Pneumatic opening and closing type laser cutting head applied to TBM cutter head in coupling mode

Abstract

The utility model designs a pneumatic opening and closing type laser cutting head coupled and applied to a TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) cutterhead. The pneumatic opening and closing type laser cutting head is characterized by comprising a shell, an optical lens group arranged in the shell and an opening and closing bin, the shell is fastened on the cutterhead; a primary focusing light beam generated by the laser cutting machine main machine enters the optical lens group through one end of the shell and then exits from the other end of the shell; the opening and closing bin is fixedly arranged at the laser beam emitting end of the shell. A pneumatic opening-closing assembly is arranged in the opening-closing bin. The device further comprises a purging nozzle. The purging nozzle is fixedly arranged on one side, close to the rock surface, of the opening and closing bin; in the working process, pressure gas is input into the purging nozzle so as to purge lava outwards. The utility model discloses can effectively avoid rock ballast, muddy water and other extraneous disoperation, reliability is high, simultaneously reduces the pressure drop loss of pressure gas, improves and purges the airflow velocity and range, realizes excellent sweeping effect and non-return performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a laser cutting head, in particular to a pneumatic opening and closing laser cutting head coupled to a TBM cutter head. Background Art

[0002] Existing straight circular lasers (hereinafter referred to as conventional lasers) can be applied in the drilling and extraction of mineral energy sources such as oil and natural gas. Under vertical irradiation from conventional lasers, the rock mass absorbs a large amount of energy in a short period of time, causing it to fragment, melt, and vaporize, creating macroscopic destructive features such as holes, thereby achieving the purpose of drilling into the rock formation. However, due to the excessively concentrated power density of conventional lasers, coupled with the heterogeneity of natural rock, poor thermal conductivity, and inability to thoroughly purge the lava, large amounts of lava are generated in localized locations within the rock mass. This lava cools and solidifies on the outer walls of the macroscopic destructive features, forming a smooth, glassy coating (hereinafter referred to as glass glaze). Research has shown that the presence of glass glaze has led to the following limitations in conventional laser rock breaking technology: 1) As laser power increases, the laser energy efficiency and rock breaking effect no longer increase significantly. This is because the large amount of glass glaze produced not only reduces the laser's macroscopic rock breaking effect (such as its width and depth), but also inhibits the transmission of laser energy deep into the rock layer; 2) Glass glaze acts like an adhesive, continuously bonding existing rock cracks, which is not conducive to the extension, expansion, and intersection of macro and micro cracks, reducing the rock breaking effect.

[0003] In addition to simply using traditional laser technology to cut and crush rocks, we can also try to apply this technology to large-scale rock (coal, carbon, mineral) cutting equipment (hereinafter referred to as cutting equipment) such as TBMs, anchor drills, drilling rigs, and open-pit miners. However, related research is still in the principle verification stage. Taking TBM as an example, the application of traditional laser coupling to TBM cutterheads still faces the following challenges: 1) Unlike traditional lasers that cut metal plates, acrylic plates, glass plates and other materials on the ground, and vertically drill and cut rock formations, the underground excavation environment of TBMs is extremely harsh. External substances such as rock debris, mud and water can cause extremely serious damage to the optical lens group, thereby reducing the reliability of traditional laser cutting heads. 2) In order to make the continuous cutting depth and cutting speed of traditional lasers match the penetration depth (cutting depth) and rolling speed of traditional roller cutters, it is necessary to significantly increase the laser power, which will undoubtedly further aggravate the generation of glass glaze. The adverse consequences are: on the one hand, a large amount of glass glaze adheres to the tunnel face after cooling, which will re-bond the macro- and micro-cracks generated in the rock under the action of thermal and mechanical stress, thereby inhibiting the expansion and intersection of lateral cracks between adjacent roller cutters, resulting in low rock breaking efficiency. On the other hand, the glass glaze is mainly composed of silica, so its hardness is higher than that of the original rock. After being broken, it will act as a blade. The abrasive particles at the rock contact interface will increase the wear rate of the tool; 3) The traditional laser cutting head will use an additional nozzle to purge in a one-way side blowing manner to physically inhibit the formation of glass glaze, but there are the following problems: First, the one-way side blowing requires an additional nozzle and a corresponding nozzle protection device, which has high implementation costs, is not compact enough, and is easily scratched and damaged by rock debris; Second, the nozzle is far away from the circular spot generated by the laser core area, resulting in a large pressure drop loss in the purge air pressure, which makes the purge efficiency The efficiency is low and the purging is not thorough; thirdly, unilateral purging can easily blow the lava onto the rolling rock breaking path of the adjacent roller cutter, causing the roller cutter ring to come into contact with the glass glaze, resulting in serious abrasive wear of the cutter ring; fourthly, the purging range of the existing nozzle is not enough to completely cover the width range of the laser groove, resulting in glass glaze remaining on the groove walls on both sides of the laser groove; simply increasing the size specifications and nozzle aperture of the existing nozzle cannot effectively solve this problem, because this will significantly increase the specifications of the gas transmission components, the airtightness requirements and the gas station power. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the shortcomings of the existing technical solutions, the utility model provides a pneumatic opening and closing laser cutting head coupled to the TBM cutter head, which is characterized by:

