Blast hole device for strengthening blasting and crushing

Abstract

The utility model provides a blasthole device for strengthening blasting and breaking, which is characterized by comprising a cushion layer structure arranged at the bottom of a blasthole and a blasthole plug arranged at the top of the blasthole, explosive is arranged in the middle section of the blasthole, and reflection energy-gathering blocks are arranged between the explosive and the top blasthole plug and between the explosive and the bottom cushion layer. Each reflection energy-gathering block is of a blocky structure internally provided with a concave mirror, the outer shape of each reflection energy-gathering block is matched with the inner shape of a blast hole, the concave mirrors in the reflection energy-gathering blocks are hemispherical, and the concave mirrors of the upper reflection energy-gathering block and the lower reflection energy-gathering block face the explosive. The device is simple in structure and convenient to use, under the combined action of the reflection gathering device and the buffer cushion layer, the lower-layer rock mass is well protected, damage to the lower-layer rock mass is reduced, and safety of follow-up construction and buildings is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of blasting in the fields of water conservancy and civil engineering, and particularly relates to a blasthole device for enhancing blasting and fragmentation. Background Art

[0002] One of the key technical issues involved in this process is the scientific use of explosive blasting energy to effectively crush the rock mass and reduce damage to the remaining rock mass. For example, in the field of hydropower engineering, ensuring that the explosive blasting energy fully acts on the rock mass above the dam foundation surface and reduces damage to the rock mass below the dam foundation surface is crucial for the construction efficiency of the dam and the safety of the dam during operation. The existing cushion blasting has little effect on alleviating the blasting shock wave and cannot use the blasting energy to crush the upper rock mass, resulting in serious damage to the lower layer and an uneven foundation surface, affecting the safety of the foundation and construction efficiency. How to fully utilize the blasting energy, reduce damage to the remaining rock mass, and improve blasting efficiency is an issue that urgently needs to be addressed. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of the current situation in which blasting technology in the prior art does not adequately reflect the detonation energy and protect the underlying rock mass, a blasthole device that can reflect focused stress waves and protect the underlying rock mass is proposed. The device is simple to operate and easy to manufacture. The technical solutions adopted by this utility model to solve the problems existing in the prior art are as follows:

[0004] A blasthole device for enhanced blasting and crushing includes a cushion structure arranged at the bottom of the blasthole and a blasthole plug arranged at the top of the blasthole. Explosives are arranged in the middle section of the blasthole. Reflective energy-gathering blocks are arranged between the explosives and the top blasthole plug and between the bottom cushion. The reflective energy-gathering block is a block structure with a concave mirror arranged inside. The external shape of the reflective energy-gathering block is adapted to the internal shape of the blasthole. The concave mirror inside the reflective energy-gathering block is hemispherical, and the concave mirrors of the upper and lower reflective energy-gathering blocks are both facing the direction of the explosives.

[0005] The reflective energy-gathering block is made of cast iron or steel.

[0006] The reflective energy-gathering block is 10 to 20 cm high and has a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the blasthole.

[0007] The concave radius of the reflective energy focusing block is slightly smaller than the radius of the reflective energy focusing block.

[0008] The cushion layer is made of sand or rock powder obtained by drilling, and the thickness of the cushion layer is 10 to 20 cm, which can be appropriately adjusted according to the amount of explosives in the blast hole.

[0009] The blasthole plugging material is rock powder obtained by drilling.

[0010] A method for using a blasthole device for enhanced blasting and fragmentation specifically comprises the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Prepare a reflective energy-gathering block that meets the requirements according to the blasthole diameter of the blasting design plan;

[0012] Step 2: Drill vertically in the rock mass according to the blasting design requirements;

[0013] Step 3: Lay a cushion layer at the bottom of the blasthole;

[0014] Step 4: Use a rope to hang the reflective energy-gathering block above the bottom pad of the blasthole, ensuring that the reflective surface of the device faces upwards;

[0015] Step 5: Place explosives in the hole and place the detonator in the middle of the hole;

[0016] Step 6: Install the reflective energy block above the explosive, making sure the reflective surface of the device faces downwards;

[0017] Step 7: Block the blast hole, ensure that the reflective energy-focusing block is in full contact with the blast hole, and detonate online.

[0018] When the explosive is detonated, due to the material properties of the reflective energy-gathering blocks, stress waves propagate from the rock mass to the reflective energy-gathering blocks, where they are reflected. The geometric features of the reflective energy-gathering blocks converge the stress waves, which then reflect the majority of the explosive energy back into the blasted rock. A portion of the transmitted stress waves is then reflected between the reflective energy-gathering blocks and the cushioning layer, further weakening the explosive energy acting on the lower rock mass. Finally, the stress waves that reach the cushioning layer are dissipated there, further minimizing the damage to the underlying rock mass. This arrangement allows the explosive energy to be reflected and concentrated by the reflective energy-gathering blocks into the intermediate zone of the blasted rock mass, enhancing the fragmentation of the upper rock mass. The energy acting on the lower rock mass is gradually weakened and reflected, effectively protecting the underlying rock mass.

