Magnetic type card-carrying mobile phone support
Through the design of the magnetic card-carrying mobile phone holder, the existing mobile phone case has been solved, and the existing mobile phone case is provided with comfortable grip and rich functions is provided. It supports multi-angle support and card management, prevents NFC from accidentally touching, and integrates the makeup mirror function.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422245787.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-13
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-01
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-13
AI Technical Summary
The existing phone case with a stand is thicker, sacrificing the grip experience and unable to integrate other features.
A magnetic card carrying mobile phone holder is designed. The support page and fixed page connected by hinges can be flipped and hovered to form a mobile phone holder structure with adjustable angles. It integrates the card carrying bag, shielding layer, mirror layer and NFC interactive functions, and uses the magnetic adsorption layer to ensure a stable fit.
It realizes a comfortable and functional mobile phone stand, frees hands, supports vertical or horizontal tilt of the phone, prevents NFC from accidentally touching, integrates makeup mirror function, and is easy to manage cards.
Smart Images

Figure CN223182173U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of mobile phone holders, in particular to a magnetic card-carrying mobile phone holder. Background Art
[0002] In today's society, mobile devices such as smart phones have become necessities in people's daily lives. In addition to buying mobile phone cases to protect the phones, in order to hold the phones more conveniently, users usually buy a finger ring holder and stick it on the back of the phone case. The finger ring holder can also be used as a mobile phone holder to support the hand.
[0003] For the existing mobile phone cases with holders, due to the presence of the holder structure, the mobile phone cases are relatively thick, sacrificing the holding experience. Moreover, after the existing mobile phone cases are provided with the holder structure, they cannot be provided with other functions, which does not meet the needs of daily use. Content of the Utility Model
[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the utility model provides a magnetic card-carrying mobile phone holder, which has the advantages of good holding feel and more integrated functions, and effectively solves the problems existing in the prior art.
[0005] The purpose of the utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0006] A magnetic card-carrying mobile phone holder includes a holder body. The holder body is provided with a support page and a fixing page, and the tops of the two are connected by a hinge. The fixing page can be adsorbed on the back of the mobile phone to form a stable connection. The support page can be flipped to move away from the fixing page and hover, and forms an eaves structure with the fixing page that can support the mobile phone to stand obliquely on the horizontal plane, achieving the effect of a mobile phone holder, enabling the mobile phone to be longitudinally or horizontally inclined on the horizontal plane, liberating the user's hands, and the inclination angle is adjustable, facilitating the user to find the most comfortable viewing angle to watch the mobile phone. The holder body is also provided with a covering surface and a card-carrying bag for placing cards. The covering surface makes the holder body feel better when being held and does not damage the back cover of the mobile phone when fitting with the back of the mobile phone. A shielding layer is provided on the holder body to shield the mobile phone from identifying the cards in the card-carrying bag, preventing the mobile phone from accidentally touching the cards with NFC function during carrying and affecting the experience. The card-carrying bag and the shielding layer are arranged on the support page. The fixing page is provided with an adsorption layer for providing an adsorption effect to the fixing page and an indication layer for facilitating calibration. The user can quickly identify the accurate fitting method of the holder body according to the indication layer and can quickly place the fixing page on the back cover of the mobile phone. A mirror layer is also provided on the fixing page, which is convenient for female users without the need to carry a dressing mirror. A dialing mechanism for separating the card from the card-carrying bag is also provided on the support page, facilitating the user to take out the card from the card-carrying bag.
[0007] In one embodiment, the support page and the fixed page are connected by an arbitrary stop hinge page, enabling the support page to hover at any angle within the maximum angle at which the arbitrary stop hinge page can open, and the force required to change the angle of the arbitrary stop hinge page is greater than the pressure exerted by the mobile phone on the bracket body. Only the user's palm can adjust the angle formed by the support page and the fixed page to ensure the stability of the support effect. Substrates are provided inside both the support page and the fixed page to provide stable support force. The arbitrary stop hinge page is connected to the upper end of the substrate, and the covering surface is arranged on the outer side of the arbitrary stop hinge page and the substrate. The covering surface is soft and tough in texture.
