Solar photovoltaic panel crushing equipment
Through multi-stage crushing and sorting solar photovoltaic panel crushing equipment, the problem of mixed components after crushing of photovoltaic panels is solved, efficient recycling of silicon, silver and copper is achieved, and the recycling purity is improved and energy consumption is reduced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422030451.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-15
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-08-21
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, the product components of solar photovoltaic panels are mixed after crushing, resulting in low recycling purity, high separation difficulty, and increased energy consumption.
A solar photovoltaic panel crushing equipment is designed, including primary crushing devices, secondary crushing devices, screening systems, electrostatic separation devices, etc. Through multi-stage crushing and sorting, precise extraction of silicon, silver and copper is achieved.
It improves recycling purity, reduces separation difficulty and energy consumption, and achieves efficient extraction of silicon, silver and copper.
Smart Images
Figure CN223222169U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of solar photovoltaic panel crushing, and more specifically, to a solar photovoltaic panel crushing device. Background Art
[0002] Solar photovoltaic panels primarily consist of glass, aluminum rims, silver, silicon, copper, rim conductors, backsheets, and PV panels. Precious metals silver and copper only account for 5% of the total. Existing techniques involve crushing photovoltaic panels into granules or powders for subsequent screening and recovery. This method has significant limitations. Due to the mixed composition of the crushed products, the purity of the recovered products is low, making them difficult to reuse. Furthermore, during the crushing process, the already separated glass granules are further pulverized into fine powders, which then mix with other material powders. This increases the difficulty of separation, reduces the purity of the recovered products, and increases energy consumption during the recycling process. Utility Model Content
[0003] (1) Technical problems solved
[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the utility model provides a solar photovoltaic panel crushing device to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background technology.
[0005] (2) Technical solution
[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a solar photovoltaic panel crushing equipment, comprising: a primary crushing device, one end of the primary crushing device is connected to an external device, and the other end of the primary crushing device is connected to the inlet of a secondary crushing device; a secondary crushing device, which comprises a first outlet and a second outlet, the first outlet is arranged at the bottom of the secondary crushing device, and the first outlet is connected to a screening system through a conveying system; the second outlet is connected to a secondary sorting device; the screening system, which comprises a first inlet, a third outlet, a fourth outlet, a second inlet, and a fifth outlet; the first inlet is connected to the first outlet, a ton bag is arranged below the third outlet, and the fourth outlet is connected to the second inlet; the fifth outlet is connected to the inlet of a lifting device, the outlet of the lifting device is connected to the inlet of a hopper, and the outlet of the hopper is connected to the inlet of an electrostatic separation device; a secondary sorting device, which comprises a sixth outlet for sorting out silicon-silver alloy and a seventh outlet connected to a silicon sorting device; a silicon sorting device, which comprises an eighth outlet for discharging pure silicon, the eighth outlet is connected to the inlet of a collector, and a collecting motor for extracting pure silicon is connected to the collector outlet.
[0007] The utility model is further configured as follows: a fixed plate is provided below the secondary crushing device, a first motor is fixedly connected above the fixed plate, the first motor is connected to one end of the stirring shaft through a transmission device, the end of the stirring shaft connected to the transmission device is also connected to a bearing seat, the other end of the stirring shaft is arranged inside the secondary crushing device, and a crushing assembly is fixedly connected to the stirring shaft to crush the silicon, silver, copper, backboard, EVA, etc. in the mainboard.
[0008] The present invention is further configured such that a second motor for discharging materials is provided at the bottom of the secondary crushing device.
[0009] The utility model is further configured such that a fan is provided at the second outlet of the secondary crushing device, and the fan is connected to the inlet of the secondary sorting device through a discharge pipe to provide power for the transportation of silicon and silver.
