Bone fetcher
By designing a bone extractor that includes bone sheath, severing device and control device, the difficulty of bone tissue is solved, the bone tissue is smoothed out, and the efficiency and accuracy of autologous osteocartilage transplantation are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421925987.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-08
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-12
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-08
AI Technical Summary
Existing bone retrieval devices are difficult to effectively cut bone tissue, resulting in difficulty in breaking bone tissue and uneven ports, which require further trimming, affecting the efficiency of autologous osteocartilage transplantation.
A bone collector is designed, including a bone sheath, a cutting device and a control device. The cutting device is arranged at the distal end of the bone sheath. The cross-sectional cutting of the bone tissue is achieved through the control device in vitro operation. The cutting is performed using a cutting blade or a filament structure, and combined with a bone drilling device and a bone pushing device to achieve the smooth removal of the bone tissue.
The bone tissue can be easily cut along the cross section, the end surface is smooth and smooth without further trimming, and is suitable for direct transplantation, improving the efficiency and accuracy of autologous osteocartilage transplantation.
Smart Images
Figure CN223208467U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to a surgical instrument, in particular to a bone extractor used in osteochondral autotransplantation surgery. Background Art
[0002] With the increasing number of aging people and the frequent occurrence of various traffic accidents, the incidence of knee injuries is increasing. These knee injuries, caused by external trauma or endogenous degenerative changes, are often accompanied by defects in the knee cartilage. The prevalence of full-thickness cartilage defects in athletes is close to 36%, while the prevalence in the general population is 63%. Medial condyle defects are more common than lateral condyle defects, at 68% and 32%, respectively. Approximately 60% of knee joints undergoing arthroscopic surgery have articular cartilage defects. The repair of cartilage defects is currently a difficult problem in the field of orthopedics.
[0003] Currently, there are many intervention methods for knee cartilage defects, such as chondroplasty, debridement, drilling, microfracture, autologous chondrocyte implantation, autologous osteochondral transplantation, etc. Among them, autologous osteochondral transplantation is a relatively simple and cost-effective technology that can achieve cartilage repair by transplanting autologous cartilage fragments.
[0004] Osteochondral autologous transplantation (OAT) is a procedure for active patients with small to medium-sized, symptomatic, grade III and IV osteochondral defects of the knee. The surgical principle involves harvesting one or more autologous osteochondral grafts from a donor site, typically the minimally weight-bearing area within the ipsilateral joint, and then transplanting them into the area of cartilage damage.
[0005] A crucial step in OAT surgery is the removal of the bone tissue to be transplanted. Current methods typically involve inserting a lumen-filled sheath or trephine-like instrument into the bone tissue, then shaking the instrument to fracture the bone at the distal end for removal. This method is difficult to fracture, and the distal end is often uneven, necessitating surface smoothing prior to the bone transplant. Therefore, further improvements to bone removal instruments are needed. Summary of the Invention
[0006] The bone extractor of the utility model can cut off the bone tissue at the end after bone extraction through the cutting device arranged at the distal end of the bone extraction sheath, so that the bone tissue can be easily removed from the body along with the bone extraction sheath.
[0007] The bone extractor of the present invention is characterized in that: the bone extractor 100 comprises a bone extracting sheath 1, a cutting device 2 and a control device 3;
[0008] A. The cutting device 2 is arranged at the distal end of the bone removal sheath 1;
[0009] B. The distal end of the control device 3 is connected to the cutting device 2, and the proximal end is arranged at the proximal end of the bone removal sheath 1;
[0010] C. The bone retrieval sheath 1 is made of a thin-walled tubular material, comprising a tube wall 11 and a bone retrieval cavity 12; the bone retrieval sheath 1 is first placed into the bone tissue, and then the control device 3 is operated at the proximal end of the bone retrieval sheath 1. The cutting device 2 cuts off the bone tissue in the bone retrieval sheath 1 at the distal end of the bone retrieval sheath 1, and the bone tissue remains in the bone retrieval cavity 12. The bone retrieval sheath 1 is withdrawn, and the bone tissue in the bone retrieval cavity 12 is taken out of the body along with the bone retrieval sheath 1.
[0011] The bone retrieval sheath 1 is made of a thin-walled tubular material. Under the action of an external force, the thin-walled structure of the tube wall 11 can be used to effectively cut the bone tissue. Due to its hollow structure, a portion of the bone tissue enters the bone retrieval cavity 12 during the insertion process. One end of the control device 3 is disposed at the proximal end of the bone retrieval sheath 1, and the distal end is connected to the cutting device 2. Therefore, the control device 3 can be operated at the proximal end of the bone retrieval sheath 1 to drive the cutting device 2 disposed at the distal end of the bone retrieval sheath 1 to move along the distal cross-section of the bone retrieval sheath 1, thereby achieving cutting of the bone retrieval sheath 1 along the cross-section of the distal end of the bone retrieval sheath 1 by the cutting device 2. Since the cutting device 2 and the control device 3 are provided to cooperate with each other, the bone tissue can be conveniently cut along the distal cross section of the bone sheath 1 through in vitro operation, so that the bone tissue can be conveniently taken out of the body, and it is cut along the cross section, so the end face can be smooth and flat. After removal, no further trimming is required, and it can be directly placed in the position where the bone transplant is required.
[0012] The bone sheath 1 is a thin-walled cylindrical tubular structure. Since the cylindrical tubular structure has no directionality, the insertion process is very flexible and can be combined with actions such as rotation to better insert the bone sheath 1 into the bone tissue.
[0013] The bone sheath 1 is a thin-walled polygonal tubular structure. The bone sheath 1 can be a polygonal tubular structure such as a triangle, rectangle, or pentagon to match different bone metastasis shapes.
[0014] The bone sheath 1 is a thin-walled, irregularly shaped tubular structure. The bone sheath 1 can also be precisely manufactured using manufacturing methods such as 3D printing to have the same cross-sectional shape as the bone metastasis location to minimize surgical trauma.