[0008] In one embodiment, a connecting corner for covering the hinge of the arbitrary stop hinge page is provided in the middle of the covering surface. The arbitrary stop hinge page is made of metal, and the hinge can be isolated from the outside through the connecting corner to prevent scratching of people or objects such as mobile phones. The connecting corner can change in height according to the opening and closing angle of the support page and the fixed page, that is, the connecting corner and the hinge are only in contact relationship. The covering surface and the connecting corner are made of the same material and are integrally formed, and both materials are silica gel, which has good drop resistance, excellent anti-slip performance, is environmentally friendly and non-toxic, and is easy to clean.
[0009] In one embodiment, a slot for accommodating an adsorption layer is provided on the covering surface of the fixed page. The depth of the slot is the same as the thickness of the covering surface to accommodate magnet blocks of the same thickness to increase the adsorption performance. The adsorption layer is provided with a suction ring magnetic area and a positioning magnetic area. The suction ring magnetic area is a magnetic ring composed of a plurality of magnets, which can adsorb the NFC coil area in the mobile phone. The positioning magnetic area is a rectangular magnetic column composed of a plurality of magnets, which can adsorb the alignment piece provided on the back plate of the mobile phone. The two magnetic adsorption areas ensure the accuracy of adsorption. The indicating layer covers the suction ring magnetic area and the positioning magnetic area to facilitate the user to know the location of the adsorption area.
[0010] In one embodiment, a mirror layer is arranged on the inner side of the fixed page. The mirror layer can be used by flipping up the support page. When the support page covers the fixed page, the mirror layer can be completely covered. The hinge piece one of the arbitrary stop hinge page is clamped between the mirror layer and the substrate to improve stability. A convex ring is provided on the outer periphery of the side of the covering surface close to the mirror layer, and the height of the convex ring is higher than that of the mirror layer to prevent cutting hands.
[0011] In one embodiment, the card-carrying bag has an elastic piece, which is elastic and can fit the card to prevent the card from falling off. Three sides of the elastic piece are attached to the covering surface of the fixed page, and the un-attached side forms an entrance for the card to enter. A gap is provided between the elastic piece and the covering surface, and this gap is the space for accommodating the card. A shielding layer is arranged on the inner side of the support page, and the hinge piece two of the arbitrary stop hinge page is clamped between the shielding layer and the substrate.
[0012] In one embodiment, the extraction mechanism is a finger chute penetrating the substrate provided on the support page. The side wall of the finger chute is covered with a wrapping bread to prevent cutting hands. An opening for exposing the finger chute is provided on the shielding layer to facilitate card removal.
[0013] In one embodiment, an interactive NFC coil is further provided at the lower end of the suction coil magnetic region. The interactive NFC coil can perform wireless communication with the mobile phone NFC region to enable the mobile phone to identify the bracket body. A thin film for isolating from the suction coil magnetic region is provided on the upper surface of the interactive NFC coil. The thin film is made of PET material. The interactive NFC coil is attached to the substrate.
[0014] Beneficial effects
[0015] The mobile phone is attached to the bracket by magnetic attraction, eliminating the need for a phone case. An arbitrary stop hinge is provided to enable the bracket body to have a supporting effect. Without external force, the angle between the support page and the fixed page cannot be changed by the weight of the mobile phone itself, allowing the bracket body to support the mobile phone vertically or horizontally obliquely on a horizontal plane, freeing the user's hands. Moreover, the angle between the support page and the fixed page can be adjusted according to actual needs, facilitating the user to find the best viewing angle of the mobile phone. To prevent piracy, an NFC coil that can communicate with the mobile phone NCF coil region is also provided below the adsorption layer. When the bracket body is correctly installed, the mobile phone can sense the attachment of the bracket body, and a prompt will pop up on the mobile phone screen. To further enrich the functionality of the bracket body, a card-carrying bag for placing bank cards is provided on the outer side of the fixed page, and a mirror layer is provided on the inner wall of the support page. It has the advantages of simple and quick installation, good mobile phone support effect, comfortable holding feel, rich functions, and the ability to identify authenticity. Description of the drawings
[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other related drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.
