An electrostatic separation dust removal device and process for waste circuit boards

Abstract

The present invention discloses an electrostatic separation and dust removal device for waste circuit boards and a process thereof, and the present invention relates to the technical field of dust removal for waste circuit board recycling and processing. The electrostatic separation and dust removal device for waste circuit boards comprises a bracket, a dust hopper fixedly connected to the upper part of the bracket, and a dust suction pipe connected to the upper part of the bracket. The dust suction pipe is provided with a replacement dust filter portion for automatically linearly replacing the filter element when dusting the circuit board. An immersion dust removal portion for moistening and dissolving dust for further collection is provided on the bracket and below the dust hopper. A cover assembly is detachably provided between the rectangular tube, the first strip through slot, and the second strip through slot. The present invention realizes the sequential rotation of the filter element by arranging multiple dust filter assemblies at equal distances and arranging them in sequence along the dust suction airflow direction. When replacing, only the first dust filter assembly that is saturated at the air outlet needs to be removed, and the remaining assemblies automatically move forward to replace the position under the action of their own weight, thereby simplifying the filter element replacement process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dust removal technology in the recycling and processing of waste circuit boards, specifically to an electrostatic separation dust removal device and process for waste circuit boards. Background Technology

[0002] Circuit boards, as a crucial component of electronic products, contain a large amount of valuable metals (such as copper, gold, and silver) and non-metallic materials (such as epoxy resin and fiberglass). Due to their complex structure and mixed components, waste circuit boards require effective recycling through scientific methods. One of the mainstream recycling methods is physical sorting, where electrostatic separation efficiently distinguishes between conductive and non-conductive materials. However, the crushing, screening, and electrostatic sorting processes of waste circuit boards generate a large amount of dust. This dust has a wide particle size distribution, is easily floated, and some particles are conductive. If not treated promptly, it can cause equipment malfunctions (such as short circuits and dust accumulation), increase operational risks, and lead to environmental pollution and violations of emission standards. Therefore, industrial dust collection equipment is typically used to effectively collect and treat this dust.

[0003] Filters in dust collection equipment need to be replaced regularly. Most existing industrial dust collection devices use a parallel filter structure for filtration. However, since airflow is usually directional, filter elements near the air inlet are more prone to dust accumulation, resulting in a much shorter service life than those in other locations. Traditional replacement methods require complete removal and individual operation of multiple filter elements. The replacement process involves several steps, including shutting down the machine and disconnecting the power, hanging safety warnings, preparing necessary tools and new filter elements, opening the dust collection chamber, loosening the fasteners and removing the old filter element, inserting the new filter element and installing it into the dust collection chamber with bolts. This process is not only complex and time-consuming, but also reduces the efficiency of dust collection operations.

[0004] Currently, the most commonly used dust removal device is the exhaust-type dust collection system, which is usually equipped with a parallel filter structure for dust filtration. Although it has a good handling capacity for medium and large dust particles, traditional exhaust-type dust collection systems have low capture efficiency for finer dust particles. These fine dust particles are easily dispersed with the airflow, causing secondary pollution and affecting air quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an electrostatic separation dust removal device and process for waste circuit boards, which solves the technical problems of existing industrial dust removal devices, which mostly adopt a parallel filter cartridge exhaust structure. The airflow directionality leads to serious dust accumulation on the filter cartridges near the air inlet. Filter cartridge replacement requires machine shutdown, disassembly, and individual operation, which is cumbersome. At the same time, the device has insufficient ability to capture fine dust, which can easily cause dispersion and secondary pollution.

