Crushing device for waste lithium battery

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of waste lithium battery recycling, and discloses a waste lithium battery crushing device which comprises a base, a crushing unit and a first pulley block. The crushing unit comprises a hammering module, a rolling module, a speed regulation module and a crushing module, the hammering module is located at the left end of the base, the speed regulation module is located at the right end of the hammering module, the rolling module is located at the right end of the speed regulation module, the crushing module is located at the right end of the rolling module, a collecting cylinder is placed on the left side of the base, and the bottom of the collecting cylinder is attached to the base; a plurality of supporting columns are arranged in the middle of the base, the upper ends of the supporting columns are fixedly connected with the first pulley block, and the lower ends of the supporting columns are fixedly connected with the base. By means of the modular design, the probability of firing in the crushing process is reduced, on the other hand, electrolyte in a battery cell can be neutralized, dust generated in the disassembling process is reduced, damage to human health is reduced, black powder is further purified after treatment of the crushing module, and the crushing efficiency of the lithium battery is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of recycling waste lithium batteries, in particular to a crushing device for waste lithium batteries. Background Art

[0002] Lithium batteries primarily consist of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte. These materials contain a significant amount of valuable metals. The metals with the highest potential value in the positive electrode materials of used lithium batteries include cobalt, lithium, and nickel. The concentrations of these metals are even far higher than those found in their ores, making them highly valuable for recycling. Failure to effectively recycle lithium batteries not only wastes resources but also contributes to environmental pollution. Heavy metals such as cobalt, manganese, and nickel in the batteries enter the soil and cannot be naturally degraded, causing irreparable damage to the soil and even groundwater. The electrolyte contains various organic components, which, if leaked, can release irritating and toxic gases such as hydrofluoric acid (HF), seriously endangering human health.

[0003] Crushing and separation are essential steps in lithium battery recycling. However, existing crushing and separation equipment cannot completely crush the batteries, resulting in some incompletely broken lithium batteries remaining in the crushed lithium batteries. This results in low efficiency and cumbersome operation. Before recycling the casing, copper and aluminum foil, and positive and negative electrode powders, the used lithium batteries must be crushed to separate the individual components. Because lithium batteries are usually charged and contain flammable electrolyte components, they are highly susceptible to fire during the crushing process.

[0004] Currently, common crushing methods are mainly divided into two categories: one is to discharge the charged battery first and then crush it, soaking the battery in salt solutions such as sodium chloride and sodium sulfate to cause water electrolysis reaction on the positive and negative electrodes of the battery to complete battery discharge and electrolyte penetration. This method does not discharge completely and the voltage rebounds. It can only reduce the probability of fire during the crushing process, but cannot completely avoid it. There are also problems such as battery corrosion, electrolyte leakage, and difficult treatment of discharge wastewater. The other method is to directly crush the charged lithium battery in an inert gas protection environment, and reduce the probability of fire by controlling the oxygen concentration in the crushing chamber. This method requires the setting up of an intermediate transition cabin to ensure an oxygen-free environment for battery feeding and discharging, resulting in the inability to achieve continuous crushing and limited processing capacity.

[0005] Existing process technology and equipment are widely used in the recycling of power lithium batteries, but there are still some shortcomings:

[0006] 1. Lithium batteries need to be disassembled into individual cells before being crushed, which results in a lengthy process and high production costs. Furthermore, disassembling battery modules into individual cells is primarily a manual operation, which is labor-intensive and inefficient. The disassembly process can easily generate dust and even electrolyte leakage, posing a serious health hazard.

[0007] 2. The cutter of the single cell crushing device is generally a one-piece structure, which makes it difficult to replace after damage and the maintenance cost of the consumable parts is high;

[0008] 3. The discharge screen of the single-cell crushing device is inconvenient to replace. Although some devices use hydraulic cylinders to lift the crusher cavity, the disassembly workload is still large, time-consuming and labor-intensive, which significantly reduces the operating rate of the equipment.

[0009] Therefore, it is necessary to design a crushing device for waste lithium batteries to solve the problems existing in the current technology. Utility Model Content

[0010] In light of this, this utility model proposes a waste lithium battery crushing device. It aims to address the design and use issues of existing lithium battery crushing devices, thereby shortening the lithium battery recycling process, reducing manual intervention, lowering the difficulty and maintenance costs of replacing cutter and screen components, and improving the equipment's operating efficiency, thereby enhancing its reliability and safety.

[0011] The utility model provides a device for crushing waste lithium batteries, comprising:

[0012] Base, crushing unit and first pulley block;

[0013] The crushing unit includes: a hammer module, a roller pressing module, a speed regulating module, and a crushing module;

[0014] The hammer module is located at the left end of the base, the speed regulating module is located at the right end of the hammer module, the roller pressing module is located at the right end of the speed regulating module, and the crushing module is located at the right end of the roller pressing module;

[0015] A collection tube is placed on the left side of the base, and the bottom of the collection tube is in contact with the base;

[0016] A plurality of support columns are provided in the middle of the base, the upper ends of the support columns are fixedly connected to the first pulley set, and the lower ends of the support columns are fixedly connected to the base;

[0017] A crushing module is placed on the right side of the base, and a crushing base at the bottom of the crushing module is fixedly connected to the base.

[0018] Furthermore, the hammer module includes:

[0019] A top cover, a hammering plate, a hammering rod, a support platform, a first adjustment knob, a temperature indicator, a pressure indicator, a gripper, a second pulley assembly, a first drive motor, and a support column;

[0020] The second pulley groups are distributed on both sides of the top cover, the first drive motor is distributed on the lower part of the top cover, the middle position of the top cover is fixedly connected to the upper end of the hammer rod, and the lower end of the hammer rod is fixedly connected to the middle position of the hammer disk;

[0021] A plurality of support columns are provided at the four corners of the top cover, and the support columns are fixedly connected to the top cover;

[0022] The second pulley block is provided with a plurality of grippers, the grippers are fixedly connected to the second pulley block, and a liquid spraying unit is provided at the lower part of the grippers;

[0023] The support platform is fixedly connected to the left end of the first pulley group, and the first adjusting knob, the temperature indicator, and the pressure indicator are fixedly connected to the support platform.

