Valley type dangerous rock falling prevention and treatment system
By setting up structures such as sluice ditches, active protection nets, plain mixed connections and stone blocking walls in the valley, combined with stress, strain and water monitoring, the problem of preventing and controlling rolling dangerous rocks in the valley is solved, and efficient and economical prevention and control effects are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422296846.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-05
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-09-20
AI Technical Summary
The existing technology is difficult to effectively prevent and control rolling dangerous rockfalls in valleys, especially multi-layer dangerous rockfalls in granite areas. The prevention and control methods are single and costly, and cannot meet the stability needs.
A trench-type rock-fall prevention and control system is designed, including upstream control modules, midstream control modules and downstream control modules. It adopts structures such as gutters, active protection nets, plain-mixed connectors, bottom drainage ditches and stone blocking walls, and combines stress, strain and water monitoring to achieve reinforcement and monitoring of dangerous rocks in different parts.
Comprehensive prevention and control of hazardous rocks in the valley under cost control conditions has been achieved, the prevention and control costs have been reduced, the safety and operability of the prevention and control effect have been improved, and the safety of the prevention and control effect has been improved through multimodal data monitoring.
Smart Images
Figure CN223189606U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of dangerous rock protection, in particular to a gully-type dangerous rockfall prevention and control system. Background Art
[0002] As one of the three major geological hazards affecting mountain railway projects, rockfalls are no less detrimental than landslides and debris flows. They are characterized by diverse damage modes, random damage patterns, and complex destruction mechanisms. Even a small rockfall can be fatal to a high-speed railway or highway. Mountain railways such as the Chengdu-Kunming, Baoji-Chengdu, Chengdu-Chongqing, Yiwu-Wanzhou, and Xiangyang-Chongqing lines have all experienced accidents due to rockfalls, making them a significant threat to railway safety.
[0003] Based on their movement patterns, dangerous rockfalls can be categorized as toppling, slumping, falling, and rolling. Rolling rockfalls are particularly common in granite gullies. Due to the differential weathering of granite, the denuded gully areas, slopes greater than 20°, and severe weathering and exfoliation, erosion is severe, and the entire weathered layer is susceptible to erosion and exfoliation, leading to multi-stage overland flows. Under the influence of factors such as overland flow, erosion, and disturbance from excavation and blasting, the supporting structures (sand, gravel, etc.) beneath the boulders gradually break down and decompose, or slide under the influence of rainwater. Under static limit equilibrium conditions, even the slightest shift can cause the boulders to become unstable, rapidly rolling downhill along with the slope soil or gravel, accumulating at the toe of the slope, on gentle slope platforms, and in the gullies. The slopes on both sides of the gully are prone to dangerous rockfalls, and the multi-layered granite boulders in the gullies are highly susceptible to rolling failure, posing an extremely dangerous risk.
[0004] At present, domestic research on the basic theory and engineering application of rockfall disaster prevention and control is still weak. The principle of thorough remediation and leaving no future problems is generally followed. Common methods include manual removal, support reinforcement such as retaining walls, anchors, and active nets, barrier projects such as stone walls or stone nets, and shielding projects such as sheds or open tunnels. For rolling rockfalls, the general approach is to completely remove them. This method is single, expensive, and difficult to operate. This is especially true for multi-layered granite boulders, which require a huge amount of work to remove and are not feasible. Partial removal, however, cannot ensure stability and can lead to endless problems. Therefore, existing technologies are unlikely to meet the needs of preventing and controlling rolling rockfalls in gullies, and research on corresponding prevention and control measures is urgently needed. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to solve the shortcomings of the existing technology and propose a valley-type dangerous rockfall prevention system, which reinforces, diverts and monitors dangerous rocks located at the upper, middle and downstream slopes in the valley, so as to meet the demand for prevention and control of rolling dangerous rockfalls developed in the valley under cost-controlled conditions, and has a simple structure and is easy to implement.
[0006] The utility model discloses a gully-type dangerous rockfall prevention system, comprising an upstream prevention module, a midstream prevention module and a downstream prevention module;
[0007] The upstream prevention and control module is deployed upstream of the valley and includes a diversion ditch and an active protection net. The diversion ditch is located upstream of the upstream dangerous rock and diverts water flow from upstream to midstream to prevent water from eroding the upstream dangerous rock. The active protection net is deployed downstream of the upstream dangerous rock and provides lateral support and protection for the upstream dangerous rock.
[0008] The midstream prevention and control module is deployed in the midstream of the valley. It includes a plain concrete connector and a bottom drainage ditch. The plain concrete connector is cast and fixed in the gaps between the midstream dangerous rocks to reinforce the rock mass. The bottom drainage ditch is opened on the ground below the midstream dangerous rocks to connect the upstream and downstream of the valley to prevent water from eroding the midstream dangerous rocks.