[0006] This invention provides an electrostatic separation and dust removal device for waste circuit boards, comprising a support frame, a dust collection hopper fixedly connected to the upper part of the support frame, and a dust collection pipe connected to the upper part of the support frame. The dust collection pipe is equipped with a replacement-type dust filter section for automatically linearly shifting and replacing the filter element during circuit board dust removal. An immersion-type dust removal section is disposed on the support frame and below the dust collection hopper for wetting and dissolving dust for further collection. The replacement-type dust filter section includes a rectangular tube embedded in and connected to the dust collection pipe. The upper and lower walls of the rectangular tube are provided with channels, and the two channels slide equidistantly together. The system is equipped with several dust filter components. During the replacement operation, multiple remaining dust filter components are used to combine with each other and move in the opposite direction along the airflow direction, so that the dust filter component originally located in the second position is moved to the first position, thereby completing the automatic replacement of the dust filter component. The left side of the front wall panel of the rectangular tube has a strip-shaped channel one for taking out the dust filter component filled with dust, and the right side of the front wall panel of the rectangular tube has a strip-shaped channel two for inserting the new dust filter component during the replacement operation. A sealing assembly is detachably provided between the rectangular tube, the strip-shaped channel one, and the strip-shaped channel two.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the immersion dust removal unit includes a box body that is fixedly connected to a support by a fixing rod and has an open upper part. Two symmetrically distributed bearing rings are fixedly connected between the front and rear walls of the box body. A screen cylinder is rotatably connected to both bearing rings. A shovel assembly is provided between the screen cylinder and the bearing ring located on the right. A receiving pipe located in the screen cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the right wall panel of the box body. The receiving pipe is inclined with the left side higher than the right side. A filter screen is embedded in the left side of the bottom wall panel of the receiving pipe.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the dust filter assembly includes two vertically symmetrically distributed strip seats that slide against a channel. A rectangular frame is fixedly connected between the two strip seats. A rectangular pressure frame is detachably connected to the left side of the rectangular frame by bolts. A filter plate is provided between the rectangular pressure frame and the rectangular frame.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the capping assembly includes a rectangular sleeve fixedly connected to the upper end face of a rectangular tube, a U-shaped insert plate slidably connected in the rectangular sleeve, two vertical sections of the insert plate being located in a first strip groove and a second strip groove, respectively, a limiting hole being formed in the horizontal section of the insert plate, and a threaded rod that mates with the limiting hole being threadedly connected to the rectangular sleeve.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the shovel assembly includes several strip plates circumferentially and equidistantly fixed to the inner wall of the screen cylinder, and a bucket hinged to the side of the strip plates near the axis of the screen cylinder. The side wall of the bucket near the axis of the screen cylinder has several mesh groups equidistantly opened. Several sliding rods corresponding to the strip plates are circumferentially and equidistantly slidably connected to the screen cylinder, and a limit spring is fixedly connected between the sliding rods and the screen cylinder. A connecting rod is hinged between the end of the sliding rod near the axis of the screen cylinder and the bucket. An arc-shaped plate for cooperating with the sliding rod is fixedly connected to the upper right side of the bearing ring.

[0011] In one possible implementation, a drive motor is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the housing, and the output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the screen cylinder via a pulley.

[0012] In one possible implementation, an input pipe extending into the screen cylinder is fixedly connected to the left side of the upper end face of the box body, a guide shovel is fixedly connected to the bracket and located below the receiving pipe, and two annular baffles are fixedly connected symmetrically to the left and right sides of the inner wall of the screen cylinder.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the left end face of the strip seat is provided with a plurality of positioning slots at equal intervals, and the right end face of the strip seat is fixedly connected with a plurality of positioning tongues that complement the positioning slots at equal intervals.

[0014] In one possible implementation, a number of ball bearings are equidistantly and rotatably connected to the side of the strip seat away from the rectangular frame, and the ball bearings are arranged in two rows symmetrically on the left and right sides. A rectangular elastic rubber strip is fixedly connected to the side of the strip seat away from the rectangular frame.

[0015] A waste circuit board electrostatic separation dust removal process is completed using a waste circuit board electrostatic separation dust removal device, including the following steps: S1, dust guidance: the dust generated during the electrostatic separation process is guided into the supplementary dust filter section by a negative pressure fan.

[0016] S2. Dust removal and filtration: The dust-laden gas is filtered in multiple steps using a supplementary dust filter section to remove most of the dust.

[0017] S3. Further dust removal: The metal particles and attached fine dust screened out by electrostatic separation are passed into the immersion dust removal section, where the immersion liquid is used to adsorb and settle the remaining fine dust.

[0018] S4. Dust collection: Periodically remove the dust from the replenishment dust filter section and the immersion dust collector section, and collect them together for unified treatment.

[0019] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0020] In this invention, by arranging multiple dust filter components at equal intervals and sequentially along the direction of the suction airflow, compared to the traditional parallel filter structure which requires disassembly of the entire chamber or individual operation, this design only requires removing the first saturated dust filter component closest to the air vent when replacing the filter. The remaining dust filter components shift one position under their own weight, so that the dust filter component originally located in the second position closest to the air vent automatically moves to the first position. This achieves sequential rotation of the filter, significantly optimizing the filter replacement process. It eliminates the need for repeated disassembly and reassembly of the entire chamber, and filter replacement can be completed simply by single-point removal and overall sliding.