[0024] Furthermore, the rolling module includes:

[0025] Feed port, discharge port, monitoring unit, roller, servo motor, material platform and fixing mechanism;

[0026] The upper end of the feed port is fixedly connected to the servo motor, and the lower end of the feed port is fixedly connected to the surface of the material platform;

[0027] The discharge port and the feed port are fixedly connected;

[0028] The monitoring unit is fixed to the left end of the servo motor;

[0029] The roller is fixedly connected to the servo motor, and the roller is perpendicular to the material platform.

[0030] Furthermore, the speed regulation module includes:

[0031] a second adjustment knob, a speed indicator, and a second drive motor;

[0032] The second driving motor is installed inside the speed regulation module;

[0033] The surface of the speed regulating module is provided with the second regulating knob and the speed indicator;

[0034] The speed indicator is fixedly connected to the surface of the speed regulating module, and the second regulating knob is embedded in the surface of the speed regulating module.

[0035] Furthermore, the crushing module includes:

[0036] Feed inlet, air pump, jet unit, crushing chamber, circulation chamber, discharge chamber, acrylic plate, handle and hinge;

[0037] The crushing module is provided with the crushing bin and the circulation bin from left to right, and the discharge bin is provided at the bottom of the crushing bin;

[0038] The feed port is embedded in the upper surface of the crushing module, and a plurality of air pumps are placed below the feed port. The air pumps are embedded in the upper surface of the crushing module, and the air injection unit is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the crushing bin;

[0039] The acrylic plate is attached to the back of the crushing bin and the back of the circulation bin, the handle is fixed on the left side of the acrylic plate, and the hinge is fixedly connected to the back of the circulation bin.

[0040] Furthermore, the crushing bin includes:

[0041] Crushing motor, left coarse crushing gear, right coarse crushing gear, left transmission gear, right transmission gear, left fine crushing gear, right fine crushing gear, filter screen, vibrator and discharge plate;

[0042] The crushing motor is distributed on the right side of the feed port, the crushing motor is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the crushing module, the output ends of the crushing motor both pass through the inner wall of the crushing bin, and the output ends of the crushing motor are fixedly connected to the left coarse crushing gear and the right coarse crushing gear;

[0043] The left coarse crushing gear, the right coarse crushing gear, the left transmission gear, the right transmission gear, the left fine crushing gear, and the right fine crushing gear are symmetrically distributed inside the crushing bin along the center line;

[0044] The filter screen is arranged just below the left fine crushing gear and the right fine crushing gear, and the filter screen is fixed on the inner wall of the crushing bin;

[0045] The left end of the filter screen is fixedly connected to the vibrator, and the vibrator is fixedly connected to the left wall of the crushing bin;

[0046] The discharge plates are symmetrically distributed around the center line inside the crushing bin, the upper ends of the discharge plates are fixedly connected to the left wall of the crushing bin and the right wall of the crushing bin, and the lower ends of the discharge plates are fixedly connected to the lower wall of the crushing bin.

[0047] Furthermore, the device for crushing waste lithium batteries comprises:

[0048] The left coarse crushing gear and the right coarse crushing gear are meshed with each other;

[0049] The left transmission gear, the left coarse crushing gear, and the left fine crushing gear are meshed with each other, and the right transmission gear, the right coarse crushing gear, and the right fine crushing gear are meshed with each other;

[0050] The left fine crushing gear and the right fine crushing gear are meshed with each other.

[0051] Furthermore, the circulation chamber includes:

[0052] Guide plate, bearing groove, screw rod, circulation motor, circulation inlet and circulation outlet;

[0053] The contact surface between the crushing bin and the circulation bin is provided with the circulation inlet and the circulation outlet, and the material guide plate is provided on one side of the circulation outlet, and the material guide plate is fixedly connected to the right wall surface of the crushing bin;

[0054] The bottom of the circulation motor is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the circulation bin, the top output end of the circulation motor is fixedly connected to the screw rod, the upper end of the screw rod extends to the top of the circulation bin, and the bearing groove is placed on the top of the circulation bin where the screw rod contacts the top, and a bearing is provided in the bearing groove, and the bearing and the upper end of the screw rod are fixedly connected.

[0055] Furthermore, the discharge bin includes:

[0056] Condenser, drainage fan, support base, discharge bottle, crushing base;

[0057] The condenser is arranged on the right side of the discharge bin, the discharge bin is fixedly connected to the left end of the condenser, and the right end of the condenser is fixedly connected to the left end of the drainage fan.

[0058] The support base is provided at the bottom of the induced draft fan, and the discharge bottle passes through the support base.

[0059] Furthermore, the device for crushing waste lithium batteries comprises:

[0060] The first pulley assembly is fixedly connected to the lower part of the spray unit, and a plurality of spray heads are provided on the surface of the spray unit;

[0061] The lower part of the speed regulating module is fixedly connected to the first pulley set;

[0062] The lower part of the rolling module is fixedly connected to the first pulley set;

[0063] The upper portion of the feed port is fixedly connected to the first pulley set.