[0010] The utility model is further configured as follows: the conveying system includes a power device and a conveying pipeline, one end of the conveying pipeline is connected to the power device, and the other end of the conveying pipeline is connected to the first inlet of the screening system, the first outlet at the bottom of the secondary crushing device is connected to the side wall of the conveying pipeline close to one end of the power device, and a feed port is provided on the side wall of the conveying pipeline, and the feed port is connected to the first outlet to transport copper, backboard, EVA and other materials in the mainboard to the screening system.
[0011] The utility model is further configured such that the screening system consists of two parts: a screening device and a specific gravity screening device; the first inlet, the third outlet and the fourth outlet are arranged on the screening device; the second inlet and the fifth outlet are arranged on the specific gravity screening device; large pieces such as EVA1 and backboard are screened out in the screening device, and impurities other than copper are screened out in the specific gravity screening.
[0012] The utility model is further configured such that the material lifting device consists of a material lifting motor and a material lifting pipe. A ninth outlet is provided on the side wall of the material lifting pipe. The ninth outlet is connected to the hopper inlet. The hopper outlet is connected to the inlet of the electrostatic separation device. All the copper contained in the material is lifted out in the electrostatic separation device.
[0013] The present invention is further configured such that the electrostatic separation device is provided with a copper outlet, two copper outlets are provided and symmetrically distributed inside the electrostatic separation device, and the copper outlets are configured as an inverted trapezoidal structure.
[0014] (3) Beneficial effects
[0015] Compared with the existing technology, the utility model provides a solar photovoltaic panel crushing device with the following beneficial effects:
[0016] 1. The raw materials are processed through an automated process to remove the aluminum frame of the photovoltaic panel, and then 70% of the glass is removed by a high-temperature blade. The motherboard under the glass contains silver, silicon, copper and other substances. The glass and the motherboard are bonded by glue, so a high-temperature blade is used to peel off the motherboard, which effectively prevents the separated glass particles from being further crushed into fine powder during the crushing process and mixed with other material powders, reducing the difficulty of separation, improving the recycling purity, and reducing energy consumption in the recycling process.
[0017] 2. The design of the primary crushing device, secondary crushing device, fan, discharge pipe, and secondary sorting device will crush the motherboard separated from the glass into different states. The primary crushing device will crush the motherboard into small pieces, which will enter the secondary crushing device to crush the silicon, silver, copper, backboard, EVA, etc. in the motherboard. After crushing, the silicon and silver will be crushed into powder. The fan will extract the powdered silicon and silver from the second outlet, draw them into the discharge pipe, and then enter the secondary sorting device to extract the silicon and silver. The classified pure silicon will be discharged through the seventh outlet of the secondary sorting device, enter the silicon sorting device, and then be discharged from the eighth outlet of the silicon sorting device. It will be collected in the collector under the action of the collection motor, and the silicon-silver alloy will be discharged from the sixth outlet of the secondary sorting device, thus realizing the extraction of silicon and silver.
[0018] 3. Design of the conveying system, screening system, and electrostatic separation device. The conveying system transports the copper, backboard, EVA and other materials in the mainboard to the screening system. After screening, the EVA and backboard are discharged from the first outlet, and the copper mixed with small particles of glue and other materials are discharged from the third outlet. They enter the specific gravity separation device through the second inlet, and impurities other than copper are extracted for the second time. After the secondary extraction, the copper enters the electrostatic separation device to extract all the copper contained in the material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] Figure 1 This is a top view of the overall structure of a solar photovoltaic panel crushing device in the present utility model;
[0020] Figure 2 This is a front view of the overall structure of a solar photovoltaic panel crushing device in the utility model.
[0021] Figure 1-Figure 2In: 1. Primary crushing device; 2. Secondary crushing device; 201. First outlet; 202. Second outlet; 203. Fixed plate; 204. First motor; 205. Transmission device; 206 Agitator shaft; 207 Bearing seat; 208 Second motor; 209. Fan; 210. Discharge pipe; 3. Power device; 4. Conveying pipeline; 41. Feed inlet; 5. Screening device; 51. First inlet; 52. Third outlet; 53. Fourth outlet; 6. Specific gravity screening device; 61. Second inlet; 62. Fifth outlet; 7. Secondary sorting device; 71. Sixth outlet; 72. Seventh outlet; 8. Ton bag; 9. Lifting pipeline; 91. Ninth outlet; 10. Lifting motor; 11. Hopper; 12. Electrostatic separator; 121. Copper outlet; 13. Silicon sorting device; 131. Eighth outlet; 14. Collector; 141. Collecting motor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0022] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.