[0015] The bone retrieval sheath 1 is made of a medical rigid material. Since the bone retrieval sheath 1 needs to be inserted into the bone tissue under the action of an external force, the bone retrieval sheath 1 is usually made of a rigid material, such as medical stainless steel, medical hard plastic, medical titanium and titanium alloys, medical shape memory alloys, medical composite materials, and other medical rigid materials.
[0016] The cutting device 2 includes at least one cutting mechanism 21, which moves along the cross section of the bone sheath 1 to cut the bone tissue within the bone sheath 1. The cutting mechanism 21 moves along the cross section of the bone sheath 1 at the distal end of the bone sheath 1 to achieve planar cutting, resulting in a smooth and flat end surface. After the bone tissue is removed, it can be directly transplanted without further trimming.
[0017] The cutting mechanism 21 includes a cutting blade 21-1. The cutting mechanism 21 can be a blade-like cutting device with a cutting edge, such as the cutting blade 21-1, or a sufficiently strong filamentous structure that utilizes a small contact area to achieve high pressure and cut bone tissue. The provision of the cutting blade 21-1 ensures a very smooth end surface, eliminating the need for end surface trimming after bone tissue removal.
[0018] The cutting device 2 includes two cutting mechanisms 21. The cutting device 2 may include only one cutting mechanism 21, which moves along the cross section of the bone tissue to achieve overall cutting, or it may include two or more cutting mechanisms 21, which achieve cutting of the distal cross section of the bone tissue through the overall movement of multiple cutting mechanisms 21 or the superposition of the effects of individual movements.
[0019] The cutting mechanism 21 is made of a shape memory alloy. The shape memory alloy can assume a single shape such as a straight line in vitro, making it easy to insert into the tube wall 11 of the bone sheath 1. After entering the human body and being pushed out, it automatically returns to the set cutting shape to cut the bone tissue.
[0020] The bone harvester 100 also includes a bone drilling device 4. Because the bone harvesting sheath 1 must be inserted into bone tissue for bone harvesting, the bone drilling device 4 facilitates faster insertion of the sheath 1 into the bone tissue. The bone drilling device 4 can be configured in a variety of ways, such as with a sharp blade that cuts under external force to achieve a bone drilling effect; or with a tooth-like structure that rotates to achieve a sawing effect to drill the bone.
[0021] The bone drilling device 4 is disposed on the bone retrieval sheath 1 and / or on the cutting device 2. The bone drilling device 4 can be disposed on the bone retrieval sheath 1, the cutting device 2, or both. For example, the distal end of the bone retrieval sheath 1 is ground to form a cutting edge, or the rotary cutting teeth 41 are disposed on the distal end of the bone retrieval sheath 1, or the rotary cutting teeth 41 are disposed on the distal end of the cutting mechanism 21.
[0022] The bone drilling device 4 is a rotary cutting tooth 41 provided at the distal end of the bone removal sheath 1. The rotary cutting tooth 41 can form a ring saw effect through rotational motion, and the bone drilling effect is very good.
[0023] The control device 3 is a shaft control mechanism 31. The shaft control mechanism 31 drives the cutting device 2 to rotate along the distal cross section of the bone sheath 1 through the rotation of the shaft, thereby achieving the severing of bone tissue. This control method is very simple to operate and has a very simple structure.
[0024] The axis control mechanism 31 includes a rotating shaft 31-1, which is rotatably disposed within or near the tube wall 11 of the bone harvesting sheath 1. The distal end of the rotating shaft 31-1 is connected to the cutting device 2, and the proximal end of the rotating shaft 31-1 protrudes from the tube wall 11 and is exposed. Rotating the exposed proximal end of the rotating shaft 31-1 causes the cutting device 2 to rotate accordingly, thereby severing the bone tissue within the bone harvesting sheath 1. To maintain the outer wall shape of the bone tissue and minimize the wound surface, the rotating shaft 31-1 is typically disposed within the tube wall 11. The tube wall 11 is provided with an axial hole 11-1. The rotating shaft 31-1 is disposed within the axial hole 11-1. The distal end is fixedly connected to the outer end of the cutting device 2, and the proximal end extends and is exposed from the axial hole 11-1. Rotating the rotating shaft causes the cutting device 2 to rotate along the cross-section of the bone removal sheath 1, and the cutting blade 21-1 cuts the bone tissue. Under this control mode, the cutting mechanism 21 of the cutting device 2 is typically a rigid knife-like structure having the cutting blade 21-1. To ensure that the bone removal sheath 1 assumes a predetermined shape upon entering the bone tissue, the cutting mechanism 21 has a shape that matches the bone removal sheath 1, so that the bone removal sheath 1 can smoothly enter the bone tissue in the predetermined shape.
[0025] A rotating shaft handle 31-2 is provided at the proximal end of the shaft control mechanism 31. To facilitate the rotation of the rotating shaft 31-1, the rotating shaft handle 31-2 can be provided at the proximal end of the rotating shaft 31-1.
[0026] The control device 3 is a filamentous structure control mechanism 32. The filamentous structure control mechanism 32 achieves a cutting effect on bone tissue by using a local high pressure caused by line contact of the filamentous material during movement.
[0027] The filamentous structure control mechanism 32 includes a fixing plate 32-1 and a cutting wire 32-2. The fixing plate 32-1 is arranged in the bone removal cavity 12 of the bone removal sheath 1 and has a shape matching the inner wall of the tube wall 11. The distal end of the cutting wire 32-2 is elastically fixed to the outside of the fixing plate 32-1. After the fixing plate 32-1 is pulled back, the cutting wire 32-2 is separated from the fixing plate 32-1. The cutting wire 32-2 is pulled backward and moves along the cross-section of the distal end of the bone removal sheath 1 to cut the bone tissue. The distal end of the cutting wire 32-2 constitutes the cutting device 2 until the cutting wire 32-2 is arranged in a straight line at the distal end of the bone removal sheath 1. The bone removal sheath 1 is rotated and the cutting wire 32-2 rotates along the distal cross-section of the bone removal sheath 1 to cut the bone tissue.