[0064] Compared with the prior art, the present invention discloses a device for crushing waste lithium batteries, comprising a base, a crushing unit, and a first pulley block. The crushing unit comprises a hammer module, a roller pressing module, a speed regulating module, and a crushing module. The hammer module is located at the left end of the base, the speed regulating module is located at the right end of the hammer module, the roller pressing module is located at the right end of the speed regulating module, and the crushing module is located at the right end of the roller pressing module. A collection tube is placed on the left side of the base, and the bottom of the collection tube fits in contact with the base. Several support columns are provided in the middle of the base, the upper ends of the support columns are fixedly connected to the first pulley block, and the lower ends of the support columns are fixedly connected to the base. A crushing module is placed on the right side of the base, and the crushing base at the bottom of the crushing module is fixedly connected to the base. Through modular design, the probability of fire during the crushing process is reduced. The hammer module cooperates with the spray unit of the gripper to reduce the high temperature generated during crushing, protect the safety of the equipment, and extend the service life of the equipment. On the other hand, it can neutralize the electrolyte inside the battery cell to prevent the volatilization and decomposition of the electrolyte to produce highly corrosive hydrofluoric acid (HF). The roller pressing module further roller presses and separates the solid-liquid mixture to purify the black powder of the waste lithium battery. The crushing module then performs continuous crushing without the need for manual disassembly into single cells and then crushing. This reduces the generation of dust and even electrolyte leakage during the disassembly process, reducing damage to human health. After processing by the crushing module, the black powder of the waste lithium battery is further purified, and the filter screen does not need to rely on a hydraulic cylinder to lift the crusher cavity, reducing the disassembly workload and ensuring the efficiency of the waste lithium battery crushing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0065] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below. The accompanying drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention. The same reference symbols are used throughout the accompanying drawings to represent the same components. In the accompanying drawings:

[0066] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a waste lithium battery crushing device provided in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0067] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the crushing module structure provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0068] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of the back side of the crushing module provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0069] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the hammer module structure provided by an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0070] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of a first pulley block provided in an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0071] In the figure: 1. Top cover; 2. First pulley block; 3. Second pulley block; 4. Hammer module; 5. Gripper; 6. Temperature indicator; 7. Pressure indicator; 8. First adjustment knob; 9. Support platform; 10. Collection tube; 11. Speed control module; 12. Second adjustment knob; 13. Speed indicator; 14. Spray unit; 15. Spray head; 16. Roller module; 17. Feed port; 18. Discharge port; 19. Monitoring unit; 20. Roller wheel; 21. Servo motor; 22. Material platform; 23. Fixing mechanism; 24. Support column; 25. Base; 26. Hammer plate; 27. Hammer rod; 28. Support column; 29. Crushing module; 3 0. Feeding port; 31. Air pump; 32. Jet unit; 33. Guide plate; 34. Circulation outlet; 35. Crushing motor; 36. Bearing slot; 37. Screw rod; 38. Left coarse crushing gear; 39. Right coarse crushing gear; 40. Left transmission gear; 41. Right transmission gear; 42. Left fine crushing gear; 43. Right fine crushing gear; 44. Filter screen; 45. Vibrator; 46. Discharge plate; 47. Circulation inlet; 48. Circulation motor; 49. Crushing bin; 50. Circulation bin; 51. Discharge bin; 52. Condenser; 53. Drainage fan; 54. Support base; 55. Discharge bottle; 56. Crushing base; 57. Acrylic plate; 58. Handle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0073] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0074] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. Throughout this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0075] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0076] See Figure 1-3 As shown, this embodiment provides a device for crushing waste lithium batteries, comprising:

[0077] Base 25, crushing unit and first pulley block 2;

[0078] The crushing unit includes: hammer module 4, roller pressing module 16, speed regulating module 11, crushing module 29;

[0079] The hammer module 4 is located at the left end of the base 25, the speed regulating module 11 is located at the right end of the hammer module 4, the roller pressing module 16 is located at the right end of the speed regulating module 11, and the crushing module 29 is located at the right end of the roller pressing module 16;

[0080] The collection tube 10 is placed on the left side of the base 25, and the bottom of the collection tube 10 is in contact with the base 25;

[0081] A plurality of support columns 24 are provided in the middle of the base 25. The upper ends of the support columns 24 are fixedly connected to the first pulley block 2, and the lower ends of the support columns 24 are fixedly connected to the base 25.

[0082] A crushing module is placed on the right side of the base, and the crushing base at the bottom of the crushing module is fixedly connected to the base.

[0083] Specifically, the modular design of the base 25, hammer module 4, roller module 16, speed control module 11, crushing module 29, and first pulley block 2 facilitates the crushing of waste lithium batteries at all stages, preventing the occurrence of high-temperature environments during the crushing process that may cause the lithium batteries to explode. A device for crushing waste lithium batteries, wherein a collection tube 10 matching the hammer module 4 is placed on the left side of the base 25, the collection tube 10 is placed on the base 25, and a plurality of support columns 24 are placed in the middle of the base 25, preferably three support columns 24, the upper ends of the support columns 24 are fixedly connected to the first pulley block 2, and the lower ends of the support columns 24 are fixedly connected to the base 25. A crushing module 29 is placed on the right side of the base 25, and a crushing base 56 at the bottom of the crushing module 29 is fixedly connected to the base 25.

[0084] As you can understand, a waste lithium battery shredder utilizes a modular design, allowing each module to operate independently, reducing the overall complexity of the device. This modular design simplifies maintenance, requiring only modification or replacement of components within a specific module without impacting the entire device. A failure in one module will not affect the normal operation of other modules, enhancing the reliability of the device. This modular design significantly reduces installation costs and time, streamlining the production process and subsequent maintenance, and lowering overall costs.

[0085] Selecting three support columns 24 evenly distributes the load, providing greater stability and strength. If one support column 24 fails, the other two can still provide support, enhancing the reliability of the structure. Three support columns 24 effectively disperse and absorb vibration energy, reducing the risk of structural vibration and damage. Three support columns 24 more evenly distribute vertical and horizontal loads, reducing the pressure on individual support columns 24 and improving the durability of the overall structure. Selecting a three-column arrangement provides more open space, facilitating a more flexible interior layout. The relatively simple arrangement and installation of three support columns 24 help reduce the difficulty and cost of installing a waste lithium battery crushing system.

