, a signal transmitting and processing device, n point-type voice acquisition modules, n modulation driving composite circuits, and n mechanical oscillators fixed on the optical fiber, where n≥1; The i-th point-type voice acquisition module is used to convert the captured voice signal into an electrical signal, and the waveform characteristics of the electrical signal can reflect the acoustic characteristics of the voice signal; i = 1, 2, 3, ……, n; The output end of the i-th point-type voice acquisition module is connected to the input end of the i-th modulation driving composite circuit, and the output end of the i-th modulation driving composite circuit is connected to the input end of the i-th mechanical oscillator; the modulation driving composite circuit is used to modulate the electrical signal converted by the point-type voice acquisition module into a driving signal capable of driving the mechanical oscillator to generate a mechanical vibration wave, and the frequency or amplitude of the mechanical vibration wave can reflect the waveform characteristics of the electrical signal converted by the point-type voice acquisition module; The signal transmitting and processing device includes a signal transmitting and acquisition device and a signal analysis device; the signal transmitting and acquisition device is connected between one end of the optical fiber and the input end of the signal analysis device, and is used to transmit an optical signal to the optical fiber and collect the change of the optical signal in the optical fiber caused by external vibration, and output it to the signal analysis device.

2. The distributed optical fiber communication system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal transmitting and acquisition device includes: a pulsed light source, an optical circulator, and a photodetector; The line width of the optical signal emitted by the pulsed light source is lower than a preset value; The optical circulator has ports 1, 2, and 3, where: the optical signal input from port 1 is output from port 2, and the optical signal input from port 2 is output from port 3; The output end of the pulsed light source is connected to port 1 of the optical circulator; Port 2 of the optical circulator is connected to one end of the optical fiber; Port 3 of the optical circulator is connected to the input end of the photodetector; The output end of the photodetector is connected to the input end of the signal analysis device.

3. The distributed optical fiber communication system according to claim 2, wherein The signal transmitting and acquisition device further includes: an optical splitter; The photodetector is replaced by a balanced photodetector; the output end of the pulsed light source is connected to the input end of the optical splitter; the first output end of the optical splitter is connected to port 1 of the optical circulator, and the second output end of the optical splitter is connected to another input end of the balanced photodetector.

4. The distributed optical fiber communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The electrical signal converted by the point-type voice acquisition module is a current or voltage signal.

5. The distributed optical fiber communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The mechanical oscillator is fixed on the optical fiber through a fixture.

6. The distributed optical fiber communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Each mechanical oscillator is independently powered.

7. A distributed optical fiber communication system, characterized in that, Comprising: An optical switch, a signal transmitting and processing device, m optical fibers, at least one mechanical oscillator fixed on the j-th optical fiber, a modulation driving composite circuit set one-to-one with each mechanical oscillator, and a point-type voice acquisition module set one-to-one with each modulation driving composite circuit; j = 1, 2, 3, ……, m; m≥2； The point-type voice acquisition module is used to convert the captured voice signal into an electrical signal, and the waveform characteristics of the electrical signal can reflect the acoustic characteristics of the voice signal; The output end of each point - type voice acquisition module is connected to the input end of its corresponding modulation - driving composite circuit, and the output end of each modulation - driving composite circuit is connected to the input end of its corresponding mechanical oscillator; the modulation - driving composite circuit is used to modulate the electrical signal converted by the point - type voice acquisition module into a driving signal capable of driving the mechanical oscillator to generate mechanical vibration waves, and the frequency or amplitude of the mechanical vibration waves can reflect the waveform characteristics of the electrical signal converted by the point - type voice acquisition module; The signal transmitting and processing device includes a signal transmitting and collecting device and a signal analyzing device; the signal transmitting and collecting device is access - multiplexed into different optical fibers through the optical switch in a time - division multiplexing manner; the signal transmitting and collecting device is also connected to the signal analyzing device; the signal transmitting and collecting device is used to transmit an optical signal to the optical fiber and collect the change in the optical signal caused by external vibration in the optical fiber, and output it to the signal analyzing device.

8. An integrated optical fiber communication and sensing system, characterized in that, Comprising: A first optical multiplexer / demultiplexer, a second optical multiplexer / demultiplexer, a first optical communication device, a second optical communication device, and the distributed optical fiber communication system according to any one of claims 1 to 7; The first optical multiplexer / demultiplexer is connected to the first optical communication device, one end of the optical fiber in the distributed optical fiber communication system, and the signal transmitting and processing device in the distributed optical fiber communication system; The second optical multiplexer / demultiplexer is connected to the second optical multiplexer / demultiplexer and the other end of the optical fiber.

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