[0017] Figure 1 One of the usage state diagrams of the present invention;
[0018] Figure 2 Another usage state diagram of the present invention;
[0019] Figure 3 A third usage state diagram of the present invention;
[0020] Figure 4 One of the structural schematic diagrams of the bracket body of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 5This is the second schematic diagram of the bracket body structure of the present utility model;
[0022] Figure 6 This is the third exploded view of the bracket body structure of the present utility model;
[0023] Figure 7 This is the second exploded view of the bracket body structure of the present utility model;
[0024] Figure 8 This is the third exploded view of the bracket body structure of the present utility model;
[0025] Figure 9 This is the third schematic diagram of the bracket body structure of the present utility model;
[0026] Figure 10 For the present utility model Figure 9 Enlarged view of location A;
[0027] Figure 11 This is the fourth schematic diagram of the bracket body structure of the present utility model;
[0028] Figure 12 This is the fourth exploded view of the bracket body structure of the present utility model.
[0029] In the figure: bracket body 1, support page 2, fixed page 3, covering surface 4, card-carrying pocket 5, shielding layer 6, adsorption layer 7, indicating layer 8, mirror layer 9, arbitrary-stop hinge 10, substrate 11, connecting angle 12, slot 13, suction coil magnetic area 14, positioning magnetic area 15, first hinge piece 16, convex ring 17, elastic piece 18, second hinge piece 19, finger chute 20, NFC coil 21. Detailed implementation manners
[0030] In the following text, only some exemplary embodiments are simply described. As those skilled in the art can recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the present utility model. Therefore, the drawings and descriptions are considered to be exemplary in nature rather than restrictive.
[0031] In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation to the present utility model.
[0032] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of this utility model, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.
[0033] In this utility model, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0034] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0035] Example
[0036] like Figures 1 to 12 , a magnetic card-carrying mobile phone holder, comprising a holder body 1, the holder body 1 can be quickly connected to the back of the mobile phone, the holder body 1 is provided with a supporting page 2 and a fixing page 3, the fixing page 3 can be adsorbed on the back of the mobile phone and is not easy to fall off, the supporting page 2 can be flipped to make it away from the fixing page 3 and hover, and form an eaves structure with the fixing page 3 adsorbed on the back of the mobile phone that can support the mobile phone to stand obliquely on a horizontal plane. When in use, the user can manually move the supporting page 2 to change the angle of the supporting page 2 and the fixing page 3, and when the holder body 1 supports the mobile phone, the weight of the mobile phone is not enough to change the angle of the supporting page 2 and the fixing page 3, so that the holder body cannot be deformed when only the mobile phone applies pressure to it, meeting the support requirements, the holder body 1 is also provided with a covering surface 4 and A card carrying pocket 5 for placing cards; when it is necessary to place a bank card or credit card, it can be easily placed by simply aligning it. The bracket body 1 is also provided with a shielding layer 6 for shielding the mobile phone from identifying the card in the card carrying pocket 5 to prevent accidental touching of the NFC function of the mobile phone. The card carrying pocket 5 and the shielding layer 6 are arranged on the supporting page 2, which is a page for the user to adjust the angle. The fixed page 3 is provided with an adsorption layer 7 that provides an adsorption effect for the fixed page 3 and an indicator layer 8 that facilitates calibration. When in use, the user follows the prompts of the indicator layer and fits the fixed page 3 to the back panel of the mobile phone in the correct direction. The fixed page 3 is also provided with a mirror layer 9. The supporting page 2 is also provided with a pull-out mechanism for separating the card from the card carrying pocket 5. When you want to take out the bank card, put your finger into the pull-out mechanism to push the bank card out.