[0086] See Figure 4 As shown, in some examples of the present application, a hammer module 4 in a crushing device for waste lithium batteries includes:

[0087] Top cover 1, hammer plate 26, hammer rod 27, support platform 9, first adjustment knob 8, temperature indicator 6, pressure indicator 7, gripper 5, second pulley set 3, first drive motor, support column 28;

[0088] The second pulley group 3 is distributed on both sides of the top cover 1, the first drive motor is distributed at the lower part of the top cover 1, the middle position of the top cover 1 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the hammer rod 27, and the lower end of the hammer rod 27 is fixedly connected to the middle position of the hammer disk 26. Several supporting columns 28 are set at the four corners of the top cover 1, and the supporting columns 28 are fixedly connected to the top cover 1.

[0089] The second pulley group 3 is provided with several grippers 5, which are fixedly connected to the second pulley group 3. A spray unit is provided at the lower part of the gripper 5. The support platform 9 is fixedly connected to the left end of the first pulley group 2. The first adjusting knob 8, the temperature indicator 6 and the pressure indicator 7 are fixedly connected to the support platform 9.

[0090] Specifically, the four corners of the top cover 1 are provided with a plurality of support columns 28, preferably 4 support columns 28, the second pulley block 3 is located on both sides of the top cover 1, and the lower part of the top cover 1 is provided with a first drive motor, which provides electric drive to the second pulley block 3, the hammer rod 27 and the gripper 5. The middle position of the top cover 1 is provided with a hammer rod 27, which can be freely extended and retracted. The hammer rod 27 is connected to the hammer disk 26, and the hammer disk 26 fits in the collection tube 10. Several grippers 5 are fixedly connected to the second pulley block 3, preferably 2 grippers 5. The lower end of the gripper 5 also has a spray unit, which is responsible for continuously spraying dilute alkali solution during the hammering process. The support platform 9 is fixedly connected to the left end of the first pulley block 2, and the first adjustment knob 8, the temperature indicator 6 and the pressure indicator 7 are fixedly connected to the support platform 9.

[0091] It is understandable that when the crushing work is carried out, the lithium battery to be crushed is placed in the collection tube 10, the hammer rod 27 is powered by the first drive motor to extend and retract, and the hammer disk 26 is responsible for squeezing the waste lithium battery. While the crushing work is in progress, the spray unit at the bottom of the gripper 5 sprays dilute alkali solution. Spraying dilute alkali solution can reduce the high temperature generated when the hammer disk 26 squeezes the lithium battery to crush it, protect the safety of the equipment, and extend the service life of the equipment. On the other hand, the dilute alkali solution can neutralize the electrolyte inside the battery cell to prevent the volatilization and decomposition of the electrolyte to produce highly corrosive hydrofluoric acid (HF). Through the continuous hammering of the hammer module 4, the material inside the waste lithium battery is roughly purified to obtain a solid-liquid mixture, including a portion of coarse black powder. After the hammering work is completed, the second pulley group 3 drives the gripper 5 to place the solid-liquid mixture and coarse black powder on the first pulley group 2. In order to prevent explosion during hammering, the pressure indicator 7 and the temperature indicator 6 record the pressure and ambient temperature of the waste lithium batteries in the collection tube 10 in real time. Relevant personnel can manually adjust the first adjustment knob 8 to change the pressure.

[0092] A device for crushing used lithium batteries uses hammering to quickly break them into smaller pieces, improving crushing efficiency. The hammering equipment is relatively simple, with low investment costs and low operating and maintenance costs. Compared to other crushing methods, hammering typically consumes less energy, reducing overall processing costs. Hammering crushing can produce relatively uniform particle sizes, facilitating subsequent separation and purification processes. It can also effectively disassemble the different materials in the battery, facilitating subsequent physical and chemical separation. Furthermore, hammering crushing can reduce material adhesion and residue, increasing recovery rates. Hammering crushing is a mechanical method that does not involve chemical treatment, reducing environmental pollution. The dust and exhaust gas generated during the crushing process are relatively small, making them easier to control and handle.

[0093] In some examples of the present application, a roller pressing module 16 in a waste lithium battery crushing device includes:

[0094] Feed port 17, discharge port 18, monitoring unit 19, roller 20, servo motor 21, material platform 22, fixing mechanism 23;

[0095] The upper end of the feed port 17 is tightly connected to the servo motor 21, and the lower end of the feed port 17 is fixedly connected to the surface of the material platform 22; the discharge port 18 is fixedly connected to the feed port 17;

[0096] The monitoring unit 19 is fixed to the left end of the servo motor 21;

[0097] The roller pressing wheel 20 is fixedly connected to the servo motor 21 , and the roller pressing wheel 20 is perpendicular to the material platform 22 .

[0098] Specifically, the rolling module 16 consists of a feed port 17, a discharge port 18, a monitoring unit 19, a rolling wheel 20, a servo motor 21, a material platform 22, and a fixing mechanism 23. The upper end of the feed port 17 is fixedly connected to the servo motor 21, the lower end of the feed port 17 is fixedly connected to the surface of the material platform 22, the discharge port 18 is fixedly connected to the feed port 17, the monitoring unit 19 is fixed at the left end of the servo motor 21, the rolling wheel 20 is fixedly connected to the servo motor 21, and the rolling wheel 20 is perpendicular to the material platform 22. The servo motor 21 provides power to the rolling wheel 20. When the solid-liquid mixture processed by the hammer module 4 and a portion of the coarse black powder are transported by the first pulley group 2 to the feed port 17, the monitoring unit 19 first monitors the solid-liquid mixture to be rolled. If the rolling requirements are not met, it is directly discharged from the discharge port 18. If the rolling requirements are met, it enters from the feed port 17. The fixing mechanism 23 locks the rolling wheel 20, and the rolling wheel 20 vertically crushes the solid-liquid mixture to be rolled. After rolling, it is sent to the material platform 22.