[0023] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by ordinary technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs.
[0024] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, directions such as "up" and "down" are usually used in relation to the directions shown in the accompanying drawings, or in relation to the vertical, perpendicular or gravity directions; however, the above-mentioned directions are not used to limit the present invention.
[0025] See also Figure 1-2A solar photovoltaic panel crushing device comprises: a primary crushing device 1, one end of the primary crushing device 1 is connected to an external device, and the other end of the primary crushing device 1 is connected to the inlet of a secondary crushing device 2; the secondary crushing device 2 comprises a first outlet 201 and a second outlet 202, the first outlet 201 is arranged at the bottom of the secondary crushing device 2, and the first outlet 201 is connected to a screening system through a conveying system; the second outlet 202 is connected to a secondary sorting device 7; the screening system comprises a first inlet 51, a third outlet 52, a fourth outlet 53, a second inlet 61, and a fifth outlet 62; the first inlet 51 The first outlet 201 is connected, a ton bag 8 is arranged below the third outlet 52, and the fourth outlet 53 is connected to the second inlet 61; the fifth outlet 62 is connected to the inlet of the lifting device, the outlet of the lifting device is connected to the inlet of the hopper 11, and the outlet of the hopper 11 is connected to the inlet of the electrostatic separation device 12; the secondary sorting device 7 includes a sixth outlet 71 for sorting out silicon-silver alloy and a seventh outlet 72 connected to the silicon sorting device 13; the silicon sorting device 13 includes an eighth outlet 131 for discharging pure silicon, and the eighth outlet 131 is connected to the inlet of the collector 14, and the collector 14 outlet is connected to a collection motor 141 for extracting pure silicon.
[0026] In this embodiment, when it is necessary to extract silicon and silver, the raw material is subjected to an automated procedure to remove the aluminum frame of the photovoltaic panel, and then the glass is removed by a high-temperature blade. The mainboard is crushed into small pieces after passing through the primary crushing device 1 and enters the secondary crushing device 2 to crush the mainboard. After crushing, the silicon and silver are crushed into powder. The fan 209 draws the powdered silicon and silver into the discharge pipe 210, and enters the secondary sorting device 7 through the discharge pipe 210 to extract the silicon and silver. The classified pure silicon is discharged through the seventh outlet 72 of the secondary sorting device 7, enters the silicon sorting device 13, and is discharged from the eighth outlet 131 of the silicon sorting device 13. It enters the collector 14 for collection under the action of the collecting motor 141, and the silicon-silver alloy is discharged from the sixth outlet 71 of the secondary sorting device 7. When copper is extracted, the copper, adhesive, EVA and other substances in the mainboard are discharged through the secondary sorting device 7. The secondary crushing device 2 is discharged from the first outlet 201 at the bottom. A second motor 208 for discharging is provided at the bottom of the secondary crushing device 2. Copper, adhesive, EVA and other materials are driven by the second motor 208. The conveying system transports the materials to the screening device. After screening, large pieces of EVA, backboard and other materials are discharged from the third outlet 52 and enter the ton bag 8 for storage. Copper mixed with small particles is discharged through the fourth outlet 83 and enters the specific gravity screening device 6 through the second inlet 61. Impurities other than copper are extracted for the second time through the specific gravity screening device 6. The copper after the secondary extraction is discharged from the fifth outlet 62 and enters the feeding pipe 9. Under the action of the feeding motor 10, it flows out from the ninth outlet 91 of the feeding pipe 9, passes through the inlet of the hopper 11 connected to the ninth outlet 91, and flows out into the electrostatic separation device 12, and all the copper is extracted.