[0021] In this invention, by directly introducing the metal containing fine dust after electrostatic separation into the immersion dust removal unit, the dust is fully adsorbed and dissolved in the liquid medium, effectively capturing fine dust at the source, preventing it from escaping with the airflow, ensuring more thorough dust removal, improving the overall dust removal effect, and avoiding the situation where fine particles cannot be captured, which would cause secondary pollution. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the electrostatic separation and dust removal device for waste circuit boards provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional installation structure of the supplementary dust filter section provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a front-view cross-sectional structural diagram of the supplementary dust filter section provided by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the dust filter assembly structure provided by the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the dust filter assembly provided by the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the immersion dust removal unit provided by the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the immersion dust removal unit provided by the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the material shovel assembly provided by the present invention from a front view.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the installation of a portion of the material shovel assembly provided by the present invention.

[0032] The above drawings include the following reference numerals:

[0033] 1. Support frame; 2. Dust collection bucket; 3. Dust collection pipe; 4. Replacement dust filter section; 41. Rectangular tube; 42. Dust filter assembly; 421. Strip seat; 422. Rectangular frame; 423. Rectangular pressure frame; 424. Filter plate; 43. Strip through groove one; 44. Strip through groove two; 45. Cover assembly; 451. Rectangular sleeve; 452. Insert plate; 453. Limiting hole; 454. Threaded rod; 5. Immersion dust collection section; 51. Box body; 52. Bearing ring; 53. Screen cylinder; 54. Material shovel assembly; 541. Strip plate; 542. Bucket; 543. Slide rod; 544. Connecting rod; 545. Arc plate; 55. Receiving pipe; 6. Drive motor; 7. Input pipe; 8. Guide shovel; 9. Positioning slot; 10. Positioning tongue; 11. Ball bearing. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more readily apparent, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following description sets forth numerous specific details to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0035] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: an electrostatic separation dust removal device for waste circuit boards, including a support 1, a dust collection hopper 2 fixedly connected to the upper part of the support 1, and a dust collection pipe 3 connected to the upper part of the support 1. The dust collection pipe 3 is provided with a supplementary dust filter 4 for automatically linearly shifting and replacing the filter element when removing dust from the circuit board. An immersion dust removal section 5 is provided on the support 1 and below the dust collection hopper 2 for wetting and dissolving dust for further collection.

[0036] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3In this embodiment, the replacement dust filter unit 4 includes a rectangular tube 41 embedded and connected to the dust suction pipe 3. The upper and lower walls of the rectangular tube 41 are provided with channels. Several dust filter components 42 are equidistantly arranged between the two channels. During the replacement operation, the multiple remaining dust filter components 42 are used to combine with each other and move in the opposite direction along the airflow direction, so that the dust filter component 42 originally located in the second position is moved to the first position to complete the automatic replacement of the dust filter component 42. The left side of the front wall of the rectangular tube 41 is provided with a strip-shaped channel 43 for taking out the dust filter component 42 filled with dust. The right side of the front wall of the rectangular tube 41 is provided with a strip-shaped channel 44 for inserting the new dust filter component 42 during the replacement operation. A capping component 45 is detachably provided between the rectangular tube 41, the strip-shaped channel 43 and the strip-shaped channel 44.

[0037] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 The dust filter assembly 42 includes two symmetrically distributed strip seats 421 that slide against the channel. A rectangular frame 422 is fixedly connected between the two strip seats 421. A rectangular pressure frame 423 is detachably connected to the left diagonal of the rectangular frame 422 by bolts. Two screw holes are opened on the left end face of the rectangular frame 422 along its own diagonal direction, and bolts are threaded into the screw holes. Two insertion holes that cooperate with the bolts are opened on the rectangular pressure plate. A filter plate 424 is arranged between the rectangular pressure frame 423 and the rectangular frame 422. Several positioning slots 9 are equidistantly opened on the left end face of the strip seat 421. Several positioning tongues 10 that complement the positioning slots 9 are fixedly connected at equal intervals on the right end face of the strip seat 421. Several balls 11 are equidistantly embedded and rotatably connected on the side of the strip seat 421 away from the rectangular frame 422, and the balls 11 are arranged in two rows symmetrically on the left and right sides. A rectangular elastic rubber strip is fixedly connected on the side of the strip seat 421 away from the rectangular frame 422.