[0099] It is understandable that after the monitoring unit 19 completes the data analysis, the solid-liquid mixture that meets the requirements is rolled. Rolling is a method of crushing materials through the compression force between two or more rollers. In the lithium battery recycling process, roller pressing is suitable for large-scale processing of lithium batteries, meeting the needs of industrial recycling and improving production efficiency. Roller crushing can further compress the object to be rolled, producing more uniform particles, which is helpful for subsequent separation and purification processes. By adjusting the roller spacing and pressure, the size of the crushed particles can be controlled to achieve precise crushing. Moreover, compared with direct high-impact crushing, roller crushing has lower noise, which helps to improve the working environment. After passing through the roller pressing module 16, the coarse black powder and solid-liquid mixture are further compressed to obtain coarse black powder and solid-liquid mixture with a higher purity.

[0100] In some examples of the present application, the speed control module 11 includes: a second adjusting knob 12, a speed indicator 13, and a second drive motor. The second drive motor is installed inside the speed control module 11, and the surface of the speed control module 11 is provided with a second adjusting knob 12 and a speed indicator 13. The speed indicator 13 is tightly connected to the surface of the speed control module 11, and the second adjusting knob 12 is embedded in the surface of the speed control module 11.

[0101] Specifically, the speed regulation module 11 can adjust the first pulley group 2. A second drive motor is installed inside the speed regulation module 11. A second adjustment knob 12 and a speed indicator 13 are provided on the surface of the speed regulation module 11. The speed indicator 13 is tightly connected to the surface of the speed regulation module 11. The second adjustment knob 12 is embedded in the surface of the speed regulation module 11. The second drive motor provides power to the first pulley group 2, so that the first pulley group 2 moves at a uniform speed.

[0102] It can be understood that the speed of the first pulley group 2 must match the speed of the gripper 5 of the hammer module 4 and the speed at which the solid-liquid mixture rolled by the rolling module 16 reaches the material platform 22. Too fast a speed will cause the solid-liquid mixture to be transported too fast, the monitoring unit 19 may not have a complete analysis, and the quality of rolling will also be affected. Too slow a speed will cause the solid-liquid mixture in the hammer module 4 to accumulate, and the gripper 5 will have to wait for the first pulley group 2 to be emptied before grabbing. Therefore, relevant personnel can check the speed indicator 13 and rotate the second adjustment button to adjust the speed.

[0103] In some examples of the present application, the crushing module 29 includes: an inlet 30, an air pump 31, an air jet unit 32, a crushing chamber 49, a circulation chamber 50, a discharge chamber 51, an acrylic plate 57, a handle 58, and a hinge 59;

[0104] Specifically, a crushing bin 49 and a circulation bin 50 are arranged in sequence from left to right inside the crushing module 29, and a discharge bin 51 is arranged at the bottom of the crushing bin 49; the feed port 30 is embedded in the upper surface of the crushing module 29, and several air pumps 31 are placed below the feed port 30. The air pump 31 is embedded in the upper surface of the crushing module 29, and the jet unit 32 is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the crushing bin 49; the acrylic plate 57 is attached to the back of the crushing bin 49 and the back of the circulation bin 50, the handle 58 is fixed on the left side of the acrylic plate 57, and the hinge 59 is tightly fixed to the back of the circulation bin 50.

[0105] Specifically, the solid-liquid mixture processed by the rolling module 16 is transported by the material platform 22 and the first pulley group 2 to the feed port 30 of the crushing module 29, and then slides into the crushing bin 49 under the influence of gravity. Several air pumps 31 are placed under the feed port 30. The air pumps 31 are preferably set to two. The air pumps 31 are embedded in the upper surface of the crushing module 29, and the jet unit 32 is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the crushing bin 49. The acrylic plate 57 is attached to the back of the crushing bin 49 and the back of the circulation bin 50. The handle 58 is fixed on the left side of the acrylic plate 57, and the hinge 59 is tightly fixed to the back of the circulation bin 50.

[0106] Understandably, in the process of cracking lithium batteries, the final crushing step uses inert gases such as nitrogen (N2) or argon (Ar). These inert gases prevent the lithium from reacting with oxygen or moisture in the air, thereby avoiding the risk of fire or explosion. Here are some reasons:

[0107] Prevent oxidation reactions: Lithium is a highly reactive metal that reacts easily with oxygen in the air to produce lithium oxide. Inert gases such as nitrogen or argon can isolate oxygen and prevent oxidation reactions.

[0108] Preventing moisture reactions: Lithium also reacts with moisture in the air to produce hydrogen and lithium hydroxide. This reaction is violent and can cause fire. Inert gas can prevent this reaction from happening.

[0109] Safe handling: The use of inert gas provides a relatively safe environment, helping to reduce the risk of accidents when handling and disassembling lithium batteries.

[0110] In the final crushing chamber 49, the solid-liquid mixture and the coarse black powder need to be crushed and purified. This step requires the addition of inert gas. Moreover, the movable acrylic plate 57 on the back of the crushing chamber 49 and the filter chamber can replace the filter screen 44 inside the crushing chamber 49, reducing the disassembly workload and ensuring the efficiency of the crushing of waste lithium batteries.

[0111] In some examples of the present application, the crushing chamber 49 includes:

[0112] Crushing motor 35, left coarse crushing gear 38, right coarse crushing gear 39, left transmission gear 40, right transmission gear 41, left fine crushing gear 42, right fine crushing gear 43, filter screen 44, vibrator 45, discharge plate 46;

[0113] The crushing motor 35 is located on the right side of the feed port 30. The crushing motor 35 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the crushing module 29. The output ends of the crushing motor 35 pass through the inner wall of the crushing chamber and are fixedly connected to the left coarse crushing gear 38 and the right coarse crushing gear 39.