[0037] Preferably, the supporting page 2 and the fixed page 3 are connected by an arbitrary stop hinge 10, and a base plate 11 is provided inside the supporting page 2 and the fixed page 3. The arbitrary stop hinge 10 is connected to the upper end of the base plate 11, and the covering surface 4 is arranged on the outer side of the arbitrary stop hinge 10 and the base plate 11. The covering surface 4 is soft and tough.
[0038] By adopting the above technical solution, the force required for flipping any stop hinge 10 should be greater than the pressure exerted on any stop hinge 10 when the mobile phone is in a tilted state, so as to ensure that the bracket body 1 does not deform when supporting the mobile phone. The substrate 11 is connected to the any stop hinge 10 by rivets, and the opening and closing angle of the any stop hinge 10 is adjusted by moving the substrate 11. The substrate 11 serves as a supporting foot when the bracket body 1 is activated, and the covering surface provides the bracket body 1 with a good grip feel and covers other structures, making the outer surface of the bracket body 1 smooth and tidy.
[0039] Preferably, a connecting corner 12 for covering the hinge of the stop hinge 10 is provided in the middle of the covering surface 4. The connecting corner 12 can change in height according to the opening and closing angles of the supporting page 2 and the fixed page 3. The covering surface 4 and the connecting corner 12 are made of the same material and are integrally formed. Both are made of silicone.
[0040] By adopting the above technical solution, when the support frame body 1 is closed, the connection angle 12 changes to an increased height and a smaller spacing. When the support frame body 1 is opened, the connection angle 12 changes to a decreased height and an increased spacing. Regardless of any flipping of the support frame body 1 during normal use, the connection angle 12 can cover the hinge of any stop hinge 10 to prevent it from being exposed.
[0041] Preferably, the covering surface 4 on the fixed page 3 is provided with a groove 13 for accommodating the adsorption layer 7, the depth of the groove 13 is the same as the thickness of the covering surface 4, the adsorption layer 7 is provided with a suction ring magnetic area 14 and a positioning magnetic area 15, the suction ring magnetic area 14 is a magnetic ring composed of a plurality of magnets, which can adsorb the NFC coil area in the mobile phone, the positioning magnetic area 15 is a rectangular magnetic column composed of a plurality of magnets, which can adsorb the calibration plate provided on the back panel of the mobile phone, and the indication layer 8 covers the suction ring magnetic area 14 and the positioning magnetic area 15.
[0042] By adopting the above technical solution, during installation, first paste the indicating layer 8 on the suction coil magnetic region 14 and the positioning magnetic region 15. Connect the suction coil magnetic region 14 and the positioning magnetic region 15 through the indicating layer 8. At this time, the indicating layer 8 can be moved together with the suction coil magnetic region 14 and the positioning magnetic region 15 into the slot 13. To ensure that the suction coil magnetic region 14 and the positioning magnetic region 15 are firmly placed in the slot 13, glue is provided at the bottoms of both, and they are attached to the bottom of the slot 13 through the glue. During use, the alignment piece can assist the customer in identifying the orientation of the bracket body 1. The user only needs to face one side of the alignment piece towards the mobile phone, place one end of the positioning magnetic region 15 downward, and attach it to the back cover of the mobile phone. The suction coil magnetic region 14 and the positioning magnetic region 15 will automatically adsorb on the NFC coil region and the positioning region provided on the back cover of the mobile phone.
[0043] Preferably, the mirror layer 9 is arranged on the inner side of the fixed page 3. When the support page 2 covers the fixed page 3, the mirror layer 9 can be completely shielded. The hinge piece one 16 of the any-stop hinge page 10 is clamped between the mirror layer 9 and the substrate 11. A convex ring 17 is provided on the outer periphery of the side of the covering surface 4 close to the mirror layer 9, and the height of the convex ring 17 is higher than that of the mirror layer 9.