[0028] To maintain the appearance and structure of the bone tissue, the fixing plate 32-1 is generally shaped to match the inner wall of the tube wall 11, so that the cutting wire 32-2 can be fixed along the side wall of the tube wall 11, thereby facilitating the bone sheath 1 to enter the bone tissue. To ensure the cutting effect of the cutting wire 32-2, the cutting wire 32-2 must have both good strength and flexibility to be deformable so that it can be inserted into the bone tissue along with the bone sheath 1. Therefore, the cutting wire is preferably made of a flexible material such as metal wire or nylon wire.
[0029] The cutting wire 32-2 is an elastic wire 32-21. The distal end of the elastic wire 32-21 is elastically deformed and fixed to the outside of the fixing plate 32-1. After the fixing plate 32-1 is pulled back, the elastic wire 32-21 is separated from the fixing plate 32-1. Under the action of the elastic restoring force, the distal end of the elastic wire 32-21 moves along the cross-section of the distal end of the bone sheath 1 to cut bone tissue. The distal end of the elastic wire 32-21 constitutes the cutting device 2 until the elastic wire 32-21 is arranged at the distal end of the bone sheath 1 in a straight line. When the bone sheath 1 is rotated, the elastic wire 32-21 rotates along the distal cross-section of the bone sheath 1 to cut the bone tissue. The elastic wire 32-21 can automatically recover under the action of the elastic restoring force, making the cutting process very convenient.
[0030] The elastic wire 32-21 is made of a memory alloy. Preferably, the elastic wire 32-21 is made of a medical memory alloy, which not only has good elasticity and strength, but also has a shape memory function. Once inside the body, under the influence of body temperature, the elastic wire 32-21 can automatically return from an arc shape matching the fixing plate 32-1 to a straight shape, achieving a good cutting effect without the need to pull the elastic wire 32-21.
[0031] The bone extractor 100 further includes a bone pushing device 5, which pushes out the bone tissue remaining in the bone extraction cavity 12 for subsequent clinical operations. The bone pushing device 5 moves downward along the bone extraction cavity 12 to push the bone tissue in the bone extraction cavity 12 into the area where it needs to be transplanted.
[0032] The bone pushing device 5 comprises a pushing rod 51. The pushing rod 51 has a shape matching the bone removal cavity 12 so as to better push out the bone tissue.
[0033] The bone pushing device 5 pushes the bone tissue out of the bone removal cavity 12 by knocking or rotating. By knocking or rotating with external force, the bone pushing device 5 can slide downward along the inner wall of the tube wall 11, thereby pushing the bone tissue out of the bone removal cavity 12.
[0034] The bone extractor 100 is an electric bone extractor 101. The electric bone extractor 101 is driven by electricity to achieve electric and precise control of the bone extraction process.
[0035] The electric bone remover 101 also includes a host 6, a circuit and control system 7, and a transmission system 8. The host 6 is connected to the circuit and control system 7, and the movement of the transmission system 8 is controlled by the circuit and control system 7. The transmission system 8 drives the bone removal sheath 1 or the control device 3 to work to complete the bone removal process.
[0036] The circuit and control system 7 are connected, and the host 6 works to drive the transmission system 8 to move. The movement of the transmission system 8 then drives the bone removal sheath 1 or the control device 3 to move to perform bone removal. Since the movement of the bone removal sheath 1 or the control device 3 is controlled by the host 6, precise control can be achieved, and the insertion and cutting process of the bone tissue can also be completed easily. The manual bone removal process will not be difficult due to the high hardness of the bone tissue causing excessive external force required during the operation.
[0037] The host 6 is a driving motor 61. The driving motor 61 can be controlled by a stepper motor or by a control system to achieve precise control of the driving process.
[0038] The circuit and control system 7 includes a power supply 71 , a circuit 72 and a control switch 73 . The power supply 71 is connected to the control switch 73 via the circuit 72 to control the motion of the transmission system 8 .
[0039] The transmission system 8 is a gear transmission system 81 , which is connected to the host 6 . The host 6 drives the gear transmission system 81 to rotate, thereby driving the bone removal sheath 1 or the control device 3 to rotate.
[0040] The gear transmission system 81 includes a drive input wheel 81-1 and a drive output wheel 81-2, which are connected together by gear meshing. The drive input wheel 81-1 is connected to the drive shaft 61-1 of the drive motor 61, and the drive output wheel 81-2 is arranged on the bone removal sheath 1 or the control device 3. When the drive motor 61 is in operation, the drive shaft 61-1 rotates, driving the drive input wheel 81-1 to rotate. Due to the gear meshing between the drive input wheel 81-1 and the drive output wheel 81-2, the drive output wheel 81-2 rotates accordingly, thereby driving the bone removal sheath 1 or the control device 3 to rotate. If the bone removal sheath 1 rotates, the rotary cutting teeth 41 at the distal end also rotate, forming a ring saw effect, which is very convenient for inserting bone tissue. When the rotating shaft 31 - 1 of the control device 3 rotates, the cutting mechanism 21 connected at the distal end also rotates, and the cutting blade 21 - 1 cuts the bone tissue to achieve end face cutting of the bone tissue.
[0041] During clinical application, the bone removal sheath 1 is first placed into the bone tissue to be removed by knocking or rotating, and then the control device 3 controls the cutting device 2 to cut the bone tissue from the distal cross section of the bone removal sheath 1, and then the bone removal sheath 1 is taken out to complete the bone removal process.