[0114] Inside the crushing chamber 49, a left coarse crushing gear 38, a right coarse crushing gear 39, a left transmission gear 40, a right transmission gear 41, a left fine crushing gear 42, and a right fine crushing gear 43 are symmetrically distributed along the center line.

[0115] A filter screen 44 is provided directly below the left coarse crushing gear 38, the right coarse crushing gear 39, the left transmission gear 40, the right transmission gear 41, the left fine crushing gear 42, and the right fine crushing gear 43. The filter screen 44 is closely attached to the two side walls of the crushing chamber 49.

[0116] The left end of the filter screen 44 is tightly connected to the vibrator 45, and the vibrator 45 is fixedly connected to the left wall of the crushing chamber 49;

[0117] The discharge plates 46 are symmetrically distributed inside the crushing bin 49 along the center line. The upper ends of the discharge plates 46 are fixedly connected to the left wall and the right wall of the crushing bin 49 , and the lower ends of the discharge plates 46 are fixedly connected to the lower wall of the crushing bin 49 .

[0118] It can be understood that the crushing motor 35 provides power to the left coarse crushing gear 38, the right coarse crushing gear 39, and the vibrator 45. The crushing motor 35 drives the left coarse crushing gear 38 to rotate clockwise and the right coarse crushing gear 39 to rotate counterclockwise. The solid-liquid mixture crushed by the two coarse and fine gears falls into the filter screen 44 under gravity. The filter screen 44 filters out the fine purified matter, and the fine purified matter slides along the discharge plate 46 and is collected together. The coarse purified matter falls into the screen and is vibrated by the vibrator 45 to roll down.

[0119] In some examples of the present application, the crushing chamber 49 includes:

[0120] The left coarse crushing gear 38 and the right coarse crushing gear 39 are meshed with each other;

[0121] The left transmission gear 40 is meshed with the left coarse crushing gear 38 and the left fine crushing gear 42, and the right transmission gear 41 is meshed with the right coarse crushing gear 39 and the right fine crushing gear 43;

[0122] The left fine crushing gear 42 and the right fine crushing gear 43 are meshed with each other.

[0123] It will be appreciated that the crushing motor 35 provides power to the left coarse crushing gear 38 and the right coarse crushing gear 39. During crushing, the crushing motor 35 drives the left coarse crushing gear 38 to rotate clockwise and the right coarse crushing gear 39 to rotate counterclockwise. The left transmission gear 40 meshes with the left coarse crushing gear 38, rotating counterclockwise. The left transmission gear 40 meshes with the left fine crushing gear 42, rotating clockwise. The right transmission gear 41 meshes with the right coarse crushing gear 39, rotating clockwise. The right transmission gear 41 meshes with the right fine crushing gear 43, rotating counterclockwise.

[0124] A multi-stage gear system enables a highly efficient crushing process. Each stage is designed to better match operating conditions, thereby reducing energy consumption and improving energy efficiency. Multi-stage gear crushing effectively controls the particle size of the crushed material through step-by-step adjustment, resulting in more precise crushing of lithium batteries. Furthermore, graded crushing reduces the load on the crushing machinery and reduces mechanical stress during operation, thereby improving equipment stability and reliability and extending its service life. The multi-stage gear crushing system can crush solid-liquid mixtures more evenly, achieving higher purity.

[0125] In some examples of the present application, the circulation bin 50 includes: a material guide plate 33, a bearing groove 36, a screw rod 37, a circulation motor 48, a circulation inlet 47, and a circulation outlet 34;

[0126] A circulation inlet 47 and a circulation outlet 34 are provided on the contact surface between the crushing chamber 49 and the circulation chamber 50, and a guide plate 33 is provided on one side of the circulation outlet 34. The guide plate 33 is fixedly connected to the right wall of the crushing chamber 49.

[0127] The bottom of the circulation motor 48 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the circulation chamber 50, and the top output end of the circulation motor 48 is fixedly connected to the screw rod 37. The upper end of the screw rod 37 extends to the top of the circulation chamber 50. The top of the screw rod 37 contacts the circulation chamber 50 and a bearing groove 36 is placed. A bearing is provided in the bearing groove 36, and the bearing and the upper end of the screw rod 37 are fixedly connected.

[0128] As can be understood, during the crushing process, the solid-liquid mixture passes through the left coarse crushing gear 38, the right coarse crushing gear 39, the left fine crushing gear 42, and the right fine crushing gear 43. Coarse purified materials fall into the screen and are caused to slide downward by the vibrator 45. The bearing of the bearing slot 36 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the screw rod 37, allowing the screw rod 37 to rotate smoothly. When the coarse purified materials reach the circulation inlet 47 of the circulation chamber 50, the screw rod 37 is driven by the circulation motor 48 to move upward within the circulation chamber 50. When they reach the circulation outlet 34, the coarse purified materials slide downward along the guide plate 33 to the left coarse crushing gear 38 and the right coarse crushing gear 39. At this point, the coarse purified materials are crushed again to pass through the filter screen 44. Otherwise, they are crushed again until they can pass through the filter screen 44. This reciprocating crushing process converts the solid-liquid mixture into fine purified materials, further increasing their purity.

[0129] In some examples of the present application, the discharge bin 51 includes:

[0130] Condenser 52, drainage fan 53, support base 54, discharge bottle 55, crushing base 56;

[0131] A condenser 52 is provided on the right side of the discharge bin 51. The discharge bin 51 and the left end of the condenser 52 are tightly connected. The right end of the condenser 52 and the left end of the drainage fan 53 are tightly connected.

[0132] A support base 54 is provided at the bottom of the drainage fan 53 , and a discharge bottle 55 passes through the support base 54 .