[0044] By adopting the above technical solution, when the mirror layer 9 needs to be used, insert the finger between the support page 2 and the fixed page 3, then the two can be opened. When they are completely opened, the mirror layer 9 can be exposed. A convex ring 17 is provided on the outer periphery of the side of the covering surface 4 close to the mirror layer 9, which can completely wrap the side wall of the mirror layer 9 to prevent cutting the hand.
[0045] Preferably, the card-carrying bag 5 has an elastic piece 18. Three sides of the elastic piece 18 are attached to the covering surface 4 of the fixed page 3, and the un-attached side forms an entrance for the card to enter. A gap is provided between the elastic piece 18 and the covering surface 4. The shielding layer 6 is arranged on the inner side of the support page 2. The hinge piece two 19 of the any-stop hinge page 10 is clamped between the shielding layer 6 and the substrate 11.
[0046] By adopting the above technical solution, the elastic piece 18 has a certain deformation effect and a gap is provided between the elastic piece 18 and the covering surface 4, so that the card-carrying bag 5 can hold more cards, such as business cards, credit cards, bank cards, etc. After the bracket body 1 is attached to the back cover of the mobile phone, the shielding layer 6 can prevent the mobile phone NFC area from identifying bank cards and credit cards.
[0047] Preferably, the dialing mechanism is a finger chute 20 penetrating through the substrate 11 provided on the support page 2. The side wall of the finger chute 20 is covered by the covering surface 4. An opening for exposing the finger chute 20 is provided on the shielding layer 6.
[0048] By adopting the above technical solution, when it is necessary to take out a card from the card carrying bag 5, it can be directly pulled out from the card entrance of the card carrying bag 5. If it is difficult to take out the card, the finger can be placed between the supporting page 2 and the fixed page 3 to stretch the two apart. When the two are fully opened, the slide groove 20 is exposed, and the finger is placed to fit the card. The card is pushed out of the card carrying bag 5 through the friction between the fingertip and the card.
[0049] Preferably, an interactive NFC coil 21 is further provided at the lower end of the suction ring magnetic area 14 . The upper surface of the interactive NFC coil 21 is provided with a thin film sheet for isolating from the suction ring magnetic area 14 . The material is PET and the thickness does not exceed 1 mm. The interactive NFC coil 21 is attached to the substrate 11 .
[0050] By adopting the above technical solution, when the bracket body 1 is completely attached to the mobile phone, the NFC area of the mobile phone can wirelessly communicate with the interactive NFC coil 21 to identify the authenticity of the mobile phone bracket body 1 and play the animation.
[0051] Working principle: When the bracket body 1 is in contact with the back of the mobile phone, the NFC area of the mobile phone can recognize the interactive NFC coil 21. The NFC area of the mobile phone can communicate wirelessly with the interactive NFC coil 21 to identify the authenticity of the mobile phone bracket body 1 and play animation. When you need to support the mobile phone, place your finger between the supporting page 2 and the fixed page 3 to open the supporting page 2 and the fixed page 3 to form an eaves structure that can support the mobile phone to stand obliquely on a horizontal plane. The mobile phone can be tilted and supported on a horizontal plane vertically or horizontally. When you need to store a card, you can place the card in the card carrying pocket 5. When taking it out, place your finger in the finger slide 20 to swipe out the card. The bracket body 1 is opened to expose the mirror layer 9, which can be used as a makeup mirror.