[0042] The bone extractor of the present invention comprises a bone extracting sheath 1, a cutting device 2 and a control device 3. The cutting device 2 is arranged at the distal end of the bone extracting sheath 1, and the distal end of the control device 3 is connected to the cutting device 2, and the proximal end is arranged at the proximal end of the bone extracting sheath 1. The bone extracting sheath 1 is made of a thin-walled tubular material, comprising a tube wall 11 and a bone extracting cavity 12; the bone extracting sheath 1 is first placed into the bone tissue, and then the control device 3 is operated at the proximal end of the bone extracting sheath 1, and the cutting device 2 cuts off the bone tissue in the bone extracting sheath 1 at the distal end of the bone extracting sheath 1, and the bone tissue remains in the bone extracting cavity 12, and then the bone extracting sheath 1 is withdrawn, and the bone tissue in the bone extracting cavity 12 is removed from the body along with the bone extracting sheath 1. Due to the coordinated arrangement of the cutting device 2 and the control device 3, bone tissue can be conveniently severed along the distal cross-section of the bone harvesting sheath 1 during in vitro manipulation, allowing bone tissue to be easily removed from the body. Furthermore, since the bone tissue is severed along the cross-section, the end surface is smooth and flat. After removal, no further trimming is required, allowing it to be directly placed in the desired bone graft location. In particular, the electric bone harvester 101 can achieve precise control of the placement and severing process via the host computer 6. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0043] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the axis-controlled bone extractor of the present invention.
[0044] Figure 1-1 yes Figure 1 main view.
[0045] Figure 1-2 yes Figure 1-1 AA cross-sectional view.
[0046] Figure 1-3 yes Figure 1 Exploded diagram.
[0047] Figure 1-4 yes Figure 1-2 Enlarged view of point B.
[0048] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the cutting device when it is working.
[0049] Figure 2-1 yes Figure 2 main view.
[0050] Figure 2-2 yes Figure 2-1 CC cross-sectional view.
[0051] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the bone extractor of the present invention of the filamentous structure control type.
[0052] Figure 3-1 yes Figure 3 main view.
[0053] Figure 3-2 yes Figure 3-1 DD cross-sectional view.
[0054] Figure 3-3 yes Figure 3-1 Enlarged view of point E.
[0055] Figure 3-4 yes Figure 3 Exploded diagram.
[0056] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure when the cutting wire is released from the fixed working state.
[0057] Figure 4-1 yes Figure 4 main view.
[0058] Figure 4-2 yes Figure 4-1 FF enlarged image.
[0059] Figure 5 The utility model is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the bone extractor including the bone pushing device.
[0060] Figure 5-1 yes Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the bone pushing device when it is taken out.
[0061] Figure 6 The utility model is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the bone extractor of the present invention including a screw thread rotating bone pushing device.
[0062] Figure 6-1 yes Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the bone pushing device when it is taken out.
[0063] Figure 6-2 yes Figure 6 sectional view of .
[0064] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a partially cut-away electric bone extractor.
[0065] Figure 7-1 This is the front view of the electric bone extractor.
[0066] Figure 7-2 yes Figure 7-1 sectional view of .
[0067] Figure 8 It is a working principle diagram of the bone extractor of the present utility model.
[0068] In the above figure:
[0069] 100 is a bone extractor of the present invention, and 101 is an electric bone extractor.
[0070] 1 is the bone sheath removal device, 2 is the cutting device, 3 is the control device, 4 is the bone drilling device, 5 is the bone pushing device, 6 is the host, 7 is the circuit and control system, and 8 is the transmission system.
[0071] 11 is the tube wall, 12 is the bone removal cavity, 11-1 is the axial hole, and 11-2 is the internal thread.
[0072] 21 is a cutting mechanism, and 21-1 is a cutting blade.
[0073] 31 is an axis control mechanism, 32 is a filament structure control mechanism; 31-1 is a rotating shaft, 31-2 is a rotating shaft handle, 32-1 is a fixing plate, 32-2 is a cutting wire, and 32-21 is an elastic wire.
[0074] 41 is a rotary cutting tooth.
[0075] 51 is a push rod, and 52 is an external thread.
[0076] 61 is a driving motor and 61-1 is a driving shaft.
[0077] 71 is a power supply, 72 is a circuit, and 73 is a control switch.
[0078] 81 is a gear transmission system, 81-1 is a driving input wheel, and 81-2 is a driving output wheel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0079] Example 1: Axis-controlled bone extractor of the present invention
[0080] refer to Figures 1 to 2-2 The bone extractor of this embodiment includes a bone extractor sheath 1, a cutting device 2 and a control device 3.
[0081] refer to Figure 1-2 and Figure 1-3 The cutting device 2 is arranged at the distal end of the bone retrieval sheath 1; the distal end of the control device 3 is connected to the cutting device 2, and the proximal end is arranged at the proximal end of the bone retrieval sheath 1; the bone retrieval sheath 1 is made of a thin-walled tubular material, containing a tube wall 11 and a bone retrieval cavity 12; the bone retrieval sheath 1 is first placed into the bone tissue, and then the control device 3 is operated at the proximal end of the bone retrieval sheath 1, the cutting device 2 cuts off the bone tissue in the bone retrieval sheath 1 at the distal end of the bone retrieval sheath 1, and the bone tissue remains in the bone retrieval cavity 12, and the bone sheath 1 is withdrawn, and the bone tissue in the bone retrieval cavity 12 is taken out of the body along with the bone retrieval sheath 1.
[0082] refer to Figures 1 to 2-2 In this embodiment, the bone sheath 1 is a thin-walled cylindrical tubular structure. Since the cylindrical tubular structure has no directionality, the insertion process is very flexible and can be combined with rotation and other actions to better insert the bone sheath 1 into the bone tissue.
[0083] In practical applications, the bone harvesting sheath 1 can also be a thin-walled polygonal tubular structure. The bone harvesting sheath 1 can be a polygonal tubular structure such as a triangle, rectangle, pentagon, etc. to match different bone metastasis shapes.