[0133] It can be understood that, under the action of the crushing fine gear, the solid-liquid mixture obtains fine purified material, and the purity is further increased. The fine purified material slides along the discharge plate 46 under the influence of gravity. When it slides to the discharge bin 51, the fine purified material enters the condenser 52 through the drainage fan 53 for condensation to obtain black powder with higher purity. The black powder continues to move through the drainage fan 53, causing it to fall to the discharge bottle 55. The discharge bottle 55 is fixed by the support seat 54. Relevant personnel can take out the discharge bottle 55 and replace it according to the amount of black powder in the bottle.

[0134] The condenser 52 condenses the fine purified material. This condensation process effectively lowers the temperature inside the battery, reduces heat accumulation, and thus reduces the risk of accidents. During the crushing process, lithium batteries may generate significant heat due to friction and chemical reactions. Condensation can help control and reduce the release of this heat, preventing the formation and spread of hot spots, further reducing safety risks. Furthermore, during the lithium battery recycling process, condensation can help separate and recover valuable materials such as lithium, cobalt, and nickel. By controlling the temperature, these materials can be separated from the fine purified material in solid or liquid form, thereby achieving an efficient purification process. Furthermore, some organic solvents and volatile substances may be present in the fine purified material. Condensation can control and reduce the volatility of these substances, minimizing losses during the processing process and improving recovery rates and economic benefits. Furthermore, the condensation process helps control the volatilization and emission of materials within the battery, reducing the release of harmful gases. Through condensation, lithium battery crushing can be performed more safely and efficiently, ensuring improved processing efficiency and quality while reducing the complexity and cost of subsequent processing steps.

[0135] In some examples of this application, see Figure 5 As shown, the crushing device for waste lithium batteries also includes: the first pulley group 2 is tightly connected to the lower part of the spray unit 14, a plurality of spray heads 15 are provided on the surface of the spray unit 14, the lower part of the speed regulating module 11 is tightly connected to the first pulley group 2, the lower part of the rolling module 16 is tightly connected to the first pulley group 2, and the upper part of the feed port 30 is fixedly connected to the first pulley group 2.

[0136] Specifically, the first pulley group 2 and the spray unit 14 are tightly connected. The solid-liquid mixture processed from the hammer module 4 passes through several spray heads 15 arranged on the spray unit 14, and the spray heads 15 are preferably 6. The solid-liquid mixture is cooled and sent to the feed port 17 by the first pulley group 2. After being processed by the roller pressing module 16, the solid-liquid mixture is sent to the material platform 22. The material platform 22 is transported again by the first pulley group 2 until it is sent to the feed port 30 of the crushing module 29.

[0137] It can be understood that the spray head 15 sprays a dilute alkali solution, and the lithium battery is sent to the first wheel changing group by the gripper 5 through the hammer module 4. After the lithium battery is broken, the alkali solution can neutralize the electrolyte inside the battery cell. Harmful gases may be released when the battery is broken. The dilute alkali solution can help inhibit the release of these gases, reduce their corrosiveness and harm to the environment, and reduce harm to the human body. On the other hand, the solid-liquid mixture is cooled again to prevent it from exploding under the influence of high temperature through the rolling module 16.

[0138] The installation of six spray heads 15 allows for a wider coverage area, ensuring even distribution of the diluted alkali solution, avoiding blind spots, reducing liquid waste, and improving efficiency. If one spray head 15 fails, the others can continue to operate, enhancing the reliability and redundancy of the entire spray unit 14. A six-head spray unit 14 can be adjusted and configured to meet specific crushing requirements. Multiple spray heads 15 can more effectively reduce temperatures, preventing equipment overheating or damage.

[0139] In summary, the present invention discloses a device for crushing waste lithium batteries, comprising a base, a crushing unit, and a first pulley block. The crushing unit comprises: a hammer module, a roller pressing module, a speed regulating module, and a crushing module. The hammer module is located at the left end of the base, the speed regulating module is located at the right end of the hammer module, the roller pressing module is located at the right end of the speed regulating module, and the crushing module is located at the right end of the roller pressing module. A collection tube is placed on the left side of the base, and the bottom of the collection tube fits in with the base. Several support columns are provided in the middle of the base, the upper ends of the support columns are fixedly connected to the first pulley block, and the lower ends of the support columns are fixedly connected to the base. A crushing module is placed on the right side of the base, and the crushing base at the bottom of the crushing module is fixedly connected to the base. Through modular design, the probability of fire during the crushing process is reduced. The hammer module cooperates with the spray unit of the gripper to reduce the high temperature generated during crushing, protect the safety of the equipment, and extend the service life of the equipment. On the other hand, it can neutralize the electrolyte inside the battery cell to prevent the volatilization and decomposition of the electrolyte to produce highly corrosive hydrofluoric acid (HF). The roller pressing module further roller presses and separates the solid-liquid mixture to purify the black powder of the waste lithium battery. The crushing module then performs continuous crushing without the need for manual disassembly into single cells and then crushing. This reduces the generation of dust and even electrolyte leakage during the disassembly process, reducing damage to human health. After processing by the crushing module, the black powder of the waste lithium battery is further purified, and the filter screen does not need to rely on a hydraulic cylinder to lift the crusher cavity, reducing the disassembly workload and ensuring the efficiency of the waste lithium battery crushing.

[0140] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art will be able to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for crushing waste lithium batteries, characterized in that: include: Base, crushing unit and first pulley block; The crushing unit includes: a hammer module, a roller pressing module, a speed regulating module and a crushing module; The hammer module is located at the left end of the base, the speed regulating module is located at the right end of the hammer module, the roller pressing module is located at the right end of the speed regulating module, and the crushing module is located at the right end of the roller pressing module; A collection tube is placed on the left side of the base, and the bottom of the collection tube is in contact with the base; A plurality of support columns are provided in the middle of the base, the upper ends of the support columns are fixedly connected to the first pulley set, and the lower ends of the support columns are fixedly connected to the base; A crushing module is placed on the right side of the base, and a crushing base at the bottom of the crushing module is fixedly connected to the base.