[0027] See also Figure 2 As an implementation method of a solar photovoltaic panel crushing device for a screening system: copper, backboard, EVA and other materials in the mainboard are discharged through the first outlet 201 of the secondary crushing device 2, and copper, backboard and other materials enter the conveying pipe 4 from the feed port 41 on the conveying pipe 4. Driven by the power device 3, they enter the screening device 5 of the screening system from the first inlet 51. After screening, large pieces of EVA, backboard and other materials enter the ton bag 8 from the third outlet 52. The screened copper mixed with small particles of glue and other materials are discharged through the fourth outlet 53 of the screening device 5 and enter the specific gravity screening device 6 from the second inlet 61 of the specific gravity screening device 6. Impurities other than copper are extracted for a second time by the specific gravity screening device 6. The copper after the second extraction enters the feeding pipe 9 again, and enters the hopper 11 driven by the feeding motor 10, and then flows out from the outlet of the hopper 11 into the electrostatic separation device 12. After passing through the electrostatic separation device 12, the copper contained in the material is extracted and discharged from the copper outlet 121. There are two copper outlets 121, which are symmetrically distributed inside the electrostatic separation device 12. The copper outlets 121 are set as an inverted trapezoidal structure.
[0028] See also Figure 1 A fixed plate 203 is provided below the secondary crushing device 2. A first motor 204 is fixedly connected to the fixed plate 203. The first motor 204 is connected to one end of a stirring shaft 206 via a transmission device 205. The end of the stirring shaft 206 connected to the transmission device 205 is also connected to a bearing seat 207. The other end of the stirring shaft 206 is disposed within the secondary crushing device 2. A crushing assembly is fixedly connected to the stirring shaft 206. The transmission device 205 can be configured as a belt, and the crushing assembly can be configured as stirring blades or blades.
[0029] In summary, when the overall equipment is in use or running: when the photovoltaic panels need to be crushed and screened, the aluminum frame of the photovoltaic panels is first removed through an automated program, and then 70% of the glass is removed by a high-temperature knife. Because the motherboard under the glass contains silver, silicon, copper and other substances, the combination of glass and motherboard is adhesive, so a high-temperature blade is used to peel off the motherboard.
[0030] When extracting silicon and silver from the motherboard, the motherboard is crushed into small pieces by a primary crushing device 1 and then enters a secondary crushing device 2. The transmission device 205 is driven to rotate by the first motor 204, which drives the stirring shaft 206 to rotate. The crushing components on the stirring shaft 206 crush the silicon, silver, copper, backboard, EVA, etc. in the motherboard. After crushing, the silicon and silver are crushed into powder, and the silicon and silver are discharged from the second outlet 202 of the secondary crushing device 2. Driven by the fan 209, they enter the secondary sorting device 7 through the discharge pipe 210. The pure silicon after sorting passes through the silicon sorting device 13 and enters the rear-end collector 14. The silicon-silver alloy is discharged from the sixth outlet 71 of the secondary sorting device 7.
[0031] When extracting copper from the main board, the copper, backboard, EVA and other materials on the main board in the secondary crushing device 2 are discharged through the first outlet 201 below the secondary crushing device 2 and driven by the second motor 208, and enter the conveying pipe 4 through the feed port 41 on the conveying pipe 4. Driven by the power device 3, they enter the screening device 5 through the first inlet 51. After screening, large pieces of EVA, backboard and other materials are discharged from the third outlet 52 and enter the ton bag 8 for storage. Copper mixed with small particles of glue and other materials enter the specific gravity screening device 6 through the fourth outlet 53 of the screening device 5 and the second inlet 61 of the specific gravity screening device 6. After screening, impurities other than copper are extracted for the second time. The extracted copper is discharged from the fifth outlet 62 of the specific gravity screening device 6 and enters the material raising pipe 9. Under the power of the material raising motor 10, it enters the hopper 11 from the ninth outlet 91, and then enters the electrostatic separation device 12 from the outlet of the hopper 11. The electrostatic separation device 12 extracts all the copper contained in the material, and the extracted copper flows out from the copper outlet 121.