[0005] It includes a housing, an optical lens assembly arranged in the housing, and an opening and closing chamber; the housing is fastened to the cutter head by means of a mounting plate;

[0006] The initial focused light beam generated by the laser cutting machine main unit enters the optical lens group through one end of the shell, and then emerges from the other end of the shell; the opening and closing chamber is fixedly arranged at the laser beam exit end at the lower part of the shell; a pneumatic opening and closing component is arranged in the opening and closing chamber; when working, the pneumatic opening and closing component uses pressurized gas to open the opening and closing chamber; in the initial state, the opening and closing chamber returns to the closed state.

[0007] Preferably, the opening and closing chamber has three compartments: upper, middle and lower; each compartment is provided with a light hole coaxial with the optical lens group; the pneumatic opening and closing assembly includes an opening and closing part, an elastic element, a connecting part and a pneumatic part, wherein: the opening and closing part is movably clamped in the opening and closing chamber; an elastic element is provided between the opening and closing part and the opening and closing chamber; in the initial state, under the action of the elastic element, the opening and closing part closes the light hole; the pneumatic part is dynamically connected to the opening and closing part through the connecting part; the pneumatic part is movably clamped in the chamber; when working, the pressurized gas pushes the pneumatic part to move, thereby opening the light hole.

[0008] Preferably, the utility model further comprises a purge nozzle; the purge nozzle is fixedly mounted on the opening and closing chamber and on one side close to the rock surface; when in operation, pressurized gas is input into the purge nozzle to purge the lava outwards.

[0009] More preferably, in the initial state, the purge nozzle does not protrude outside the cutter head panel.

[0010] More preferably, the purging nozzle includes an outer nozzle sleeve and an inner nozzle sleeve; a cavity is formed between the outer nozzle sleeve and the inner nozzle sleeve; a gas outlet channel is provided on the side of the purging nozzle close to the rock surface; when working, pressurized gas is input from the cavity and then ejected through the gas outlet channel to purge the glass glaze.

[0011] More preferably, the gas outlet channels are opened on the end face of the purge nozzle at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

[0012] More preferably, the gas outlet channel is opened on the end face of the purge nozzle and is located on the side away from the rock cutting direction of the laser cutting head.

[0013] More preferably, the purge gas flow ejected from the gas outlet channel forms an outward-facing figure-eight shape.

[0014] More preferably, the angle θ between the purge air flow and the axis of the purge nozzle is between 30° and 45°.

[0015] More preferably, the width S of the outward-facing, figure-eight-shaped purge airflow projected onto the rock surface is not less than the width of the laser groove.

[0016] The benefits of this utility model are:

[0017] 1) It can effectively avoid external damage such as rock slag, mud and water, and has high reliability;

[0018] 2) The pressure drop loss of the pressurized gas is small and the speed of the purge air flow is higher;

[0019] 3) The sweeping range is larger, the cleaning effect is better, and the anti-backflow effect is good. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a laser cutting head;

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 3D explosion diagram of

[0023] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the aperture concave lens;

[0024] Figure 4 For example Figure 3 A top view of the concave lens with an aperture shown;

[0025] Figure 5 The aperture concave lens is Figure 4 The cross-sectional view after the AA section is cut;