[0038] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The capping assembly 45 includes a rectangular sleeve 451 fixedly connected to the upper end face of the rectangular tube 41. An inverted U-shaped insert plate 452 is slidably connected in the rectangular sleeve 451. The two vertical sections of the insert plate 452 are located in the first strip groove 43 and the second strip groove 44, respectively. A limiting hole 453 is opened in the horizontal section of the insert plate 452. A threaded rod 454 that mates with the limiting hole 453 is threadedly connected to the rectangular sleeve 451.

[0039] The electrostatic separation device is installed on the bracket 1 and located directly below the dust collection hopper 2. The dust collection hopper 2 is located above the electrostatic separation device. While the electrostatic separation device is running, the external negative pressure fan draws the dust collection pipe 3, thereby drawing the dust generated during the electrostatic separation process. The dust enters the dust collection pipe 3 through the dust collection hopper 2, and then flows through the rectangular tube 41. As the dust flows from left to right, it is intercepted by multiple equally spaced filter plates 424. The first dust filter assembly 42 from the left accumulates the most dust and is therefore the first to be completely blocked.

[0040] When periodically replacing the dust filter assembly 42, manually rotate the threaded rod 454 to move it backward, so that the threaded rod 454 is removed from the limiting hole 453. Then, manually pull the insert plate 452 upward until the first strip groove 43 and the second strip groove 44 are fully open. Then, manually pull the first rectangular frame 422 from the left forward to pull it out from the first strip groove 43. The remaining dust filter assembly 42 then slides automatically to the left under the tilting action of the rectangular tube 41. (At this time, the ball bearing 11 is used to make it easier for the dust filter assembly 42 to slide in the rectangular tube 41, and the rectangular elastic rubber strip touches the groove to ensure the sealing between the strip seat 421 and the groove.) This fills the empty position of the first dust filter assembly 42 from the left until the second dust filter assembly 42 from the left moves to the original position of the first dust filter assembly 42 from the left.

[0041] Subsequently, a new dust filter assembly 42 is taken and inserted into the second strip slot 44 and pushed backward. During the backward movement of the first dust filter assembly 42 from the right, the positioning slot 9 located on the left side of the strip seat 421 will be fitted onto the outside of the adjacent positioning tongue 10. (By interlocking the positioning tongues 10 and positioning slots 9 in the adjacent dust filter assemblies 42, the overall integrity of the dust filter assemblies 42 connected together can be enhanced.)

[0042] Finally, manually press down on the insert plate 452 to move it down. After the insert plate 452 has moved down completely, it will seal the first strip groove 43 and the second strip groove 44. Then, manually rotate the threaded rod 454 in the opposite direction. The threaded rod 454 will move forward until it is inserted into the limiting hole 453, which will limit the downward-moved insert plate 452.

[0043] The replaced dust filter assembly 42 can be removed by loosening the two bolts on its left side. Then, the rectangular pressure frame 423 can be removed, and the filter plate 424 can be taken off. A new filter plate 424 is placed into the rectangular frame 422. Then, the rectangular pressure frame 423 is placed into the rectangular frame 422, and the bolts are tightened so that the rectangular pressure frame 423 tightly presses the filter plate 424 onto the rectangular frame 422. When replacing the first dust filter assembly 42 from the left, the dust filter assembly 42 with the replaced filter plate 424 can be placed back into the rectangular tube 41.

[0044] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In this embodiment, the immersion dust removal unit 5 includes a box 51 with an open top, which is fixedly connected to the support 1 by a fixing rod. Two symmetrically distributed bearing rings 52 are fixedly connected between the front and rear walls of the box 51. A screen cylinder 53 is rotatably connected to both bearing rings 52. A shovel assembly 54 is provided between the screen cylinder 53 and the bearing ring 52 located on the right. A receiving pipe 55 located in the screen cylinder 53 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the right wall of the box 51. The receiving pipe 55 is inclined with the left side higher than the right side. A filter screen is embedded in the left side of the bottom wall panel. A drive motor 6 is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the box 51. The output shaft of the drive motor 6 is connected to the screen cylinder 53 through a belt pulley. An input pipe 7 that extends into the screen cylinder 53 is fixedly connected to the left side of the upper end face of the box 51. A guide shovel 8 is fixedly connected to the bracket 1 and located below the receiving pipe 55. Two annular baffles are fixedly connected symmetrically to the left and right sides of the inner wall of the screen cylinder 53. The annular baffles are used to block the metal particles entering the screen cylinder 53 and prevent the metal particles from falling into the box 51.