[0052] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementations of the present invention. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model patent. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present utility model patent shall be determined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A magnetic card-carrying mobile phone holder, comprising a holder body (1), characterized in that, The bracket body (1) is provided with a support page (2) and a fixing page (3). The fixing page (3) can be adsorbed on the back of the mobile phone. The support page (2) can be flipped to move away from the fixing page (3) and hover, and form an eaves structure with the fixing page (3) to support the mobile phone to stand obliquely on the horizontal plane. The bracket body (1) is also provided with a covering surface (4) and a card-carrying bag (5) for placing cards; and a shielding layer (6) for shielding the mobile phone from identifying the cards in the card-carrying bag (5). The card-carrying bag (5) and the shielding layer (6) are arranged on the support page (2). The fixing page (3) is provided with an adsorption layer (7) for providing an adsorption effect for the fixing page (3) and an indication layer (8) for facilitating calibration. The fixing page (3) is also provided with a mirror layer (9). The support page (2) is also provided with a dialing mechanism for separating the card from the card-carrying bag (5).
2. The magnetic card-carrying mobile phone holder according to claim 1, wherein The support page (2) and the fixing page (3) are connected by a self-locking hinge (10). Substrates (11) are arranged inside both the support page (2) and the fixing page (3). The self-locking hinge (10) is connected to the upper end of the substrate (11). The covering surface (4) is arranged on the outer side of the self-locking hinge (10) and the substrate (11). The covering surface (4) is soft and tough in texture.
3. The magnetic card-carrying mobile phone holder according to claim 2, characterized in that, A connecting corner (12) for covering the hinge of the self-locking hinge (10) is arranged in the middle of the covering surface (4). The height of the connecting corner (12) can change according to the opening and closing angle between the support page (2) and the fixing page (3). The covering surface (4) and the connecting corner (12) are made of the same material and are integrally formed. The materials of both are silicone.
4. The magnetic card-carrying mobile phone holder according to claim 3, characterized in that, The covering surface (4) on the fixing page (3) is provided with a slot (13) for accommodating the adsorption layer (7). The depth of the slot (13) is the same as the thickness of the covering surface (4). The adsorption layer (7) is provided with a suction ring magnetic region (14) and a positioning magnetic region (15). The suction ring magnetic region (14) is a magnetic ring composed of a plurality of magnets and can adsorb the NFC coil region in the mobile phone. The positioning magnetic region (15) is a rectangular magnetic column composed of a plurality of magnets and can adsorb the alignment piece provided on the back plate of the mobile phone. The indication layer (8) covers the suction ring magnetic region (14) and the positioning magnetic region (15).
5. A magnetic card-carrying mobile phone holder according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mirror layer (9) is arranged on the inner side of the fixing page (3). When the support page (2) covers the fixing page (3), the mirror layer (9) can be completely shielded. The hinge piece one (16) of the self-locking hinge (10) is clamped between the mirror layer (9) and the substrate (11). A convex ring (17) is arranged on the outer periphery of the side of the covering surface (4) close to the mirror layer (9). The height of the convex ring (17) is higher than that of the mirror layer (9).
6. The magnetic card-carrying mobile phone holder according to claim 5, characterized in that, The card-carrying pocket (5) has an elastic sheet (18). Three sides of the elastic sheet (18) are attached to the covering surface (4) of the fixed page (3), and the un-attached side forms an entrance for the card to enter. There is a gap between the elastic sheet (18) and the covering surface (4). The shielding layer (6) is arranged on the inner side of the support page (2). The hinge piece two (19) of the arbitrary stop hinge page (10) is clamped between the shielding layer (6) and the substrate (11).
7. The magnetic card-carrying mobile phone holder according to claim 6, wherein The extraction mechanism is a finger chute (20) passing through the substrate (11) provided on the support page (2). The side wall of the finger chute (20) is covered by the covering surface (4). There is an opening on the shielding layer (6) for exposing the finger chute (20).
8. The magnetic card-carrying mobile phone holder according to claim 7, wherein, The lower end of the suction loop magnetic region (14) is further provided with an interactive NFC coil (21). A thin film for isolating from the suction loop magnetic region (14) is provided on the upper surface of the interactive NFC coil (21). The interactive NFC coil (21) is attached to the substrate (11).