[0019] The utility model has the following advantages:

[0020] (1) The process of the present invention is simple, low in cost and easy to operate.

[0021] (2) Under the action of the reflective energy-gathering block, the upper rock mass is broken up, the generation of large blocks and foundation is effectively reduced, the energy utilization rate of explosives is improved, the construction efficiency is improved, and the workload of subsequent projects is reduced.

[0022] (3) The combined effect of the reflective convergence device and the cushion layer provides excellent protection for the underlying rock mass, reducing damage to the underlying rock mass and facilitating subsequent construction and building safety. The present invention can be applied to excavation projects for foundation surfaces and slope protection layers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 This is the planing layout of a single blasthole;

[0024] Figure 2 This is the structural diagram of the reflective energy-gathering block at the bottom of the blasthole;

[0025] Figure 3 This is the effect diagram of stress wave reflection and convergence in the reflection energy block;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of multiple blastholes;

[0027] In the figure, 1-blast hole plugging, 2-explosive, 3-reflective energy-focusing block, 4-cushion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below through embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 As shown, a blasthole device for enhancing blasting and crushing includes a cushion layer 4 arranged at the bottom of the blasthole and a blasthole plug 1 arranged at the top of the blasthole. Explosives 2 are arranged in the middle section of the blasthole. Reflective energy-gathering blocks 3 are arranged between the explosives 2 and the top blasthole plug 1 and between the bottom cushion layer 4. The reflective energy-gathering blocks 3 are block structures with concave mirrors arranged inside. The external shape of the reflective energy-gathering blocks 3 is adapted to the internal shape of the blasthole. The concave mirror inside the reflective energy-gathering blocks 3 is hemispherical, and the concave mirrors of the upper and lower reflective energy-gathering blocks 3 are both facing the direction of the explosives.

[0029] Example 1: The excavation depth of the rock mass to be blasted is 10m, the designed blasting hole diameter is 115mm, the hole depth is 10m, and the designed blocking length is 1m.

[0030] This embodiment is carried out in the following steps:

[0031] S1 makes reflective energy-gathering blocks:

[0032] A reflective energy-gathering block is made according to the blasting design parameters. The reflective energy-gathering block is 10 cm high and 10 cm in diameter, which is slightly smaller than the radius of the blasthole to facilitate the placement of the device at the bottom of the blasthole.

[0033] S2 blasthole arrangement:

[0034] The blastholes are drilled according to the blasthole depth designed for blasting, and the drilling depth is 20cm deeper than the original design as a buffer layer.

[0035] S3 layout cushion layer:

[0036] Use sand to fill the extra-deep part to the design elevation of the blasthole as a buffer layer at the bottom of the blasthole.

[0037] S4 places the lower reflective energy block:

[0038] Slowly lower the reflective energy-gathering block to the bottom of the blasthole, ensuring that the reflective surface of the reflective energy-gathering block faces upward and the bottom is in contact with the buffer layer.

[0039] S5 installation of Dynamite:

[0040] Explosives are installed in the blasthole. A 90mm diameter emulsion explosive cartridge is used for blasting. The detonator is inserted into the cartridge and installed in the middle of the blasthole along with the cartridge.

[0041] S6 places the upper reflective energy block:

[0042] Use a rope to lower the reflective energy-gathering block to the bottom of the blasthole, making sure the reflective surface of the reflective energy-gathering block faces downward.

[0043] S7 ready to detonate:

[0044] After the charge is finished, the rock powder obtained from the drilling is used as the blasthole plug. The plug length is 1m. The plug is tamped to ensure that the reflective energy block is in full contact with the blasthole. The final blasthole arrangement is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the network exploded.

[0045] The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations to the present invention without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. If such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A blasthole device for enhancing blasting and fragmentation, characterized by: It includes a cushion structure arranged at the bottom of the blasthole and a blasthole plug arranged at the top of the blasthole. Explosives are arranged in the middle section of the blasthole. Reflective energy-focusing blocks are arranged between the explosives and the top blasthole plug and between the bottom cushion. The reflective energy-focusing block is a block structure with a concave mirror inside. The external shape of the reflective energy-focusing block is adapted to the internal shape of the blasthole. The concave mirror inside the reflective energy-focusing block is hemispherical, and the concave mirrors of the upper and lower reflective energy-focusing blocks are both facing the direction of the explosives.

2. A blasthole device for enhancing blasting and fragmentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reflective energy-gathering block is made of cast iron or steel.

3. The blast hole device for enhancing blasting and fragmentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reflective energy-gathering block is 10 to 20 cm high and has a diameter slightly smaller than the diameter of the blasthole.

4. The blast hole device for enhancing blasting and fragmentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner concave surface radius of the reflective energy focusing block is slightly smaller than the radius of the reflective energy focusing block.

5. The blast hole device for enhancing blasting and fragmentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cushion layer is made of sand or rock powder obtained by drilling.

6. The blast hole device for enhancing blasting and fragmentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cushion layer has a thickness of 10 to 20 cm.

7. The blasthole device for enhancing blasting and fragmentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blasthole plugging material is rock powder obtained by drilling.

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