[0045] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The shovel assembly 54 includes several strip plates 541 that are circumferentially and equidistantly fixed to the inner wall of the screen cylinder 53, and a bucket 542 that is hinged to the side of the strip plates 541 near the axis of the screen cylinder 53. Several mesh groups are equidistantly opened on the side wall of the bucket 542 near the axis of the screen cylinder 53. Several sliding rods 543 corresponding to the strip plates 541 are circumferentially and equidistantly slidably connected to the screen cylinder 53. The sliding rods 543 and the screen cylinder 53 are fixedly connected together by a limit spring. The end of the sliding rod 543 near the axis of the screen cylinder 53 is hinged together with the bucket 542 by a connecting rod 544. An arc plate 545 for cooperating with the sliding rod 543 is fixedly connected to the upper right side of the bearing ring 52.

[0046] Water is first injected into the housing 51, with the water level submerging the lower part of the screen cylinder 53. Metal particles separated by the electrostatic separation device directly enter the input pipe 7. The metal particles, mixed with fine dust, then enter the screen cylinder 53. The metal particles are intercepted by the screen cylinder 53, while the dust dissolves in the water in the housing 51. The drive motor 6 is then activated, driving the screen cylinder 53 to rotate via the pulley. The screen cylinder 53 then drives the shovel assembly 54. Initially, the bucket 542 and the strip plate 541 in the shovel assembly 54 are in a close-fitting state. As the screen cylinder 53 rotates, the bucket 542 and the strip plate 541, which are in close-fitting state, move together, moving the material inside the screen cylinder 53. The metal particles at the bottom of the chamber are scooped up. When the screen cylinder 53 moves the bucket 542 to the upper position, the slide rod 543 will abut against the inclined surface of the arc plate 545 and be pressed towards the axis of the screen cylinder 53. The slide rod 543 then pushes the connecting rod 544 to move. The connecting rod 544 then pushes the bucket 542 to rotate around the strip plate 541, so that the bucket 542 opens. After the bucket 542 rotates, it releases the particles and they fall onto the receiving pipe 55. (At this time, the water in the metal particles is filtered again by the filter screen.) Then the particles roll to the right in the inclined state of the receiving pipe 55 and finally roll onto the guide shovel 8, which can further clean the dust in the electrostatic separation process.

[0047] When the screen cylinder 53 drives the slide rod 543 to rotate to the position where the arc plate 545 is removed, the limit spring resets and pushes the slide rod 543 to move away from the axis of the screen cylinder 53. The slide rod 543 then drives the bucket 542 to move and reset through the connecting rod 544, so that the bucket 542 and the strip plate 541 are in contact and fit together again.

[0048] In addition, the present invention also provides an electrostatic separation dust removal process for waste circuit boards, including the following steps: S1, dust guidance: the dust generated during the electrostatic separation process is guided into the supplementary dust filter section 4 by a negative pressure fan.

[0049] S2. Dust removal and filtration: The dust-laden gas is filtered in multiple steps using the supplementary dust filter section 4 to remove most of the dust.

[0050] S3. Further dust removal: The metal particles and attached fine dust screened out by electrostatic separation are passed into the immersion dust removal section 5, and the remaining fine dust is adsorbed and settled by the immersion liquid.

[0051] S4. Dust collection: Periodically remove the dust from the supplementary dust filter section 4 and the immersion dust collector section 5, and collect them together for processing.