[0084] The bone sheath 1 can also be a thin-walled, special-shaped tubular structure. The bone sheath 1 can also be precisely manufactured into a cross-sectional shape identical to the bone metastasis location using manufacturing methods such as 3D printing to minimize surgical trauma.
[0085] The bone retrieval sheath 1 is made of a medical rigid material. Since the bone retrieval sheath 1 needs to be inserted into the bone tissue under the action of an external force, the bone retrieval sheath 1 is usually made of a rigid material, such as medical stainless steel, medical hard plastic, medical titanium and titanium alloys, medical shape memory alloys, medical composite materials, and other medical rigid materials.
[0086] The cutting device 2 includes at least one cutting mechanism 21, which moves along the cross section of the bone sheath 1 to cut the bone tissue within the bone sheath 1. The cutting mechanism 21 moves along the cross section of the bone sheath 1 at the distal end of the bone sheath 1 to achieve planar cutting, resulting in a smooth and flat end surface. After the bone tissue is removed, it can be directly transplanted without further trimming.
[0087] The cutting device 2 may contain only one cutting mechanism 21, which moves along the cross section of the bone tissue to achieve overall cutting, or it may contain two or more cutting mechanisms 21, which achieve cutting of the distal cross section of the bone tissue through the overall movement of multiple cutting mechanisms 21 or the superposition of individual movement effects.
[0088] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, the cutting device 2 includes two cutting mechanisms 21. By rotating and cutting sequentially, the two cutting mechanisms 21 can be used to perform cross-sectional cutting of bone tissue. Furthermore, due to the presence of two cutting mechanisms 21, each cutting mechanism 21 can be smaller in size, resulting in a shorter torque. The required torque during cutting is therefore lower, making the cutting process easier. In practical applications, multiple cutting mechanisms 21 can also operate simultaneously to perform a complete cut of bone tissue.
[0089] To better sever bone tissue, the cutting mechanism 21 includes a cutting blade 21-1. The cutting mechanism 21 can be a blade-like cutting device with a cutting edge, such as the cutting blade 21-1, or a sufficiently strong filamentous structure that utilizes a small contact area to achieve high pressure to cut bone tissue. The provision of the cutting blade 21-1 ensures a very smooth end face incision, eliminating the need for end face trimming after bone tissue removal. In this embodiment, the cutting mechanism 21 is a knife-like cutting device including the cutting blade 21-1.
[0090] The cutting mechanism 21 can be made of a shape memory alloy. The shape memory alloy can assume a single shape such as a straight line in vitro, making it easy to insert into the tube wall 11 of the bone removal sheath 1. After entering the human body and being pushed out, it automatically returns to the set cutting shape to cut the bone tissue.
[0091] In this embodiment, the control device 3 is a shaft control mechanism 31. The shaft control mechanism 31 drives the cutting device 2 to rotate along the distal cross section of the bone sheath 1 through the rotation of the shaft, thereby achieving the severing of bone tissue. This control method is very simple to operate and has a very simple structure.
[0092] refer to Figure 1-2 and Figure 2-2The shaft control mechanism 31 includes a rotating shaft 31-1, which is rotatably disposed within or near the tube wall 11 of the bone sheath 1. The distal end of the rotating shaft 31-1 is connected to the cutting device 2, and the proximal end of the rotating shaft 31-1 extends out of the tube wall 11 and is exposed. When the exposed proximal end of the rotating shaft 31-1 is rotated, the cutting device 2 rotates accordingly, cutting the bone tissue within the bone sheath 1. To maintain the outer wall morphology of the bone tissue and reduce the wound surface, in this embodiment, the rotating shaft 31-1 is disposed within the tube wall 11. An axial hole 11-1 is provided within the tube wall 11. The rotating shaft 31-1 is disposed within the axial hole 11-1, with the distal end fixedly connected to the outer end of the cutting device 2 and the proximal end extending out of the axial hole 11-1 and being exposed. When the rotating shaft 31-1 is rotated, the cutting device 2 rotates along the cross-section of the bone sheath 1, and the cutting blade 21-1 cuts the bone tissue. The cutting mechanism 21 of the cutting device 2 is typically a rigid knife-like structure having a cutting edge 21-1. To ensure that the bone sheath 1 assumes a predetermined shape when entering the bone tissue, the cutting mechanism 21 has a shape that matches the bone sheath 1, allowing the bone sheath 1 to smoothly enter the bone tissue in the predetermined shape.
[0093] In this embodiment, in order to facilitate the rotation of the rotating shaft 31-1, the rotating shaft handle 31-2 is provided at the proximal end of the rotating shaft 31-1. The rotating shaft handle 31-2 can be set into various shapes such as a door leaf shape, a horizontal axis shape, etc. as needed.
[0094] refer to Figure 5 to Figure 6-2 The bone extractor 100 further includes a bone pushing device 5, which pushes out the bone tissue remaining in the bone extraction cavity 12 for subsequent clinical operations. The bone pushing device 5 moves downward along the bone extraction cavity 12 and can push the bone tissue in the bone extraction cavity 12 into the area where it needs to be transplanted.
[0095] Referring to the figure, the bone pushing device 5 includes a pushing rod 51. The pushing rod 51 has a shape that matches the bone removal cavity 12 so as to better push the bone tissue out.
[0096] The bone pushing device 5 pushes the bone tissue out of the bone removal cavity 12 by knocking or rotating.
[0097] refer to Figure 5 and Figure 5-1 Under the impact of external force, the pushing rod 51 slides downward along the bone harvesting sheath 1 and pushes the bone tissue out of the bone harvesting cavity 12.
[0098] refer to Figure 6 to Figure 6-2The outer surface of the bone pushing device 5 is provided with an external thread 52, and the inside of the bone removal sheath 1 is provided with an internal thread 12. When the bone pushing device 5 is rotated, the push rod 51 moves downward along the bone removal sheath 1 to push the bone tissue out of the bone removal cavity 12.