2. The device for crushing waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hammer module comprises: A top cover, a hammering plate, a hammering rod, a support platform, a first adjustment knob, a temperature indicator, a pressure indicator, a gripper, a second pulley assembly, a first drive motor, and a support column; The second pulley groups are distributed on both sides of the top cover, the first drive motor is distributed on the lower part of the top cover, the middle position of the top cover is fixedly connected to the upper end of the hammer rod, and the lower end of the hammer rod is fixedly connected to the middle position of the hammer disk; A plurality of support columns are provided at the four corners of the top cover, and the support columns are fixedly connected to the top cover; The second pulley block is provided with a plurality of grippers, the grippers are fixedly connected to the second pulley block, and a liquid spraying unit is provided at the lower part of the grippers; The support platform is fixedly connected to the left end of the first pulley group, and the first adjusting knob, the temperature indicator, and the pressure indicator are fixedly connected to the support platform.

3. The device for crushing waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rolling module comprises: Feed port, discharge port, monitoring unit, roller, servo motor, material platform and fixing mechanism; The upper end of the feed port is fixedly connected to the servo motor, and the lower end of the feed port is fixedly connected to the surface of the material platform; The discharge port and the feed port are fixedly connected; The monitoring unit is fixed to the left end of the servo motor; The roller is fixedly connected to the servo motor, and the roller is perpendicular to the material platform.

4. The device for crushing waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The speed regulation module includes: a second adjustment knob, a speed indicator, and a second drive motor; The second driving motor is installed inside the speed regulation module; The surface of the speed regulating module is provided with the second regulating knob and the speed indicator; The speed indicator is fixedly connected to the surface of the speed regulating module, and the second regulating knob is engaged with the surface of the speed regulating module.

5. The device for crushing waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crushing module includes: Feed inlet, air pump, jet unit, crushing chamber, circulation chamber, discharge chamber, acrylic plate, handle and hinge; The crushing module is provided with the crushing bin and the circulation bin from left to right, and the discharge bin is provided at the bottom of the crushing bin; The feed port is embedded in the upper surface of the crushing module, and a plurality of air pumps are placed below the feed port. The air pumps are embedded in the upper surface of the crushing module, and the air injection unit is fixedly connected to the upper wall of the crushing bin; The acrylic plate is attached to the back of the crushing bin and the back of the circulation bin, the handle is fixed on the left side of the acrylic plate, and the hinge is fixedly connected to the back of the circulation bin.

6. The device for crushing waste lithium batteries according to claim 5, characterized in that: The crushing bin comprises: Crushing motor, left coarse crushing gear, right coarse crushing gear, left transmission gear, right transmission gear, left fine crushing gear, right fine crushing gear, filter screen, vibrator and discharge plate; The crushing motor is distributed on the right side of the feed port, the crushing motor is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the crushing module, the output ends of the crushing motor both pass through the inner wall of the crushing bin, and the output ends of the crushing motor are fixedly connected to the left coarse crushing gear and the right coarse crushing gear; The left coarse crushing gear, the right coarse crushing gear, the left transmission gear, the right transmission gear, the left fine crushing gear, and the right fine crushing gear are symmetrically distributed inside the crushing bin along the center line; The filter screen is arranged just below the left fine crushing gear and the right fine crushing gear, and the filter screen is fixed on the inner wall of the crushing bin; The left end of the filter screen is fixedly connected to the vibrator, and the vibrator is fixedly connected to the left wall of the crushing bin; The discharge plates are symmetrically distributed around the center line inside the crushing bin, the upper ends of the discharge plates are fixedly connected to the left wall of the crushing bin and the right wall of the crushing bin, and the lower ends of the discharge plates are fixedly connected to the lower wall of the crushing bin.

7. The device for crushing waste lithium batteries according to claim 6, characterized in that: include: The left coarse crushing gear and the right coarse crushing gear are meshed with each other; The left transmission gear, the left coarse crushing gear, and the left fine crushing gear are meshed with each other, and the right transmission gear, the right coarse crushing gear, and the right fine crushing gear are meshed with each other; The left fine crushing gear and the right fine crushing gear are meshed with each other.

8. The device for crushing waste lithium batteries according to claim 5, characterized in that: The circulation chamber comprises: Guide plate, bearing groove, screw rod, circulation motor, circulation inlet and circulation outlet; The contact surface between the crushing bin and the circulation bin is provided with the circulation inlet and the circulation outlet, and the material guide plate is provided on one side of the circulation outlet, and the material guide plate is fixedly connected to the right wall surface of the crushing bin; The bottom of the circulation motor is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the circulation bin, the top output end of the circulation motor is fixedly connected to the screw rod, the upper end of the screw rod extends to the top of the circulation bin, and the bearing groove is placed on the top of the circulation bin where the screw rod contacts the top, and a bearing is provided in the bearing groove, and the bearing and the upper end of the screw rod are fixedly connected.

9. The device for crushing waste lithium batteries according to claim 5, characterized in that: The discharge bin comprises: Condenser, drainage fan, support base, discharge bottle, crushing base; The condenser is arranged on the right side of the discharge bin, the discharge bin is fixedly connected to the left end of the condenser, and the right end of the condenser is fixedly connected to the left end of the drainage fan. The support base is provided at the bottom of the induced draft fan, and the discharge bottle passes through the support base.

10. The device for crushing waste lithium batteries according to claim 6, characterized in that: include: The first pulley assembly is fixedly connected to the lower part of the spray unit, and a plurality of spray heads are provided on the surface of the spray unit; The lower part of the speed regulating module is fixedly connected to the first pulley set; The lower part of the rolling module is fixedly connected to the first pulley set; The upper portion of the feed port is fixedly connected to the first pulley set.

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