[0026] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the apertured convex lens;

[0027] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Top view of the convex lens with a central aperture;

[0028] Figure 8 The convex lens with an aperture is Figure 7 The cross-sectional view after the AA section is cut;

[0029] Figure 9 For example Figure 1 The right side view of the opening and closing chamber is shown;

[0030] Figure 10 To open and close the chamber Figure 9 The cross-sectional view after the AA section is cut;

[0031] Figure 11 For example Figure 1 A right side view of the purge nozzle is shown;

[0032] Figure 12To purge the nozzle Figure 11 The cross-sectional view after the AA section is cut;

[0033] Figure 13 For example Figure 1 A right side view of the three-dimensional structure shown (only the opening and closing chamber and the purge nozzle are shown);

[0034] Figure 14 To open and close the chamber and purge the nozzle Figure 13 Cross-sectional view after cutting along the AA section (light hole is open);

[0035] Figure 15 To open and close the chamber and purge the nozzle Figure 13 Cross-sectional view after cutting along the AA section (the light hole is closed);

[0036] Figure 16 A diagram comparing the beam shaping principles of the optical lens assembly embedded in the laser cutting head and a conventional laser cutting head;

[0037] Figure 17 Heat source map of the rock surface formed under conventional laser irradiation obtained for simulation;

[0038] Figure 18 Heat source map of the rock surface formed under distributed laser irradiation obtained by simulation;

[0039] Figure 19 Schematic diagram of power density distribution of distributed laser and traditional laser beam;

[0040] Figure 20 A comparison diagram of the beam shaping principle of the optical lens assembly embedded in the laser cutting head (after adopting the preferred solution) and a conventional laser cutting head;

[0041] Figure 21 Schematic diagram of the outlet channels being opened at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the end face of the purge nozzle;

[0042] Figure 22 Schematic diagram of the gas outlet channel being opened in the direction away from the rock cutting direction;

[0043] Figure 23 The purge airflow is in an outward-facing figure eight shape;

[0044] Figure 24 Schematic diagram of the purge effect of the purge nozzle.

[0045] Reference numerals:

[0046] 1 Mounting plate 44 Pneumatic parts 2 Upper housing assembly 45 light hole 21 convex lens 46 Chamber air inlet 3 Lower housing assembly 5 Gas transmission components 31 Cover shell 51 gas pipeline 32 Side bottom cover 52 Warehouse gas branch pipe 33 Mirror rotation assembly 53 Nozzle gas branch pipe 332 Open hole concave lens 6 Purge nozzle 333 Open hole convex lens 61 Nozzle outer ring 4 Open and close the chamber 62 Nozzle liner 41 Opening and closing parts 63 Nozzle air inlet 42 elastic element 7 Initially focusing the beam 43 Connectors 8 rock

[0047] The following specific embodiments will further illustrate the present invention in conjunction with the above-mentioned drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. In the following description, many specific details are set forth in order to fully understand the present invention. The embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0050] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0051] like Figures 1 to 23 , are all drawings provided for this utility model. Specific embodiment one:

[0053] like Figures 1 to 5 , Figure 16 As shown, a laser cutting head is provided, characterized in that:

[0054] Including a housing and an optical lens assembly;

[0055] The optical lens assembly is arranged in the housing;

[0056] The optical lens assembly includes a convex lens (21) and an apertured concave lens (332); the convex lens (21) and the apertured concave lens (332) are spaced a certain distance l1 apart and are coaxially arranged; a through hole with a diameter of d4 is provided at the center of the apertured concave lens (332); the apertured concave lens is spaced a certain distance l2 apart from the surface of the rock (8);