[0099] refer to Figure 8 During clinical use, the bone harvesting sheath 1 is first placed into the bone tissue to be harvested by tapping or rotating it. Then, the rotating shaft 31-1 is rotated, and the cutting blade 21-1 cuts the bone tissue along the cross section of the distal end of the bone harvesting sheath 1. The bone tissue in the bone harvesting cavity 12 is taken out of the body as the bone harvester of the present invention is removed. The bone pushing device 5 is then used to push the bone tissue out of the bone harvesting cavity 12 for transplantation.
[0100] In this embodiment, since the bone retrieval sheath 1 is made of a thin-walled tubular material, it can be smoothly inserted into the bone tissue under the action of an external force by utilizing the good cutting effect of the thin-walled structure of the tube wall 11. At the same time, due to the hollow structural design, during the insertion of the bone tissue, a portion of the bone tissue enters the bone retrieval cavity 12. One end of the control device 3 is arranged at the proximal end of the bone retrieval sheath 1, and the distal end is connected to the cutting device 2. Therefore, it can be operated at the proximal end of the bone retrieval sheath 1 to drive the cutting device 2 arranged at the distal end of the bone retrieval sheath 1 to move along the distal cross-section of the bone retrieval sheath 1, so that the cutting device 2 can cut along the cross-section at the distal end of the bone retrieval sheath 1. Since the cutting device 2 and the control device 3 are provided to cooperate with each other, the bone tissue can be conveniently cut along the distal cross section of the bone sheath 1 through in vitro operation, so that the bone tissue can be conveniently taken out of the body, and it is cut along the cross section, so the end face can be smooth and flat. No further trimming is required after removal, and it can be directly placed in the position where bone transplantation is required, which is very convenient for clinical application.
[0101] Example 2: Silk structure controlled bone extractor of the present invention
[0102] refer to Figure 3 to Figure 4-2 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that, in this embodiment, the control device 3 is a filamentous structure control mechanism 32, and the filamentous structure control mechanism 32 achieves the cutting effect on bone tissue through the local high pressure caused by the line contact of the filamentous material during movement.
[0103] refer to Figure 3 to Figure 3-2The filamentous structure control mechanism 32 includes a fixing plate 32-1 and a cutting wire 32-2. The fixing plate 32-1 is arranged in the bone removal cavity 12 of the bone removal sheath 1 and has a shape matching the inner wall of the tube wall 11. The distal end of the cutting wire 32-2 is elastically fixed to the outside of the fixing plate 32-1 after passing through the axial hole 11-1. After the fixing plate 32-1 is pulled back, the cutting wire 32-2 is separated from the fixing plate 32-1. The cutting wire 32-2 is pulled backward and moves along the cross-section of the distal end of the bone removal sheath 1 to cut the bone tissue. The distal end of the cutting wire 32-2 constitutes the cutting device 2 until the cutting wire 32-2 is arranged in a straight line at the distal end of the bone removal sheath 1 (reference Figure 4 and Figure 4-2 ), rotate the bone sheath 1, and the cutting wire 32-2 rotates along the distal cross section of the bone sheath 1 to cut off the bone tissue.
[0104] refer to Figure 3-4 To maintain the appearance and structure of the bone tissue, the fixing plate 32-1 is generally shaped to match the inner wall of the tube wall 11, so that the cutting wire 32-2 can be fixed along the side wall of the tube wall 11, thereby facilitating the bone sheath 1 to enter the bone tissue. To ensure the cutting effect of the cutting wire 32-2, the cutting wire 32-2 must have both good strength and flexibility to be deformable so that it can be inserted into the bone tissue along with the bone sheath 1. Therefore, the cutting wire is preferably made of elastic metal wire, nylon wire, or other materials.
[0105] In this embodiment, the cutting wire 32-2 is an elastic wire 32-21. The distal end of the elastic wire 32-21 is elastically deformed and fixed to the outside of the fixing plate 32-1. After the fixing plate 32-1 is pulled back, the elastic wire 32-21 is separated from the fixing plate 32-1. Under the action of the elastic restoring force, the distal end of the elastic wire 32-21 moves along the cross-section of the distal end of the bone sheath 1 to cut the bone tissue. The distal end of the elastic wire 32-21 constitutes the cutting device 2 until the elastic wire 32-21 is arranged at the distal end of the bone sheath 1 in a straight line. When the bone sheath 1 is rotated, the elastic wire 32-21 rotates along the distal cross-section of the bone sheath 1 to cut the bone tissue. The elastic wire 32-21 can automatically recover under the action of the elastic restoring force, and the cutting process is very convenient.
[0106] The elastic wire 32-21 can be made of a memory alloy. Preferably, the elastic wire 32-21 is made of a medical memory alloy, which not only has good elasticity and strength, but also has a shape memory function. Once inside the body, under the influence of body temperature, the elastic wire 32-21 can automatically return from an arc shape matching the fixing plate 32-1 to a straight shape, achieving a good cutting effect without the need to pull the elastic wire 32-21.
[0107] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 To facilitate placement of the bone harvesting sheath 1 within the bone tissue to be harvested, the bone harvester 100 in this embodiment further includes a bone drilling device 4. Since the bone harvesting sheath 1 must be placed within the bone tissue for bone harvesting, the provision of the bone drilling device 4 facilitates faster placement of the bone harvesting sheath 1 within the bone tissue to be harvested. The bone drilling device 4 can be configured in a variety of ways, such as with a sharp blade shape that achieves a bone drilling effect by cutting under external force, or with a tooth-like structure that achieves a sawing effect by rotating to drill the bone.