[0032] In all the schemes mentioned above, it is understandable to those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A solar photovoltaic panel crushing device, characterized in that: include: A primary crushing device (1), one end of the primary crushing device (1) is connected to an external device, and the other end of the primary crushing device (1) is connected to an inlet of a secondary crushing device (2); The secondary crushing device (2) comprises a first outlet (201) and a second outlet (202), wherein the first outlet (201) is arranged at the bottom of the secondary crushing device (2), and the first outlet (201) is connected to the screening system via a conveying system; the second outlet (202) is connected to the secondary sorting device (7); The screening system comprises a first inlet (51), a third outlet (52), a fourth outlet (53), a second inlet (61), and a fifth outlet (62); the first inlet (51) is connected to the first outlet (201), a ton bag (8) is provided below the third outlet (52), and the fourth outlet (53) is connected to the second inlet (61); the fifth outlet (62) is connected to the inlet of the lifting device, the outlet of the lifting device is connected to the inlet of the hopper (11), and the outlet of the hopper (11) is connected to the inlet of the electrostatic separation device (12); The secondary sorting device (7) comprises a sixth outlet (71) for sorting out the silicon-silver alloy, a seventh outlet (72) connected to the sixth outlet (71), and the other end of the seventh outlet is connected to the silicon sorting device (13); The silicon separation device (13) comprises an eighth outlet (131) for discharging pure silicon, the eighth outlet (131) being connected to the inlet of the collector (14), and the outlet of the collector (14) being connected to a collecting motor (141) for extracting pure silicon.
2. The solar photovoltaic panel crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixed plate (203) is provided below the secondary crushing device (2), a first motor (204) is fixedly connected above the fixed plate (203), the first motor (204) is connected to one end of a stirring shaft (206) via a transmission device (205), the end of the stirring shaft (206) connected to the transmission device (205) is also connected to a bearing seat (207), the other end of the stirring shaft (206) is provided inside the secondary crushing device (2), and a crushing assembly is fixedly connected to the stirring shaft (206).
3. The solar photovoltaic panel crushing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A second motor (208) for discharging is provided at the bottom of the secondary crushing device (2).
4. The solar photovoltaic panel crushing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second outlet (202) of the secondary crushing device (2) is provided with a fan (209), and the fan (209) is connected to the inlet of the secondary sorting device (7) via a discharge pipe (210).
5. The solar photovoltaic panel crushing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying system comprises a power device (3) and a conveying pipeline (4), one end of the conveying pipeline (4) is connected to the power device (3), the other end of the conveying pipeline (4) is connected to the first inlet (51) of the screening system, the first outlet (201) at the bottom of the secondary crushing device (2) is connected to the side wall of the conveying pipeline (4) near one end of the power device (3), and a feed port (41) is provided on the side wall of the conveying pipeline (4), and the feed port (41) is connected to the first outlet (201).
6. The solar photovoltaic panel crushing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The screening system consists of two parts: a screening device (5) and a specific gravity screening device (6); a first inlet (51), a third outlet (52), and a fourth outlet (53) are provided on the screening device (5); and a second inlet (61) and a fifth outlet (62) are provided on the specific gravity screening device (6).
7. The solar photovoltaic panel crushing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material lifting device consists of a material lifting motor (10) and a material lifting pipe (9). A ninth outlet (91) is provided on the side wall of the material lifting pipe (9). The ninth outlet (91) is connected to the inlet of the hopper (11), and the outlet of the hopper (11) is connected to the inlet of the electrostatic separation device (12).
8. The solar photovoltaic panel crushing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The electrostatic separation device (12) is provided with a copper outlet (25), two of the copper outlets (25) are provided and symmetrically distributed inside the electrostatic separation device (12), and the copper outlets (25) are arranged in an inverted trapezoidal structure.