[0057] Before introducing the beam forming principle of the laser cutting head, it is necessary to introduce the beam forming principle of the traditional laser. Take the E1039M laser cutting machine as an example; in the main machine of this type of laser cutting machine, the CO2 laser generator (not shown) first generates an initial beam (not shown), which in turn outputs a stable beam (not shown) through a light guide (not shown) and a bellows (not shown); then, the stable beam is guided in turn through a phase shifter (not shown) and a reflector (not shown), and generates a preliminary focused beam (7) through a focusing lens (not shown); the traditional laser cutting head is installed on the three-axis walking mechanism (also called a moving beam, not shown) of the laser cutting machine; as Figure 16 As shown, the initial focused light beam (7) is incident on the convex lens (21) provided in the conventional laser cutting head via the transmission optical fiber (not shown), and is finally focused to generate a conventional laser beam with a diameter of d1; Figure 16 As shown, the convex lens (21) is spaced a certain distance L from the surface of the rock (8); the conventional laser beam forms a circular spot with an outer diameter of d1 on the surface of the rock (8) irradiated by the laser, as shown in FIG. Figure 19 As shown; Figure 17 As shown, it is a heat source map formed on the surface of rock (8) under conventional laser irradiation obtained by simulation; Figure 17 It can be seen that the power density distribution in the circular spot area is highly concentrated.

[0058] Unlike the conventional laser cutting head, as mentioned above, the laser cutting head is provided with a convex lens (21) and an apertured concave lens (332) in sequence; when a conventional laser with a diameter of d1 is transmitted to the apertured concave lens (332), if d4∈(0,d1), the beam of the conventional laser with a diameter not greater than d4 can directly pass through the through hole of the apertured concave lens (332). According to the principle of light propagation, the power density distribution characteristics of the beam directly passing through the through hole remain unchanged, that is, it is still a conventional laser; the beam of the conventional laser will form a circular light spot with an outer diameter of d4 on the surface of the rock (8) irradiated by the laser, as shown in FIG. Figure 19 As shown; the remaining part of the conventional laser with a diameter exceeding d4 is refracted by the solid area of the concave lens to generate a conical refracted beam, which will form an annular light spot with an outer diameter of d2 on the surface of the rock (8) irradiated by the laser, as shown Figure 19 As shown; Figure 18 As shown in FIG, the heat source map formed on the surface of the rock (8) under distributed laser irradiation obtained by simulation; Figure 18It can be seen that the power density within the circular spot with an outer diameter of d4 is highly concentrated, while the power density within the annular spot area decreases with the increase of the radial radius (that is, the distance between any point and the center of the optical lens assembly), so its power density no longer has a highly focused distribution characteristic; the traditional laser beam that directly passes through the through hole and the refracted beam generated by refraction through the solid area of the concave lens are collectively referred to as a distributed laser beam.

[0059] Preferably, the aperture concave lens (332) is a spherical concave lens; more specifically, Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the outer diameter d5 of the spherical concave lens is 10 mm, the lens thickness T1 is 3.8 mm, the spherical curvature SR is 6.46 mm, and the height T2 from the bottom of the spherical surface to the upper surface of the lens is 1.5 mm. Specific embodiment two:

[0061] Simulation studies have shown that the outer diameter d2 of the annular spot decreases as the spacing l2 increases. Considering that in engineering practice, the surface of the rock (8) is often uneven, which will cause the spacing l2 to fluctuate when the laser cutting head is working. In order to eliminate the influence of the fluctuation of the spacing l2 on the power density distribution characteristics of the annular spot, thereby ensuring the stability of the laser rock breaking performance, as a preferred embodiment, Figure 16 As shown, the optical lens assembly further includes an apertured convex lens (333); an apertured convex lens (333) is coaxially arranged at a spacing of l4 behind the apertured concave lens (332); the apertured convex lens (333) is spaced a certain distance l5 from the surface of the rock (8); a through hole with a diameter of d4 is also formed in the center of the apertured convex lens (333); the spacing l4 and the spacing l5 can be reasonably adjusted to make Figure 16 The conical refracted light beam with an outer diameter of d3 is transformed into a cylindrical parallel light beam; the outer diameter d3 of the cylindrical parallel light beam does not change with the change of the spacing l5; in other words, the heat source distribution characteristics of the light spot formed by the cylindrical parallel light beam on the surface of the rock (8) do not change with the fluctuation of the spacing l5 in theory; as mentioned above, the characteristics of the traditional laser beam with a diameter not greater than d4 remain unchanged.