[0009] The downstream prevention and control module is arranged downstream of the valley, and the downstream prevention and control module includes a stone retaining wall; the side wall of the stone retaining wall laterally supports the downstream dangerous rocks, and a plurality of drainage holes are opened on the stone retaining wall.
[0010] Preferably, a plurality of stress monitors are arranged on the active protection net of the upstream prevention and control module, and the stress monitors monitor the stress state of the active protection net in real time.
[0011] Preferably, the midstream prevention and control module further includes a strain monitor, which is arranged on the midstream dangerous rock to monitor the strain state of the midstream dangerous rock in real time.
[0012] Preferably, in the downstream prevention and control module, water flow monitoring meters are arranged inside the drainage holes of the stone retaining wall, and the water flow monitoring meters monitor the overall water flow in the valley in real time.
[0013] The advantages and technical effects of the utility model are:
[0014] The utility model provides a gully-type dangerous rockfall prevention and control system, which protects upstream dangerous rocks, reinforces midstream dangerous rocks, and intercepts downstream dangerous rocks by separately setting up upstream prevention and control modules, thereby realizing comprehensive prevention and control of gully-type dangerous rockfalls, and diverts upstream water through intercepting ditches and midstream water through bottom drainage ditches to avoid water scouring of dangerous rocks, thereby greatly reducing construction costs, lowering costs, and having operability.
[0015] The utility model provides a gully-type dangerous rockfall prevention system, which is equipped with three different monitoring devices for dangerous rocks in three different locations, realizing multimodal data monitoring of stress, strain and water volume, and significantly improving the safety of the prevention and control effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the utility model;
[0017] In the figure: 1-upstream prevention and control module; 2-midstream prevention and control module; 3-downstream prevention and control module; 4-active protection net; 5-intercepting ditch; 6-simple mixed connector; 7-bottom drainage ditch; 8-stone retaining wall; 9-water volume monitoring meter; 10-valley; 11-water flow direction; 12-stress monitor; 13-strain monitor; 14-drainage hole; 15-midstream dangerous rock; 16-upstream dangerous rock; 17-downstream dangerous rock. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0018] The following describes in detail embodiments of the utility model. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended only to explain the utility model and are not to be construed as limiting the utility model.
[0019] The utility model discloses a gully type dangerous rockfall prevention system, comprising an upstream prevention module 1, a midstream prevention module 2 and a downstream prevention module 3;
[0020] The upstream prevention and control module is arranged upstream of the valley 10 and includes a cut-off ditch 5 and an active protection net 4. The cut-off ditch is opened on the upstream side of the upstream dangerous rock 16 and diverts the water flow from the upstream to the midstream to prevent the water flow from eroding the upstream dangerous rock. The active protection net is arranged on the downstream side of the upstream dangerous rock and provides lateral support and protection for the upstream dangerous rock.
[0021] The midstream prevention and control module is arranged in the midstream of the valley. The midstream prevention and control module includes a plain concrete connector 6 and a bottom drainage ditch 7. The plain concrete connector is cast and fixed in the gaps between the midstream dangerous rocks 15 to reinforce the rock mass. The bottom drainage ditch is opened on the ground below the midstream dangerous rocks to connect the upstream and downstream of the valley to prevent water from eroding the midstream dangerous rocks.
[0022] The downstream prevention and control module is arranged downstream of the valley and includes a rock retaining wall 8 ; the sidewalls of the rock retaining wall laterally support the downstream dangerous rocks 17 , and a plurality of drainage holes 14 are opened on the rock retaining wall.
[0023] Preferably, a plurality of stress monitors 12 are arranged on the active protection net of the upstream prevention and control module, and the stress monitors monitor the stress state of the active protection net in real time.
[0024] Preferably, the midstream prevention and control module further includes a strain monitor 13, which is arranged on the midstream dangerous rock to monitor the strain state of the midstream dangerous rock in real time.
[0025] Preferably, in the downstream prevention and control module, water flow monitoring meters 9 are arranged inside the drainage holes of the stone retaining wall, and the water flow monitoring meters monitor the overall water flow in the valley in real time.
[0026] In order to more clearly describe the specific implementation of the present invention, an embodiment is provided below:
[0027] The utility model is a gully type dangerous rockfall prevention system, which is suitable for preventing dangerous rocks in the following environments:
[0028] Dangerous rocks are distributed throughout the valley, with the upper reaches having the highest elevation, the middle reaches having the second highest elevation, and the lower reaches having the lowest elevation. The water flow direction is from upstream to downstream. The upper reaches of the dangerous rocks are located at a steeper slope, and if they fall, they will have greater kinetic energy. The slope is generally 40-60°. The middle reaches of the dangerous rocks are distributed at the bottom of the valley, stacked in multiple layers, with no adhesion between them. The lower reaches of the dangerous rocks are smaller and accumulated at the foot of the slope, with no adhesion between them.