[0108] The bone drilling device 4 is disposed on the bone retrieval sheath 1 and / or on the cutting device 2. The bone drilling device 4 can be disposed on the bone retrieval sheath 1, the cutting device 2, or both. For example, the distal end of the bone retrieval sheath 1 is ground to form a cutting edge, or the rotary cutting teeth 41 are disposed on the distal end of the bone retrieval sheath 1, or the rotary cutting teeth 41 are disposed on the distal end of the cutting mechanism 21.
[0109] In this embodiment, the bone drilling device 4 is a rotary cutting tooth 41 provided at the distal end of the bone removal sheath 1. The rotary cutting tooth 41 can form a ring saw effect through rotational motion, and the bone drilling effect is very good.
[0110] During clinical use, the bone harvesting sheath 1 is rotated and placed into the bone tissue to be harvested. The fixing plate 32-1 is then pulled backward, releasing the elastic wire 32-21 from its restraint. Under the action of the elastic restoring force, the elastic wire 32-21 rebounds into a straight line, forming the cutting device 2. The bone harvesting sheath 1 is then rotated, and the cutting wire 32-2 rotates along the distal cross-section of the bone harvesting sheath 1 to sever the bone tissue. The elastic wire 32-21 is then sheared and withdrawn, and the bone harvesting sheath 1 is then removed, and the bone tissue is subsequently removed from the body.
[0111] The control method of the wire structure in this embodiment can be completed by selecting a variety of wire-like materials, and the end surface of the bone tissue after cutting is very flat, which is very convenient for the subsequent transplantation process.
[0112] Example 3: Electric bone extractor of the present invention
[0113] refer to Figure 7 to Figure 7-2 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 is that, in this embodiment, the bone extractor 100 is an electric bone extractor 101.
[0114] The electric bone harvester 101 comprises a bone harvesting sheath 1, a cutting device 2, a control device 3, a bone drilling device 4, a bone pushing device 5, a main unit 6, a circuit and control system 7, and a transmission system 8. The main unit 6 is connected to the circuit and control system 7, which controls the operation of the transmission system 8. The transmission system 8 drives the bone harvesting sheath 1 or the control device 3 to complete the bone harvesting process.
[0115] refer to Figure 7 and Figure 7-2 , the host 6 is a driving motor 61. The driving motor 61 can be controlled by a stepper motor or by a control system to achieve precise control of the driving process.
[0116] The circuit and control system 7 includes a power supply 71 , a circuit 72 and a control switch 73 . The power supply 71 is connected to the control switch 73 via the circuit 72 to control the motion of the transmission system 8 .
[0117] In this embodiment, the transmission system 8 is a gear transmission system 81 , which is connected to the host 6 . The host 6 drives the gear transmission system 81 to rotate, thereby driving the bone removal sheath 1 or the control device 3 to rotate.
[0118] The gear transmission system 81 includes a drive input wheel 81 - 1 and a drive output wheel 81 - 2 , and the drive input wheel 81 - 1 and the drive output wheel 81 - 2 are connected together through gear meshing.
[0119] refer to Figure 7 Hetong Figure 7-2 In this embodiment, the drive input wheel 81-1 is connected to the drive shaft 61-1 of the drive motor 61, and the drive output wheel 81-2 is arranged at the proximal end of the bone removal sheath 1. When the drive motor 61 is working, the drive shaft 61-1 rotates, driving the drive input wheel 81-1 to rotate. Due to the gear meshing action between the drive input wheel 81-1 and the drive output wheel 81-2, the drive output wheel 81-2 rotates accordingly, thereby driving the bone removal sheath 1 to rotate, and the rotary cutting teeth 41 of the bone drilling device 4 arranged at the distal end rotate accordingly, forming a ring saw effect, which makes it very convenient to place the bone removal sheath 1 into the bone tissue.
[0120] Then, the rotating shaft 31 - 1 is rotated, and the cutting mechanism 21 connected to the distal end of the rotating shaft 31 - 1 also rotates accordingly, and the cutting blade 21 - 1 cuts the bone tissue to achieve end face cutting of the bone tissue.
[0121] In actual application, the driving output wheel 81 - 2 can also be set at the proximal end of the rotating shaft 31 - 1, so as to drive the rotating shaft 31 - 1 to rotate, and then drive the cutting blade 21 - 1 to cut the bone tissue.
[0122] During clinical application, the bone removal sheath 1 is pressed on the part where bone removal is required, and the control switch 73 is pressed to connect the circuit and control system 7. The host 6 works to drive the transmission system 8 to move. The movement of the transmission system 8 then drives the bone removal sheath 1 to move, and the bone removal sheath 1 is placed in the bone tissue. Then, the rotating shaft 31-1 is rotated to cut the bone tissue at the distal end, and the bone removal sheath 1 is taken out to complete the bone removal.
[0123] In this embodiment, since the movement of the bone removal sheath 1 or the control device 3 is controlled by the host 6, precise control can be achieved, and the insertion and cutting process of the bone tissue can also be easily completed through the action of electricity. The manual bone removal process will not be difficult due to the high hardness of the bone tissue causing excessive external force required for the operation process.
[0124] It should be noted that the structures disclosed and described herein may be replaced by other structures with equivalent effects, and that the embodiments described herein are not the only structures for implementing the present invention. Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described and illustrated herein, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that these embodiments are merely illustrative and that those skilled in the art may make numerous changes, improvements, and substitutions without departing from the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be defined in accordance with the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1. A bone removal device, characterized in that: The bone extractor (100) comprises a bone extractor sheath (1), a cutting device (2) and a control device (3); A. The cutting device (2) is arranged at the distal end of the bone removal sheath (1); B. The distal end of the control device (3) is connected to the cutting device (2), and the proximal end is arranged at the proximal end of the bone removal sheath (1); C. The bone retrieval sheath (1) is made of a thin-walled tubular material, comprising a tube wall (11) and a bone retrieval cavity (12); the bone retrieval sheath (1) is first placed into the bone tissue, and then the control device (3) is operated at the proximal end of the bone retrieval sheath (1), and the cutting device (2) cuts off the bone tissue in the bone retrieval sheath (1) at the distal end of the bone retrieval sheath (1), and the bone tissue remains in the bone retrieval cavity (12), and then the bone retrieval sheath (1) is withdrawn, and the bone tissue in the bone retrieval cavity (12) is taken out of the body along with the bone retrieval sheath (1).