[0052] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0053] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "number one," and "number two" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," "number one," or "number two" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0054] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0055] The embodiments described herein are preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waste circuit board electrostatic separation dust removal device, comprising a support frame, a dust collection hopper fixedly connected to the upper part of the support frame, and a dust collection pipe connected to the upper part of the support frame, characterized in that: The dust collection pipe is equipped with a supplementary dust filter section for automatically linearly shifting and replacing the filter element when removing dust from the circuit board. The bracket and located below the dust collection hopper are equipped with an immersion dust removal section for wetting and dissolving dust for further collection. The replacement dust filter unit includes a rectangular tube embedded in and connected to the dust suction pipe. The upper and lower walls of the rectangular tube are provided with channels. Several dust filter components are equidistantly arranged between the two channels. During the replacement operation, multiple remaining dust filter components are used to combine with each other and move in the opposite direction along the airflow direction, so that the dust filter component originally located in the second position is moved to the first position, so as to complete the automatic replacement after the dust filter component is replaced. The left side of the front wall panel of the rectangular tube has a strip-shaped channel one for removing the dust filter assembly filled with dust, and the right side of the front wall panel of the rectangular tube has a strip-shaped channel two for inserting the new dust filter assembly during replacement. A sealing assembly is detachably provided between the rectangular tube, the strip-shaped channel one, and the strip-shaped channel two. The immersion dust removal unit includes a box body that is fixedly connected to the support by a fixing rod and has an open top. Two symmetrically distributed bearing rings are fixedly connected between the front and rear walls of the box body. A screen cylinder is rotatably connected to both bearing rings. A shovel assembly is provided between the screen cylinder and the bearing ring located on the right. A receiving pipe located in the screen cylinder is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the right wall panel of the box body. The receiving pipe is inclined with the left side higher than the right side. A filter screen is embedded in the left side of the bottom wall panel of the receiving pipe. The dust filter assembly includes two strip seats that are symmetrically distributed vertically and slide against the channel. A rectangular frame is fixedly connected between the two strip seats. A rectangular pressure frame is detachably connected to the left diagonal of the rectangular frame by bolts. A filter plate is provided between the rectangular pressure frame and the rectangular frame. The shovel assembly includes several strip plates circumferentially and equidistantly fixed to the inner wall of the screen cylinder, and a bucket hinged to the side of the strip plates near the axis of the screen cylinder. Several mesh groups are equidistantly opened on the side wall of the bucket near the axis of the screen cylinder. Several sliding rods corresponding to the strip plates are circumferentially and equidistantly slidably connected to the screen cylinder. Limit springs are fixedly connected between the sliding rods and the screen cylinder. A connecting rod is hinged between the end of the sliding rod near the axis of the screen cylinder and the bucket. An arc-shaped plate for cooperating with the sliding rods is fixedly connected to the upper right side of the bearing ring. The left end face of the strip seat is provided with several positioning slots at equal intervals, and the right end face of the strip seat is fixedly connected with several positioning tongues that complement the positioning slots.

2. The electrostatic separation and dust removal device for waste circuit boards according to claim 1, characterized in that: The capping assembly includes a rectangular sleeve fixedly connected to the upper end face of a rectangular tube. An inverted U-shaped insert plate is slidably connected in the rectangular sleeve. The two vertical sections of the insert plate are located in the first and second strip grooves, respectively. A limiting hole is opened in the horizontal section of the insert plate. A threaded rod that mates with the limiting hole is threadedly connected to the rectangular sleeve.

3. The electrostatic separation and dust removal device for waste circuit boards according to claim 2, characterized in that: A drive motor is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the box, and the output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the screen cylinder through a belt pulley.

4. The electrostatic separation and dust removal device for waste circuit boards according to claim 2, characterized in that: An input pipe extending into the screen cylinder is fixedly connected to the left side of the upper end face of the box body. A guide shovel is fixedly connected to the bracket below the receiving pipe. Two annular baffles are fixedly connected symmetrically to the left and right sides of the inner wall of the screen cylinder.

5. The electrostatic separation and dust removal device for waste circuit boards according to claim 3, characterized in that: The strip seat has several balls equidistantly and rotatably connected on the side away from the rectangular frame, and the balls are arranged in two rows symmetrically on the left and right. A rectangular elastic rubber strip is fixedly connected to the side of the strip seat away from the rectangular frame.

6. A process for electrostatic separation and dust removal of waste circuit boards, characterized in that, The process, performed using the electrostatic separation and dust removal device for waste circuit boards as described in claim 1, includes the following steps: S1. Dust Guiding: The dust generated during the electrostatic separation process is guided into the replenishment dust filter section by the negative pressure fan; S2. Dust removal and filtration: The dust-laden gas is filtered in multiple steps using a supplementary dust filter section to remove most of the dust. S3. Further dust removal: The metal particles and attached fine dust screened out by electrostatic separation are passed into the immersion dust removal section, and the immersion liquid is used to adsorb and settle the remaining fine dust. S4. Dust collection: Periodically remove the dust from the replenishment dust filter section and the immersion dust collector section, and collect them together for unified treatment.

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