[0062] More preferably, Figures 6 to 8 As shown, the aperture convex lens (334) is a spherical plano-convex lens with an outer diameter d6 of 25.4 mm, a lens thickness T3 of 4.3 mm, and a spherical curvature SR of 70 mm. Specific embodiment four:

[0064] In order to protect the components inside the laser cutting head shell from external damage such as rock slag, mud and water, and to make the structure more compact, it is preferred that Figures 1 to 2As shown, the laser cutting head further comprises an opening and closing chamber (4) and an air supply assembly (5); the opening and closing chamber (4) is fixedly arranged at the laser beam emitting end at the lower part of the shell; a pneumatic opening and closing assembly is arranged in the opening and closing chamber (4); the air supply assembly (5) comprises an air supply pipe (51); the air supply pipe (51) is provided with a chamber air supply branch pipe (52); when working, pressurized gas is input into the pneumatic opening and closing assembly by using the chamber air supply branch pipe (52) to open the opening and closing chamber (4), thereby establishing a channel for the laser beam to be emitted, as shown in FIG. Figure 14 When not in operation (in the initial state), the opening and closing chamber (4) returns to the closed state, thereby preventing damage from the outside world, as shown; Figure 15 shown.

[0065] like Figure 13 、 14 The figure shows a more specific embodiment of the opening and closing chamber (4). The opening and closing chamber (4) has three compartments: upper, middle and lower; each compartment has a light hole (45) coaxial with the optical lens group; the pneumatic opening and closing assembly includes an opening and closing member (41), an elastic element (42), a connecting member (43) and a pneumatic member (44), wherein: the opening and closing member (41) is movably fixed in the opening and closing chamber (4), more specifically, in the movable slide groove of the upper compartment; a pneumatic opening and closing member (41) is provided between the opening and closing member (41) and the opening and closing chamber (4). An elastic element (42) is provided; in the initial state, under the action of the elastic element (42), the opening and closing member (41) is pressed against the end wall of one side of the movable slide groove, and the opening and closing member (41) blocks the light hole (45) on the middle partition layer, so that the opening and closing chamber (4) is in a closed state; the pneumatic member (44) is connected to the opening and closing member (41) by power through the connecting member (43); the pneumatic member (44) is airtightly and movably clamped in the chamber; when working, Figure 17 As shown, the pressurized gas enters the chamber through the chamber gas supply branch pipe (52) and the chamber air inlet (46), thereby pushing the pneumatic member (44) to move, and finally opening the light hole (45) on the middle partition layer to establish a channel for the laser beam to be emitted; in the initial state, under the restoring force of the elastic element (42), the opening and closing member (41) moves again, and the opening and closing chamber (4) is closed again. In addition, the pneumatic member (44) can also be a pneumatic push rod. Specific embodiment five:

[0067] In order to promptly blow out the lava produced during laser irradiation, suppress the parameters of the glass glaze, and tighten the requirements for protecting the optical lens group, as a preferred method, Figures 1 to 2As shown, the laser cutting head further includes a purge nozzle (6); the purge nozzle (6) is fixedly mounted on the laser beam exit end of the housing; in this example, more specifically, the purge nozzle (6) is fixedly mounted on the opening and closing chamber (4) and is located on the side closest to the surface of the rock (8); the gas supply pipe (51) is provided with a nozzle gas supply branch pipe (53); during operation, the nozzle gas supply branch pipe (53) is used to input pressurized gas into the purge nozzle (6) for purging the lava to suppress the large-scale generation of glass glaze. Unlike the traditional laser cutting head with an external purge nozzle, the utility model integrates the purge nozzle (6) and does not require an additional nozzle protection device, thereby having low implementation cost, compact structure, and high protection reliability; in addition, the purge nozzle (6) is as close as possible to the laser beam exit end, so that the purge nozzle (6) is as close as possible to the circular light spot generated by the laser core area, thereby reducing the pressure drop loss of the pressurized gas and improving the purge efficiency.

[0068] More preferably, in order to better protect the purge nozzle (6) from being damaged by rock debris, the purge nozzle (6) does not protrude outside the cutterhead panel in the initial state;

[0069] like Figure 11 、 12 As shown, it is a more specific embodiment of the purge nozzle (6). In order to facilitate manufacturing and assembly, the purge nozzle (6) includes a nozzle outer ring sleeve (61) and a nozzle inner sleeve (62); the nozzle outer ring sleeve (61) and the nozzle inner sleeve (62) are fastened by pipe threads; a cavity is formed between the nozzle outer ring sleeve (61) and the nozzle inner sleeve (62); the nozzle gas branch pipe (53) is connected to the cavity via the nozzle air inlet (63) opened on the purge nozzle (6); a gas outlet channel (for example, a slit, a hole, or a gap) is provided on the side of the cavity close to the surface of the rock (8). More specifically, in this example, Figure 12 、 14 As shown, the gas outlet channel is an annular slit; when working, the nozzle gas delivery branch pipe (53) delivers pressurized gas from the nozzle air inlet (63) into the cavity, and then ejected through the gas outlet channel for blowing the glass glaze.