2. The bone remover according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bone removal sheath (1) is a thin-walled cylindrical tubular structure.
3. The bone remover according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bone removal sheath (1) is a thin-walled polygonal tubular structure.
4. The bone remover according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bone removal sheath (1) is a thin-walled, irregularly shaped tubular structure.
5. The bone remover according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bone removal sheath (1) is made of medical rigid material.
6. The bone remover according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting device (2) contains at least one cutting mechanism (21), and the cutting mechanism (21) moves along the cross section of the bone sheath (1) to cut the bone tissue in the bone sheath (1).
7. The bone remover according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cutting mechanism (21) comprises a cutting blade (21-1).
8. The bone remover according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cutting device (2) comprises two cutting mechanisms (21).
9. The bone remover according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cutting mechanism (21) is made of shape memory alloy.
10. The bone remover according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bone extractor (100) further comprises a bone drilling device (4).
11. The bone remover according to claim 10, characterized in that: The bone drilling device (4) is arranged on the bone removal sheath (1) and / or on the cutting device (2).
12. The bone remover according to claim 10, characterized in that: The bone drilling device (4) is a rotary cutting tooth (41) arranged at the distal end of the bone removal sheath (1).
13. The bone remover according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control device (3) is a shaft control mechanism (31).
14. The bone remover according to claim 13, characterized in that: The axis control mechanism (31) includes a rotating shaft (31-1), and the rotating shaft (31-1) is rotatably arranged in the tube wall (11) of the bone removal sheath (1) or near the tube wall (11). The distal end of the rotating shaft (31-1) is connected to the cutting device (2), and the proximal end of the rotating shaft (31-1) extends out from the tube wall (11) and is exposed. When the exposed proximal end of the rotating shaft (31-1) is rotated, the cutting device (2) rotates accordingly, thereby cutting off the bone tissue in the bone removal sheath (1).
15. The bone remover according to claim 14, characterized in that: A rotating shaft handle (31-2) is provided at the proximal end of the shaft control mechanism (31).
16. The bone remover according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control device (3) is a filament structure control mechanism (32).
17. The bone remover according to claim 16, characterized in that: The filamentous structure control mechanism (32) comprises a fixing plate (32-1) and a cutting wire (32-2). The fixing plate (32-1) is arranged in the bone removal cavity (12) of the bone removal sheath (1) and has a shape matching the inner wall of the tube wall (11). The distal end of the cutting wire (32-2) is elastically fixed to the outside of the fixing plate (32-1). After the fixing plate (32-1) is pulled back, the cutting wire (32-2) is separated from the fixing plate (32-1). 1), pull the cutting wire (32-2) backward, the cutting wire (32-2) moves along the cross-section of the distal end of the bone sheath (1) to cut the bone tissue, the distal end of the cutting wire (32-2) constitutes the cutting device (2), until the cutting wire (32-2) is arranged in a straight line at the distal end of the bone sheath (1), rotate the bone sheath (1), the cutting wire (32-2) rotates along the cross-section of the distal end of the bone sheath (1), and cuts the bone tissue.
18. The bone remover according to claim 17, characterized in that: The cutting wire (32-2) is an elastic wire (32-21). The distal end of the elastic wire (32-21) is fixed to the outside of the fixing plate (32-1) after elastic deformation. After the fixing plate (32-1) is pulled back, the elastic wire (32-21) is separated from the fixing plate (32-1). Under the action of the elastic restoring force, the distal end of the elastic wire (32-21) moves along the cross-section of the distal end of the bone sheath (1) to cut the bone tissue. The distal end of the elastic wire (32-21) constitutes the cutting device (2) until the elastic wire (32-21) is arranged at the distal end of the bone sheath (1) in a straight line. The bone sheath (1) is rotated, and the elastic wire (32-21) rotates along the cross-section of the distal end of the bone sheath (1) to cut the bone tissue.
19. The bone remover according to claim 18, characterized in that: The elastic wire (32-21) is made of memory alloy.
20. The bone remover according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bone extractor (100) further comprises a bone pushing device (5), which pushes out the bone tissue remaining in the bone extraction cavity (12) for subsequent clinical operations.
21. The bone remover according to claim 20, characterized in that: The bone pushing device (5) comprises a pushing rod (51).
22. The bone remover according to claim 20, characterized in that: The bone pushing device (5) pushes the bone tissue out of the bone removal cavity (12) by knocking or rotating.
23. The bone remover according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bone extractor (100) is an electric bone extractor (101).
24. The bone remover according to claim 23, characterized in that: The electric bone extractor (101) further comprises a host (6), a circuit and control system (7), and a transmission system (8). The host (6) is connected to the circuit and control system (7), and the movement of the transmission system (8) is controlled by the circuit and control system (7). The transmission system (8) drives the bone extraction sheath (1) or the control device (3) to work, thereby completing the bone extraction process.
25. The bone remover according to claim 24, characterized in that: The host (6) is a driving motor (61).
26. The bone remover according to claim 24, characterized in that: The circuit and control system (7) comprises a power supply (71), a circuit (72) and a control switch (73). The power supply (71) is connected to the control switch (73) via the circuit (72) to control the motion of the transmission system (8).
27. The bone remover according to claim 24, characterized in that: The transmission system (8) is a gear transmission system (81), which is connected to the host (6). The host (6) drives the gear transmission system (81) to rotate, thereby driving the bone removal sheath (1) or the control device (3) to rotate.