[0029] The upstream prevention module includes an active protection net, a diversion ditch, and a stress monitor. Its purpose is to protect the upstream dangerous rock and keep it stable. The diversion ditch diverts the upstream water flow to the midstream to prevent the water flow from eroding the upstream dangerous rock and its foundation for a long time. The active protection net is supported on the outside of the upstream dangerous rock and uses the stress monitor to monitor the stress of the upstream dangerous rock in real time.
[0030] The active protection net has an energy level of 1000kJ-2000kJ, ensuring full coverage of the upstream dangerous rock surface. Stress monitors with alarm functions are installed every 5 meters on the active protection net to continuously monitor the stress status of the active protection net. If the upstream dangerous rock loosens and the active protection net is stressed, the stress monitor will alarm. A drainage ditch is installed 5-10 meters outside the active protection net to prevent rainwater from seeping into the upstream ditch walls and causing the upstream dangerous rock to loosen.
[0031] The midstream prevention and control module includes a simple mixed connector between spherical dangerous rocks, a bottom drainage ditch, and a strain monitor. Its purpose is to strengthen the dangerous rocks in the midstream and keep them in a stable state.
[0032] A drainage ditch 1-2m wide and 0.5-1m deep is created on the bottom surface of the midstream dangerous rock mass. The midstream dangerous rock mass is connected with a C30-C45 concrete block. Every 3-4 midstream dangerous rock masses are connected into a whole. A strain monitor is installed on the surface of any midstream dangerous rock mass in each whole. The strain monitor has an alarm function and constantly monitors the deformation state of the spherical dangerous rock mass. If the midstream dangerous rock mass becomes loose, the strain monitor will alarm.
[0033] The downstream prevention and control module includes a rock retaining wall, drainage holes, and a water volume monitoring meter. Its purpose is to intercept the dangerous rocks downstream and keep them in a stable state.
[0034] A stone retaining wall is built at the downstream ditch mouth. The retaining wall is 2-4 meters high, 0.5-1 meters thick, and has a width equal to the ditch mouth. Drain holes with a diameter of 10-20 cm are set every 2 meters in the middle of the stone retaining wall. Water flow monitoring meters with alarm functions are installed on the inner wall of the drainage holes. When the drainage volume exceeds 0.5L / s, the water flow monitoring meter will be activated.
[0035] Finally, all the parts not fully described in this utility model adopt mature products and mature technical means in the existing technology.
[0036] In the description of this specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in combination with the embodiment or example are included in the embodiment or example of the utility model.
[0037] Although embodiments of the utility model have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and intent of the utility model, and that the scope of the utility model is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A gully-type dangerous rockfall prevention system, characterized by: Including upstream prevention and control module, midstream prevention and control module and downstream prevention and control module; The upstream prevention and control module is arranged upstream of the valley and includes a diversion ditch and an active protection net. The diversion ditch is opened on the upstream side of the upstream dangerous rock and diverts the water flow from the upstream to the midstream to prevent the water flow from eroding the upstream dangerous rock. The active protection net is arranged on the downstream side of the upstream dangerous rock and provides lateral support and protection for the upstream dangerous rock. The midstream prevention and control module is arranged in the midstream of the valley and includes a plain concrete connector and a bottom drainage ditch. The plain concrete connector is cast and fixed in the gaps between the midstream dangerous rocks to reinforce the rock mass. The bottom drainage ditch is opened on the ground below the midstream dangerous rocks to connect the upstream and downstream of the valley to prevent water from scouring the midstream dangerous rocks. The downstream prevention and control module is arranged downstream of the valley, and the downstream prevention and control module includes a stone retaining wall; the side wall of the stone retaining wall laterally supports the downstream dangerous rocks, and a plurality of drainage holes are opened on the stone retaining wall.
2. The system for preventing and controlling dangerous rockfall in gully-type areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The active protection net of the upstream prevention module is provided with a plurality of stress monitors, which monitor the stress state of the active protection net in real time.
3. The gully-type dangerous rockfall prevention system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The midstream prevention and control module also includes a strain monitor, which is arranged on the midstream dangerous rock to monitor the strain state of the midstream dangerous rock in real time.
4. The system for preventing and controlling dangerous rockfall in gully-type areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the downstream prevention and control module, water flow monitoring meters are arranged inside the drainage holes of the stone retaining wall, and the water flow monitoring meters monitor the overall water flow in the valley in real time.