[0070] More preferably, considering that the diameter of the annular slit is relatively large, in order to ensure the airflow outlet speed under a given air pressure, the gas outlet channels are opened at equal intervals on the end face of the purge nozzle (6) in the circumferential direction, such as Figure 21 As shown;

[0071] More preferably, in order to further reduce the total diameter of the gas outlet channel, the gas outlet channel is opened on the side away from the rock cutting direction of the laser cutting head; Figure 22As shown, more specifically, in this example, the opening is located on the right half of the end face of the purge nozzle (6), and the direction of the instantaneous rock-breaking linear velocity v of the laser cutting head is horizontally to the left. Compared with the aforementioned annular slit, the pressure drop loss of the pressurized gas in the utility model is small, and the speed of the purge airflow is higher.

[0072] More preferably, considering Figure 12 The purge airflow ejected from the gas outlet channel will form an inner eight-shaped wind curtain wall, and the sweeping range of the wind curtain wall is small, and the momentum of the purge airflows on the left and right symmetrical sides in the horizontal direction will offset each other, reducing the speed of the purge airflow; at the same time, considering that if the purge airflow is blown vertically to the surface of the rock (8), the lava will be stirred and attached to the surface of the utility model, and the effect of vertical blowing is not good, and the lava will be washed into the newly generated laser cutting groove. For this reason, the purge airflow ejected from the gas outlet channel forms an outer eight-shaped wind curtain wall, such as Figure 23 and Figure 24 As shown in the figure, the sweeping range of the outward-facing 8-shaped wind curtain wall is larger and the sweeping airflow velocity is higher. The moving velocity v of the outward-facing 8-shaped wind curtain wall produces a broom-like sweeping effect, which cleans the glass glaze attached to the groove wall and prevents the lava from returning to the newly created laser-cut groove, thus achieving a good anti-backflow effect.

[0073] More preferably, in order to prevent the inclination angle of the purge airflow ejected from the gas outlet channel from being too large, thereby causing the problem that "the existing one-way side blowing method is easy to blow the lava to the rolling rock breaking path of the adjacent roller cutter, thereby causing serious abrasive wear failure of the roller cutter ring", such as Figure 23 As shown, the angle θ between the purge air flow and the axis of the purge nozzle is between 30° and 45°.

[0074] More preferably, in order to further ensure the purging effect, the width S of the purging airflow projected on the surface of the rock (8) located on the tunnel face is not less than the width of the laser cutting groove, such as Figure 24 shown. Specific embodiment six:

[0076] In order to facilitate manufacturing, installation and maintenance, the housing of the laser cutting head preferably adopts a split structure; the housing comprises an upper housing component (2) and a lower housing component (3); the upper housing component (2) is mainly used to accommodate most of the mirror distance adjustment component (not shown) (such as Figure 3 The transmission assembly is arranged in the lower housing assembly (3), comprising an upper front housing (21) and an upper rear housing (22); the upper front housing (21) and the upper rear housing (22) are fastened into a whole by fastening screws; the lower housing assembly is fixed to the lower part of the upper housing assembly; the lower housing assembly (3) is mainly used to accommodate most of the lens group rotation assembly (33) (such as Figure 3The turntable driving member is arranged on the upper housing assembly (2) and includes a cover shell (31) and a side support plate (32); the cover shell (31) and the side support plate (32) are fastened into a whole by screws. Specific embodiment seven:

[0078] It is worth mentioning that the shell of the laser cutting head is Figure 1 The mounting plate (1) is fastened to the three-axis walking mechanism (also called moving beam) of the main machine of the conventional laser cutting machine by screws (not numbered), thereby forming a new type of distributed laser cutting machine for cutting and crushing rocks (8) using the laser cutting head. Of course, in order to assist the cutting equipment in efficiently breaking rocks, the laser cutting head can also be installed on the cutting part of the cutting equipment. Taking TBM as an example, the shell of the laser cutting head is provided with the aid of Figure 1 The mounting plate (1) is mounted on a TBM cutterhead (not shown).

[0079] In the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed components and structures can be implemented in other ways. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, from any point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, it is intended that all changes that fall within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved. In addition, it is obvious that the word "comprising" does not exclude other units or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural.

[0080] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or replaced with equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

[0081] In the several specific embodiments provided in the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed systems and components can be implemented in other ways. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments, and the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is limited by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, it is intended that all changes that fall within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the present invention. Any figure mark in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the claims involved. In addition, it is obvious that the word "comprising" does not exclude other units or steps, and the singular does not exclude the plural. Multiple units or devices stated in the system claim can also be implemented by the same unit or device through software or hardware. Words such as first and second are used to indicate names and do not indicate any specific order.

[0082] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or replaced with equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pneumatically operated open / close laser cutting head coupled to a TBM cutterhead, characterized by: It includes a shell, an optical lens set arranged in the shell, and an opening and closing chamber; the shell is fastened to the cutter head; The initial focused light beam generated by the laser cutting machine main unit enters the optical lens group through one end of the shell and then exits from the other end of the shell; the opening and closing chamber is fixedly arranged at the laser beam exit end of the shell; a pneumatic opening and closing component is arranged in the opening and closing chamber; when working, the pneumatic opening and closing component uses pressurized gas to open the opening and closing chamber; in the initial state, the opening and closing chamber returns to the closed state.

2. The pneumatically operated open / closed laser cutting head coupled to a TBM cutterhead according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening and closing chamber has three compartments: upper, middle and lower; each compartment is provided with a light hole coaxial with the optical lens group; the pneumatic opening and closing assembly includes an opening and closing part, an elastic element, a connecting part and a pneumatic part, wherein: the opening and closing part is movably clamped in the opening and closing chamber; an elastic element is provided between the opening and closing part and the opening and closing chamber; in the initial state, under the action of the elastic element, the opening and closing part closes the light hole; the pneumatic part is dynamically connected to the opening and closing part through the connecting part; the pneumatic part is movably clamped in the chamber; when working, the pressurized gas pushes the pneumatic part to move, thereby opening the light hole.

3. The pneumatically operated open / closed laser cutting head coupled to a TBM cutterhead according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a purge nozzle; the purge nozzle is fixed on the opening and closing chamber and is close to the rock surface; when working, pressurized gas is input into the purge nozzle to purge the lava outward.

4. The pneumatically operated open / closed laser cutting head coupled to a TBM cutterhead according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the initial state, the purge nozzle does not protrude from the cutter head panel.

5. The pneumatically operated open / closed laser cutting head coupled to a TBM cutterhead according to claim 3, characterized in that: The purge nozzle includes an outer nozzle sleeve and an inner nozzle sleeve; a cavity is formed between the outer nozzle sleeve and the inner nozzle sleeve; a gas outlet channel is provided on the side of the purge nozzle close to the rock surface; when working, pressurized gas is input from the cavity and then ejected through the gas outlet channel to purge the glass glaze.

6. The pneumatically operated open / closed laser cutting head coupled to a TBM cutterhead according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gas outlet channels are circumferentially and evenly spaced on the end surface of the purge nozzle.

7. The pneumatically operated open / closed laser cutting head coupled to a TBM cutterhead according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gas outlet channel is opened on the end face of the purge nozzle and is located on the side away from the rock cutting direction.

8. The pneumatically operated open / closed laser cutting head coupled to a TBM cutterhead according to claim 7, characterized in that: The purge airflow ejected from the gas outlet channel forms an outward eight-shaped shape.

9. The pneumatically operated open / closed laser cutting head coupled to a TBM cutterhead according to claim 8, characterized in that: The angle θ between the purge air flow and the axis of the purge nozzle is between 30 and 45 degrees.

10. The pneumatically operated open / closed laser cutting head coupled to a TBM cutterhead according to claim 9, characterized in that: The width S of the purge airflow projected on the rock surface is not less than the laser groove width.

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